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Cost-Effective Proactive Testing Strategies During COVID-19 Mass Vaccination: A Modelling Study
From the Webpage: "As SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] vaccines are administered worldwide, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic continues to exact significant human and economic costs. Mass testing of unvaccinated individuals followed by isolation of positive cases can substantially mitigate risks and be tailored to local epidemiological conditions to ensure cost effectiveness. [...] Using a multi-scale model that incorporates population-level SARS-CoV-2 transmission and individual-level viral load kinetics, we identify the optimal frequency of proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing, depending on the local transmission rate and proportion immunized. [...] Assuming a willingness-to-pay of US$100,000 per averted year of life lost (YLL) and a price of $10 per test, the optimal strategy under a rapid transmission scenario (Re ∼ 2.5) is daily testing until one third of the population is immunized and then weekly testing until half the population is immunized, combined with a 10-day isolation period of positive cases and their households. Under a low transmission scenario (Re ∼ 1.2), the optimal sequence is weekly testing until the population reaches 10% partial immunity, followed by monthly testing until 20% partial immunity, and no testing thereafter. [...] Mass proactive testing and case isolation is a cost effective strategy for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in the initial stages of the global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign and in response to resurgences of vaccine-evasive variants."
ScienceDirect (Online service)
Du, Zhanwei; Wang, Lin; Bai, Yuan . . .
2022-04
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Moving the U.S. Government Toward Zero Trust Cybersecurity Principles
From the Document: "This memorandum sets forth a Federal zero trust architecture (ZTA) strategy, requiring agencies to meet specific cybersecurity standards and objectives by the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 in order to reinforce the Government's defenses against increasingly sophisticated and persistent threat campaigns. Those campaigns target Federal technology infrastructure, threatening public safety and privacy, damaging the American economy, and weakening trust in Government."
United States. Office of Management and Budget
Young, Shalanda D.
2022-01-26
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Pipeline Safety: Manufacturing Defects in Pipeline Components Rarely Contribute to Accidents
From the Document: "The U.S. pipeline network includes almost 350,000 miles of interstate gas and hazardous liquid transmission pipelines that operate at high pressures and transport products across the country. The integrity of individual components used in constructing these pipelines is critical to the safe and efficient operation of the network. These components include fittings to accommodate changes in terrain or direction of the pipe; flanges to connect pipe and other equipment together; and valves to help control the flow and pressure of product in the pipe. While pipelines are among the safest modes to transport energy products and other hazardous materials, failure of the components due to issues such as incorrect installation, corrosion, or manufacturing defects could cause significant damage to life, property, and the environment. Within the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) oversees the safety of the pipeline network. As part of this oversight, PHMSA sets the federal minimum safety standards for pipelines and pipeline facilities, including requirements and specifications relating to the design and manufacture of pipeline components. The minimum safety standards apply to owners and operators of pipeline facilities rather than the manufacturers of pipeline components."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01-26
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Congressional Budget Office: H.R. 4363, DHS Contract Reporting Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 4363 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to report daily on most department contract awards that have a value of more than $4 million, beginning six months after the bill's enactment. The reports would need to include information about each contract award, including the contract value, timeline, and description. The bill would require DHS to maintain this information on a public website and make updates no later than five business days after a new contract is authorized or an existing contract is modified. Based on information provided by DHS, CBO expects the agency would need two new employees to compile contract information and produce the reports and approximately $750,000 each year for technology costs to maintain the website. Using historical patterns of spending for similar programs, CBO estimates the agency would spend about $1 million each year to implement the bill for a total of $5 million over the 2022-2026 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-26
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4426, Homeland Security for Children Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 4426 would direct all offices and subagencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to incorporate the needs of children in mission planning and execution, including by consulting with organizations representing the needs of children whenever practicable. The act also would require the DHS Under Secretary for the Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans to appoint a technical expert on incorporating the needs of children into activities to prepare for and respond to disasters. Finally, H.R. 4426 would require DHS to report to the Congress annually for five years on implementation of the act. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects DHS would require one additional employee to serve as a technical expert and coordinate the activities required under H.R. 4426. Based on average salaries for similar employees and the cost of similar activities, CBO estimates the agency would spend $1 million over the 2022-2026 period to implement the legislation; any such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-26
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 21, 2022: COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence -- 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-December 25, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence -- 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4-December 25, 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-01-21
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Federal Prisons Monitoring Efforts to Implement COVID-19 Recommendations and Examining First Step Act Implementation, Statement of Gretta L. Goodwin, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "BOP [Bureau of Prisons] is responsible not only for the supervision and custody of more than 157,000 federal inmates, but also for their health care, safety, and rehabilitation. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has strained BOP's institutions, yet BOP's obligation to provide inmates with programs to advance their education and development remains. Further, BOP has ongoing challenges with leadership instability and staff shortages. In response, GAO [Government Accountability Office] raised federal prison management as an emerging issue on its High-Risk List. This statement discusses (1) three recommendations GAO made in July 2021 to enhance BOP's COVID-19 response and efforts to date to address them, and (2) GAO's ongoing review of DOJ's [Department of Justice] and BOP's implementation of FSA [First Step Act] requirements related to inmate assessments and programming. GAO updated information on BOP's activities in response to GAO recommendations, reviewed FSA requirements, and conducted preliminary research to design its audit work."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Goodwin, Gretta L.
