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Interagency Cooperation: FEMA and DoD in Domestic Support Operations
From the abstract: "Hurricane Andrew was the worst natural disaster in American history. Its sustained winds in excess of 145 miles per hour razed entire neighborhoods. Debris was scattered dangerously throughout the area, restricting access and hindering assistance efforts. The Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA], the organization tasked with coordinating relief efforts in the wake of such disasters, tried for the first time to implement the Federal Response Plan (FRP), a document that had only been approved four months before Andrew made landfall. As the lead agency, FEMA coordinated the efforts of 26 governmental agencies and the American Red Cross. The Department of Defense (DOD) also has a role in disaster relief operations. Today, publications such as the Army's Field Manual 100-19, 'Domestic Support Operations', provides doctrinal principles for domestic support. But in 1993, DOD had little, if any, doctrine written on disaster relief. When FEMA's initial relief efforts fell well short of residents' and the administration's expectations, DOD assumed a much greater role. Some authors proposed placing DOD in charge of the national disaster assistance program DOD's executive agent is the Secretary of the Army. This paper studies the interagency cooperation between DOD and FEMA, focusing specifically on the evolution of doctrine and procedures for responding to natural disasters. While both FEMA and DOD have improved in their ability to respond to disasters, some obstacles remain. Funding pre-disaster activities and the inability to use Reserve forces are the two most significant remaining shortcomings. Additionallv, FEMA's failure to quickly integrate the lessons learned from previous disasters impacted negatively on response and relief operations after Hurricane Andrew."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Fischer, Carl E.
1997-05-22
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Water and Conflict in the Middle East
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph assesses the potential for conflict in the Middle East as a result of water scarcity. It is guided by the Homer-Dixon model linking the contributions of environmental scarcity to violent conflict. The monograph begins with a general overview of the water scarcity issue In the Middle East. It then examines the analytical framework developed by Homer-Dixon to gain an understanding of the contributions of decreasing quality and quantity of renewable resources, population growth, and unequal resource access to the development of environmental scarcity. The framework is further used to establish the linkage between between [sic] environmental scarcity and the outbreak of violent conflict. With an understanding of the relationship between environmental scarcity and violent conflict developed, the monograph investigates the three major Middle East water scarcity regions of the Jordan, Tigris-Euphrates: and Nile river basins. Investigation of these three basin regions focuses on the factors of water quality and quantity, population growth, and water access. Additionally, history of water related conflict in each basin is also reviewed. The monograph concludes with an assessment that the Jordan river basin is the region most likely to experience violent conflict in the future as a result of water scarcity."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Woolwine, Stephen M.
1997-05-22
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System for Humanitarian Intervention?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph investigates the reasons for the lack of coordination and combined effort between political leadership, military engagement and humanitarian activity during a humanitarian intervention. […] The monograph first describes the changed nature of conflicts with the end of the Cold War and defines intra state conflicts, which result in failed states, as happened in Somalia, as the most likely type of conflict for the foreseeable future. After a brief description of the nature of humanitarian intervention as a new type of peace operation in a post-Cold War environment and the anatomy of a failed state the focus is on analyzing the political-, military-, and humanitarian key actor's criteria for action and success in humanitarian interventions. The monograph discusses the reasons for failure in humanitarian interventions like Somalia as a combination of the key actor's still Cold War dominated event-or situation-oriented view instead of a process-oriented view necessary to create a 'New World Order' and not adjusted criteria for action and success in a new crises environment. The basis for the lack of political, military and humanitarian cooperation is the missing combined systematic approach for conflict resolution. The study concludes in defining three basic principles -the acceptance of humanitarian intervention as a process, the necessary shift from a force-oriented to a time-oriented approach, and the application of a dynamic combined strategy -for a system to successfully combine the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of a humanitarian intervention."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Halbauer, Volker
1997-05-22
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Information Operations - A New Tool for Peacekeeping
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph discusses the application of information operations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of peace missions ranging from peacekeeping to peace imposition. Using a variety of models and an examination of the components of information operations this monograph demonstrates the applicability of these operations to peace missions. Examples from recent history provide a backdrop for evaluating previous applications and investigating other potential uses of information operations to support peace missions. […] The monograph first examines the status of international relations as a result of the demise of the Soviet Union and the rise of information technology. The impact of these two earthshaking events have forever changed the face the world. As the nations of the world seek a new geometry of relationships without the Soviet Union the level of violence continues to rise. Without the unifying ideologies of the Cold War, many nations are seeking identity through ethnicity. This factor in conjunction with a freedom to act completely in promotion of national interests without the specter of a global nuclear war has led to a very unstable world. […] Information operations allow cost effective solutions to violence by reducing the resources required to keep the peace. Peace missions can use information operations to reduce forces necessary to make peace, bypass belligerent leaders to inform populations about alternatives to violent solutions, and control the ability of belligerents to continue conflict. The maturation of the information age provides an opportunity to establish a 'Pax Informationus' and retain sufficient national resources to address domestic problems."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Phillips, Gary E.
