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Study of Applying the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability to Nuclear Power Plants
From the thesis project proposal: "Each utility licensee for a nuclear power reactor is required to minimize the adverse effects from an accidental radionuclide release into the atmosphere. In the past the ability to forecast quantitatively the extent of the hazard from such a release has been limited. Now powerful atmospheric modeling techniques are available to assist nuclear reactor site officials with greatly improved assessments. [...] The purpose of this project is to examine the ways and means of adapting ARAC [Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability] for application to many nuclear power reactors widely dispersed across the nation. The project will emphasise the management aspects, including government-industry relationships, technology transfer, organizational structure, staffing, implementing procedures and costs. Benefits and costs for several alternative systems will be compared. The following questions will be addressed: 1. Can ARAC technology developed at LLL [Lawrence Livermore Laboratory] be successfully transferred for broad application to the nuclear power industry? 2. Who should operate the ARAC central facility? ?. 3. What organization and staffing is needed for a fully operating central facility? 4. What is required to establish ARAC at a utility site? 5. What are the costs and benefits associated with the several ARAC options to service a large number of nuclear power plants?"
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Orphan, Richard C.
1978-06-05
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'Strategic Corporal,' 2025: Operationalizing Small-Unit Leaders for Theater-Level Operations
From the thesis abstract: "In the future, the Marine Corps will retain its core competencies delineated under Title X, U.S. Code, which provide America with an expeditionary force in readiness. It must remain the force that is 'the most ready when the nation is the least ready.' That being said, the 2006 National Security Strategy and Quadrennial Defense Review emphasize the conduct of activities that foster relationships among U.S. friends and partners, and create conditions inhospitable to terrorism and rogue regimes. Despite the establishment of the Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC) and its Marine Special Operations Advisory Group in 2006, the Marine Corps can and must do more to strengthen its capability to reinforce the U.S. Special Operations Command's (USSOCOM) ability to build partner capacity through security cooperation (SC), security assistance (SA), and FID [Foreign Internal Defense] missions. The Corps must develop a comprehensive plan to train, equip, and resource its small-unit leaders' abilities to actively participate in specific SC/SA/FID missions in the future. By selecting qualified company grade and noncommissioned officers, equipping them with advanced technologies, cultural awareness training, adequate operational authority, and real-time subject-matter expertise reach back, the Marine Corps has the ability to significantly enhance the Nation's ability to conduct SC/SA/FID missions."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Morris, Jason L.
2008
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Future of Marine Civil Affairs
From the thesis abstract: "The Marine Corps' role in fighting the global war on terrorism involves the extensive conduct of civil military operations (CMO). However, current shortfalls in the Corps' approach to Civil Affairs (CA) force structure and to CMO education, training, and employment impede its ability to use these operations to their greatest effect. The author proposes solutions to these shortfalls which would result in the establishment of a cadre of active duty civil affairs Marines, the implementation of a formal training program for CA personnel, the integration of CMO into the Marine Corps' resident schools and the use of planning procedures that focus on CMO as a line of operation. US military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq and the Horn of Africa involve extensive interaction with the local populations. Reports from the field emphasize the importance of civil military operations in obtaining operational goals. Shortfalls and recommended solutions are discussed under the headings of Structure, Training, Education and Employment."
Marine Corps University (U.S.). School of Advanced Warfighting
Milburn, Andrew R.
2006-04-03
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Partnership for Peace: What's Next for NATO?