2022-01-21
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 3, January 20, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "FEMA Fire Prevention and Safety Grant application period now open"; "New brief outlines Law Enforcement-Mental Health Learning Site Program from CSG [Council of State Governments] Justice Center"; "FEMA launches National Resource Hub, a suite of tools to assist with resource management preparedness"; "Ethanol Emergency Response training updated with new video series from Renewable Fuels Association"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] urges organizations to implement immediate cybersecurity measures to protect against potential threats"; "Oracle releases January 2022 Critical Patch Update"; "Microsoft warns of destructive malware targeting Ukrainian organizations"; "FBI Industry Alert: Indicators of Compromise Associated with Diavol Ransomware"; and "FBI PSA [public service announcement]: Cybercriminals tampering with QR [Quick Response] Codes to steal victim funds."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-01-20
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FEMA Workforce: Long-Standing and New Challenges Could Affect Mission Success, Testimony Before the Subcommittees on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery and Oversight, Management, and Accountability, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "FEMA has long been tasked with the difficult job of leading the federal response to natural disasters. The increasing frequency of disasters and the additional responsibilities of responding to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and other events have stretched the FEMA workforce in unprecedented ways. This testimony discusses GAO's [U.S. Government Accountability Office's] prior work on various FEMA workforce challenges. This statement is based on products GAO issued from July 2015 to August 2021. For those products, GAO reviewed and analyzed federal law, federal data, and agency documentation and interviewed federal, state, and local officials as well as representatives of stakeholder groups impacted by disasters. GAO also conducted some of these interviews as part of visits to locations affected by hurricanes in 2017 and 2018. Additionally, GAO conducted 17 focus groups with FEMA staff. [...] GAO has made numerous recommendations in prior reports designed to address the workforce challenges discussed in this testimony. FEMA has taken steps to address these recommendations and GAO is monitoring FEMA's ongoing efforts."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Currie, Chris P.
2022-01-20
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Information Technology: Biannual Scorecards Have Evolved and Served as Effective Oversight Tools, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Government Operations, Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The federal government annually spends more than $100 billion on IT [Information Technology] and cyber-related investments; however, many of these investments have failed or performed poorly and have often suffered from ineffective management. To improve the management of IT, Congress and the President enacted FITARA [Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act] in December 2014. The law better enables Congress to monitor covered agencies' progress in managing IT and hold them accountable. FITARA applies to the 24 agencies subject to the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, although not all FITARA provisions apply to the Department of Defense. In November 2015, this Subcommittee began issuing biannual scorecards as an oversight tool to monitor agencies' progress toward implementing FITARA and subsequently, other IT-related issues. The scorecards rely on publicly available data to track and assign federal agencies letter grades (i.e., A, B, C, D, or F). As of January 2022, thirteen scorecards had been released. GAO [U.S. Government Accountability Office] was asked to testify on the evolution and effectiveness of the biannual scorecards. For this testimony, GAO relied primarily on previously issued products."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Harris, Carol C.