1997-05-22
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National Guard Combat Divisions: State Militia or Federal Muscle Force Structure Mix
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph examines the current force structure of the Bottom-Up Review and its ability to meet the requirements as outlined in the National Military Strategy. The goals and objectives of the national U.S. strategy are examined in the context of the two MRC [Major Regional Contingencies] scenario as described in the National Military Strategy. Cold War logic has had a significant impact on the framers of the National Military Strategy and the Bottom-Up Review force reflects this influence. The two MRC scenario 'sizing function' has left the U.S. military with a smaller, more lethal, but probably irrelevant force in the post-Cold War environment."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Rousseau, Thomas L.
1997-05-22
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Exit Strategy: The New Dimension in Operational Planning
From the thesis abstract: "Significant changes are occurring in the force structure, operational tempo, and the roles and missions of the military for operations other than war. Strategic policy and military doctrine are evolving and exit strategy is a dominant factor in these trends. This study explores the nature of exit strategy. It reviews the changes in the post-Cold War military and the evolution of exit strategy. The paper defines the types of exit strategy and establishes criteria for an effective strategy. It relies on current documents and case studies of various peace operations to examine exit strategy."
Army War College (U.S.)
Gilpin, Michael D.
1997-05-15
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Information as an Operational Factor
The student of operational art would say that to achieve the freedom to act the operational commander must properly balance time, space and forces - the classic operational factors. But these factors alone do not adequately address all the issues in achieving strategic and operational objectives. This paper will not challenge the validity of time, space and forces as operational factors but will focus on the examination of information as a separate operational factor. Through identification of major key elements of the operational factor, information: information infrastructure, information warfare, intelligence, the media and adversary knowledge, analysis will be presented on how these elements influence a commander's freedom to act. Evolving doctrine, classic writings and historic examples will be cited to support exploration of the central thesis. Additionally, a short analogy will be utilized to relate operational factor requirements of a surgeon to that of an operational commander. The conclusion reached in this paper is that information is indeed an operational factor. With the complete assimilation of data provided by the operational factor, information, the commander will be empowered by a clear perception of the situation and will possess the essential knowledge to support appropriate and timely application of the proper mix and quantity of force. On the other hand, failing to appreciate information as an operational factor may lead the commander to a fallacious belief that overwhelming conventional means are required to subdue an adversary resulting in a potentially tragic asymmetric application of force.
Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department
Leugers, Jerry W.
1997-05
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How Much for a Pound of Communication?
