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Resilient Communication: A New Crisis Communication Strategy for Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Current crisis communication plans and guidance at all levels of government focus almost exclusively on communication during a crisis, rather than a comprehensive approach that also addresses the timeframe well before and well after a disaster. Furthermore, existing crisis communication strategy does not include approaches to enhance resiliency in individuals and communities affected by disaster. A case study of the 2007 Greensburg, Kansas tornado assessed the crisis communication strategy surrounding the disaster to assist in the development of a new comprehensive crisis communication strategy for homeland security. The case study revealed the need for homeland security leaders to reframe crisis communication by considering disasters as the norm, not a rarity. The case study also found significant benefits to utilizing a complex systems approach in crisis communication strategy, specifically the pragmatic complexity model. New crisis communication approaches were recommended including a public partnership approach and a resilient messaging/survivor psychology approach. The research recommendations also included specific before and after message themes to engage the public and help them become more resilient. The case study and research concluded a state-level strategy would be most beneficial and would allow specific messaging to be delivered by leaders familiar to the community affected."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Watson, Sharon L.
2012-03
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Organizational Leadership's Impact on Emergent Behavior During Disaster Response and Recovery Operations
From the thesis abstract: "Since the events of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, emergency management has put great efforts into formalizing response and recovery structures following natural and man-made disasters. However, these formalized structures are not often flexible enough to allow for the innovation that each different disaster may require to best meet the needs of the impacted citizens in the most effective and efficient way possible. As emergency management continues to become more complex, organizational leadership will be challenged to balance the need for standard operating procedures and policies against the ability to leverage emergent behavior that allows for innovation in addressing the specific problems brought on by each unique disaster. This thesis focuses on identifying under what circumstances emergent behavior is desired within the context of emergency management, and how organizational leadership can impact the factors that enhance or inhibit emergence during response and recovery operations. Using participant observation methods over the course of many years of disaster leadership, eight different incidents were analyzed for the identification of leadership themes that impacted emergent behavior. As a result of these findings, five themes emerged in which emergency management's organizational leadership can most effectively impact self-organizing behavior within its ranks. With an understanding of when emergence is desirable, and by developing the capacity and an organizational culture that supports the vacillation between structure and innovation, emergency management officials will be better able to lead effective responses to complex incidents."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Casper, Nancy
2011-09
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Emergency Responder Personal Preparedness
From the thesis abstract: "Citizens have an expectation that emergency responders will come to their aid during emergencies. There is the general assumption that these responders and the agencies they work for are prepared for any type of event. With a core element of any disaster response being the capability of the emergency responders, a lack of personal preparedness by emergency response personnel is likely to be highly detrimental and reduces this capability when responders are needed to respond to a catastrophic event. Past incidents and research has indicated that emergency responders may not respond until they ensure their own families safety. Emergency responders do not have the option to assist voluntarily during a disaster--they must respond to ensure citizen safety and security while maintaining order. This research used a nationwide survey of emergency responders to determine why emergency responders are not personally prepared and what factors may influence increasing their personal preparedness level. The result of this research identified three reasons why emergency responders do not personally prepare for disasters and concludes with recommendations that involve five incentives or motivations on how emergency response agencies can increase personal preparedness among their personnel."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kelenske, Chris A.