2022-01-20
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Triángulo Norte de Centroamérica: La Suspensión y Reprogramación de Fondos de los Estados Unidos en 2019 Afectó Adversamente los Proyectos de Asistencia
From the Webpage Highlights: "A partir de marzo de 2019, la administración del entonces presidente Trump suspendió la mayor parte de los nuevos fondos de asistencia exterior de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development], por sus siglas en inglés) y del Departamento de Estado (State, por su nombre en inglés) a El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras (el 'Triángulo Norte' de Centroamérica)--por hasta 14 meses y reprogramó aproximadamente US$396 millones (85 por ciento) de los fondos del año fiscal 2018 hacia otros países. En junio de 2020, la administración puso fin a la suspensión de los fondos de asistencia. Al concluir la suspensión, la USAID ajustó su cartera de asistencia para implementar proyectos centrados en disuadir la migración y diseñó nuevos indicadores para evaluar la relación entre sus proyectos de asistencia y la migración de la región. Funcionarios de State y de la USAID indicaron que su enfoque general--promover la prosperidad, la buena gobernanza y la seguridad--seguía siendo el mismo tras la suspensión. Aunque algunos proyectos que habían recibido fondos anteriormente siguieron su curso previsto, la suspensión y reprogramación de los fondos de asistencia en 2019 afectó adversamente a 92 de los 114 proyectos de la USAID y a 65 de los 168 proyectos de State. Según informaron esas agencias, las consecuencias adversas que habitualmente se registraron en la ejecución de los proyectos fueron demoras en los plazos previstos y la disminución de la frecuencia, la calidad o los tipos de servicios prestados a los beneficiarios."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01-20
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Interviews with USFA Leadership [audio]
From the Webpage: "On the first episode of The USFA [U.S. Fire Administration] Podcast, U.S. Fire Administrator Dr. Lori Moore-Merrell and Deputy U.S. Fire Administrator Tonya Hoover discuss agency programs and their vision for the future." The duration of this audio is 25 minutes and 31 seconds.
United States Fire Administration
Moore-Merrell, Lori; Hoover, Tonya
2022-01-20
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Disaster Recovery: Better Data Are Needed to Ensure Equitable Delivery of HUD Block Grant Funds to Vulnerable Populations, Statement of Daniel Garcia-Diaz, Managing Director, Financial Markets and Community Investment, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Financial Services, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "Large-scale disasters, such as the 2017 hurricanes, have resulted in catastrophic damage, and vulnerable populations can face particular challenges in recovering from a disaster. Since 1993, Congress has provided over $90 billion in supplemental appropriations through CDBG-DR [Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery] to help affected areas recover. This testimony discusses (1) HUD [Department of Housing and Urban Development]'s approach to assisting vulnerable populations, (2) grantees' actions to assist vulnerable populations, and (3) challenges grantees and vulnerable populations face in implementing and using CDBG-DR."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Garcia-Diaz, Daniel
2022-01-19
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Tráfico de armas de fuego: Se necesita más información para fundamentar las iniciativas de los Estados Unidos en Centroamérica
"La Agencia de Alcohol, Tabaco, Armas de Fuego y Explosivos (ATF, por sus siglas en inglés) del Departamento de Justicia recibe solicitudes de rastreo de armas de fuego de los gobiernos de Belice, El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras para algunas, pero no todas, las armas de fuego declaradas recuperadas en esos países. Los datos de la ATF sobre el rastreo de aproximadamente 27.000 armas de fuego declaradas recuperadas entre 2015 y 2019--los datos más recientes disponibles--muestran que el 40 por ciento provino de los Estados Unidos y el resto de otros 39 países. Los datos de la ATF también indican que casi la mitad de las armas de fuego de origen estadounidense probablemente se desviaron del comercio legítimo en los cuatro países en lugar de considerarse contrabando proveniente de los Estados Unidos. Desde enero de 2015 hasta marzo de 2021, se exportaron legalmente más de 100.000 armas de fuego de los Estados Unidos a los cuatro países, según datos de las agencias. En estos países no se fabrican armas de fuego, pero funcionarios estadounidenses y extranjeros afirmaron que los delincuentes pueden obtenerlas a través de mercados ilegales y robo, entre otros medios. Los datos de la ATF muestran que la mayoría de las armas de fuego sometidas a rastreo eran pistolas."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-01-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2617, Performance Enhancement Reform Act [January 18, 2022]
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the e Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "Under current law, federal agencies must publicly release plans that detail performance goals and measurements for all program activities. H.R. 2617 would require agencies to include information about the human capital, technology, and other resources necessary to achieve those goals. The act also would require collaboration among the chief performance officer and other executives within the agency as they prepare those plans. Because most of the act's requirements would codify existing guidance from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2617 would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period. [...] On July 23, 2021, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R. 2617 [hyperlink], the Performance Enhancement Reform Act, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform. The two pieces of legislation are similar and CBO's estimates of their budgetary effects is the same." The previous cost estimate can be found at [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=856667].
