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• Fixing US Special Operations. Rational Actors Not Allowed

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  "The United States Special Operations Command was established as a result of a glaring US military weakness and with the rational consensus of all players. Several, less than sterling, US military operations in the 1980s, exposed glaring weaknesses in the individual and collective Special Operations Forces of all services-especially with interoperability. In addition, terrorism and military operations at the lowest end of the conflict spectrum placed an ever-increasing premium on "Special Operations" type actions. With a consensus on the existence of a problem(s), surely a Rational Actor solution would emerge. The puzzling aspect from first glance, is that it took a Congressional Act to solve what certainly appears to be strictly military deficiencies. I will examine the Congressional "fix" to our Special Operations problems and the reactions from the key players-including all services. This approach should provide an insight into which model of decision-making is employed, as well as the effects of civilian control of the military."

  National War College (U.S.)

  1993
• Ineffective and Unchanging Drug Strategy

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  "President Bush announced his National Drug Control Strategy on September 5, 1989. It emphasized a multinational and multi-agency approach to attack both the supply and demand aspects of illegal drug use in the United States. On September 18, 1989, Secretary of Defense (SecDef) Cheney issued implementing counterdrug strategy for the Department of Defense (DoD). He determined that a principal foreign policy objective is the reduction, and if possible, elimination of the flow of illegal narcotic substances into the US. Based upon this finding, in combination with DoD's statutory responsibilities to support law enforcement agencies, he identified the countering of the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs as a high priority national security mission."

  National Defense University

  1993
• Limitations to the Establishment of an Arms Supplier Regime

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  "The world today is fraught with weapons displaying ever increasing capabilities to destroy. These weapons are not just nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons of mass destruction most focused on by those concerned with proliferation. The advanced conventional weaponry currently transferred to the Third World creates new capabilities and new threats. The 1991 war in the Persian Gulf illuminated for the international community the inherent danger of this proliferation. Unfortunately, many drew the wrong lesson from the Gulf War. This lesson was that weapons transfers should be severely restrained or eliminated in order to fight proliferation and bring peace, stability, and economic development to the Third World. This harkens back to the mid to late-1970s debate on the failed arms transfer restraint policy of the Carter administration."

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Hallman, Wesley P.

  1993
• Hurricane Andrew Historical Report

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  "Hurricane Andrew began as a tropical disturbance over Senegal, Africa, on 14 August 1992, and developed into a tropical depression two days later. On 22 August, Andrew became the first hurricane of the 1992 season. It was about 700 miles east of Miami, Florida, pushing westward at 15 miles per hour. The next morning, Hurricane Andrew was 380 miles east of Miami and moving west at 16 miles per hour with maximum sustained winds of 120 miles per hour. A hurricane warning was in effect for the east coast of Florida from Vero Beach southward through the Florida Keys. Florida Governor Lawton Chiles declared a state of emergency in south Florida. He directed that three National Guard battalions be pre-positioned in that area, and 1,500 Florida National Guard soldiers were assembled in Miami. State officials ordered a million residents from Monroe, Dade, and Broward counties to evacuate. By midafternoon roads were clogged as over 700,000 south Florida residents fled north as part of the largest evacuation in U.S. history. At the peak of the evacuation, over 84, 000 people sought refuge in 229 shelters. 1 At 4:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on Monday, 24 August 1992, Hurricane Andrew (now a category IV storm) hit land approximately 25 miles south of Miami with sustained winds of 140 miles per hour and gusts up to 175 miles per hour. The storm propelled westward at 18 miles per hour crashing into Homestead and the south Dade County neighborhoods of Perrine and Cutler Ridge. Three hours later, Governor Chiles asked President George Bush for a disaster declaration."

