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Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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From the Document: "Underserved communities in the United States - including communities of color, disability communities, LGBTQI+ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex +] communities, women, rural communities, and communities experiencing persistent poverty and inequality - often face entrenched and persistent disparities in health outcomes and healthcare access. These disparities have been further exposed and exacerbated during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, which has had a disproportionate impact on underserved communities. HHS [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services] has a fundamental role to play in advancing health equity to ensure that every person in our nation can achieve their full potential and thrive. HHS believes it is incumbent on the agency to move urgently to assess and change policies, programs, and processes that the Department administers to concretely advance equity and that for these efforts to last, HHS must simultaneously shift the culture, resources, and approaches available to HHS staff to institutionalize and sustain a focus on equity over time. HHS will advance equity through strategies that build data capacity, expand stakeholder engagement, and increase our nation's understanding of the root causes of inequities."

United States. Department of Health and Human Services

2022-04-08?
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Energy

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From the Document: "DOE's [U.S. Department of Energy's] mission areas provide an opportunity to advance equity and justice across sectors. For low-income households grappling with issues of energy burden and energy insecurity, DOE's Weatherization Assistance Programs provide an opportunity for financial security. For colleges and universities, including Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), DOE funding provides critical supports to advance basic research. For businesses, including Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDBs), DOE contracting and acquisition can advance economic opportunity while helping DOE deliver on its mission. DOE is also a critical leader in the all-of-government approach to tackle the climate crisis and deliver on the Justice40 Initiative, which will ensure that 40 percent of the benefits of its clean energy, energy efficiency, and climate programs flow to underserved communities."

United States. Department of Energy

2022-04-08?
Will FEMA Recommend Public Assistance Following a Disaster? Proposed Rulemaking [Updated April 8, 2022]

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From the Document: "This Insight reviews the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) proposed rulemaking on assessing requests for Public Assistance (PA) for major disaster declarations under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act [hyperlink], P.L. 93-288, as amended). FEMA estimated that the rulemaking, if finalized, would significantly reduce PA obligations. The public comment period closed in April 2021. As of April 2022, FEMA reported to CRS [Congressional Research Service] that the agency's next action on the rule is undetermined, and that the 'does not expect to have a regulatory action' before December 10, 2022."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Lee, Erica A.

2022-04-08
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Commerce

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From the Document: "DOC's [U.S. Department of Commerce's] new mission statement acknowledges that global competitiveness and a healthy democracy require that all communities have an opportunity to participate in the 21st century economy. In short, inclusive growth is good economics. We fail to meet our full potential as a nation if we aren't investing in all communities, workers, inventors, and entrepreneurs. We must harness the talents and strengths of all parts of the country, including women, people of color, and others who are too often left behind. DOC has laid the foundation for programing and policies that will reach a larger and more diverse audience and address key barriers to economic success for historically underserved communities. DOC is committed to creating a more equitable and inclusive economy through actions across five pillars: Investments (by supporting entrepreneurs from underserved communities to nurture their companies at critical stages of development and growth); Capabilities and Knowledge Sharing (developing tools and resources for underserved entrepreneurs to successfully operate their companies); Opportunities (funding, training, and technical assistance programs and by establishing partnerships so that underrepresented groups can contribute to the emerging technologies space); People (ensuring that people and families can thrive in their communities by realizing gains from their participation in the economy); and Service Delivery (Department services that are data-driven and strengthened to meet the needs of underrepresented groups)."

United States. Department of Commerce

2022-04-08?
Equity Action Plan Summary: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

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From the Document: "For VA [U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs], equity means intentionally committing to consistent and systematic fair, just and impartial treatment of all individuals and a just distribution of tools and resources to give veterans, including veterans who are members of underserved communities, what is required to enjoy a full, healthy life. In the 73 years since President Truman desegregated the military in 1948--making discrimination on the basis of race illegal in the armed forces - many forms of inequity persist in American society. VA is not excluded from the systemic injustices and inequities that pervade American society. For example, GI [government issue] Bill and loan guaranty programs were instrumental in economic prosperity and access to homeownership for veterans in the postwar years, but many Black veterans lacked the same level of access. Additionally, exclusionary policies such as Don't Ask, Don't Tell affected LGBTQI+ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex +] service members and led to the involuntary separation and denial of benefits for many LGBTQI+ veterans. Other instances of inequities faced by underserved veterans include disparities in claim rejection rates, unequal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compensation rates, and address discipline and discharge disparities faced by underserved veterans."