2011-12
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Implementation of Organizational Design Principles Throughout the San Mateo County Emergency Services Joint Powers Agreement and its Ability to Increase Applicability, Relevance, and Effectiveness
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines the application of organizational design principles to, and intergovernmental effort for, the provision of emergency management and homeland security services to a county comprised of twenty individual incorporated cities with a population of over 700,000. A current lack of attention paid to these important factors has led to an emergency management process that does not provide the necessary level of collaboration or the efficient distribution of vital resources. The premise is that the inclusion of special districts in the county's emergency plans and response strategies will promote the optimum level of safety, security, and preparedness. Interoperable communications is presented as an area where an existing Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) can be more comprehensive and effective. The thesis will examine the nature of a series of perceived challenges associated with this joint powers agreement as these factors apply to special districts and interoperable communications. The paper also examines potential solutions to these challenges via the implementation of organizational design principles."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Barberini, Edmund L
2011-12
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Best Approach to Crisis Intervention
From the thesis abstract: "First responders 'protect and serve.' They maintain order, prevent chaos, and keep this country safe and secure. Many of the freedoms enjoyed today are the result of U.S. first responders protecting and caring for U.S. citizens. Whether it is a terrorists attack, a criminal victimizing a citizen, or a natural disaster, first responders will be among the first on the scene to deal with the crisis. For this reason, their role in homeland security is so critical. Traumatic stress experienced by first responders may impact their ability to function and handle the next critical incident, as well as obstruct public safety agencies in maintaining a robust and resilient workforce. As a result, leaders of first responder organizations need methods to recognize the different levels of stress their employees are experiencing and identify ways they can support their officers and minimize long-term effects of stress, including absenteeism, early resignation/retirement, depression, post-traumatic stress, substance abuse, and suicide. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) is the standard clinical practice most widely utilized by public safety agencies in crisis interventions. CISM is designed to mitigate stress and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Another technique to help the traumatized, now emerging as a preferred response in crisis interventions, is Psychological First Aid (PFA). The empirical evidence is examined comparing CISM and PFA in an attempt to determine the best care for first responders. Another valuable tool examined, and sometimes overlooked as a crisis intervention tool, is the role of trained chaplains in disaster care. The author has responded to numerous traumatic incidents and witnessed firsthand the effects trauma has on first responders. As a result of witnessing the lack of care CISM provides, he was inspired to research and find the best approach to crisis interventions. PFA and trained chaplains may be the answer; however, the author also desires that this paper inspire and challenge other agencies to invest, conduct further research, and ultimately, find the best approach to crisis interventions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chumley, Steven L.
2012-09
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Creation of a United States Emergency Medical Services Administration Within the Department of Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Federal administration of this nation's emergency medical services (EMS) has come under increasing criticism, in a post- September 11 world, by many of its stakeholders and constituents. Critics accurately argue that the current construct of federal governance and oversight is impairing the discipline's shareholders from being able to prepare, train, respond and recover appropriately from natural and manmade catastrophic events both locally and nationally. Valid reasons exist to endorse consolidating all the various bodies of federal authority and management into a centric office, the United States Emergency Medical Services Administration (USEMSA). Many of the EMS non-municipal organizations are poorly represented on a national, state and local scale. This nation's EMS competence and potential to respond efficiently and productively to any domestic or international catastrophic incident in normal and abnormal environments, regardless of whether the etiology is manmade or natural, requires a skilled, educated and well-equipped workforce. This thesis evaluates the federal EMS paradigm of the administration for EMS and its complex systems of care and transport and recommends the best model of federal oversight for EMS to meet the challenges set forth in the National Incident Management System, National Response Framework and National Strategy Security plans."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
McGovern, Philip P., III
2012-03
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Taking a Regional Healthcare Coalition Approach to Mitigating Surge Capacity Needs of Mass Casualty or Pandemic Events
From the thesis abstract: "Hospitals and healthcare facilities are not able to singularly mitigate the patient surge from a mass-casualty incident or pandemic health event. The potential volume of patients demands that regional healthcare communities be able to respond as a unified body to maintain the resiliency of their healthcare systems. The National Healthcare Preparedness Program advocates the establishment of fully functional, response-ready regional healthcare coalitions to meet this need. Establishing a regional healthcare coalition requires that an appropriate governance structure be established, a proper level of participation be solicited, and adequate funding mechanisms be put in place. This thesis offers a case study of how these factors influence the ability of three existing and distinctively different healthcare coalitions to prepare for a patient surge from a mass-casualty or pandemic health event. The thesis also shows the influence of each of the factors on a coalition's sustainability. The coalitions researched were Palm Beach County, Florida's Healthcare Emergency Response Coalition, King County, Washington's Healthcare Coalition, and Jacksonville, Florida's First Coast Disaster Council. These three coalitions highlight differences and similarities in the governance structure, participation needs, and funding mechanisms of existing regional healthcare coalitions and show how each influences catastrophic patient surge mitigation in their region."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
McElwee, Jill A.