From the thesis abstract: "The Partnership for Peace (PFP) is a significant step forward in solving a dilemma that NATO has been struggling with since the end of the Cold War. That dilemma has been whether to expand or not. It appears the Alliance has accepted, in principle, that PFP will lead to NATO expansion. However, it is still unclear exactly how and when the expansion will take place. Even more unclear is who will be accepted as a member, and who will not. The five objectives of PFP are as follows: (1) facilitation of transparency in national defense planning and budgeting processes; (2) ensuring democratic control of defense forces; (3) maintenance of the capability and readiness to contribute, subject to constitutional considerations, to operations under the authority of the United Nations and/or the responsibility of the CSCE [Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe]; (4) the development of cooperative military relations with NATO for the purpose of joint planning, training, and exercises to strengthen their ability to undertake missions in the fields of peacekeeping, search and rescue, humanitarian operations, and others as may be agreed upon; and (5) the development, over the long term, of forces that are better able to operate with those of the members of the North Atlantic Alliance. This essay looks at the future of NATO, now that it has endorsed PFP, and discusses how it must adjust to the changing conditions throughout Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The essay examines how NATO has changed since the Cold War; analyzes the specifics of the PFP Framework Document; reviews the advantages and disadvantages of PFP; provides suggestions on how the Alliance should implement PFP, including clear criteria for PFP members who want to join NATO and timelines for doing so; proposes a blueprint for the United States' role in an orderly and meaningful expansion of NATO; and discusses how extending NATO membership to Eastern Europe could affect the placement of U.S. soldiers in Europe and U.S. military strategy."
National War College (U.S.)
Hayes, Timothy W.
1994
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Performance-Based Logistics
From the thesis abstract: "This paper reviews the Executive Branch's support for the transformation of logistics. It analyzes the guidance of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics concerning the implementation of performance-based logistics (PBL). It describes the process for implementing PBL assesses PBL's capability to improve and sustain weapon systems readiness and notes the military services concepts for implementing PBL. It describes relationships pertaining to PBL among military services defense activities industrial bases suppliers and manufacturers. Finally it describes how the Defense Logistics Agency plans to implement PBL and speculates on PBL's impact on the services."
Army War College (U.S.)
Claiborne, Bobby L.
2004-03-19
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Terrorism and the Communication Utilities: A National Security Concern?
From the thesis abstract: "Increasing international terrorist incidents, with Americans as the focal point, and the seemingly changing image of the Soviet Union could create an atmosphere conducive to domestic terrorism within the United States. This paper will explore the potential capabilities of terrorist groups. Then it will examine three past communication disasters in an attempt to determine if terrorism is a domestic threat, or specifically if the loss of a major communication facility is a threat to national security. Each disaster happened independently of the others. This study takes the results of these accidents and postulates the effects of similar levels of damage caused by a concerted terrorist action. Analysis of pre- and post responses provides a foundation for recommendations for dealing with terrorist threat."
Army War College (U.S.)
Green, Linwood G., Jr.
1989-02-23
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Train Our Pilots
From the thesis abstract: "Marine heavy helicopter squadron commanding officers receive no training and have little incentive to maintain their aircraft for future generations of Marine aviation. A Squadron Commander's operational success vice the material condition of his aircraft is the general metric by which his performance is reviewed. Operational readiness and material condition, while often linked, are not equivalent. In addition, the brevity of a Squadron Commander's tour evokes no incentive for him to maintain the long-term health of his aircraft. The data systems used to track and record aviation maintenance are complex, and there is currently no requirement for a commanding officer to learn these systems or how they can be fouled. Without an understanding of how the data are generated and what the common errors in interpretation are, the commander cannot make an accurate assessment of his maintenance department's performance. As the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) continues to draw operational commitments, senior leaders are placing more pressure on squadron commanding officers to achieve the mission. To balance preservation of the Marine Corps' heavy lift helicopters against mission accomplishment, Marine pilots who are responsible for the work in their maintenance departments need training in maintenance and maintenance data systems. This training would educate the younger pilots, who have a vested interest in the longevity of the aircraft, on how to evaluate their maintenance department's performance. Training the Assistant Aircraft Maintenance Officer and Quality Assurance Officer will lead to an improvement in the material condition of the aircraft because it will train them to understand and interpret where their squadron is falling short according to data generated within the maintenance department."
Marine Corps Combat Development Command
McLearen, W. R.
2006-02
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Determining a Relationship Between Foreign News Media Reports Covering U.S. Military Events and Network Incidents Against DoD Networks
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis explores the nature of the relationship between foreign news media and network incidents against DoD networks. A rank correlation was performed between the number of network incidents against DoD networks and foreign news media reports covering U.S. Military events. Further analysis was conducted to determine the key terms used in the contents of foreign news media reports for the months the reports were significantly correlated with network incidents. Several significant correlations were found between various combinations of regions and categories of network incidents. However, the correlations were only moderate and the key terms only led to a slightly better understanding of such relationships."
