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Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress [Updated October 23, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Congressional efforts to improve conditions for women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have garnered widespread support since at least the early 2000s. The broad appeal may reflect a convergence of goals for those advocating positive change for women as an end-goal in itself, and those supporting such change primarily as a potential means to advance broader U.S. interests in the region, such as peace and stability, countering terrorism, increasing prosperity, and fostering good governance and human rights--goals that have been assigned unequal priority for decades. Such support reflects a growing body of research suggesting that improving opportunities and conditions for women in a society may promote such outcomes both globally and in the region. This report provides background and data on key issues regarding women in the MENA region and describes selected ways in which Congress has engaged on issues such as women's legal rights, economic participation, and political representation; the humanitarian impact of conflict and displacement on women; women's inclusion in conflict resolution and peace processes; violence against women; and women's roles in perpetuating and combatting violent extremism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Danon, Zoe; Collins, Sarah R.
2020-10-23
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Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress [June 19, 2020]
From the Summary: "The status of women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has garnered widespread interest among many Members of Congress. Many experts have found that women in this region fare worse than those in other parts of the world on a range of social, economic, legal and political measures. Some attribute this underperformance to gender roles and perspectives (including discriminatory laws and beliefs), and challenges facing the region overall (such as a preponderance of undemocratic governments, poor economic growth, civil wars, and mass displacement, which often disproportionately affect women)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Danon, Zoe; Collins, Sarah R.
2020-06-19
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Three New Estimates of India's All-Cause Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "India's official Covid [coronavirus disease] death count as of end-June 2021 is 400,000. The reality is, of course, catastrophically worse. A sense that the official estimates are under-counting deaths is suggested by simple cross-country comparisons. The end-June official death count implies deaths per capita of 0.3 for India, whereas the comparable numbers for large countries in Europe and the Americas are substantially greater (well in excess of 3 for Mexico and Peru and around 2 in Brazil, Italy, US, and UK) even though infection rates are lower. India is one of the few major economies that does not have estimates of excess deaths during the Covid pandemic, reflected for example, in its absence from global databases such as the Human Mortality Database [hyperlink] or the World Mortality Database [hyperlink] (Karlinsky and Kobak 2021) which underlie reporting by OurWorldinData.org and the Financial Times. The only all-India numbers we have are model-based estimates of all-cause excess mortality (for example, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and The Economist) and some data-based estimates for the first wave (Banaji, 2021a). A prominent set of estimates were published by the New York Times but they were based on hypothetical infection and infection fatality rates that were not linked to India data per se. But this picture is fast changing. And we are now, for the first time, getting data-based estimates of excess deaths at an all-India level."
Center for Global Development
Anand, Abhishek; Sandefur, Justin; Subramanian, Arvind
2021-07
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Driving Digital Acceleration: The 2021 State CIO Survey
From the Executive Summary: "2021 was a year that continued to be dominated by the response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. In this twelfth annual state chief information officer (CIO) survey, we received the perspective of 49 state and territory CIOs on the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic for state CIO organizations. We also received updates from CIOs on many of the traditional topics covered by the survey, including digital transformation, adoption of cloud, emerging technologies and legacy modernization. A major theme of this year's survey is whether the accelerated pace of state technology and digital services transformation over the past eighteen months will persist beyond the pandemic."
National Association of State Chief Information Officers; Grant Thornton; Computing Technology Industry Association
2021-10
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U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2021 Request [May 5, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report is an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). It includes a brief historical review of foreign aid levels, a description of specific country programs, and analysis of current foreign aid issues. It also provides analysis of the Administration's FY2021 budget request for State Department and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Foreign Operations and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations in the MENA region."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Collins, Sarah R.; Humud, Carla E.