United States. Department of Veterans Affairs

2022-04-08?
Equity Action Plan Summary: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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From the Document: "NASA stands poised to usher in a bold new era of discovery - preparing to return astronauts, including the first woman and first person of color, to the Moon and open the way for human exploration of Mars; launching new science missions to explore the depths of the universe; and working to enrich lives and protect resources on Earth. Yet, one of our biggest challenges lies here at home. As NASA ushers in the third great era of human space exploration, NASA also will take on a renewed challenge of advancing equity by working to recognize and overcome the visible and invisible systemic barriers that hinder equitable, inclusive access - by individuals or communities - to the government programs, resources, and opportunities that make all of NASA's work possible. To chart America's course in space, NASA must first embrace and empower the whole of our nation here at home. NASA will anchor equity as a core component in every mission to inspire a new, more inclusive generation. NASA will seize the opportunity to make limitless the potential of all Americans, and uphold the legacies of Katherine Johnson and Mary Jackson, of Sally Ride, Ronald McNair, Mae Jemison, and Soichi Noguchi, in all NASA's future endeavors."

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2022-04-08?
Equity Action Plan Summary: National Science Foundation

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From the Document: "To promote the progress of science and maintain our Nation's scientific leadership and global competitiveness, the United States must educate, train, and retain more scientists, engineers, and computer scientists. Historically, underrepresented and underserved communities are the largest untapped Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) talent pools in the U.S. As such, NSF [National Science Foundation] strives to encourage the full participation of all Americans and to remove barriers to their success. NSF will advance strategies to ensure all sectors of society have the opportunity to contribute to the scientific enterprise."

National Science Foundation (U.S.)

2022-04-08?
Department of Labor Equity Action Plan

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From the Executive Summary: "The U.S Department of Labor (DOL) is committed to improving the well-being of underserved, marginalized, and excluded communities, recognizing that by doing so we improve working conditions and economic opportunities for all workers. This document, submitted in response to Executive Order 13985 on Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities, summarizes key aspects of DOL's principles and approach to advancing equity. In subsequent sections, we detail five areas where DOL plans ambitious activity to support underserved communities, including through: (1) enforcement of wage and hour laws; (2) administering and improving the federal-state Unemployment Insurance system; (3) broadening access to DOL programs, services, and information for workers with limited English proficiency; (4) expanding sector-based training and employment strategies; and (5) diversifying the federal workforce by building new pathways into government apprenticeships."

United States. Department of Labor

2022-04-08?
Cybersecurity in Medical Devices: Quality System Considerations and Content of Premarket Submissions Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff: Draft Guidance

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From the Introduction: "With the increasing integration of wireless, Internet- and network- connected capabilities, portable media (e.g., USB [universal serial bus] or CD [compact disc]), and the frequent electronic exchange of medical device related health information, the need for robust cybersecurity controls to ensure medical device safety and effectiveness has become more important. In addition, cybersecurity threats to the healthcare sector have become more frequent and more severe, carrying increased potential for clinical impact. Cybersecurity incidents have rendered medical devices and hospital networks inoperable, disrupting the delivery of patient care across healthcare facilities in the U.S. and globally. Such cyber attacks and exploits may lead to patient harm as a result of clinical hazards, such as delay in diagnoses and/or treatment."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2022-04-08
Response to Congress: Navy's Waterborne Firefighting Capability

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From the Document: "Following the BHR [USS Bonhomme Richard] incident, where firefighting-equipped Navy tug boats were employed, the Navy has reinforced the importance of waterborne and airborne firefighting capability and has ensured both are incorporated into Navy installation emergency response plans. The Navy assesses that existing waterborne firefighting capability and capacity is sufficient and there is no requirement for dedicated fire boats to support shipboard firefighting requirements. [...] As stated, Navy tug boats have inherent firefighting capabilities. Since the BHR incident, Commander, Navy Installations Command issued a directive (enclosure 1) to ensure that Navy installation emergency response plan functional area annexes and major shipboard fire hazard specific appendices include tug boat firefighting capabilities."