  United States. Army. Corps of Engineers

  McDonnell, Janet A., 1952-

  1993-01
• Purple Dragon: The Origin and Development of the United States OPSEC Program

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  Taken from the Foreword: "Operations Security (OPSEC) as a concept is probably as old as war itself. Nevertheless, the fact that poor OPSEC practices have been costly in loss of human life and lost objectives in every American war demonstrates that, despite its venerated age, Operations Security as a doctrine needs to be learned afresh by each generation. It is imperative that those with responsibility for military activities understand that observation of Operations Security principles is as essential an ingredient to victory as any of the other tools of war. To the extent possible, these lessons should be learned in peacetime -- experience in recent conflicts shows there is unlikely to be a period of grace once a military emergency occurs and troops are committed to combat. […] The Center for Cryptologic History believes that [redacted] monograph is an important addition to the study of cryptologic history and, indeed, to the literature on the Vietnam War. It has much to say to two audiences: those unfamiliar with Operations Security will find it a good introduction to the concepts and methodology of this important component. Those already familiar with Operations Security should find it an interesting study of OPSEC origins as well as a refresher on the basic principles of the discipline."

  United States. National Security Agency/Central Security Service. Center for Cryptologic History

  1993
• Handbook on Women in Firefighting: The Changing Face of the Fire Service

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  "Fire may know no gender, but people do, and it is the fire chief's job to manage people much more often than he or she manages fire. Women and minorities are forming an increasing part of the workforce and the labor pool. Fire service managers in the 1990's have an opportunity to attract the best of that pool by creating a work environment that welcomes the participation of all. Facilitating teamwork in a culturally diverse fire department may be the biggest challenge currently facing fire chiefs. Those who are not prepared to manage a diverse workforce may find that the workforce is managing them instead. It's not enough just to say, 'We'll hire anyone who meets our standards.' How are those standards set? Can they be justified? What happens to someone who 'meets the standards' but faces a barrier of hostility and opposition from coworkers? What support systems are available for workers who are not part of the dominant group? Simply having policies in place that appear to be neutral, or are applied equally to everyone, does not necessarily create equal opportunity. Altering the identity of people in a fundamentally unaltered workplace can leave the door open to friction, miscommunication, and a host of inequities that can result in poor performance and a loss of teamwork."

  United States Fire Administration

  1993-01
• Lorna Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989--Public Response

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  This document covers the emergency response to the Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989, and includes the following articles: "Human Behavior during and immediately after the earthquake" by Linda B. Bourque, Lisa A. Russell and James D. Goltz; "Citizen participation in emergency response" by Paul W. O'Brien and Dennis S. Mileti; "Public response to aftershock warnings" by Denis S. Mileti and Paul W. O'Brien; "Emergency sheltering and housing of earthquake victims: the case of Santa Cruz County" by Robert C. Bolin and Lois M. Stanford; "Building content hazards and behavior of mobility-restricted residents" by Mansour Rahimi and Glenn Azevedo; "Earthquake preparedness behavior of students and nonstudents" by John-Paul Mulilis and T. Shelley Duval.

  United States. Department of the Interior

  1993
• Army and Military in Space

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  "Desert Storm provided the medium to focus the effects of space operations on military capabilities. Awareness of the added dimension of space to the battlefield was heightened throughout the defense community as well as the public and commercial sectors. The above quotation takes on a broader context and greater importance as we begin to apply the possibilities that space-based systems extend to our military capabilities. Land Force Dominance, replacing Air Land Battle Doctrine, requires the integration of many systems, space-related systems have become key and critical to the successful application of this concept. Space-based systems provide a force multiplying effect that cannot and must not go unharnessed. 'Technical advances in space systems are reaching a point where the outcome of theater conventional conflict may be decided in favor of the side best able to control space or deny its effective use to an adversary.'"

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Heuser, Gary E.