2020-05-05
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Djibouti [Updated June 3, 2021]
From the Document: "The small, arid East African country of Djibouti is strategically located along one of the world's busiest shipping routes on the Bab el Mandeb Strait, which serves as the gateway from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. Djibouti has become a hub for foreign militaries. It is home to U.S. Africa Command's Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), based at Camp Lemonnier, the only enduring U.S. military installation in Africa. A former French colony, Djibouti also hosts a sizable French military presence and provides facilities for multinational antipiracy operations off Somalia's coast. [...] With almost no arable land, few natural resources, and little industry, Djibouti's economy depends heavily on its services sector and trade through its busy international port complex. Rents and related revenue from foreign militaries are an important source of revenue (reportedly over $125 million annually). The country is pursuing an ambitious agenda to become a commercial trade hub for the broader region. Neighboring Ethiopia, a landlocked country of over 100 million people, relies on Djibouti for the transit of 90% of its formal trade, recently facilitated by a new Chinese-built rail line between the two countries. China's growing engagement with Djibouti is multifaceted, ranging from major investments in infrastructure to China's establishment of a geostrategic naval base there. China, which holds a majority of Djibouti's external sovereign debt, considers the country as part of its Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to connect countries to Chinese global trade routes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Collins, Sarah R.
2021-06-03
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Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action [September 11, 2020]
From the Document: "The status of Afghan women and girls has improved since 2001 by some metrics, but arguably remains precarious. Given the formerly ruling Taliban's views on women's rights, and entrenched cultural attitudes (particularly in rural areas), the status of Afghan women and girls has long been a topic of congressional concern and action. Concern among some Members of Congress has increased in light of the ongoing withdrawal of U.S. troops, scheduled to be completed by spring 2021. Some experts warn that a full U.S. military withdrawal could pave the way for the Taliban to return to power--either by military force or through a political settlement--and that women's rights could be compromised. Since 2001, Members of Congress have used a number of oversight and funding-related legislative measures to promote and safeguard the rights of Afghan women, and may consider the efficacy and sustainability of such approaches as the U.S. reduces its military footprint and as the Afghan conflict and political dynamic evolve."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thomas, Clayton (Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs); Collins, Sarah R.
2020-09-11
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Djibouti [September 4, 2019]
From the Document: "The small, arid East African country of Djibouti is strategically located along one of the world's busiest shipping routes on the Bab el Mandeb Strait, which serves as the gateway from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. The country has increasingly become a hub for foreign militaries. It is home to U.S. Africa Command's Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), based at Camp Lemonnier, the only enduring U.S. military installation in Africa. A former French colony, Djibouti also hosts a sizable French military presence and provides facilities for multinational antipiracy operations off Somalia's coast. In 2015, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) opened a liaison office in Djibouti to enhance regional antipiracy efforts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Collins, Sarah R.
2019-09-04
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China's Engagement in Djibouti [September 4, 2019]
From the Overview: "Djibouti is pursuing an ambitious agenda to transform itself into a commercial trade hub for the Horn of Africa region. This effort is being financed largely by the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is playing a growing role in the tiny country. China's engagement is multifaceted, ranging from major infrastructure investments to the establishment of its first overseas military base in the country. China considers Djibouti part of its Belt and Road Initiative; in late 2017 the two countries declared that they had established a 'strategic partnership.' U.S. policymakers have raised concern about China's role in Djibouti, given U.S. strategic interests in the region and the proximity of China's base to U.S. military facilities there."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Collins, Sarah R.
2019-09-04
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African Elections in 2020 [Updated April 27, 2020]
From the Document: "At the start of the year, 21 African countries were slated to hold presidential and/or parliamentary polls in 2020. Scheduled election dates are listed below. Some may be subject to change due to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic or other factors."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Collins, Sarah R.; Arieff, Alexis; Blanchard, Lauren Ploch . . .
2020-04-27
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African Elections in 2021 [Updated February 1, 2021]
This report is a consolidated snapshot of election schedules for various countries in Africa. From the Document: "Seventeen African countries are slated to hold presidential and/or legislative polls in 2021. Scheduled election dates are listed below; some may be subject to change due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic or other factors."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Collins, Sarah R.
2021-02-01
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African Elections in 2020 [Updated February 14, 2020]
This report from the Congressional Research Service provides election snapshots for individual nations in Africa in 2020.