"Thesis: Did historical advances in communication technology drive changes in the Command, Control and Communication architecture in use by the Ground Force components of Marine Corps forces? How should today's communication technology affect existing communication architecture doctrine? Discussion: How much is a pound of communication worth to a warfighter? No communication is disastrous; as would be a budget containing only communication purchases. Where is the balance between proper coordination and "all talk, no fight?" Understanding communication equipment use requires the understanding of the strategy of its employment. This paper evaluates the evolution of military communication architectures for the last fifty years. Through this analysis a methodology for implementing communication technology advances should be evident. Conclusions: The Ground Component of Marine Corps forces, at the regiment and below, uses the same communication architecture as in World War II. However one fundamental principle (analog) used by all military radios did not change. Today we face a revolution in communication technology, digital communication. Digital communication techniques may replace fifty years of analog improvements. Consider how digital compact disks virtually eliminated the analog phonograph record industry. Recommendations: Use commercial, digital, satellite communication equipment along with existing military equipment. Implementing the fruits of the commercial market advances can provide both an edge and a gap filler for military communication."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Ruud, Paul E.
1997-04-16
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Tao of War: Balance in the National Military Strategy
From the thesis abstract: "Esoteric wisdom is not restricted to tradition and religion. Modem subnuclear physics, organizational systems theories and even teachings in 'critical thinking' lead to the same truth: cooperation forms the very foundation of life. This document illustrates how individuals and nations can be guided by esoteric wisdom. The depicted trends for the future support the expressed idealistic views. The reality of perpetually conflicting interests between people and nations is not denied, however. Idealism and realism should be balanced, although the current military documents emphasize warfighting. The concept of Preventive Defense should be more explicitly expressed in the U.S. National Military Strategy, the military doctrine and the Joint Vision 2010. The armed forces need to be able to fight the nation's wars, if necessary and preferably in coalition with other nations. However, the structure, concepts, leadership and training of the forces should show the flexibility to accept a more diplomatic role of the military, that can prevent the need for use of other military power. To preserve the peace, one should not only prepare for war, but foremost invest in alliances and mutual understanding."
Army War College (U.S.)
Bek, Willem
1997-04-15
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Peacekeeping: Is It Feasible to Expand the Role of the Reserve Components?
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of the paper is to examine the recent history of the Reserve Components participation in peacekeeping missions and determine the feasibility of expanding their role in the future. Numerous research projects, position papers and After Action Reviews have been rendered on the performance, successes, shortcomings and lessons learned on Reserve Component soldiers and units during peace operations. These documents form the basis of my analysis. In addition, leaders from both the Active and Reserve Components have provided me their assessments of past performance and future requirements of the citizen soldiers. The paper's empirical base includes survey and informal interviews of Reserve Component soldiers and their leaders who recently served in Bosnia. The overall conclusion that it is feasible to increase the Reserve Component role in peacekeeping missions is somewhat hedged by the requirement to fix the problems associated with accessing, processing, equipping, and supporting the families of the citizen soldiers."
Army War College (U.S.)
Ball, Arley J, Jr.
1997-04-07
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What the Warfighter Should Know about Space: A Report on the U.S. Space Command Joint Space Support Teams
From the thesis abstract: "U.S. Space Command (USSPACECOM) began an outreach program in 1993 to better support the regional warfighting Commanders in Chief (CINCs). The main emphasis of this initiative was to train a group of officers from within the command on exactly what space had to offer the warfighter, and deploy them to the individual CINCs to integrate space into their resident missions, tasks and operations plans. These officers formed what came to be known as the Joint Space Support Teams (JSST). The customer oriented approach that began to develop by the use of these teams was in no small measure spurred on a few years earlier by the dramatic, yet apparently ad hoc methodology of the Scud warning reports transmitted to coalition forces during the Gulf War. From this inauspicious beginning, many planners and operational commanders wondered what other space products were available to support or enhance the warfighter's efforts. In this paper, the organization of the JSST teams, their mission, and exactly what they had to bring to the table in the way of enhancing the waging of war will be examined. Furthermore, interspersed throughout the discussion will be a look into what is now occurring to improve that support. Finally, the conclusion will briefly discuss what could, or should, be done to better support the warfighter in the future."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Slaven, George E.