2012-06
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Bridging the Gulf: A New Paradigm for Emergency Management on Americas Third Border
From the thesis abstract: "The current U.S. government structure for engaging with emergency management issues on the international arena requires fresh analysis and review to determine efficacy and practicality for emerging threats and challenges. Issues of preparedness have taken second seat to humanitarian assistance. Support for key components of national resiliency for any country--preparedness and mitigation--receive only minimal support. Continuing and potentially increasing catastrophic disasters within the homeland's 'backyard' (a term commonly used to refer to the Caribbean/Gulf of Mexico area) will continue to present homeland security issues far into the future. A commitment to investment in preparedness, as well as new structures for initial support following a major disaster, will relieve pressure on the United States--and the international community--to invest heavily in costly humanitarian assistance. At the same time, it will serve to strengthen the national regimes in the area and strengthen the regional resiliency that well serves the hemisphere at large. It is safe to say that the traditional approach of the United States government has had a paternalistic flavor to it, jumping in to help after a crisis, but leaving under-developed and under-resourced countries to fend for themselves in developing organic capabilities to be ready for the next disaster. By developing a broader U.S. government capacity to address the fuller cycle of emergency management issues--preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery--in partnership with our neighboring countries within and bordering the Gulf of Mexico, we will be better prepared to handle the future catastrophes that are sure to come. By authorizing and resourcing the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to operate on behalf of the American people outside the domestic national borders, a new paradigm for inter-agency emergency management can be developed that achieves the goal of strengthened hemispheric disaster resiliency."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Slaten, Andrew R.
2012-03
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Model for Nationwide Patient Tracking
From the thesis abstract: "The events of Hurricane Katrina raised awareness of the need to track patients nationwide. As patients were transferred out of the region quickly, they often could not be located by family members or the evacuating facilities, which caused psychological and operational stress for all those involved. The literature shows that a nationwide patient tracking system does not exist today, and by putting patient tracking at the forefront of preparedness, challenges during response will be minimized. The researcher used grounded theory to gather data through a series of interviews that explored what an ideal nationwide patient tracking system would look like, when information should be shared, what data is necessary to ensure a useful system, where data is available, and who will be given access to the data. The interviews resulted in the development of a national system composed of 17 localized modules. The individual modules need to be constructed and maintained by individual entities, such as public health, the military, law enforcement, and human services, while the effort itself requires a champion to organize the collaborative undertaking a role emergency management agencies can readily fill."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Quinn, Nicole M.
2009-09
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Leveraging Social Media to Engage the Public in Homeland Security
"We live in disparate times. There seems to be an increase in the occurrence of natural disasters and acts of terrorism, creating an increased dependence on government services and emergency responders. By contrast, public safety budgets are shrinking and there are fewer resources to address this greater, widespread need. The answer may be what homeland security officials have yet to do--engage the public as a full partner. A relatively new concept has emerged in which social media or Web 2.0 tools can be utilized to facilitate the timely and accurate exchange of information and better engage the public. This thesis examines the current use of Web 2.0 technologies and crisis informatics and seeks to discover how existing social media can be used to engage the public in homeland security and emergency management. This thesis concludes that social media connects people and helps build communities. Unfortunately, public safety officials have not embraced Web 2.0 technologies and are missing a great opportunity to engage the public and harness its collective power. With virtually no capital investment, public safety agencies can create an innovative partnership by capitalizing on tools the public uses everyday."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Woodcock, Jody
2009-09
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Enhancing Emergency Preparedness and Response: Partnering with the Private Business Sector
"In order for local government to have a comprehensive emergency management program, all facets of the community, including the private business sector, must be engaged and given the opportunity to contribute. Furthermore, because neither the public sector nor the private business sector has enough expertise or resources to manage a major disaster alone being able to work collaboratively can provide an essential tool to facilitate a coordinated response. For some jurisdictions the development of a public private partnership for emergency preparedness and response has offered a conduit for such collaboration. This thesis examines the challenges to building public private partnerships between the government and the private business sector. Through interviews with subject matter experts this research identifies the four most critical factors local government must address when contemplating the development of a public private partnership. A cross disciplined approach and incentives are offered to local government as recommendations to facilitate partnership building."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Regan, Bonnie L.