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Collins, Sarah R.; Arieff, Alexis; Blanchard, Lauren Ploch . . .
2020-02-14
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Assessing Underlying State Conditions and Ramp-Up Challenges for the COVID-19 Response
From the Article: "An unprecedented pandemic has exploded within the U.S. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has now reached all 50 states and is disrupting life in large urban areas including Seattle, the Bay Area, and New York City. The rapid spread of a virus with an undefined risk of death has forced state and local governments and health systems to act urgently to mitigate the spread and respond to an increasing number of infected Americans. The speed of transmission threatens to strain health system capacity and presents a clear and present risk to health care workers. Mounting hospitalizations and intensive care needs appear to involve adults of all ages."
Commonwealth Fund
Baumgartner, Jesse C.; Radley, David C.; Collins, Sarah R. . . .
2020-03-25
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United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy [Updated October 28, 2021]
From the Summary: "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven principalities or 'emirates.' Its population is assessed at nearly 10 million, but about 90% of the population are expatriates from within and outside the region who work in its open economy. The UAE is a significant U.S. security partner that hosts about 3,500 U.S. military personnel at UAE military facilities, buys sophisticated U.S. military equipment, including missile defenses and combat aircraft, and supports U.S. policy toward Iran."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth; Collins, Sarah R.
2021-10-28
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US Emergency Food Aid Programs: In the Current COVID-19 Global Environment, Commonsense Reforms Are Overdue
From the Key Points: "[1] The United States international emergency food aid program has done a tremendous amount of good for people in dire need of help since it was first launched nearly 70 years ago in 1954. [2] However, mandates that forces the program to buy almost all US food aid at home and ship at least half of it on US-registered vessels are exceptionally costly in budgetary and humanitarian terms and are damaging to national security by limiting the exercise of soft power. [3] At the same time, the domestic policy rationales used to justify those mandates in 1954 have effectively disappeared over the past 30 or so years. [and 4] The rest of the world's emergency food aid donors have shed the shackles of procurement and shipping mandates. As commercial shipping freight rates and food prices continue to soar, severely constricting US Agency for International Development's ability to use the fixed budget allocated for the international food aid program, it is time for the US to follow suit."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Barrett, Christopher B. (Christopher Brendan); Smith, Vincent H.
2021-11
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Ecology and Economics for Pandemic Prevention: Investments to Prevent Tropical Deforestation and to Limit Wildlife Trade Will Protect Against Future Zoonosis Outbreaks
From the Document: "For a century, two new viruses per year have spilled from their natural hosts into humans. The MERS [Middle East Respiratory Syndrome], SARS [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome], and 2009 H1N1 epidemics, and the HIV and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, testify to their damage. Zoonotic viruses infect people directly most often when they handle live primates, bats, and other wildlife (or their meat) or indirectly from farm animals such as chickens and pigs. The risks are higher than ever as increasingly intimate associations between humans and wildlife disease reservoirs accelerate the potential for viruses to spread glob-ally. Here, we assess the cost of monitoring and preventing disease spillover driven by the unprecedented loss and fragmentation of tropical forests and by the burgeoning wildlife trade. Currently, we invest relatively little toward preventing deforestation and regulating wildlife trade, despite well-researched plans that demonstrate a high return on their investment in limiting zoo-noses and conferring many other benefits. As public funding in response to COVID-19 continues to rise, our analysis suggests that the associated costs of these preventive efforts would be substantially less than the economic and mortality costs of responding to these pathogens once they have emerged."
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Dobson, Andrew P.; Pimm, Stuart L. (Stuart Leonard); Hannah, Lee Jay . . .