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.). Graduate School of Engineering and Management
Jaros, Jason D.
2005-03
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Korean Spring? An Analysis of the Arab Spring and Its Relevance for North Korea
From the thesis abstract: "In December 2010, spontaneous protests began in Tunisia following the self-immolation of a Tunisian citizen, who was upset after having his vegetable cart seized by Tunisian police. Wide spread demonstrations followed in the capital city of Tunis. Quickly the protests and demonstrations spread to Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya and Syria. The series of uprisings came to be known as the 'Arab Spring.' The civil uprisings resulted in the downfall of autocratic leaders throughout the Middle East and North Africa. On the other side of the globe, North Korea has taken notice of the Arab Spring. North Korea is undergoing a transition following the death of Kim Jong II. This research thesis analyzed the conditions that existed during the Arab Spring in Egypt, Libya and Syria and applies that analysis to North Korea to determine the possibility of a 'Korean Spring' revolution."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Toolan, Brendan
2012-06-08
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Democratic Security and Defense Policy: A Successful Counterinsurgency Model
From the thesis abstract: "The FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) reached its highest point in military capabilities by 1998. In 2002, this insurgent group was a threat to the Colombian political system. The government of Alvaro Uribe designed and implemented the Democratic Security and Defense Policy (DSDP). After eight years of application, the DSDP was successful in reducing the FARC political and military capabilities to a point where today, the FARC is still a threat to the country's security, but its chances of changing the political system has disappeared. Two aspects made the policy successful: first, the design of the DSDP, which adapted different Counterinsurgency (COIN) principles to the Colombian environment; and second, the implementation of the DSDP, which includes the unique leadership style of Uribe, the creation of an interagency organization, the development of special operations capabilities, the periodic publicity of statistics and achievements, and the long-term application. The policy had some downsides as well; which when analyzed with the above factors valuable lessons are offered which can contribute to improving the ongoing COIN strategy in Colombia. Furthermore, it can serve as a base model for implementation in other regions of the world."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Mateus, Juvenal Diaz
2012-06-08
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Defeating Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: The Range of Military Operations in Mexico
From the thesis abstract: "Drug Trafficking Organizations within Mexico have become a challenge to the state and are affecting both Mexican and U.S. citizens within the U.S. and Mexico border region. As the situation continues to spiral out of control, the U.S. military, with approval of the Mexican government, may need to conduct operations within Northern Mexico to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize the region. As the full range of military operations have been conducted within Afghanistan, this study explores those military operations and their applicability to defeating drug trafficking organizations within Northern Mexico. Through operational design, the primary conclusion drawn is that there is no single military operation that should be conducted. Rather, the U.S. military operations that can be employed to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize Northern Mexico are a combination of security cooperation, limited contingency operations, and major operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Wade, Mark J.
2012-06-08
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How Will Emerging Aerial Surveillance and Detection Technology Contribute to the Mission of U.S. Customs and Border Protection
From the thesis abstract: "As the United States (U.S) establishes better control of the border, traffickers and smugglers continue to develop advanced methods and employ new tactics to counter enforcement technology. Investigating how emerging technologies in aerial surveillance and detection (AS&D) might be applied to border security and the potential implications of fielding such technology by Customs and Border Protection (CBP), will provide a foundation for countering this evolving threat. This thesis examines possible contributions of such technology to the mission of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Reyes, Rafael Jr.,
2012-06-08
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Law of Force or the Force of Law: Does Following the Rule of Law Assist Security Forces in Defeating an Armed Insurgency
From the thesis abstract: "Does following the rule of law assist security forces in defeating an armed insurgency? If so, what factors assist or prevent security forces from conducting operations in accordance with rule of law principles? Counterinsurgency literature and U.S. Army doctrine favor a population-centric approach to counterinsurgency, of which the primary objective is controlling the population. Both insurgent and counterinsurgent have two instruments in the struggle for control and support of the populace: a credible power to coerce and popular perceptions of legitimacy. I examine the theoretical basis of counterinsurgency and the rule of law, and find that adherence to the rule of law is a major factor supporting these two instruments. Thus, I conclude that following the rule of law assists security forces in defeating an armed insurgency. Given this conclusion, it follows intuitively that foreign and host nation security forces conducting counterinsurgency operations would conduct operations in accordance with the rule of law. Yet, we know empirically that security forces often do not. I identify several hidden causal factors act that influence security forces to conduct operations that both support and conflict with rule of law principles. I describe these factors and categorize them by causal logic, e.g., institutional, structural, ideational, and psychological. My findings imply that security forces must follow the rule of law and that commanders must consider these complex causal influences during the planning and conduct of operations in order to better conduct counterinsurgency operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Ranieri, Steven M.