2009-12
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Support Framework for First Responder Family Members: A Proposed Model for Increasing Responder Effectiveness
"This thesis focuses on the physical, mental and emotional support requirements for the family members of first responders engaged in emergency scene mitigation. The likelihood of a large-scale incident involving multiple emergency disciplines and a multi-day deployment has significantly increased. Effective, efficient and safe operations during these incidents could be greatly enhanced if responders' anxiety and apprehension is decreased. Emergency responders and their families are often ill prepared to deal with the myriad of issues that arise from local large scale incidents. Parameters of the proposed solutions for increased first responder family member support will be identified to include; updated listing of personnel contact information, sensitive financial documentation and defined processes that outline integration of the mega-community concept which leverages all community partners (business, churches, schools, non-governmental and non-profit organizations) into the enhanced first responder family member support system network. The development of a 'blue ocean strategy' will also be highly recommended as a method for optimizing and maintaining financial responsibility as family support plans are constructed and implemented. The ability to effectively develop and implement first responder family member support systems can enhance emergency scene mitigation. The utility of such programs also reflect a total health and wellness approach from the organization toward its members and their families."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Sturdivant, Brian E.
2009-12
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Evaluating the Florida Urban Search and Rescue System: Its Future Structure and Direction
"Since September 12, 2001, The Florida Urban Search and Rescue System (FLUSAR) in Florida has grown from a nascent system to a full-fledged, multi-tiered, statewide search and rescue system. Through an urgent need for Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) capabilities, good planning and a unity of purpose after September 11, 2001, Florida was able to establish a system that is emulated by other states. However, due to a lack of state control, sustainable funding, a strategic plan and policies to protect integral members from professional liability, the system is in jeopardy of ceasing to exist. If this were to occur, Florida could not adequately protect its citizens during emergencies that cause structural collapse. By examining the qualitative information gleaned from the literature review, a survey of state US&R systems, interviews with personnel who were involved with the establishment of FLUSAR, or have a role in other state's US&R systems, and the author's experience with the FLUSAR system with state and local governments, this thesis will also evaluate the present capability of the US&R system within the state of Florida and provide a description of where FLUSAR has been, where it is today and to recommend changes for the future. In order to ensure the highest degree of performance and accountability to the citizens of Florida, including recognizing the real strength of a US&R system is one that is based on the rapid, local and regional response of specially trained US&R teams and task forces from within a state, the author will recommend that the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal establish a US&R advisory board and US&R program coordinator and dedicate sufficient funding to support an Advisory Board and US&R program coordinator and that the Florida Division of State Fire Marshal should be the agency in charge of the state US&R system, or FLUSAR."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
DeIorio, John J.
2009-12
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FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Teams: Considering an Improved Strategy for an Evolving Homeland Security Enterprise
From the thesis abstract: "The United States government's role in preparing for, preventing, responding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters is coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Further, FEMA is designated as the primary agency responsible for coordinating Structural Collapse (Urban) Search and Rescue (US&R) situations in the National Response Framework. Since the inception of FEMA resources intended for response to US&R missions, the national search and rescue system has evolved, along with the numbers and types of other resources available to assist in US&R missions. Nonetheless, a disconnect remains, with no common national US&R strategy that effectively brings together available federal resources from FEMA, the Department of Defense, and other partner agencies. FEMA states that urban search and rescue is considered a 'multi-hazard' discipline, as the teams can hypothetically be utilized for response to a wide variety of natural and man-made emergencies or disasters. Although the present FEMA US&R task force model has worked well for certain types of disasters, this thesis explores responses to past events and considers a new strategy that could allow the US&R teams to be used more effectively and efficiently in an evolving Homeland Security enterprise."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Poirier, Alfred L.