  1993
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) investigates symptoms, causes, and treatments of PTSD in children and adolescents. From the article: "Little is known about the treatment of children with PTSD; with few exceptions, the literature is filled with unsubstantiated case reports and theories of treatment based entirely on clinical experience. Based in large part on his own work in the area, Saigh (1992) recently made a persuasive case for the efficacy of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) in treating single-incident trauma. Deblinger and colleagues (1990) also have shown that CBT benefits children with PTSD from sexual abuse. Nevertheless, mental health providers dealing with traumatized children and adolescents are inevitably forced to operate from clinical lore or to borrow treatments from other areas, such as CBT for overanxious disorder, or age-downward extension of trauma work in adults. We and others utilize a 'prevention-intervention' model that incorporates triage for acutely exposed children, supporting and strengthening coping skills for anticipated grief/trauma responses, treating other disorders that may develop or exacerbate in the context of PTSD, and brief focused psychotherapy for chronic PTSD symptoms (Amaya-Jackson & March, in press; Pynoos et al., 1991). Central to almost all treatment strategies is an emphasis on reexposing the individual to traumatic cues under safe conditions, incorporating reparative and mastery elements in a structured, supportive manner. [...] In summary, PTSD clearly occurs in children and adolescents, and may in fact be increasing in overall prevalence. PTSD in young persons strongly resembles the disorder in adults, with differences primarily stemming from divergent stressors, developmental themes, and collateral symptoms. Almost wholly unsupported by data-based research, current treatment involves debriefing, brief psychotherapy, and 'pulsed' long-term intervention utilizing an admixture of psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and perhaps pharmacological treatments."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  March, John S., MD; Amaya-Jackson, Lisa

  1993
• Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Chronic PTSD

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) discusses the use of psychotherapy in treating chronic PTSD. From the article: "The Pareto principle holds that a small number of causes are responsible for a majority of problems. Regarding psychotherapy of combat-related PTSD, a few principles have been consistently proffered as curative: exposure; meaning alteration; coping skills; and use of social supports. These components have survived in the absence of conclusive evidence, the area of trauma recovery having benefited in both its 'soul' and knowledge from the first wave of contributors-- Lifton, Laufer, Figley, Lindy, Shatan, Horowitz, Kolb, Marmar, Haley, Parson, and Wilson-- and being 'pumped up' by a new breed of data assimilators and integrators--Keane, Saigh, van der Kolk, Foy, Herman, Terr, Penk, Pennebaker, McCann & Pearlman, and Janoff-Bulman. Our review is limited to the coverage of this legacy with special emphasis on data from ongoing clinical trials of combat veterans (and some key studies of rape victims), exclusive of medication studies. Two points are made. First, our focus is chronic combat-related PTSD. According to official diagnostic criteria, virtually all studies or descriptions of this population are addressing chronicity. [...] Second, many descriptions of treatment programs exist but few controlled studies or reviews have been published (S. Solomon et al., 1992). Studies have yet to establish the relative importance of key variables, including but not limited to nature of the trauma, influence of demographic/cultural factors, length of trauma exposure, time since exposure, chronicity of symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, and basic treatment factors, including individual versus combined care, or the influence of process variables."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Hyer, Lee; McCranie, Edward W.; Peralme, Lynne

  1993
• Coping with Traumatic Stress

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) discusses controversies spurred by literature on coping with stress disorders. From the article: "The qualitative literature on coping with trauma is among the most fascinating reading in psychology. Bettelheim's (1943) account of his personal experiences and research in Nazi concentration camps is a prime example. His descriptions of how psychological reactions changed depending upon the phase of the experience, the sources of individual differences in appraisal and coping, and how the use of coping and defense mechanisms contributed to survival in this extreme environment presaged much of the current literature on coping with trauma. In the past decade, researchers have begun to conduct more systematic studies in this area. Kahana, Kahana, and their colleagues (1988) provide an excellent overview of the general field of coping research, especially the distinction between problem- and emotion-focused coping, and how findings from the trauma literature fit into that framework. The purpose of this article is to review some of the more recent developments and controversies in the general coping literature, then address the importance of these for coping with trauma."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Aldwin, Carolyn M.

  1993
• Female Military Veterans and Traumatic Stress

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  This article on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) focuses on traumatic stress among female veterans. From the article: "Despite increasing interest in women in the military, the literature on female veterans and traumatic stress is surprisingly limited. This situation appears partly due to a lack of female veterans' public visibility and a corresponding failure to emphasize the scientific study of women in general. As a result of that climate, the earliest writings on female veterans and traumatic stress are largely personal recollections or clinical descriptions, typically by women who served in Vietnam. Today, as the scientific study of life trauma accelerates, investigators are increasingly conducting more empirical studies of traumatic stress in female veterans and examining in greater detail the spectrum of military stressors that may put women at-risk for problems in readjustment. This article reviews a number of the important papers on female veterans and traumatic stress. As with any newly emerging scientific field, some of the important writings on this topic are found in books and unpublished dissertations (e.g., Salvatore). The review concludes by suggesting some areas for future research."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Wolfe, Jessica, 1950-