United States. Department of the Navy

2022-04-08
Comprehensive Healthcare Inspection of Facilities' COVID-19 Pandemic Readiness and Response in Veterans Integrated Service Networks 2, 5, and 6

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From the Report Overview: "This Office of Inspector General (OIG) Comprehensive Healthcare Inspection Program (CHIP) report examines key clinical and administrative processes that are associated with promoting quality care. Comprehensive healthcare inspections are one element of the OIG's overall efforts to ensure that the nation's veterans receive high-quality and timely VA [Veterans Affairs] healthcare services. The inspections are performed approximately every three years for each medical facility. The OIG selects and evaluates specific areas of focus each year. Starting in July 2020, the OIG added pandemic readiness and response as an issue for examination. CHIP staff have aggregated findings that relate to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] readiness and response from these routine inspections to ensure that the information is provided in a comprehensive manner, given the constantly changing landscape as infection rates and demands on facilities continually shift. To promote this objective, CHIP staff have combined the findings of inspected medical facilities by Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISNs), which are regional systems that provide oversight of medical centers in their area.1 This report is the fourth in a series. It provides a descriptive evaluation of VISN 2, 5, and 6 facility responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This examination is based on findings from healthcare inspections performed during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2021 (April 1 through September 30, 2021). The report also provides a more recent snapshot of the pandemic's demands on facility operations based on data compiled as of September 2021. Additionally, it includes information on COVID-19 vaccination efforts, based on a review of VA's vaccination statistics as of September 29, 2021."

United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. Office of Inspector General

2022-04-07
EMR-ISAC: Infogram, Volume 22 Issue 14, April 7, 2022

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The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "USFA [United States Fire Administration] releases Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2020"; "DIY [do it yourself] tech for bomb technicians' X-ray generator batteries from DHS S&T [Science and Technology Directorate]"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] kicks of [sic] its inaugural Emergency Communications Month"; "Webinar: Preventing DNS [Domain Name System] Infrastructure Tampering"; "These ten hacking groups have been targeting critical infrastructure and energy"; "Spring4Shell flaw: Here's why it matters, and what you should do about it"; "Breach reports show diversity of healthcare cyber targets"; and "State Department launches cyber bureau amid rising global tensions."

Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)

2022-04-07
Provider Relief Fund: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Summary: "The Provider Relief Fund (PRF) was established in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136) to reimburse, through grants or other mechanisms, eligible health care providers for increased expenses or lost revenue attributable to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The CARES Act provided $100 billion to prevent, prepare for and respond to coronavirus, domestically and internationally. The amounts were subsequently increased by $78 billion, with $75 billion added in the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPPHCEA, P.L. 116-139) and $3 billion in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116- 260). The latter was the first time the Provider Relief Fund was referred to in statute and required changes to the fund's reporting requirements and requirements for future fund allocations. The answers to the frequently asked questions (FAQs) in this report provide overview information on the PRF, how funds have been allocated, and the fund's requirements for provider reporting. In addition, this report describes the use of the PRF to pay providers for providing COVID-19 testing, treatment, and vaccines to uninsured individuals and the use of the fund to pay providers for costs associated with vaccinating individuals who are underinsured (e.g., who do not have insurance that covers vaccine administration)."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Heisler, Elayne J., 1976-

2022-04-07
Sexual Harassment and Assault at School: Divergence Among Federal Courts Regarding Liability [April 7, 2022]

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From the Document: "Under Title IX [hyperlink] of the Education Amendments of 1972 (Title IX), schools that receive federal financial assistance are liable for a 'deliberately indifferent' response to the sexual harassment and assault of students by teachers, as well as by fellow students in certain circumstances. While this standard is a stringent [hyperlink] one to meet, federal courts have not applied it uniformly. In particular, federal courts of appeals have taken diverging [hyperlink] positions over whether [hyperlink] a school's insufficient response to a single incident of student-on-student harassment itself can establish liability under Title IX, or whether further incidents of harassment are required in order for liability to attach. This disagreement turns, at least in part, on language in Supreme Court decisions [hyperlink] establishing the general parameters of school liability for sexual harassment under Title IX, as well as the interpretation of legislation enacted pursuant to Congress's spending power [hyperlink] under the Constitution."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Cole, Jared P.