2012-09
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Perfect Model for the Perfect Storm: Creating an Effective State to Grassroots Comprehensive Public Health and Medical Strategic Communication Model
From the thesis abstract: "Every emergency situation presents unique challenges. It is absolutely essential to have a good grasp on the specific situation to be able to make the best decisions possible for public health response and mitigation. Clear situational awareness can mean the difference between life and death, which allows all partners to collect information, collaborate, and communicate prior to making critical decisions during an emergency and applies to all stakeholders, whether at the state, regional, or local levels. Ultimately, the communication between those who have information and those who need the information must be shared; to be most effective, the information must be timely, accurate and credible. This thesis describes the development of a strategic communications model for Emergency Support Function-8 (ESF- 8) public health and medical partners from the state to comprehensive grassroots level in Mississippi (MS). The development of the MS ESF-8 Healthcare Coalition (MEHC) single model allows for information sharing across the entire medical enterprise in MS, including both public and private entities. Through case studies, events, an exercise, and workshops, the MEHC model was developed and a common operating picture was realized. This thesis filled a needed gap and will ultimately help to save lives."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chamblee, Tammy
2013-12
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Homeland Security Ecosystem: An Analysis of Hierarchical and Ecosystem Models and Their Influence on Decision Makers
From the thesis abstract: "The premise of this study is the principle that prevention, preparedness, response and recovery strategies for complex manmade threats to our nation necessitate both collaboration and knowledge sharing among government agencies. The thesis asks, 'What can be learned by examining the New Jersey homeland security environment through both hierarchical and ecosystem models, and what aid can those heuristic templates provide to organizational decision making?' The analysis of existing literature revealed two sets of frameworks or conceptual lenses. The hierarchical framework includes command and control, authorities, planning, information flows, organizational culture and behavior, SOPs [Standard Operating Procedures], policy, and governance. The ecosystem framework includes strategic planning, cooperation, collaboration, interdependencies, information flows, diversity, emergence, and networks. The two frameworks are used to conduct comparative case studies of past complex events that occurred within the New Jersey's homeland security environment. The study's findings suggest that New Jersey's fusion center, based on its structure and capabilities, is suitable for blending both organizational frameworks, leading it to having the capacity to solve complex issues through collaboration, emergence, strategic planning, networks, and information sharing."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Schulz, Christian A.
2012-12
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Enhancing Situational Awareness When Addressing Critical Incidents at Suburban and Rural Schools
From the thesis abstract: "This research identifies some of the terrorism-related vulnerabilities in suburban and rural school district facilities and operations throughout New York State. An evaluation of the resources and technologies available to first responders (police, fire, and EMS [Emergency Medical Services] personnel) was conducted through a survey instrument delivered to agencies in the state, in order to identify areas for improvement to response capabilities and protocols for critical incidents in suburban and rural schools. The research also identifies and evaluates emerging technologies that can improve situational awareness, enhance safety, and assist in applying these policies when addressing critical incidents at suburban and rural school districts. The study makes specific recommendations for districts in New York State and highlights useful information for communities across the nation to develop strategies and techniques for first responders to share geospatial information, increase response capabilities, improve effectiveness, promote safety, and reduce vulnerability to terrorist threats and acts of violence."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
O'Flynn, Patrick M.
2012-12
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Rethinking Disasters: Finding Efficiencies Through Collaboration
From the thesis abstract: "Disasters are highly inopportune and represent a convergence of complexities, including multiple layers of government, private and non-profit organizations, and diverse populations. The complexity and unpredictability of disasters has been countered with structured management strategies. While an ordered environment has merit, perhaps the management of disasters is over-engineered that results in missed opportunities to capitalize on collaborative, decentralized solutions. This thesis evaluates the processes and procedures for responding to disasters by examining the current tiered response model (local, state, federal) and exploring whether a nonlinear, adaptive approach could improve interagency collaboration and result in better resource utilization. This research creates a framework for dialogue about the deeper appreciation of the complexities and hardships of disaster response. The management of disasters has been routinely criticized. Using a formative program evaluation method, primary and secondary data analysis focuses on understanding the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, the effectiveness of resource deployment, and intergovernmental collaboration during disaster response. This thesis concludes with several recommendations ranked based on multiple factors including political acceptability, economic plausibility, public perception, effectiveness, and appropriate utilization of resources."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Phillips, Samantha C.
