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Carrot or Stick--a Multiple Case Study of Anti-Corruption and Incentive-Based Programs and Lessons Learned
From the thesis Abstract: "U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for protecting all U.S. borders. CBP protects all air, land, and seaports, as well as the areas on the border between the official ports of entry. Drug trafficking organizations and human trafficking organizations continually target gaps in CBP's infrastructure, practices, and methodologies to exploit any shortfalls. Outside of technology and infrastructure gaps, CBP employees themselves are targets for criminal organizations. Criminal organizations look to corrupt current employees or insert a member of the criminal organization as a new employee to further their criminal enterprise. This thesis investigates the human element in insider threats and employee corruption, as well as whether current nontechnology-based CBP tactics to combat insider threats and employee corruption requires additional fortifications. One incentive-based and one anti-corruption program are studied to determine if those programs can benefit CBP. CBP has a unique and challenging operational environment. This thesis addresses the unique operating environment encountered by CBP and provides recommendations to fill the gaps in current nontechnology-based insider threat and anti-corruption methodologies used in CBP."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Garcia, Cesar
2021-06
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Theoretical Foundations of Community Disaster Resilience
From the thesis Abstract: "The relatively recent theory of community disaster resilience (CDR) would benefit from an exploration of the established theories that form its basis. This study proposes that the approach embodied by social identity theory (SIT) from social psychology aligns with the tenets of CDR. Validating CDR through SIT supports further research in the former theory as well as informs its practical applications. This thesis presents an extensive review of academic research in both theories and qualitative analysis, highlighting connections between the two fields and providing context for future CDR researchers. Finally, this thesis offers ways to make CDR-measuring tools more effective and adaptable, so they can be used to improve a community's CDR before a disaster and customized to meet the needs of specific communities."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Barnes, Jill M.
2021-06
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New Normal: Integrating Wireless Sensor Network Systems into Fire Service Tactical Operations
From the thesis Abstract: "In the early 2000s, a key study revealed that firefighters often lack accurate information at fires. It found that in 17 incidents between 1979 and 2001, firefighter disorientation contributed to 23 fatalities. In each of these incidents, firefighters ran out of air from disorientation in prolonged, zero-visibility conditions where the fire had caused structural collapse or blocked egress. If there were a way to locate the fire faster, fewer firefighters would become disoriented, thereby saving lives. Thus, there is a pressing need for advanced alarms that provide firefighters with not only a geolocational reading of each alarm, but the temperature and smoke density as well. Such a system could also provide a map through Bluetooth connectivity to a firefighter's thermal imaging camera, allowing a firefighter to locate the fire faster. In theory, replacing standard smoke alarms with this proposed new system would provide visual data on the fire to help determine its growth, allow for quicker fire extinction, and prevent future firefighter fatalities. Using a modified version of George Heilmeier's catechism, this thesis lays out the blueprint for a new sensor technology to be integrated with current fire alarm plans to help firefighters locate fires more swiftly and safely."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Kelly, Antoine D., Jr.
2021-06
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Addressing FEMA's Recruitment Challenges: Lessons from Teach for America
From the thesis Abstract: "This thesis is a single-case study of Teach for America's model for recruitment and selection of young adults. The civil service has struggled with recruitment, which is becoming increasingly urgent as its workforce ages. Human capital challenges are at the center of mission failures in government. National service is an indicator of civic engagement, which is necessary for the functioning of democracy. The Federal Emergency Management Agency remarked on its goal to 'cultivate the next generation of emergency managers' in its 2016 Human Capital Strategic Plan, and yet its challenges with recruitment persist. On the other hand, Teach for America is a shining example of recruitment to national service while the government is struggling. The civil service has yet to address long-standing challenges with its organization, particularly its human capital systems that control recruitment, hiring, selection, and performance management. These challenges undermine public trust in government and also have a direct impact on recruitment. To examine the civil service's recruitment shortfalls, this study examined Teach for America's model. This study provides recommendations and a summary of findings that may inform government leaders who wish to recruit and hire young adults."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Ellenwood, Mikaela
2021-06
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To Detain or Not to Detain: The Legal, Financial, and Humanitarian Ramifications of Detaining All Migrants Without a Lawful Status
From the thesis Abstract: "This thesis analyzes the implications--legal, financial, and humanitarian--arising from immigrant detention in the United States. The methods used are as follows: legal analysis, both international and domestic; cost analysis of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities and private prisons; and comparative analysis of actual immigrant detention conditions to international norms and ICE's self-imposed standards. This thesis finds the following: immigrant detention is legal in the United States with limited constitutional protections; the financial costs for immigrant detention are difficult to estimate accurately; U.S. immigrant detention practices appear to violate international norms; and ICE's self-imposed standards are hard to meet. This thesis concludes policies that more clearly define the requirements for immigrant detention in the United States should be limited in use and scope. Furthermore, the U.S. government should either implement new laws and regulations or modify existing ones to establish a more consistent standard regarding which migrants without a lawful status should be detained pending criminal or administrative proceedings."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Davis, Valerie A.