  1993
• Mental Health Effects of Natural and Human-made Disasters

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  "All research reviewed in this issue relates to mental health studies of adult and child survivors of natural and human-made disasters. To avoid overlap with previous issues of the PTSD [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder] Research Quarterly (Weisæth & Eitinger, Volume 2, Numbers 2 & 3) we have restricted our focus to studies conducted in the United States. We also have excluded studies that focus on emergency workers, and on victims of torture, terrorism, and other interpersonal violence, since we regard these as topics worthy of separate attention in the Quarterly. And while our abstracts are limited to studies published since 1978, we have included a few citations of classic early work in the field of disaster research. Mental health studies of disasters typically have been designed to answer three basic questions: What kinds of mental health problems, if any, result from exposure to disaster? Which groups of people are at highest risk for negative effects? And, what factors modify the impact of exposure to disaster (i.e., why are some people at particularly high risk)? In this review we include abstracts and citations of studies that address one or more of these questions."

  National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)

  Solomon, Susan D.; Green, Bonnie L.

  1993
• Our Changing Planet: The FY 1994 U.S. Global Change Research Program

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  "In their February 22, 1993 report entitled: 'Technology for America's Economic Growth: A New Direction to Build Economic Strength', President Clinton and Vice President Gore describe a strategy for moving America's investments in science and technology in a '...new direction to build economic strength and spur economic growth.' The U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) is an important element of this strategy. The February 1993 report identifies the importance of investments in research to better understand global warming, ozone depletion, and other phenomena important to local, regional, and global environments. The U.S. Global Change Research Program has been implemented as both a source of sound scientific information to support national and international policy formulation and decisions relating to natural and human-induced changes in the global environment and their regional impacts."

  U.S. Global Change Research Program

  1993?
• Criminal Acts Against Civil Aviation, 1992

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  "Civil aviation overall continued to be the object of numerous criminal acts in 1992, but, in those instances where attacks resulted from factors other than personal motivation, the factors tended to be regional, rather than global, in nature. Accordingly, the geographical distribution of incidents varied widely: from a high of 34 in Europe to a low of 4 in North America. Most criminal acts against civil aviation in Asia were the result of internal ethnic or religious confrontations. These included rocket attacks against airports and aircraft by Afghan guerrillas as well as violence against Air India offices in both Bangladesh and Pakistan by Muslims protesting Hindus' destruction of the mosque in Ayodhya, India. For the first year since 1986, there were no projectile attacks against Narita Airport in Japan, the site of attacks and protests since before its construction even began in 1969. Although contractors and politicians associated with the airport continue to be the targets of leftist radicals, Narita Airport has been eclipsed as an issue by the military, the monarchy, and what the leftists term Japanese economic imperialism. The most significant aviation incident in Asia, the hijacking of a Vietnam Airlines aircraft by a former South Vietnamese Air Force pilot living in the U.S., may not bode well for the future as Vietnamese expatriates attempt to frustrate moves by both U.S. companies and the U.S. government to do business with the regime in Hanoi."

  United States. Federal Aviation Administration

  1993
• Statistical Report United States Attorneys Offices: Fiscal Year 1993

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  "This Annual Statistical Report summarizes and presents the criminal prosecutions and civil litigation conducted by the United States Attorneys in Fiscal Year 1993. The statistical information is reported by the United States Attorneys to the centralized computer database maintained by the EOUSA [Executive Office for United States Attorneys] Case Management Staff, which used the Central Caseload Tracking System and the Central Collections System to compile the charts and graphs within this report. Slight variations between this report and the Fiscal Year 1991 report may be attributed to the transition to the new tracking system and to our continued attention to identifying and removing obsolete files from the system."