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2746, a Bill to Amend Title 28, United States Code, to Redefine the Eastern and Middle Judicial Districts of North Carolina
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on May 18, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 2746 would realign the geographic jurisdictions of the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Middle Districts of North Carolina. Using information from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, CBO estimates that implementing the changes would increase administrative costs by an insignificant amount and would have no effect on overall caseloads for the districts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-18
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 14, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Evaluation of State-Led Surveillance of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome -- Six U.S. States, 2018-2021"; "Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence, by Race, Ethnicity, and Age Among Women Aged ≥20 Years -- United States, 1999-2018"; "Impact of the DREAMS [Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe] Program on New HIV Diagnoses in Adolescent Girls and Young Women Attending Antenatal Care -- Lesotho, 2015-2020"; "Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccination Against Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years -- United States, July-December 2021"; "Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infection Among Persons Aged
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-01-14
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MMWR Supplement: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 14, 2022: Standards Required for the Development of CDC Evidence-Based Guidelines
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Supplement issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Standards Required for the Development of CDC Evidence-Based Guidelines." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link: [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-01-14
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 14, 2022: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Medications for Treatment of COVID-19 -- United States, March 2020-August 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Medications for Treatment of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] -- United States, March 2020-August 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-01-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2989, DHS Blue Campaign Enhancement Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2989 would direct the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop Internet-based training programs for federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement officers and others as part of the department's Blue Campaign. The Blue Campaign is aimed at combating human trafficking. The bill also would create an advisory board of DHS officials who would provide information and data on human trafficking to the Blue Campaign. [...] CBO estimates that any new activities required under S. 2989 would not require substantial action by the department and would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5682, CBP Donations Acceptance Program Reauthorization Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on October 26, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 5682 would extend the authority for Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to accept donations of real and personal property, including monetary donations, from federal and nonfederal entities to establish or improve CBP facilities at ports of entry. The authority to accept donations expired in December 2021 under current law; H.R. 5682 would extend this authority until December 2026. The bill also would allow CBP to accept donations for improvements at ports of entry that are leased by the federal government; under current law, that authority only applies to ports of entry owned by the federal government. Enacting H.R. 5682 could affect direct spending by increasing CBP's collections and spending of donations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1311, Energy Diplomacy Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on September 30, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 1311 would authorize the Department of State to establish an Assistant Secretary for Energy Resources. That official would be responsible for promoting U.S. energy interests abroad and for coordinating associated policies within the department. The legislation would also require the department to ensure that a sufficient number of staff are available to formulate policy, provide analysis, and coordinate with other federal and international entities on energy policies. [...] On the basis of information about the Bureau's organizational structure, CBO estimates that the addition of a Senate confirmed appointee would cost less than $500,000 each year and total $1 million over the 2022-2026 period. Additional personnel requirements prescribed by H.R. 1311 would be satisfied by the current staffing level of the Bureau of Energy Resources. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-14
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 2, January 13, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "January is Firefighter Cancer Awareness Month"; "National Human Trafficking Prevention Month: Resources for the emergency services"; "FEMA releases 2021 National Preparedness Report"; "New on-demand ransomware course for law enforcement from the National White Collar Crime Center"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency], FBI, and NSA [National Security Agency] release cybersecurity advisory on Russian cyber threats to US critical infrastructure"; "JFrog researchers find JNDI [Java Naming and Directory Interface] vulnerability in H2 [Hypersonic 2] database consoles similar to Log4Shell"; "Millions of routers exposed to RCE [remote code execution] by USB [universal serial bus] kernel bug"; "Ransomware: Hackers are using Log4j flaw as part of their attacks, warns Microsoft"; "New RedLine malware version spread as fake Omicron stat counter"; and "Ransomware attack prompted county jail to put inmates in lockdown."