2021-12
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How Can the Balanced Scorecard Develop a Leadership Development Program for the FBI?
From the thesis Abstract: "Superior performance with long-lasting effects is the hallmark of a thriving organization. The success orfailure of any organization hinges on its leaders to make the correct decisions at the correct time. As an organization grows in size and diversity, leadership must look both horizontally and vertically to ensure that the mission is completed. The leadership of any successful organization must be able to rely on its executive level management, its subordinates, as well as those in positions of authority who are similar in nature. This research paper examines the use of Kaplan and Norton's balanced scorecard as a conceptual model to evaluate the Federal Bureau of Investigation's performance. The paper explores the balanced scorecard's identified deficits, discusses the potential reasons for the deficiencies, and makes recommendations on potential ways to address these shortcomings."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Dijoseph, Jason
2021-12
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Finding Safety in Numbers: Exploring the Possibilities of Terrorism Consequence Models as Public Safety Planning Tools
From the thesis Abstract: "Special events and mass gatherings present significant vulnerabilities across the United States and remain attractive targets for violent extremists. This study contends that a more realistic understanding of their human consequences (i.e., civilians killed or wounded) can help inform the deployment of limited resources and personnel to mitigate the potential consequences. Specifically, this thesis investigates how predictive analysis models could be developed, vetted, and implemented as public safety planning tools. The study examines the relationship between the crowd size and the killed or wounded rates of common terrorism attack types. When a relationship exists, the research explores how that relationship can be expressed as a mathematical model that predicts future lethality. The relationship between the crowd size, killed or wounded, and attack type is examined using regression analysis. Of the five attack types reviewed, only two yielded enough data for this level of statistical analysis. The results show a mostly weak relationship, which suggests that overall crowd size holds little influence over the total casualty rate. Instead, the weapon's effective range, crowd density, and ease of egress are recommended as future areas of continued study. This thesis also suggests continued research and development of probabilistic consequence models while identifying options for collaboration and implementation."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Ford, Ryan M.
2021-12
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Securing America's Humanitarian Mission: How Mobile Technology Can Enhance Refugee Vetting
From the thesis Abstract: "The security vetting of refugees proves problematic, as refugees are often without documents to verify their identity. However, refugees are often in possession of mobile devices that could serve as a proof of identity. If the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) implemented a mobile phone vetting program, it could assist in identifying nefarious actors while expediting the security vetting process. Three policy alternatives were analyzed for a mobile phone screening program in the USRAP: (1) maintain the status quo of applicants' mobile phones not being screened, (2) implement mandatory screening of all applicants' mobile phones, and (3) administer a threat-based targeted approach where only the phones of applicants whose cases have fraud and/or national security indicators are screened. The alternatives were evaluated by efficiency (time and cost), risk to national security, and ethical consideration. Ultimately, a threat-based targeted approach was determined to be the best policy alternative, as it optimized efficiency, minimized risk to national security, and limited arbitrariness of mobile phone screening."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Kessinger, Gregory S.
2021-12
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Seminaries in the System: The Effects of Prison Seminaries on Recidivism, Inmate Violence, and Costs
From the Thesis Abstract: "Rehabilitation is one of the main goals of the correctional system, with numerous and varied programs being implemented for centuries. The United States spends millions on rehabilitation programs, yet recidivism rates, prison violence, and correctional costs continue to rise. This thesis explores how prison seminaries are addressing these issues and in the process, changing inmates' attitudes and behaviors. Examining Angola, the first prison seminary that became a model for many subsequent prison seminaries, including interviews with inmates and prison staff, reveals how inmates' attitudes and behaviors changed as a result of their seminary. Similar programs that follow Angola's model were also reviewed to determine if there was a reduction in acts of violence and a change in inmates' prosocial behaviors as a result of the programs. This thesis analyzed quantitative evidence in the form of prison statistics and inmate conduct records to determine if prison seminaries lower rates of recidivism as well as inmate violence. Legal case studies were used to evaluate the constitutionality of prison seminaries. Finally, this thesis identified reasons why prison seminaries are changing the overall culture of prisons, including individual identity transformations, the activities of inmate ministers, and participation in religious activities. The findings reveal prison seminaries are reducing both recidivism rates and inmate violence, which reduces the overall costs of incarceration."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Dotson, Roy D.
2019-12
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Role of Isolation in Radicalization - How Important Is It?