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  1993?
• [Errata] National Biological Survey Act of 1993, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Environment and Natural Resources of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives and the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on H.R. 1845, a Bill to Establish the Biological Survey in the Department of the Interior, July 15, 1993

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  This is an errata sheet for the July 15, 1993 joint hearing on "National Biological Survey Act of 1993," held before the House Subcommittee on Environment and Natural Resources of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. From the opening statement of Gerry E. Studds: "This is technically a joint hearing of the Subcommittee on Environment and Natural Resources and the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands. And may I just observe that it may be the first such joint hearing on a matter that is clearly in the jurisdiction of both committees but has not yet technically been referred to both. It reflects the degree of cooperation between the committees involved. We are very, very pleased with that. [...] We are here to consider H.R. 1845, a bill to implement the initiative of Secretary Babbitt to establish a National Biological Survey within his Department. It is an innovative and, I think, long overdue and highly imaginative idea and that will constitute my opening statement out of respect for the Secretary." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Bruce Babbitt, Jack Fields, James V. Hansesn, Bill Horn, Jim Little, Max R. Peterson, John C. Saxton, Mark L. Shaffer, Rollin D. Sparrowe, Gerry E. Studds, Charles H. Taylor, Jolene Unsoeld, and Bruce F. Vento.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Shetland Islands Oil Spill, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, February 4, 1993

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  This is the February 4, 1993 hearing on "Shetland Islands Oil Spill," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of George Miller: "The committee meets today to hold a hearing on the recent oil spill in the Shetland Islands and its implications for the United States. [...] The focus of today's hearing is on both the event in the Shetlands, and what we might learn from it. How are we better able to look toward the implications of OPA 90 [Oil Pollution Act of 1990] with that event in mind, and is there more that needs to be done as we start to review the law against the actualities of the implementation of that law?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Malcolm E. Green, Nina Sankovitch, Scott Sterling, and Arthur E. 'Gene' Henn.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• California Desert Lands, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, June 15, 1993

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  This is the June 15, 1993 hearing on "California Desert Lands," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Bruce F. Vento: "The principal measure here, H.R. 518, would designate certain lands in California as wilderness, including lands to be managed by the BLM [Bureau of Land Management] and the National Park Service. It would also expand the National Park System by transferring to the National Park Service management of certain lands now managed by BLM and has other provisions as well. H.R. 880 would renew the withdrawal for military purposes of additional public lands in the California Desert that the Department of Defense has used for very important training and testing procedures." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Bruce Babbitt, Sherri Wasserman Goodman, Debbie Sease, Gerald E. Hillier, Randy 'Duke' Cunningham, Alfred McCandless, Duncan Hunter, Bill Thomas, Jerry Lewis, Bill Horn, Elden Hughes, David J. Simon, A. Aaron Medlock, Rob Blair, Kurt Hathaway, James Reddy, Norbert Riedy, and William C. Matheson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Unreclaimed Hardrock Mines, Joint Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, August 5, 1993

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  This is the August 5, 1993 joint oversight hearing on "Unreclaimed Hardrock Mines," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources and the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Richard H. Lehman: "The subcommittee is meeting today with the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations to consider the nature and scope of environmental problems associated with abandoned hardrock mines. [...] Hardrock mining has made many people wealthy in this country and has contributed greatly to this Nation's economic wealth. However, in the process, hardrock mining has left a trail of abandoned sites which not only scar the landscape but also pollute our rivers and our streams. The devastating effects these deserted sites have had and continue to have on the environment can be seen in tens of thousands of locations across the west." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James Duffus III, Joyce N. Fleischman, Dianne R. Nielson, Philip M. Hocker, Robert Armstrong, Hank Monterey, Graham M. Clark, Jr., Maxine Stewart, Nancy Winslow, Kent Mueller, Janice Varela, Jack Stults, and Bill Robinson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Indian Fish and Wildlife Enhancement, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, February 18, 1993

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  This is the February 18, 1993 oversight hearing on "Indian Fish and Wildlife Enhancement," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Bill Richardson: "Indian fish and wildlife resources are an integral part of the economic and social structure of Indian tribes. Since time immemorial, Indian tribes have relied on fish and wildlife resources for subsistence, economic development, and cultural practices. Today, we will be hearing from tribal witnesses from across the nation about their efforts to improve the management of these important resources. We will also hear testimony about the lack of federal involvement in, and assistance for, tribal efforts to improve fish and Indian habitat, increase native fish and Indian populations, and to undertake other conservation measures on tribal lands." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Wainwright Velarde, Gloria Notah, Thomas Maulson, James H. Schlender, Ken Poynter, Fred DuBray, Nelson Wallulatum, Billy Frank, and Jim Harp.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Bureau of Indian Affairs Reorganization--Part I, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, January 27, 1993