2012-12
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Formulating a Strategic Response Plan For a High-Risk Seismic Event In New York City
From the thesis abstract: "One of the lessons the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) has learned from the attacks of September 11, 2001, is to be prepared for the inevitable. As one of the world's most renowned emergency response agencies, the FDNY can and should be the model of preparedness for any disaster that may affect New York City (NYC). Historical and scientific data confirms the very real threat of a low frequency, high risk earthquake affecting the NYC region. Potential for devastation is compounded due to the complexity of NYC's infrastructure and the vast population unfamiliar with this type of natural disaster. The formulation of an FDNY pre-plan for a high-risk earthquake scenario based on extensive information-gathering and the assembly of a dedicated focus group will lessen the impact of a powerful quake while minimizing losses to lives, property and emergency responders themselves. By being prepared for the seemingly inevitable, the FDNY can live up to its role as one of the world's most respected emergency response agencies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Barvels, Michael B.
2013-03
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Improving Strategic Planning for Federal Public Health Agencies Through Collaborative Strategic Management
From the thesis abstract: "Collaborative strategic management of public health emergency and homeland security issues can address gaps in roles and responsibilities and foster better coordinated planning at the federal level. Recent changes in the alignment of the national planning standards for public health emergency preparedness have created an opportunity to rethink the collaborative approach to strategic planning. This thesis considers the role that collaborative strategic management and collaborative frameworks may play in strengthening strategic planning at the federal level through a policy options analysis. Considerations for implementation and recommendations moving forward are provided for both existing collaborations and new collaborations."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Martin, Jennifer L.
2013-03
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Developing a Shared Service Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Capability for Regional Emergency Services
From the thesis abstract: "At the scenes of emergencies across the nation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have proven their worth to rescue crews; however, this expensive asset is not necessarily a tool that every emergency service would use routinely. This research explored three shared service models, determined their best attributes, and then applied those characteristics to the development of a regional UAV asset that would avoid duplication of resources. The study addressed relevant issues including assumption of risk and liability, public privacy concerns, and federal legislation. Findings led to the following recommendations in the creation of a regional UAV asset: 1) conduct a response evaluation to support a shared service UAV; 2) organize the asset under local government nonprofit oversight; 3) take advantage of grant funding for initial asset purchase; 4) define sustainable funding for maintenance and repair; 5) investigate further revenue generation, housing at least one asset within a large organization; 6) research applicable state law for managing risk; 7) develop privacy and organizational policy consistent with community standards; and 8) define the roles and responsibilities of the organization and the administration."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lakamp, Thomas Charles
2016-09
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Cultural Intelligence: A Pathway for Emergency Responder Engagement with Ethnically Diverse Communities
From the thesis abstract: "The development of emergency responders' cultural breadth is critical to adapting to shifting societal composition, since emergency responders operate within culturally diverse environments and must effectively perform their duties. Addressing the challenge of entrenched cultural norms of emergency responders is imperative for effective and sustainable engagement. This thesis proposes using a cultural intelligence framework to assist emergency responders in this effort. Cultural intelligence tools may allow emergency responders to work more effectively in culturally diverse environments, directly improve relationships between government institutions and the community, and provide the medium for the growth of trust. This paper introduces a cultural intelligence model used in international business, as developed by Soon Ang, Linn Van Dyne, and other notable researchers. This model may be adapted for the emergency response community. This thesis includes an outline for the development of a cultural intelligence unit with the mission to develop emergency responders' cultural breadth, engage with key ethnic minority community stakeholders, and provide information pertinent to the diverse composition of the Los Angeles County Operational Area. Furthermore, this model is designed for ease in adapting to ethnically diverse communities nationally."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Forman, Frank W.