2020-07-24
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Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress [Updated November 27, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Congressional efforts to improve conditions for women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have garnered widespread support since at least the early 2000s. The broad appeal may reflect a convergence of goals for those advocating positive change for women as an end-goal in itself, and those supporting such change primarily as a potential means to advance broader U.S. interests in the region, such as peace and stability, countering terrorism, increasing prosperity, and fostering good governance and human rights--goals that have been assigned unequal priority for decades. Such support reflects a growing body of research suggesting that improving opportunities and conditions for women in a society may promote such outcomes both globally and in the region. This report provides background and data on key issues regarding women in the MENA region and describes selected ways in which Congress has engaged on issues such as women's legal rights, economic participation, and political representation; the humanitarian impact of conflict and displacement on women; women's inclusion in conflict resolution and peace processes; violence against women; and women's roles in perpetuating and combatting violent extremism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Danon, Zoe; Collins, Sarah R.
2020-11-27
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Health and Health Care Experiences of Hispanic Adults
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has taken a stark disproportionate toll on people of color, including the Hispanic population. These disparate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated longstanding underlying disparities in health and health care facing Hispanic people. Prior to the pandemic, these disparities had already been compounded by immigration policies implemented during the Trump administration that increased fears among immigrant families and made some more reluctant to access programs and services, including health coverage and health care. Although the Biden administration has since reversed many of these policies, they likely continue to have lingering effects. This report provides insights into the health care experiences of Hispanic adults amid the current environment and examines how they vary by key factors, including insurance and immigration status. A prior report examined the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 for Hispanic adults and their attitudes, experiences with, and barriers to getting COVID-19 vaccinations."
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation
Artiga, Samantha; Hamel, Liz; Kearney, Audrey . . .
2021-07-14
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IMF's Growth Forecasts for Poor Countries Don't Match Its COVID Narrative
From the Abstract: "The International Monetary Fund's forecasts of GDP [gross domestic product] growth in 2020 suggest a substantially muted impact of the COVID [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis--about 3 percentage points smaller--for developing countries compared to advanced economies. Simple cross-country regressions show this discrepancy cannot be explained by external vulnerabilities to trade disruptions, financial crises, or commodity price shocks, which mostly suggest a more severe crisis in the developing world. It also cannot be explained by the domestic shock, because--while current case totals are greater in advanced economies--the policy responses of social distancing and lockdowns which will directly constrain economic activity have been similar across both groups of countries, and fiscal policy responses have been significantly weaker in developing countries. We hope that the relative optimism will not induce complacency and elicit a less-than-forceful response by countries themselves nor legitimize an ungenerous, conditionality-addled response on the part of the international community in the face of an unprecedented calamity."
Center for Global Development
Sandefur, Justin; Subramanian, Arvind
2020-05
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Algeria [Updated July 6, 2021]
From the Document: "More than two years after nationwide protests forced longstanding President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to step down, questions remain about the future of Algeria's political system and state-centric economy, which revolves around oil and gas exports. President Abelmadjid Tebboune (75), a former prime minister, was elected in late 2019 to succeed Bouteflika, but some observers question his legitimacy and influence within the complex elite networks known in Algeria as 'le pouvoir' ('the powers that be'). Tebboune won nearly 60% of the vote but turnout was under 40%; his reputed patron, army chief of staff General Ahmed Gaïd Salah, died soon after; and the president spent months in hospitals abroad after contracting COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in late 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis; Collins, Sarah R.
2021-07-06
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Algeria [Updated June 23, 2021]
From the Document: "More than two years after nationwide protests forced longstanding President Abdelaziz Bouteflika to step down, questions remain about the future of Algeria's political system and state-centric economy, which revolves around oil and gas exports. President Abelmadjid Tebboune (75), a former prime minister, was elected in late 2019 to succeed Bouteflika, but some observers question his legitimacy and influence within the complex elite networks known in Algeria as 'le pouvoir' ('the powers that be'). Tebboune won nearly 60% of the vote but turnout was under 40%; his reputed patron, army chief of staff General Ahmed Gaïd Salah, died soon after; and the president spent months in hospitals abroad after contracting COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in late 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis; Collins, Sarah R.