2022-04-07
U.S.-Singapore Relations [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Overview: "Though geographically only about three times the size of Washington, DC, and with a population of about 5.9 million, the city-state of Singapore exerts economic and diplomatic influence on par with much larger countries. Its stable government, strong economic performance, educated citizenry, and strategic position along key shipping lanes afford it a large role in regional and global affairs. For the United States, Singapore has been a partner in both trade and security initiatives and an advocate of a strong U.S. role in the Asia-Pacific region. At the same time, Singapore's leaders have aimed to maintain close relations with China, and to maintain positive ties with all regional powers. [...] Although not a U.S. treaty ally, Singapore is one of the strongest U.S. security partners in the region. A formal strategic partnership agreement allows the United States to access Singaporean military facilities and promotes cooperation on issues ranging from counterterrorism to counter-proliferation."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Dolven, Ben; Chanlett-Avery, Emma

2022-04-07
U.S.-Mexico Security Cooperation: From the Mérida Initiative to the Bicentennial Framework [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Document: "In recent years, escalating violence in Mexico and drug overdose deaths in the United States have led Congress to question the efficacy of U.S.-Mexican security cooperation. Homicides in Mexico reached record levels from 2016 to 2019, followed by a slight decline during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since 2019, Mexico has replaced China as the primary U.S. supplier of synthetic opioids, which cause a majority of U.S. drug overdoses. As Congress deliberates on the future of U.S.-Mexican security cooperation, it may reevaluate the Mérida Initiative, including implementation of security and rule-of-law initiatives supported by $3.5 billion in congressional appropriations. It also may assess the Biden Administration's FY2023 budget request to support the new U.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Heath, and Safe Communities."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Seelke, Clare Ribando

2022-04-07
U.S. Border Patrol Encounters at the Southwest Border: Titles 8 & 42 [April 7, 2022] [infographic]

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From the Document: "When the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) encounters a migrant entering illegally between ports of entry, they are processed for removal under Title 8 (immigration law) and asked whether they fear persecution or intend to seek asylum. However, at the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an order requiring USBP to use an additional procedure at the border under Title 42 (public health code). The policy prohibits the entry of certain migrants to prevent the introduction of COVID-19 into border facilities and the United States. Individuals subject to the order are not held in congregate areas for processing and not given a credible fear interview to pursue the asylum process. Instead they are swiftly expelled to Mexico or their counties of origin. The focus of this infographic is on the Southwest border; migrants arriving at the Northern border between ports of entry are subject to the same processes but make up a small share of total USBP encounters."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Singer, Audrey

2022-04-07
Hungary's 2022 Election: Issues for Congress [April 7, 2022]

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From the Document: "Hungary's parliamentary election on April 3, 2022, resulted in a victory for the incumbent Fidesz party, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. Fidesz defeated a six-party alliance of opposition parties, winning [hyperlink] 53.1% of the popular vote and 135 out of 199 seats in Hungary's unicameral parliament. The conservative-nationalist Fidesz has won the past four Hungarian elections, each with a two-thirds parliamentary supermajority, and has led the government of Hungary since 2010. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe concluded [hyperlink] that the 2022 election was well-managed but was conducted on an uneven playing field due to overlap between state and party and the dominance of pro-government media. Orbán's renewed leadership likely signifies continued tensions between Hungary and the rest of the European Union (EU), as well as the United States, over various issues."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Mix, Derek E.

2022-04-07
Indonesia [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Overview: "With over 270 million citizens, Indonesia is the most populous country in Southeast Asia, the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, and the world's third-largest democracy (after India and the United States). It has the world's 16th-largest economy and the 10th-largest when ranked by purchasing power parity. It straddles important sea lanes and borders the Strait of Malacca, one of the world's busiest trade routes, as well as the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Over the past two decades, Indonesia has become a robust democracy, holding four direct presidential elections, each considered by international observers to have been largely free and fair. In the most recent, held in April 2019, President Joko Widodo was reelected to a second five-year term. The U.S.-Indonesia relationship has broadened in recent years, with closer military and counterterrorism cooperation and a range of new educational, environmental, and energy initiatives that were initiated in the Obama Administration. However, Indonesia's foreign policy is guided by its historical role as a leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, and successive Indonesian governments have bristled at the notion of aligning too closely with the United States or with others, including China."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Dolven, Ben

2022-04-07
FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "When a disaster occurs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may assist individuals with their recovery when the Individual Assistance (IA) program is authorized pursuant to a presidential declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; P.L. [Public Law] 93-288, as amended; 42 U.S.C. [United States Code] §§5121 et seq.). This report provides brief descriptions of the IA categories authorized under the Stafford Act, including the Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP); Disaster Case Management (DCM), Disaster Legal Services (DLS); Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); and assistance for housing and/or other needs (referred to as other needs assistance or ONA) through the Individuals and Households Program (IHP). Also included is a brief overview of Mass Care and Emergency Assistance (MC/EA)."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Webster, Elizabeth M.