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-01-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1388, Prescription Pricing for the People Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on July 29, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1388 would require the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to study whether anticompetitive practices exist within the pharmaceutical supply chain, especially as carried out by pharmacy benefit managers or intermediaries. Under the bill, the FTC would research potential legal or regulatory barriers to effective enforcement and identify methods that payers and companies use to assess the costs and benefits of contracting with intermediaries. In addition, the FTC would be required to formulate policy or legislative recommendations to deter anticompetitive behavior. [...] Using information from the FTC about similar activities, CBO estimates that the agency would need about 11 employees, including attorneys, economists, research analysts, and paralegals, to complete the work. Although the cost would vary by position, CBO estimates that, on average, the cost per employee would be $200,000 and that implementing the bill would cost about $2 million over the next two years; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3035, Good AI Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on November 3, 2021. From the Document: "Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows computer systems to perform tasks that typically would require human intelligence. S. 3035 would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to issue guidance to federal agencies on how to safely and securely acquire AI technology. Under the bill, OMB also would report to the Congress on the effectiveness of its efforts. Based on the costs of similar efforts, CBO estimates that publishing guidance and satisfying the reporting requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-13
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CBO Presentation: CBO's Model of New Drug Development
From the Presentation: "CBO's [Congressional Budget Office] model is: [1] Intended to help the Congress understand the effect that legislative proposals would have on the development of new drugs [2] Used to produce alternatives to the elasticity estimates reported in the literature that CBO can present along with its estimates of the budgetary cost of legislation[.] [...] To bring a drug to market, the firm is assumed to have four decision points: phase 0 (preclinical), phase I, phase II, and phase III. At each decision point, the firm observes expected costs and expected returns for its candidate drug. If expected returns are greater than expected costs, the firm chooses to enter the development stage. The model works by drawing a large number of simulated drugs from the joint distribution of expected returns and expected costs. Note that the value of each draw is assumed to be independent across the decision points for the same drug candidate. CBO estimates parameters of the distribution using data on net revenues and survey results on costs reported in the literature."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Adams, Christopher P.
2022-01-13
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CBO Presentation: Navy Shipbuilding: Congressional Perspectives and the Navy's 2022 Plan
This presentation discuses "Prospects for Building a Larger [Naval] Fleet" and specifically highlights the following topics: "[1] Congressional Support for Shipbuilding; [2] Recent Force Structure Assessments and the Navy's 2022 Shipbuilding Plan; [3] Paying for the Navy's Shipbuilding Plans[.]"
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Labs, Eric Jackson
2022-01-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5607, Justice for ALS Veterans Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs on November 4, 2021. From the Document: "Under current law, surviving spouses of veterans who die of a service-related injury or illness may receive monthly payments from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) under the Dependency and Indemnity Compensation program (DIC). Generally, for a surviving spouse to receive DIC payments, the veteran must have died from a service-connected disability or be rated as totally disabled by VA for at least ten years prior to death. If the veteran was rated as totally disabled for at least eight full years and the surviving spouse was married to the veteran for those same eight years, the spouse is eligible to receive a higher DIC benefit. H.R. 5607 would require VA to pay that same higher benefit to surviving spouses of veterans who die from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), regardless of how long the veteran had the disease prior to death if the spouse was married to the veteran for at least eight years prior to the veteran's death. [...] Using information from VA on the administrative cost of paying more survivors the additional amounts, CBO estimates any costs for VA to implement the bill would be insignificant. Those costs would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4032, Open RAN Outreach Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on October 20, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 4032 would require the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) to conduct outreach and provide technical assistance to small providers of communications networks about Open Radio Access Networks [RAN] and about participating in the Wireless Supply Chain Innovation Grant Program authorized by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. As of the date of this estimate, appropriations have not been provided for that program. Using information from the NTIA, CBO estimates that it would cost $1 million annually and $5 million over the 2022-2026 period to implement the act's requirements. That amount includes the cost of salaries for NTIA employees, travel, and private contractor support."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-01-12
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On the Horizon: What to Watch in 2022
From the Document: 'The world in 2021 continued to roil with the ongoing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, intensifying competition between the world's major powers, questions of trust inside many of the world's leading democracies, and natural disasters made more intense by the effects of climate extremes. As we look to what is on the horizon in 2022, we contend with a geopolitical situation of greater uncertainty than at any time since the end of the Cold War. The Wilson Center strives to provide policymakers with industry-leading expertise that is trustworthy, nonpartisan, and rooted in the values expressed in our congressional charter: "symbolizing and strengthening the fruitful relation between the world of learning and the world of public affairs." In this spirit, we present On the Horizon - What to Watch in 2022.'
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2022-01-12?