2017-03
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Just-In-Time Training Considerations for Rural Emergency Operations Centers
From the thesis abstract: "Redundancy is one of the tenets of emergency management because it helps to promote resilience. Agencies create redundant plans, communication methods, power systems, and locations with which to manage emergencies, mitigate natural hazards and plan for catastrophic threats. Even though Incident Command System (ICS) training guidance indirectly discourages implementing just-in-time training (JITT) for the ICS by exclusively encouraging advanced training, this thesis puts practicality before protocol to consider the use of ICS in a rural emergency operations center in a region prone to severe weather events and natural hazards, and it suggests that a redundant training system can increase resilience. By implementing a JITT program for times when traditional ICS training is not a practical solution, an emergency operations center (EOC) manager can maintain continuity for the ICS while utilizing personnel resources effectively. A carefully considered JITT program can effectively augment traditional ICS training within EOCs to increase resilience, particularly for rural emergency operation centers prone to catastrophic events and ensuing staff shortages."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Brown, Tiffany C.
2018-06
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Statewide Access Programs: A Key Component to Eliminating the Post-Disaster Access Challenge
From the Thesis Abstract; "Although the United States has a well-defined incident management doctrine, it fails to fully integrate private sector response capabilities into national and local incident management efforts. The lessons learned from the 2017 Hurricane and Wildfire Season underscored the need to improve coordination with the private sector to better assist communities in responding to and recovering from emergencies. This thesis examines how the implementation of statewide access programs can better integrate private sector response capabilities into state and local disaster management efforts. Furthermore, it explores the purpose of an access program, the importance of access management during emergencies, and common post-disaster access-related challenges. Comparative analysis was used to examine U.S. incident management policies and practices regarding the concept of access management and the benefits associated with using access programs. Although use of an access program offers many benefits, key findings attribute the lack of widespread adoption to multiple factors, ranging from inconsistent policy guidance to inadequate prioritization of private sector access needs during emergencies. Recommendations include enacting state statutes, expanding the business emergency operations center network, developing interoperable access programs, and using federal grant programs to help government at all levels to more effectively integrate the private sector into incident management efforts."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Renteria, George
2020-09
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Arctic Region Policy: Information Sharing Model Options
"Continued climate change and minimum ice conditions over the past several years is allowing for increased maritime activity in the Arctic, which may lead to potential homeland security/defense missions. In January 2009, the U.S. government acknowledged the probability of these missions with an updated Arctic Region Policy, which highlighted the need to develop capabilities to protect U.S. air, land and sea borders, military/civilian vessels and aircraft, maritime commerce, critical infrastructure and key resources. Successfully supporting these missions will depend on a coherent understanding of all the activities taking place in the Arctic region. Achieving this level of 'situational awareness' will only be possible when all equity partners and stakeholders are sharing relevant information. This thesis examined three popular information-sharing models, Alaska Information Analysis Center, Joint Interagency Coordination Group, and the Alaska Partnership for Infrastructure Protection to determine which would work best for a broad array of Arctic partners and stakeholders. The thesis' research and analysis shows that none of the models are sufficient or stand-alone; rather a megacommunity is necessary, consisting of all equity partners interfacing with the stakeholders, managed by leaders that will motivate the community to achieve a high degree of awareness for all Arctic activity."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Marie, Claire
2010-09
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Securing the Northern Maritime Border through Maritime Domain Awareness
From the thesis abstract: "Since September 11, 2001, both the United States and the Canadian governments have established plans and initiatives to improve maritime domain awareness (MDA) in their nations' ports and maritime approaches. Agencies entrusted with maritime homeland security for the United States are challenged to push detection, identification, and surveillance of maritime threats away from the U.S. shoreline. In the Great Lakes region, the proximity of the U.S.--Canada border complicates these efforts. A system-wide approach to homeland security on the Great Lakes is needed. Creation of a formal U.S.--Canada joint organizational entity with full-time representation from each federal agency, state, and province adjoining the Great Lakes would establish a binational MDA common operating picture while facilitating a timely, effective flow of information, intelligence, and resources. This research project describes the unique maritime homeland security issues confronting the Great Lakes, discusses requirements to achieve complete MDA and establish a common operating picture (COP), and reviews several models currently utilized for binational and port-centric collaboration. Finally, it recommends combining the port-centric concept of interagency operations centers required by the SAFE [Security and Accountability For Every] Port Act of 2006 with binational collaboration into a system-wide approach for a Great Lakes Maritime Operations Center."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Westling, Jeffrey C.