2021-06-23
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Afghan Women and Girls: Status and Congressional Action [Updated August 18, 2021]
From the Document: "The status of Afghan women and girls is increasingly precarious in light of the Taliban's takeover of the country in mid-August 2021. Given the Taliban's views on women's rights, and entrenched cultural attitudes (particularly in rural areas), the status of Afghan women and girls has long been a topic of congressional concern and action. Concern among some Members of Congress has increased in the wake of the drawdown of U.S. military and civilian personnel and the Taliban takeover. Reports indicate that the Taliban have re-imposed restrictions on women in some areas taken in 2021. In addition to fears for the rights, health, and economic wellbeing of Afghan women broadly, some Members' immediate concerns focus on evacuation and visa questions, with a longer-term focus on how, if at all, U.S. policies might induce a Taliban-led government to respect women's rights. Since 2001, Members of Congress have attempted to promote and safeguard the rights of Afghan women through oversight and funding-related legislative measures."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thomas, Clayton (Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs); Collins, Sarah R.
2021-08-18
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact in Africa [Updated August 4, 2021]
From the Document: "Sub-Saharan Africa has confirmed fewer COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] cases and deaths per capita than other regions, but many countries have faced a deadlier third wave of cases since mid-2021. As of July 2021, southern African countries had the highest per-capita caseloads (and had also administered the most tests). Public health experts have expressed acute concerns about the regional surge in both cases and deaths, which they attribute to the spread of the highly transmissible Delta variant and public fatigue with infection control restrictions. Most governments in Africa have struggled to secure vaccines. Total cumulative confirmed cases and deaths remain concentrated in a handful of countries, led by South Africa. Studies suggest that case data may be underreported in many countries, and experts warn that asymptomatic transmission may have hidden the scope of the spread while allowing for potential virus mutation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis; Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Cook, Nicolas . . .
2021-08-04
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Animal Origin of SARS-CoV-2
From the Document: "Although first detected in December 2019, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] was inferred to be present in Hubei province, China, for about a month before. Where did this new human disease come from? To understand the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to go back to 2002. At that time a novel respiratory coronavirus appeared in Foshan, Guangdong province, China, and spread to 29 countries. Altogether ∼8000 people were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) before public health measures controlled its spread in 2003. The zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV was subsequently linked to live animals available at markets. Further sporadic spill-over events of SARS-CoV from animals took place in Guangzhou, Guangdong, and some researchers working with cultured virus were infected in laboratory accidents, but ultimately SARS-CoV was removed from the human population. Trading of susceptible host animals is an important common theme in the emergence of SARS and COVID-19."
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Lytras, Spyros; Xia, Wei; Hughes, Joseph, 1977- . . .
2021-08-17
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Information Security Controls: Cybersecurity Items, Interim Final Rule, with Request for Comments
From the Summary: "This interim final rule outlines the progress the United States has made in export controls pertaining to cybersecurity items, revised Commerce Control List (CCL) implementation, and requests from the public information about the impact of these revised controls on U.S. industry and the cybersecurity community. Specifically, this rule establishes a new control on these items for National Security (NS) and Anti-terrorism (AT) reasons, along with a new License Exception Authorized Cybersecurity Exports (ACE) that authorizes exports of these items to most destinations except in the circumstances described. These items warrant controls because these tools could be used for surveillance, espionage, or other actions that disrupt, deny or degrade the network or devices on it."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
2021-10-21
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Presidential COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force: Final Report and Recommendations
From the Letter from the Chair: "President Biden charged this Task Force with recommending actions to mitigate health inequities caused or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and to prevent such inequities in the future. [...] This report presents a case for change, proposed actions for the Biden-Harris administration to prioritize, and outcomes to set the vision for what the country can achieve. And, of course, this report holds the specific recommendations the Task Force has generated throughout many months--recommendations intended to disrupt the predictability of who is harmed first, and harmed worst in times of national crisis."
Presidential COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force
2021-10
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Presidential COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force: Proposed Implementation Plan and Accountability Framework
From the Introduction: "As part of the administration's response to the devastating COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, President Joseph R. Biden issued Executive Order 13995, which established the Presidential COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force (The 'Task Force'). Following guidance from this executive order, the Task Force convened to recommend actions against long-standing and emerging health inequities exacerbated by the pandemic. [...1] 'Section One' of this document is a proposed implementation plan. It includes overarching implementation guidance and the 55 prioritized recommendations with action steps. [2] 'Section Two' of this document is a proposed accountability framework. It includes an evaluation framework with a logic model approach. It suggests establishing and tracking key performance indicators (KPIs). This report references various populations and settings of interest as communities of color and other underserved populations, considering where people live, work, and learn."