1997-04
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Peacetime Reprisals Under Article 51: An Argument for Legal Legitimacy in Cases of Terrorism
"This thesis proposes a change to Article 51 of the UN Charter. The use of peacetime reprisals should be afforded the same legal legitimacy under the Charter as are acts characterized as self-defense in situations of terrorism. in support of this proposal, moral grounds for the use of force in reprisals is presented in a historical perspective. Support for the proposition is next demonstrated in the Linear Model which conceptually demonstrates that self-defense and reprisals are actions triggered by the same events and should be treated similarly because they now carry identical multiple intentions. Next is a description of self-defense and the development of method of analysis for reprisals combining several scholarly methods. Following this is an analysis of three recent US actions which were characterized as self-defense under Article 51 but meet also the reprisal criteria a demonstrate the erosion of any difference between the two uses of force."
Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (United States. Army)
Coffey, Holly S.
1997-04
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Cooperative Threat Reduction
From the thesis abstract: "In response to the dangers presented by the possible diversion of WMD or the technology to rogue nations, the U.S. Congress initiated the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program in 1991. This program is designed to provide Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia with assistance in the destruction, transportation, storage, and safeguarding of WMD. CTR is projected to be a multi-billion dollar effort. Critics have charged that the program has provided little results and that the money should be redirected. Is the proliferation threat real, can it be stopped and is CTR the appropriate method of reducing the threat? The threat of proliferation from the new republics is enormous when considering the sheer size of the former Soviet arsenal. Proliferation can occur from many different sources; smuggling, technology transfer, scientist hired by outside countries, theft of whole weapons, etc.. CTR addresses a whole range of possibilities and assists in the destruction of active systems which are designed to destroy the U.S.. CTR has been successful in helping reduce the nuclear weapons delivery systems, through providing destruction equipment and dismantlement help. Clearly, the program should be continued and possibly expanded."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Webb, Jeff
1997-04-01
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Israel Security In The 21st Century: Risks and Opportunities
From the thesis abstract: "Unlike the United States which publicizes its national security strategy and national military strategy in official public documents, Israel, does not produce such documents for the general public. This may appear paradoxical in that the State of Israel, from its very inception, has invested enormous energy in its security. Nevertheless, Israel has no detailed security doctrine approved and updated by the Cabinet, the Knesset (Israel's parliament) or the General Staff. The lack of an official, published, security doctrine does not imply that Israel lacks a coherent political and military strategy based on doctrine-like concepts. Israel's political and military successes are proof to the contrary. Our purpose, then, is to identify a number of the critical Security Principles that have shaped Israeli strategy. This will provide us the foundation for our main discussion which is the risks and challenges to Israeli security in the 21st century and possible responses to those challenges."
Army War College (U.S.)
Eisenkot, Gadi
1997-03-20
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Enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Creating a 'Wider, Deeper River'
From the thesis abstract: "The security landscape in Europe is under transition. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact created opportunities for former Communist countries to develop democratic forms of government and market-based economies. These newly independent countries in Central and Eastern Europe are embracing pro-Western political, economic, and military orientations. However, threats exist in the form of neo-nationalism and expansionist forces that could derail the reform movement. The US must lead the effort to establish a security architecture in Europe that facilitates the political and economic reforms, and that can respond to present and future threats. In this way the US protects its vital national interest in Europe, which in its simplest form is stability throughout the continent so that no single entity threatens a country's sovereign right to develop a democratic government and open-market economy. The cornerstone to the new security architecture is NATO enlargement. The inclusion of new members into NATO as they meet specific prerequisites, which is somewhat expensive, along with the expansion of other Western institutions provides the stability needed for political, economic, and military reform. In addition, gradual, cautious, and transparent enlargement minimizes Russian concerns regarding the eastward movement of NATO."
Army War College (U.S.)
Crawford, Robert W.