2012-06-08
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Intelligence Collection: Supporting Full Spectrum Dominance and Network Centric Warfare?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines whether the Army's information collection efforts are supporting the goal of full spectrum dominance and whether these are in harmony with the concepts of network centric warfare. Full spectrum dominance and network centric warfare are central themes in Department of Defense and Army transformation literature and both require information collection and an understanding of the role of cognition empowered by networking for success. More specifically, it examines whether Army collection efforts are focusing too heavily on collection for combat operations and leaving it unable to fully exploit the access to adversary systems during stability operations. This study found that the institutional Army is not fully supporting the goal of full spectrum dominance or network centric warfare but is still myopically investing heavily in efforts to defeat the adversary's conventional capabilities with standoff collection technology and is not creating the organizational, systems and technical architectures necessary to leverage the power of a fully networked force."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Moses, Bruce D.
2004-03-26
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Cutting the Army's Umbilical Cord: A Study of Emerging Fuel Technologies and their Impact on National Security
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. dependence on foreign oil is a national security concern. The Department of Defense is the largest federal government consumer of oil and the Army plays a significant role in reducing consumption. To do this, the Army must reduce fuel consumption at U.S. installations but most importantly, at deployed locations. Improving the efficiency and decreasing consumption of sustainment platforms, the largest battlefield consumers of fuel, became an Army priority during Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. This new focus on emerging fuel technologies has the potential to decrease the logistical requirements in theater, reduce the budget outlays for fuel, and reduce risk for soldiers. In order to validate these claims, this monograph analyzes three case studies. The three emerging fuel technologies evaluated are microgrids, solar and wind power generators, and hybrid-electric tactical wheeled vehicles. The method used in the case studies is to replace an inefficient existing technology with the new one and calculate fuel savings, cost savings, risk reduction, and casualty reduction. The data collected from the analysis of these case studies draw some eye opening conclusions. Most significant is the number of tankers removed from the roads in one-year, which approaches 3,000, corresponding to close to 6,000 soldiers no longer needed in theater to deliver fuel. This decrease of soldiers leads to four soldiers who might have avoided death, in Iraq in 2007. Because of these findings, this monograph asserts that the Army use an enterprise approach at developing and implementing emerging fuel technologies in order to decrease fuel cost and risk to soldiers."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Price, Matthew A.
2011-07-15
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Achieving Homeland Security in a Time of Diminishing Resources
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis endeavored to determine if the current organization of the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) best achieves homeland security in a time of diminishing resources. The growing threat to national security posed by the burgeoning federal debt has resulted in budget cuts across all government agencies. The forecasted budget reductions provide increased motivation to ensure the highest benefit is received from the resources allocated. The goal of this study was to identify the areas in which the current organization of DoD and DHS did not best achieve the four goals of homeland security as outlined in the 'National Strategy for Homeland Security'. The results indicated that the current organization of DoD and DHS, with respect to homeland security, does not best achieve homeland security in a time of diminishing resources."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Woodward, Jason T.
2012-06-08
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Motorcade Showdown
From the Thesis Abstract: "Motorcade Showdown is a wargame modeling motorcade operations in order to teach the fundamentals of the protection and disruption of motorcade movements. In this game, players can experience motorcade operations from the perspective of both the protection cell and also the disruption cell. It exercises the players' ability to make accurate decisions to facilitate delivering the principal safely to the venue, and aids in learning the cause and effect relationship of planning routes incorrectly, failing to anticipate potential threats, and reacting inappropriately to obstacles or dangers. It enhances an individual's critical decision-making abilities concerning basic motorcade skills, and understanding of adversary operations, in order to prevent incorrect choices during the conduct of motorcade operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Miller, William L.