2010-09
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What's My Lane? Identifying the State Government Role in Critical Infrastructure Protection
From the thesis abstract: "What constitutes an effective Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources (CIKR) protection program for Massachusetts? This study evaluates existing literature regarding CIKR to extrapolate an infrastructure protection role for Massachusetts. By reviewing historical events and government strategies regarding infrastructure protection, Chapters I and II will provide scope and context for issues surrounding critical infrastructure. Chapter III reviews the roles of the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Defense, possibly the two most influential organizations tasked to support the federal infrastructure protection initiative. Chapter IV analyzes the private-sector role in infrastructure protection as articulated in federal strategies, academic research, federally directed studies, and professional journals. The National Infrastructure Protection Plan's framework for managing the risk to CIKR will be used as a guide in Chapter V to evaluate the infrastructure protection strategies of Arizona, Virginia, and Washington. Finally, Chapter VI recommends that Massachusetts develop a state infrastructure assurance program vice a Critical Infrastructure Protection Program. Concepts such as reframing the critical infrastructure debate, creating infrastructure public/private partnerships and information sharing processes to build trust among the entities invested in ensuring the delivery of infrastructure services are recommended for inclusion in a state infrastructure assurance strategy and subsequent infrastructure assurance program."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Donnelly, Timothy S.
2012-03
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Shaping the National Guard in a Post-War Environment
From the thesis abstract: "The National Guard of the United States is the nation's oldest military service, tracing its roots to the Massachusetts Bay Colony of 1636. Since its inception, the Guard has enjoyed a unique dual-role responsibility of supporting state and federal missions, and while serving in every war since the American Revolution, Guardsmen and women have also supported domestic operations from the southwest border to Hurricane Katrina. Today, the Guard is a fully operational reserve, and a critical part of the national security framework. While fully engaged in the Global War On Terror, the Guard has also made great strides toward becoming the lead military agency in domestic missions, which has always been a key mission of the Guard, and which sets it apart from its Title X counterparts. Recently, the Guard has achieved increased relevance and political victories highlighted by the recent National Guard Empowerment Act that gave the Chief of National Guard Bureau membership on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As defense spending and the size of the active force is cut in a post-war environment, this thesis reviews the best future use of the Army National Guard, and offers alternative solutions for increased effectiveness, particularly in a domestic capacity."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Crofts, Shane C.
2012-09
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Effective Municipal Emergency Planning for People With Disabilities and Others With Access and Functional Needs
From the thesis abstract: "The objective of this thesis is to examine the role of municipal government with regard to disaster planning for individuals with access and functional needs. Oftentimes, a heavy reliance on county and higher levels of government occurs. The purpose herein is to identify why municipalities should create innovative policy solutions for their jurisdictions as part of a collaborative, synthesized approach within their counties. As the first responders in a major disaster, both municipal and county governments play the critical 'local' role within Homeland Security. Conclusively, recommendations are made regarding application for supplementing and integrating planning and preparedness efforts for the best possible outcome."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Spill, Kimberly H.
2012-09
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Homeland Security: Developing National Doctrine to Guide State Strategy Development
From the thesis abstract: "If one subscribes to the belief that doctrine is a common understanding of what fundamental principles guide an organization, then this thesis demonstrates that there is currently no common understanding of homeland security. There is currently a lack of institutional doctrine that can be applied nationally for state level government to develop their homeland security strategies. The military has a long history of successfully using doctrine to develop war-fighting strategy. Comparisons can be made to the Air Forces use of doctrine to gain autonomy as well as the effect joint doctrine has on achieving unity of effort across disciplines. Additional lessons can be learned from past civil defense attempts at institutionalization and the evolution to emergency management and homeland security. By modeling of these existing, known and accepted doctrines or lack thereof, a national homeland security doctrine could emerge."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Criswell, Deanne B.
2012-03