Presidential COVID-19 Health Equity Task Force
2021-10
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Collateral Damage from COVID
From the Introduction: "We are flooded with data and stories on infections, hospitalizations, and deaths attributed to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. At nearly 650,000 U.S. deaths as of the beginning of September 2021, those numbers are very large, and the immediate day-to-day impact of the pandemic has tended to dominate the news. But there is also a great deal of underreported collateral damage, costing many lives while shattering hopes and dreams, especially among the working poor. [...] This collateral damage--unintended consequences--of our personal and policy responses to the virus is immense. Excess deaths from causes other than COVID have been sharply higher than normal during the pandemic. These consequences can be extreme, such as violence and deaths of despair, but many other all-too-human costs--divorces, alcoholism, drug abuse, and derailed careers--have yet to be measured. It will be some time before all the costs can be tallied, but we can start to see and quantify many of them, and also highlight others that need to be investigated. Understanding the full scope of the damage will help close gaps between conventional wisdom and reality. Ideally, it should also inform our future personal and policy responses to pandemics and other emergencies. We owe it to ourselves to dispassionately study policy choices that were made, so that we can respond faster and better in the future. It will be invaluable if we can also recognize that scientific method does not mean seeking out evidence that supports one's personal opinion, but involves actively seeking to test our hypotheses, and openly exploring alternative perspectives."
Reason Foundation
Arnott, Robert D.; Kalesnik, Vitali; Wu, Lillian
2021-10
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State Cross-Agency Collaboration During the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
From the Introduction and Background: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has offered major challenges and opportunities for state policymakers. Due to strained resources and rapidly changing circumstances, states have had to adapt quickly as they plan, coordinate, and manage services for residents. Several states established strong inter-agency partnerships to collectively facilitate cross-sector solutions in the immediate crisis. Public health, social service and other public sectors engaged in new ways with the health sector to address the range of health and social challenges and to strengthen the safety net. Some of this engagement leveraged cross-sector strategies already proliferating across the country to advance whole person health (including in rural communities) and spurred efforts to address long-standing health inequities, especially in communities of color. This brief highlights Illinois, Indiana, and Rhode Island's cross-agency strategies during COVID-19, and it draws out themes, lessons, and best practices for states to consider during recovery and when preparing for future public health emergencies."
National Academy for State Health Policy (U.S.)
Higgins, Elinor; Cooper, Rebecca
2021-10
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Current Responses to Housing Insecurity: A Focus on Vulnerable Residential Renters and Landlords
From the Document: "On July 31, 2021, the federal eviction moratorium that kept an estimated 30 million people in their homes at the height of the pandemic officially expired. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a subsequent order on August 3, 2021 to temporarily halt evictions in counties where COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is spreading rapidly, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled later that month that the CDC exceeded its statutory authority by imposing the nationwide eviction moratorium, effectively ending it. The ruling means that eviction proceedings can resume where state or local moratoriums are not currently in place. [...] Although certain state and local governments extended their eviction moratoriums, housing experts still expect a wave of evictions this year, prompting an immediate need to alleviate the pressures on renters and landlords. In response, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (New York Fed), in partnership with the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia (Philadelphia Fed), the Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC), and the Housing Initiative at Penn (HIP), convened a roundtable of housing practitioners, policymakers, and funders to identify solutions. This roundtable discussion is part of the New York Fed's broader body of work seeking to enable economic mobility for low- and moderate-income households, especially those facing poverty or structural disparities related to race or ethnicity. Below are key takeaways that we heard from experts on the experiences of renters and landlords."
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Body, Dyvonne; Landau, Rebecca; Reyes, Edison . . .
2021-09-23?