2019-06-14
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Supporting and Enabling: Air-Land Cross-Domain Lessons from Major Conflicts
From the Thesis Abstract: "Current and forthcoming US military concepts stress the need for integrating and synchronizing effects across all domains to achieve cross-domain synergy. This thesis examines three case studies to determine the effectiveness and means by which militaries synchronized airpower and land power during large-scale combat between peer competitors. Since the American and British experiences in World War II and Desert Storm are already well researched in US academia, research focused on Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II as well as the Israeli Defense Forces in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. For each case study, the author presents the operational theory underpinning the studied military's conduct, a background of the campaign, a conclusion regarding overall effectiveness, and a thorough discussion of the command and control mechanisms used. The final chapter puts forth six distinct lessons the US should consider when developing systems and perceptions for Multi-Domain or All-Domain Operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Brady, E. Aaron
2019-06-14
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Navigating Dangerous Shoals: Finding Equilibrium in Cambodia's Relationships with China and the United States
From the Thesis Abstract: "China's increasing geopolitical, military, economic, and social sphere of influence, both regionally and globally, imposes a challenge for Cambodia whether or not to become pro-China, pro-U.S, or remain neutral. While the U.S's foreign policy of pivot to Asia appears to establish reassurance for some allied nations, it, nevertheless, further complicates the geopolitics of Asia Pacific. Despite the claim of the so-called 'Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,' China's rise is increasingly pressuring these regional countries to choose side. As an independent state and a member of ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations], Cambodia is struggling to define its own identity and best safeguard its national interests under the pressures of both sides, given its past history with these two powers. This paper uses qualitative methodology research with the three main assessing criteria, feasibility, acceptability, and suitability, to assess the relationship between China and Cambodia. The paper will scrutinize how China's utilization of economic instrument of national power to shape Cambodia's developmental path."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Chhon, Borey
2019-06-14
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Do Lessons Learned from Past Security Force Assistance Missions Validate the Creation of the United States Army's Current Security Force Assistance Brigades?
From the Thesis Abstract: "While the revised US Army Doctrine Reference Publication 3-0, Operations, and associated Field Manual shift the Army's focus to preparing for large-scale combat operations against a near-peer threat, security force assistance operations continue to be vital to promote regional United States interests. The Army created security force assistance brigades to relieve brigade combat teams from performing security cooperation operations. These much smaller regionally aligned advisor units will be challenged to fulfill the intense theater requirements for security force assistance operations. Brigade combat teams will continue to have to execute security force assistance and should synchronize their efforts with regionally aligned advisor units to meet the needs of combatant commanders. The case studies from past security force assistance operations in China during WWII and in Korea during the Korean War validate the Army's creation of the security force assistance brigades. These case studies will also highlight lessons learned that apply to today's security force assistance brigades."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Amador, Ernesto D., III
2019-06-14
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Future of the Republic of Korea-United States Alliance
From the Thesis Abstract: "The ROK [Republic of Korea]-US Alliance has demonstrated incredible resoluteness since its inception in 1953. It survived calls for a reduction in US combat power from President's Nixon and Carter. It responded to Secretary Rumsfeld's need to deploy US forces from the Korean Peninsula to the Middle East. It adapted to President Bush's nuclear weapons withdrawal. All of this has demonstrated the ability of the Alliance to adapt to changing military and geo-political conditions or risk becoming obsolete. This work explores a future scenario where the two Koreas are not at war and the Alliance must again adapt. This paper proposes that the Alliance be re-framed as a ROK-US integrated command tasked with a larger regional security role outside the Korean Peninsula."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Courter, David A.