1997-03-18
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Pilotless Air Force? A Look at Replacing Human Operators with Advanced Technology
From the thesis abstract: "Today, there are several concepts that are threatening Billy Mitchell's vision of airmen. New technology and operational concepts are threatening the existence of the human aircraft operator. Looming on the horizon are unmanned aerial vehicles, spaced based weapons, and information architectures. This research effort is limited in scope. It focuses specifically on the UAV [Unmanned aerial vehicles] issue and explores the possibility that airmen will be replaced by unmanned vehicles in the next twenty years. On the one hand, UAVs offer distinct advantages over manned aircraft. UAVs will save lives and money. UAVs are not constrained by the physiological limits of the human operator. In addition, they eliminate tough political situations that arise when airmen are shot down over unfriendly territory. On the other hand, even with advanced unmanned technology, airmen still provide the Air Force with the indispensable qualities of flexibility and adaptability. These qualities, fueled by initiative and experience, are absolutely necessary to deal with the friction inherent in war. Rapid advances in technology will produce man-in-the-loop and autonomous UAVs that will serve as force multipliers. Man-in-the-loop systems are vulnerable to communications jamming while autonomous systems do not provide the flexibility required or present a moral dilemma. Manned combat aircraft will be required to deal with uncertainty and chaos. UAVs will increase the requirements for highly trained airmen."
Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College
Nolan, Robert C., II
1997-03
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Immigration Challenge: The Use of U.S. Military Force to Control Illegal Immigration from Mexico
"Controlling illegal immigration into the United States has become a major issue in U.S. politics. A February 1997 report released by the INS estimates that there are currently 5 million illegal aliens in the United States. In 1986, when the estimated number of illegal aliens was also 5 million nationally, the U.S. Congress passed an immigration reform that allowed for many of the undocumented workers in the United States to become legal residents. Approximately, 3 million illegal immigrants have become legal residents since the passage of the 1986 legislation. The latest estimate confirms the claims of some U.S. lawmakers and immigration activists that U.S. immigration policy is largely ineffective. In 1995 two bills were introduced into the U.S. House of Representatives that called for the use of U.S. military forces to assist the INS in controlling the flow of illegal immigration. Both bills were killed in committee. With the most recent INS estimate, it is possible that similar legislation will again be introduced. This thesis examines the military option for border control. The findings are that the use of the military to control illegal immigration would result in lowered military readiness, and that the militarization of the border will produce tensions in U.S.-Mexico and U.S.-Latin American relations. Therefore, it is recommended that the military not be used to supplement the Border Patrol."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Grissom, Bruce W.
1997-03
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Evolution of Military Health Services System Wartime Manpower Requirements Generation: From the Medical Planning Module to the Medical Analysis Tool
"Major changes in post cold war strategy led to changes in force structure, missions, and anticipated casualty rates and challenged the basic assumptions that are fundamental to the process of military medical readiness planning. The Military Health Services System (MHSS) sought to refine its wartime medical requirements in order to identify the medical forces required to support the new strategy. This thesis explores the process used to determine wartime medical manpower requirements within the MHSS, explores the evolution of medical requirements planning models from the Medical Planning Module (MPM) to the Medical Analysis Tool (MAT), and provides a comprehensive analysis of the models. Documents reviewed for this thesis include reports from DoD, GAO and Congress, congressional testimony, studies conducted by think tanks including the Rand Corporation and the Center for Naval Analysis, and pertinent DoD directives and manuals. Additional data were obtained through interviews with key officials involved in the development and implementation of the MAT, particularly the Director for Logistics J-4, Medical Readiness Division, and the primary contractor developing the MAT, Booz-Allen Hamilton. The conclusions of this research are that the MPM is inflexible, inaccurate, incompatible with current technology and planning factors, and not user-friendly. The MAT is more flexible, accurate, compatible with current technology and planning factors, and user friendly than the MPM and is the best alternative for replacing it."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Jeffs, Steven M.