2022-04-07
Evolution of Marijuana as a Controlled Substance and the Federal-State Policy Gap [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "This report provides an historical background on federal marijuana policy; an overview of state trends with respect to marijuana decriminalization and legalization, for both medical and recreational uses; and an analysis of the gap between federal and state marijuana law and policy and certain implications and consequences of the gap. It reviews federalism and federal authority to preempt state marijuana laws and analyzes relevant issues for federal law enforcement and the consequences of state marijuana legalization. The report also outlines a number of related policy questions and options that Congress may consider, including federal tax treatment of marijuana, financial services for marijuana businesses, the medical nature of cannabis, oversight of federal law enforcement, evaluation of marijuana as a Schedule I controlled substance, and some options for addressing the gap."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Sacco, Lisa N.

2022-04-07
Contested Deployment

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From the Foreword: "This study, undertaken in 2018 for an integrated research project headed by the Homeland Defense and Security Issues Group of the Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, contributes to the thinking that will be required to prepare US forces--and, especially, the US Army--for 'contested deployment.' While acknowledging a broad swath of issue areas, the study focuses predominantly on physical infrastructure issues that will impact the ability of the United States to mobilize, deploy, employ, and sustain its forces. While the study's findings and recommendations are not always intuitive when compared to effective business practices, they promote a necessary redundancy made urgent by the threat of determined nation-state opponents or their proxies."

Army War College (U.S.)

Tussing, Bert B.; Powell, John Eric; Leitzel, Benjamin

2022-04-07
Global Human Rights: International Religious Freedom Policy [Updated April 7, 2022]

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From the Document: "For decades, U.S. policymakers have sought to promote religious freedom abroad, reflecting both a prioritization of human rights in U.S. foreign policy generally as well as an emphasis on religious freedom in U.S. domestic law and political culture. Protection of religious freedom is also affirmed in international law through the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and other instruments. Congress has sought to ensure continued support for religious freedom as a focus of U.S. foreign policy, most prominently through passage of the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. [...] The IRF [international religious freedom] report, which is statutorily required by May 1 each year, covers developments in each foreign country during the prior calendar year and includes information on the status of religious freedom, violations of religious freedom, and relevant U.S. policies. The IRF report is the official U.S. government account of religious freedom conditions abroad, and is a primary information source for the executive branch's 'country of particular concern' designations."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weber, Michael A.

2022-04-07
H. Doc. 117-106: Prohibiting New Investment in and Certain Services to the Russian Federation in Response to Continued Russian Federation Aggression, April 07, 2022

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From the Document: "Pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act [...], the National Emergencies Act [...], and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby report that I have issued an Executive Order in order to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024 of April 15, 2021, with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States posed by specified harmful foreign activities of the Government of the Russian Federation. The order prohibits the following: (i) new investment in the Russian Federation by a United States person, wherever located; (ii) the exportation, re-exportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any category of services as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to any person located in the Russian Federation; and (iii) any approval, financing, facilitation, or guarantee by a United States person, wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person where the transaction by that foreign person would be prohibited by this section if performed by a United States person or within the United States. I am enclosing a copy of the Executive Order I have issued."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2022-04-07
Fact Sheet: U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine [April 7, 2022]

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From the Document: "The security assistance the Biden Administration is providing to Ukraine is enabling critical success on the battlefield against the Russian invading force. [1] The Administration is working around the clock to fulfill Ukraine's priority security assistance requests, delivering weapons from U.S. stocks when they are available, and facilitating the delivery of weapons by allies and partners when their systems better suit Ukraine's needs. [...] [2] The Administration is continuing to work with allies and partners to identify additional weapons systems to help the Ukrainian military defend its country. [...] [3] On April 5, the Administration announced an additional $100 million in security assistance to Ukraine through Presidential Drawdown Authority. The Administration also announced $300 million in security assistance on April 1 under authorities provided by the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative. [4] These announcements bring the U.S. commitment to more than $1.7 billion in security assistance since Russia's February 24 invasion, and $2.4 billion since the beginning of the Administration."