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  This is the January 27, 1993 hearing on "Bureau of Indian Affairs Reorganization--Part I," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Bill Richardson: "It is appropriate that the first hearing of this subcommittee be on the reorganization of the BIA [Bureau of Indian Affairs] since it is the oldest bureaucracy in the United States and one of the most maligned by Indian tribes. In the fall of 1990, the BIA proposed its own reorganization plan. At that time, tribal leaders rejected the plan because the BIA had not consulted with them in its formulation. In the Appropriations Act of 1991, a task force to reorganize the BIA was established wherein representatives from the Interior Department and three representatives of each of the 12 BIA Area Office tribes would be represented. This report before the subcommittee today is the culmination of a 2-year effort." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Eddie F. Brown, Brian Wallace, Harold A. Monteau, Georgia George, and Bernie Teba.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Watershed and Fish Habitat Degradation, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on Watershed and Fish Habitat Degradation on Public Lands and National Forests in the Pacific Northwest, Hearing Held in Washington, DC, March 11, 1993

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  This is March 11, 1993 hearing on "Watershed and Fish Habitat Degradation" held before the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of Bruce F. Vento: "Today, of course, we're focusing on one important aspect of that in terms of the land management and the impact on the fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. The American people have a spectacular natural resource, the salmon and steelhead runs that extend from the Pacific to central Idaho. Two summers ago I stood on the banks of a small stream in the Chamberlain Basin, in the heart of Idaho's Frank Church River of No Return wilderness and watched a Chinook king salmon, a beat-up fish, that had traveled almost a thousand miles from the ocean to return to it is birthplace to spawn. I felt a sense of awe, as I'm sure most of you would standing in my shoes, witnessing this phenomenon, because this salmon was one of only a few left in a salmon run that some time ago numbered in the thousands. If we were to go back to that same spot this summer we may not see any salmon at all." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: George Leonard, Michael Penfold, Michael F. Tillman, Gary Edwards, Bob Doppelt, Chris Frissell, Pat Higgins, John F. Palmisano, Thomas J. Cassidy, Thane Tiensen, Ray J. White, and George G. Ice.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Responses to Iben Browning's Prediction of a 1990 New Madrid, Missouri, Earthquake

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  "On December 3, 1990, residents of New Madrid, Mo., and the central Mississippi Valley region anxiously awaited the outcome of the prediction of a major earthquake by Iben Browning, an independent business consultant from near Albuquerque, N. Mex. [New Mexico] [...] The media hype and public agitation surrounding this prediction were remarkable considering Browning's lack of qualifications in seismology and the denunciation of this prediction by practically all earthquake seismologists. [...] This report documents how this prediction became credible to many members of the media, the emergency preparedness corps, and the general public."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Spence, William J.; Herrmann, Robert B.; Johnston, Arch C. . . .

  1993
• Flood Volumes in the Upper Mississippi River Basin, April 1 Through September 30, 1993

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  "Previous maximum flows on many streams and rivers were exceeded during the flood of 1993 in the upper Mississippi River Basin. Not only were peak discharges exceeded at many streamflow-gaging stations, but flood volumes were significantly higher than previous maximums. Rainfall amounts that were greater than 50 inches were recorded in parts of Kansas, Missouri, and Iowa from April 1 through September 30, 1993 . As a result of the excess rainfall, 53 of the 60 stations discussed in this report had flow volumes that were greater than twice the mean flow volume for April through September. The Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri, remained above flood stage for 144 days from April 1 to September 30, 1993, compared with 81 days during the 1973 flood. Of the 60 stations, 24 recorded new maximum 3-day flood volumes, and 47 recorded new maximum 120-day flood volumes. This indicates that the flooding of 1993 is significant with respect to its long duration and magnitude of flow . The same aspect is indicated in the frequency analysis of the 1993 flood. During the 1993 flood, the 100-year 3-day flows were exceeded at 22 stations, and the 120-day flows were exceeded at 43 stations."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Southard, Rodney E.