2019-06-14
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Calculated Audacity: Case Studies of Special Operations During Large Scale Combat Operations
From the Thesis Abstract: "During the Global War on Terror, the United States relied heavily on Special Operations in order to achieve operational and strategic objectives globally. This phenomenon changes somewhat when the nation engages in Large Scale Combat Operations. Maintaining appropriate criteria for planning or accomplishing special operations, or committing special operations forces, becomes vitally important to achieve operational or strategic objectives, and to maintain force readiness and optimal capability. By examining four historical case studies of special operations against the backdrop of Large Scale Combat Operations, this research study determines under what conditions and based on what principles special operations may be employed in order to optimize operational success. Using a combination of principles established by joint doctrine and military theorists, the Jedburgh and Chindit operations along with the Doolittle Tokyo and Vermork Norway raids are qualitatively compared in order to offer conclusions on the effectiveness of special operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Campion, John
2019-06-14
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Battle for the Far North: An Analysis of Threats to Canadian Arctic Sovereignty
From the Thesis Abstract: "In 2019, the Government of Canada released the Arctic and Northern Policy Framework, to include associated International and Safety, Security, and Defence chapters. This new policy represents a shift in perspective towards the Arctic from 'use it or lose it' to a 'soft security' framework. This study consists of a content analysis of Canadian, Russian, and Chinese Arctic and defense policies, with a view to identifying threats to Canadian Arctic sovereignty and any gaps in existing Canadian Arctic and defense policy. As traditional and emerging threats, Russia and China each present unique challenges to Canadian Arctic sovereignty. A nine ways of seeing analysis was conducted to frame the contemporary Arctic environment, followed by a review of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that influence Canadian Arctic sovereignty is presented to provide recommendations on how Canada can secure its hold on its Arctic territory amidst boundary disputes and increased interest from non-Arctic states."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Day, Tim
2020-06-12
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NATO Cohesion: The Threat Posed by ISIL
From the Thesis Abstract: "ISIL [Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]'s declaration of an Islamic Caliphate in June 2014 sent shockwaves through the international environment. A following trans-national terror campaign under ISIL's black flag resulted in several countermeasures against the new geopolitical threat that have reduced the terror organization geographical control over its previous conquered terrain, and has forced ISIL to transition to an insurgency organization. The thesis addresses ISIL's transition to the insurgency, and examine how the terror organization's strategy and current state may pose a threat to NATO within the next five years. First, the paper explains fundamental theories of terrorism and ISIL's history, before analyzing ISIL's strategy and ISIL's capabilities to impose its strategy. Second, NATO's critical vulnerabilities are discussed through a Center of Gravity analysis. In the final phase, the thesis answers the research question by discussing if ISIL has the intention (strategy) and capability to exploit any of NATO's critical vulnerabilities."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Hognestad, Eirik Wabakken
2019-06-14
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Lessons in Unit Cohesion from the United States Army's COHORT (Cohesion, Operational Readiness, and Training) Experiment of 1981 to 1995
From the Thesis Abstract: "In 1981, the United States Army experimented with its personnel management philosophy to examine the benefits of a unit-based system over an individual system. This study looks at the historical background of personnel management from World War II to the Vietnam War. It tells the story of COHORT [Cohesion, Operational Readiness, and Training] until its end in 1995. The Army believed cohesion would increase combat effectiveness. The COHORT system aimed to build cohesion through stability at the company and battalion levels on a three-year life cycle. COHORT built horizontally-cohesive units, but its failure to stabilize and educate NCO [Non-Commissioned Officer] and officer leaders prevented full success. Additionally, the Army did not fully address cultural issues related to individual vs. unit needs, the promotion system, readiness reporting, and the effects of the post-Cold War drawdown in strength. This study shows personnel stability is a prerequisite to cohesion and unit effectiveness. Turbulence prevents training and leadership from building combat readiness to its full potential. The personnel system should focus on building unit cohesion through personnel stability, and account for individual concerns whenever possible, in both peace and war."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Kearnes, Michael R.
2019-06-12
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Assessing the Effectiveness of the Philippines De-Radicalization Program
From the Thesis Abstract: "This thesis assessed the effectiveness of the Philippine de-radicalization program. It sought to analyze the elements present in the program, the factors that impeded its success, and the areas for improvement. The comparative case study method was used to draw out the results of the study. The Singapore and Indonesian programs are studied in comparison to the Philippines' program. The author used the key components of a successful de-radicalization program introduced by Rabasa et al. as the foundation of the analysis. The results showed that Singapore is the most ideal program which can be the reason why there is no terroristic attacks within its territory. Indonesia, which started as a police initiative has vastly improved its approaches and has great potential to be successful. The current Philippines' program lacks the key components to achieve disengagement; more so, de-radicalization. The newness of its program, the kind and availability of data, and other influencing factors that are not part of the study challenged the assessment of its effectiveness. Though de-radicalization programs should be based on the uniqueness of each country, there are methods and approaches from Singapore and Indonesia that can serve as a basis for the Philippines."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Mabborang, Vicente B., Jr.