1997-03
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Against All Enemies Foreign and Domestic
From the thesis abstract: "As the military moves into the 21st century its focus is outward to meet a foreign threat. The growing number of militias and racial extremist in this country, that are advocating violence and the overthrow of our government, will demand that in the 21st century the military will have to look inward to meet a domestic threat. [... The 1990's] have seen a large increase in the number of Militias, Patriot movements, and religiously founded extremist, both black and white, in America. It is estimated that there are over 441 militias and 368 Patriot groups, involving by some accounts, up to five million people. The main drive behind these movements has been a growing dissatisfaction with how our government is being run and economic hardship. Most of the Militias have formed because of the fear that the United States government is being taken over by the United Nations under the auspices of the 'new world order.' The members of the militia feel they must stand up their armies and stop the take over, to protect our country. Two recent events have fueled the fires of militia mania. They are: the stand off at Ruby Ridge, Idaho and the attack on the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. Unfortunately the threats of violence are no longer just talk as shown by the Oklahoma City bombing, and the increase of militia involvement in crime to support their cause."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Pulsifer, Benjamin F.
1997
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Musicians of Mars in the Deep Attack: Noise or Harmony?
From the thesis abstract: "This monograph presents a new concept of division deep battle characterized by decentralized planning and execution by task organized, combined arms brigades instead of the current Deep Operations Coordination Cell (DOCC) method. The study first argues that current division deep battle doctrine does not support the Army's doctrinal tenets of agility or initiative. The absence of these tenets significantly reduces the likelihood of success in the deep battle. The doctrine fails these tenets by ignoring the fundamentals of combined arms operations, by over-centralizing execution and planning in the DOCC, and by not establishing unity of command. This monograph next examines similarities and contradictions in Army deep, close, and rear battle doctrine. Both close and rear battle doctrine emphasize decentralized execution of combat operations by task organized, combined arms units. On the other hand, deep battle doctrine relies on centralized execution using pure, non task organized, units. […] The study concludes that the best concept for division deep battle is a decentralized approach using task organized brigades. The division should task organize a brigade with all the necessary assets for successful completion of the deep attack. The division should provide a mission, intent, and desired end-state and decentralize further planning and execution to the deep task force commander. This concept brings agility and initiative back into the division deep battle."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Miller, James L.
1996-12-20
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Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism: Proliferation by Nonstate Actors
From the thesis abstract: "In the wake of the Cold War, a new world disorder seems to be emerging wherein the legitimacy of many states is being challenged from within by increasing non-state calls for self-determination from the likes of religious cults, hate groups, isolationist movements, ethnic groups, and revivalist movements. These movements often prey on the insecurities of the population, offering to fill psychological, sociological, political, or religious security needs of those who would join them. Of note: religious oriented groups appear to share a common ideological thread that rejects existing social, economic, and political structure demanding a structural revision of the world, a world where they become the authoritarian, dominant influence. These are the Post Modern Terrorists who possess a 'ripeness' to threaten use of weapons of mass destruction. Executive Order No. 12938 signed by President Clinton on November 14, 1994 declared a national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (those weapons categorized as nuclear, chemical or biological) posed to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. This study presents an argument suggesting that terrorist groups operating under a veneer of religion are truly the most likely candidates to threaten use of weapons of mass destruction in a mass casualty causing terrorist act."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Campbell, James K.
1996-12
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India's Nuclear Weapons Posture: The End of Ambiguity?
"This thesis examines the future of India's nuclear weapons posture. Since testing a nuclear device in 1974, India been able to produce weapons material within its civilian nuclear power program. Despite having this nuclear weapons capability, India prefers to maintain an ambiguous nuclear posture. New pressures in the post-cold war era - the loss of the Soviet Union as a strategic ally, the indefinite extension of the nuclear nonproliferation treaty, the rise of Hindu nationalism, and India's growing participation in the global economy - have the potential to derail India's current nuclear policy. This thesis identifies the domestic and international pressures on India, and assesses the prospects for India to retain its ambiguous policy, renounce the nuclear option, or assemble an overt nuclear arsenal."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Davies, Scott D.