  1993
• Program for Earthquake Hazards Assessment in the Pacific Northwest

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  "The Pacific Northwest (including the part of California north of Cape Mendocino, Oregon, Washington, and part of British Columbia) may be capable of producing a great subduction-zone earthquake of magnitude 8-9. [...] Potential losses in the Pacific Northwest, as a result of either a great subduction-zone earthquake or crustal and (or) intraplate earthquakes near population centers, are expected to be large for a number of reasons. [...] Losses due to earthquakes can be reduced by means of effective mitigation measures, but these mitigation measures cannot be implemented without reliable characterization of earthquake hazards."

  United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Shedlock, Kaye M.; Weaver, Craig S.

  1993
• Serial No. 103-12: To Authorize Financial Assistance for the Northern Mariana Islands, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on H.R. 1092 to Authorize Financial Assistance for the Northern Mariana Islands, and for Other Purposes, March 18, 1993

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  This is the March 18, 1993 hearing titled "To Authorize Financial Assistance for the Northern Mariana Islands," held before the House Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Ron de Lugo: "We are going to have a hearing on H.R. 1092, a bill to commit the Federal Government to provide the Northern Marianas with $120 million in special assistance for infrastructure over 7 years beginning October 1." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Elton Gallegly, Robert A. Underwood, Juan Babauta, Lorenzo I. De Leon Guerrero, Thomas P. Villagomez, David H. Heggestad, and Herman T. Guerrero.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  1993
• Serial No. 103-4: Orientation Meeting with Secretary Babbitt, Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on Orientation Meeting with Secretary of the Interior Governor Bruce Babbitt, Hearing Held in Washington, DC, February 16, 1993

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  This is the February 16, 1993 hearing on "Orientation Meeting with Secretary Babbitt" held before the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of George Miller: "The purpose of today's hearing is to give our new Secretary of the Interior, Governor Bruce Babbitt, an opportunity to testify be-fore this committee, and to describe some of his concerns and some of his plans for the Department of Interior, and then to respond to questions from members of the committee."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Effects of Reservoirs on Flood Discharges in the Kansas and the Missouri River Basins, 1993

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  From the Abstract: "The floods of 1993 were of historic magnitude as water in the Missouri and the Mississippi Rivers reached levels that exceeded many of the previous observed maximums . Although large parts of the flood plains of both rivers upstream from St. Louis, Missouri, were inundated, water levels would have been even higher had it not been for the large volume of runoff retained in flood-control reservoirs . Most of the total floodcontrol storage available upstream from St. Louis is located along the main stem and tributaries of the Missouri River; the largest concentration of reservoirs is located within the Kansas River Basin. The Kansas River Basin accounts for about 10 percent (60,000 square miles) of the drainage area of the Missouri River Basin, and reservoirs control streamflow from 85 percent (50,840 square miles) of the drainage area of the Kansas River Basin. Analyses of flood discharges in the Kansas River indicate that reservoirs reduced flooding along the Kansas and the lower Missouri Rivers. Results of analyses of the 1993 flooding, which include total basin rainfall, peak discharge, and total flood volume on the Kansas River, are compared with analyses of the 1951 flood, which had a similar total volume but a substantially larger peak discharge."

  Geological Survey (U.S.)

  Perry, Charles A.

  1993
• American Indian Religious Freedom Act--Part I, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, February 23, 1993

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  This is the February 23, 1993 hearing on "American Indian Religious Freedom Act--Part I," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Bill Richardson: "Today we're conducting an oversight hearing on the Effectiveness of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. In 1978, Congress enacted the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in an effort to address the problems many Native Americans face in exercising their right to practice their religion. During the debate, Chairman Udall expressed his concern that the Act lacked teeth, and to the chagrin of many Native American religious leaders and practitioners, that quote has been repeated consistently in reference to the Act." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jerry Flute, Cedric Chavez, Francis B. Brown, John Sun Child, Sr., Al Scott Johnnie, Christopher H. Peters, Nora Garcia, Marshall Plummer, and Kina'u Boyd Kamali'i.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993