United States. Department of Defense

2022-04-07
Women in National Governments Around the Globe: Fact Sheet [Updated April 6, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "Women and girls make up half of the world's population; however, in most countries, women are underrepresented in the political process at the national level. Possible causes include discriminatory laws and practices, gender stereotypes, low levels of education, lack of access to health care, and the disproportionate effect of poverty on women. Many experts, including some U.S. policymakers and Members of Congress, have found that women's political participation, including representation in elected governments, contributes to the overall well-being of women and their communities. [...] This report provides a global snapshot of women's political participation in national governments worldwide by compiling statistics and other information from a variety of sources, including the annual 'Global Gender Gap Report' issued by the World Economic Forum, the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, the CIA 'World Factbook', news reports, and other sources."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Chesser, Susan G.

2022-04-06
Executive Order 14071: Prohibiting New Investment in and Certain Services to the Russian Federation in Response to Continued Russian Federation Aggression

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From the Document: "I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, in order to take additional steps with respect to the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14024 of April 15, 2021, expanded by Executive Order 14066 of March 8, 2022, and relied on for additional steps taken in Executive Order 14039 of August 20, 2021, and Executive Order 14068 of March 11, 2022, hereby order: Section 1. (a) The following are prohibited: (i) new investment in the Russian Federation by a United States person, wherever located; (ii) the exportation, reexportation, sale, or supply, directly or indirectly, from the United States, or by a United States person, wherever located, of any category of services as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to any person located in the Russian Federation; and (iii) any approval, financing, facilitation, or guarantee by a United States person, wherever located, of a transaction by a foreign person where the transaction by that foreign person would be prohibited by this section if performed by a United States person or within the United States. (b) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or license or permit granted prior to the date of this order."

United States. Office of the Federal Register

Biden, Joseph R., Jr.

2022-04-06
SEVIS by the Numbers: Annual Report on International Student Trends

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From the Document: "The Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) [hyperlink] is part of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations within the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). SEVP manages the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) [hyperlink], the web-based system DHS uses to maintain and manage information on nonimmigrant students whose primary purpose for coming to the United States is to study. [...] SEVIS by the Numbers is an annual report that highlights key SEVIS data. The data illustrates trends, values and information specifically on F and M international students studying in the United States. The report includes the following sections: [1] STUDENTS [hyperlink] - Data on international students who come to the United States to study. -[2] SCHOOLS [hyperlink] - Data on SEVP-certified schools that enroll international students in the United States. [3] STATES AND TERRITORIES [hyperlink] - Data about international student demographics within individual U.S. states and territories. This SEVIS by the Numbers report uses SEVIS data from calendar year 2021 and compares it to data from calendar year 2020. This report can also be compared to calendar year data in the SEVP Data Library on ICE.gov [hyperlink] as well as the 2020 SEVIS by the Numbers report [hyperlink]."

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

2022-04-06?
H. Rept. 117-290: Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 3807) to Amend the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to Increase Appropriations to the Restaurant Revitalization Fund, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany H. Res. 1033, April 6, 2022

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From the Summary of Provisions of the Resolution: "The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 3807, the Relief for Restaurants and other Hard Hit Small Businesses Act of 2022, under a closed rule. The resolution provides one hour of debate equally divided and controlled by the chair and ranking minority member of the Committee on Small Business or their designees. The resolution waives all points of order against consideration of the bill. The resolution provides that an amendment in the nature of a substitute consisting of the text of Rules Committee Print 117- 39, modified by the amendment printed in this report, shall be considered as adopted and the bill, as amended, shall be considered as read. The resolution waives all points of order against provisions in the bill, as amended. The resolution provides one motion to recommit."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2022-04-06
Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Actions Urgently Needed to Better Protect the Nation's Critical Infrastructure, Statement of Tina Won Sherman, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Infrastructure Protection, and Innovation, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives

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From the Highlights: "The nation's critical infrastructure consists of physical and cyber assets and systems that are vital to the United States. Their incapacity or destruction could have a debilitating impact on security, national public health and safety, or national economic security. Critical infrastructure provides the essential functions--such as supplying water, generating energy, and producing food--that underpin American society. Protecting this infrastructure is a national security priority. GAO [Government Accountability Office] first designated information security as a government-wide high-risk area in 1997. This was expanded to include protecting (1) cyber critical infrastructure in 2003 and (2) the privacy of personally identifiable information in 2015."

United States. Government Accountability Office

Sherman, Tina Won

2022-04-06

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