2019-06-14
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Command Responsibility in Multinational Operations
From the Thesis Abstract: "Under the principle of command responsibility, international courts can hold a commander responsible for crimes committed by his subordinates even though he did not directly take part in the commission of the crimes. However, some circumstances challenge the scope of this rule. One of these limitations proceeds from the increasing number of multinational operations and the lack of clarity in the application of the law when military forces act in coalitions. The different legal standards of states that contribute to multinational operations increase the difficulty of enforcing command responsibility by tribunals and international courts. The ambiguity of the existing rules combined with the lack of case law make it difficult to determine whether or not commanders of multinational operations can be held responsible for crimes committed by soldiers under their authority from other countries. Understanding the legal frameworks that apply in multinational operations is critical for fostering awareness in multinational commanders of their obligations regarding command responsibility and the steps they can take to avoid human rights violations and war crimes by the military forces under their command."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Diop, Babacar Amadou
2019-06-14
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Nature of the Boko Haram Security Crisis in the Lake Chad Basin
From the Thesis Abstract: "Boko Haram, a religious extremist organization opposed to western influences in the Nigerian society was created in 2002 in Bornu state by Mohammed Yusuf an extremist Muslim preacher. Due to an inappropriate management of this religious issue, the organization gained importance and rapidly came to control large territories in the North east of Nigeria, with active presence on Chadian, Cameroonian and Nigerien bordering regions. After almost a decade of fights, Boko Haram is still able to attack military bases, civilian populations and public services. The insecurity climate is real, despite important military efforts from these countries and partners. Therefore, the regional and national strategies implemented so far need to be assessed. The identification of the nature of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad region is the first step. This study has revealed Boko Haram is an insurgency in Nigeria, but is a security crisis that did not turned into an insurgency in Cameroon, Niger and Chad; This difference on the nature of threats induces a difference of approaches at the national and at the regional levels."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Amboh, Esaie Beng
2019-06-14
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Advanced-Based Artificial Intelligence Capabilities Empowerment of the United States National Security
From the Thesis Abstract: "The twenty-first-century technological race includes many components; however, the technology of advanced-based artificial intelligence (AI) may be the most astonishing. The United States' adversaries, in particular China, are making a point to be the world's superpower in this technological advancement by 2030. The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) has a model of AI initiatives, data-centric technologies (such as advanced analytics) automation, deep learning, machine learning and human-machine teaming initiatives that other Department of Defense (DOD) components can emulate to reduce unnecessary repetitiveness and useless spending of national money and resources. This study explores the components of AI-based initiatives for successful establishment across the governmental apparatus to advance US national interests. Additionally, it compares the United States and China regarding AI, private sector innovation and ethical issues pertaining to AI; and lastly, 2018 NGA and Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) AI-based initiatives that will impact future decision-makers."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Gorman, Shannon L.
2019-06-14
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Conventional Arms Proliferation in Sub Saharan African Countries: Stakes and Threats
From the Thesis Abstract: "Sub Saharan Africa continues to experience the destabilizing effects of the circulation and misuse of illegal Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW). Significant human suffering and material and financial losses are the primary consequences. Since independence from European colonialism, many armed conflicts within the region often end in widespread stock piles of arms that are difficult to control by weak and inappropriate mechanisms. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the primary factors contributing to the proliferation of illegal SALW in sub Saharan Africa, such as porous borders and weak institutions due to the absence of real political will, and corruption. State and non-state actors exploit the widespread availability of SALW to advance their interests through violent means, particularly in failed and corrupted states. To address this issue, the thesis proposes an integrated proactive approach using all national power instruments, including political, socio economic, and informational measures. The study focuses more specifically on the role of military action to address this issue."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Fiali, Rachid
2019-06-14