1996-12
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Demographic Trends in France and Germany: Implications for U.S. National Security
This thesis explores the changing demographic picture in France and Germany and how it may affect U.S. national security in the near future. while demographics are only one set of the many forces driving changes in the way the United States and Western Europe interact and cooperate, they have the potential to fundamentally change the way Western Europe shapes and implements its security policies around the world. This thesis examines how demographic trends in Western Europe, particularly France and Germany, will affect those countries' abilities to fund and man viable military forces. The analysis includes topics such as immigration, terrorism, the importation of foreign conflicts, and increased nationalistic xenophobia. Finally it examines the implications these demographic changes will have on U.S. national security, in particular the willingness of France and Germany to act as U.S. allies and their ability to invest in defense spending. It concludes that while they are radically changing their force posture, France and Germany will continue to rely on the U.S. military for European security. Also, if Western Europe's social welfare programs are not significantly reformed, demographic forces will necessitate further decreases in defense spending.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Martin, Mark G.
1996-12
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Command and Control of Special Operations Forces
"Today integrated operations are a prime requirement of Special Operations Forces (SOF) and General Purpose Forces (GPF) of all services. None can unilaterally conduct operations because of strategic lift and logistic limitations. No unit is capable of all types of missions nor should any unit or its leadership believe it is capable of all types of missions. SOF must become more able to integrate jointly with all branches and services to secure its future effectiveness. This thesis looks at historical examples of four integrated operations and illustrates some definitive problems associated with them. It shows how four variables are especially significant to all levels of an operation. These variables may affect the outcome of operations significantly enough to be considered essential. The thesis summarizes the problems associated with each operation and looks at some future implications for joint warfare."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Brown, Harry S.
1996-12
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Preventing Ballistic Missile Proliferation: Lessons from Iraq
The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles is now one of the greatest threats to the United States and its allies. Efforts to contain WMD proliferation, particularly the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), have had limited success and must be improved to deal with new arms proliferation challenges. This thesis examines the case of Iraq to assess the performance of the missile nonproliferation regime since 1970. By analyzing the methods used by Iraq to obtain missile systems and missile technology, this thesis assesses the ability of the international community to prevent ballistic missile proliferation. Understanding Iraq's past capabilities as well as its post-war efforts to rebuild weapons programs and procurement networks, this thesis provides suggestions for improving the regime's performance. This thesis finds that (1) prior to 1992 the MTCR failed in its attempts to prevent proliferation; (2) the existence of the MTCR, while necessary to slow proliferation, is not sufficient to prevent proliferation; and (3) additional enforcement is needed to counter WMD acquisition by resourceful and determined states.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Talay, Brian J.
1996-12
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Personnel Planning in the Medical Service Corps: A Training Guide for Healthcare Executives
During the past decade the Medical Service Corps (MSC) has undergone a myriad of changes. The most challenging change has been the pressure to downsize while maintaining an appropriate force structure to enable it to support two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts as mandated by the Defense Planning Guidance. While the MSC has cogently developed requirements-led measures to ensure that they can support its operational and peacetime requirements, the process of personnel planning has evolved to ensure that the proper number and mix of MSC officers are available. This thesis examines the current state of personnel planning in the Medical Service Corps. Of particular interest is to identify the various organizations involved in personnel planning and how Navy Medicine uses its personnel plans to meet its readiness and peacetime missions. The three personnel plans used by the Medical Service Corps: (1) End Strength, (2) Accession, and (3) Promotion, are used to ensure that the Medical Service Corps has on active duty the right number of officers, at the right grade at the right time.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Houser, Kurt J.
1996-12
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USAF TACS Battle Management: Preparing for High Tempo Future Operations
The thesis of this paper is that "The shifting nature of warfare will bring with it demands on the USAF theater air control system (TACS) that the current USAF command, control, and execution framework and battle management training system are not preparing it for." The author writes that "The conceptual approach to warfare prior to Desert Storm was, for the most part, very sequential in nature" and that "Enhanced mobility of fighting systems and improved communications systems have dispersed and mobilized the battlefield beyond Clausewitz's wildest dreams. As a result, the US and other friendly nations will be forced to use maneuver, dispersion, speed, mobility, range, and deception to a far greater extent when facing unpredictable enemies who may potentially be armed with weapons of mass destruction. The shifting nature of warfare that we will face in the future, with its whirlwind tempo, fluidity, and reliance on responsive flexible command and control structures, begs the question--is our TACS ready for the future." The author recommends that "The Air Force must be able to command, control, and execute air operations faster, and more efficiently than the enemy can." He writes that "We must act now to design a training system which will prepare our battle managers for future warfare, otherwise we must prepare ourselves to accept the consequences" and concludes that "If we are to continue to espouse the old adage of "train how you plan to fight", then we as a service must be ready to put our money where our mouth is. Professional quality, realistic training is not a frivolous waste, it is a necessity for ensuring success in the future."
Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)
Miller, C.B.
1997
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Kurdish Nationalism: American Interests and Policy Options
The Kurds are currently the largest nation of people without their own country. They are divided among several states, predominantly Iran, Iraq and Turkey where they constitute large minorities. They have persistently been used as pawns by these countries and others, including the United States; only to be ignored once supporting them has no longer been beneficial. The Kurdish struggle for an independent homeland has repeatedly erupted into violence throughout history. To date there has been no permanent solution that has been acceptable to both the Kurds and the states they live in. This thesis will examine the history of the Kurdish struggle in order to understand how their experiences have shaped the current conditions, and to help develop an effective, long term American policy to control the situation. It will examine how the lessons of the past can be applied to policies today. The Kurdish struggle has periodically disrupted the stability and security of three of the largest nations in the Middle East. In this area, which is of vital interest to the United States, these movements threaten the fragile stability of the region. The recurring nature of these rebellions implies that it is only a matter of time before one directly threatens our interests in the area. For this reason, a thorough understanding of the Kurdish struggle is necessary.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hooks, Elizabeth R.
1996-12
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Establishment of a United Nations Standing Multinational Maritime Force- A Dream?
During the last decade, there has been a remarkable increase in attention paid to multinational military forces. The idea of UN standing multinational maritime forces has emerged as a potentially important contributor to international peace, order and stability. The assignment of national contingents to such a force on a standing basis seems desirable, but
so far there has been no international consensus on the establishment such as this force. This thesis proposes that a UN Standing Multinational Maritime Force can be an important contributor to international security. Establishing a UN Standing Multinational Maritime Force raises a central question: is it possible to establish a UN standing multinational maritime force? What are the problems and constraints of such force in the UN context? The point of this thesis is that there is a dilemma between realities and ideals, so that
the establishment of a UN Standing Multinational Maritime Force seems to be a dream foreseeable only in the distant future. This thesis highlights the political constraints and problems that complicate the creation of a standing multinational maritime force in terms of UN naval missions and supporting tasks. Consequently, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that to establish a standing multinational maritime force within the UN organization is impossible unless these constraints and problems are solved.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kiratli, Ardan
1996-12
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Counter-Organization Targeting: A Theoretical Framework for Analysis
"The purpose of this thesis is to present and substantiate a theory of counter-organization targeting. This thesis achieves this objective by creating and testing a framework for analysis which blends the principals of organization theory with classic counterinsurgency theory. The goal of this framework is to provide an analytical tool for operational-level targeting of adversary organizations during war, conflict, and stability and support operations. This study analyzes the historical precedents of counter-organization targeting to demonstrate its viability as a necessary condition for success in counterinsurgency campaigns. Additionally, by applying the framework against an unresolved case, this study validates its applicability against a broader spectrum of the operational continuum. As a result, this thesis offers an innovative framework allowing for a logical and common sense approach to observing, assessing, targeting, and interdicting adversary organizations. Finally, this thesis holds both predictive qualities with respect to understanding an organization's future behavior, as well as prescriptive qualities, in the sense of systematically attacking and neutralizing the same organization. This thesis also expands the concepts offered in U.S. Army Field Manual 100-20, 'Stability and Support Operations,' and bridges the gap between the strategic, and the tactical levels of campaign planning and execution."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Osborne, Joseph E.; Daoust, Daniel C.
1996-12