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis will provide readers an in-depth analysis of three well-known terrorists in order to highlight the role isolation played in their radicalization process. This thesis researched Timothy McVeigh, responsible for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombings; Anders Behring Breivik, responsible for the 2011 massacres in Oslo and Utøya, Norway; and Omar Hammami, an American-born individual believed to have been involved in numerous terrorist attacks throughout Somalia on behalf of al-Shabaab. The research evaluated both international and domestic terrorists with differing ideologies, and these individuals were found to represent a broad spectrum. The thesis specifically evaluated whether or not each individual experienced social, emotional, or perceived isolation at any point throughout his radicalization process. It was determined that isolation does play a very multifaceted role in both the initial involvement and initial engagement phases of radicalization. By better understanding the contributing factors of radicalization, homeland security officials may be better positioned to effectively intervene, prevent, or deter radicalization." A 6-min, 17 second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=750839]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hug, Erin C.
2013-12
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Preventing School Shootings: A Public Health Approach to Gun Violence
From the thesis abstract: "Gun violence in America must be addressed at the highest levels of society. Newtown, Aurora, and Virginia Tech were attacks on the very fabric of America. School shootings represent attacks on our nations' future. A public health approach to gun violence focuses on prevention. Public safety professionals, educators and community leaders are squandering opportunities to prevent horrific acts of extreme violence. Preparedness is derived by planning, which is critical to mobilizing resources when needed. Rational public policy can work. Sensible gun legislation, which is accessible through a public health approach to gun violence, neither marginalizes nor stigmatizes any one group. University administrators must fully engage the entire arsenal of resources available to confront this pernicious threat. The academic community can create powerful networks for research, collaboration and information sharing. These collective learning environments are investments in the knowledge economy. In order for the police to remain relevant, they must actively engage the community they serve by developing the operational art necessary to cultivate knowledge, relationships and expertise. Police departments must emphasize strategies that improve performance. Police officers must understand the mission and meaning of 'To Protect and Serve' and the consequences of public safety, which often comes at their personal peril. Gun violence in America is a public health epidemic and preventing it requires a collective responsibility." A 7-min, 6-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 736902]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Welch, Edward J.
2013-03
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Whistleblowing in a Wikileaks World: A Model for Responsible Disclosure in Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Whistleblowing serves as a check/balance system to the government bureaucracy, helping to bypass administrative roadblocks and to provide a mechanism through which homeland security can monitor and increase efficiency in its operations. However, homeland security also deals with information that can be of a sensitive or secret nature, the unauthorized disclosure of which can cause damage to both homeland security efforts and national security. The current process for the authorized submission of whistleblowing information fails to provide whistleblowers the protections they require, instead encouraging whistleblowers to disclose information to the media or through stateless news organizations like Wikileaks to prevent reprisals. The technological capability to provide whistleblowers protections through anonymity currently exists, and has been demonstrated to be effective. By leveraging those technologies and setting up an authorized process for responsible disclosure, through which homeland security employees can submit whistleblowing information without fear of reprisals, it may increase the likelihood of whistleblowers reporting issues in the first place, and reduce the number of leaks to unauthorized recipients (media/stateless news organizations)." An 11-min, 12-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=722104]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Bernard, Gregory M.
2012-03
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Defining the Role of Public Health in Disaster Recovery: An Evaluation of State Public Health Planning Efforts
From the thesis abstract: "There is very little to direct public health planning for long-term disaster recovery. This research surveyed plans from nine hurricane-prone states to determine the extent to which those plans comply with recently published standards from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 2011. An abstraction form was devised to score each plan and to document novel or innovative components within each plan. Results indicate poor compliance with the CDC standards; 79 percent of the assessments of individual preparedness components resulted in a score of zero (on a scale of zero to four). Particularly notable was a lack of planning for continuity of operations and the insufficient plans for advising residents and partner agencies as to the plans and locations for providing services after a disaster. A complicating factor was the general lack of acceptance, by public health, of the fact that public health recovery should be focused on restoring community services instead of simply restoring operations of public health agencies. This research identifies smart practices that can be adopted by public health agencies in an attempt to ensure a robust level of recovery preparedness." An 8-min, 47-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 736898]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Davidson, Nicholas E.
2013-03
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Use of an Enhanced Polygraph Scoring Technique in Homeland Security: The Empirical Scoring System -- Making a Difference
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis studies the polygraph Empirical Scoring System (ESS) to determine its potential use in homeland security and the war on terror. The research based its analysis on raw data previously collected by other researchers, who removed identifications from the data and subsequently provided it for study here. The results are described in regards to criterion accuracy; diagnostic capability; proportions of correct, errors, and inconclusive results; and the difference in scoring accuracy based upon participant employment and experience. Twelve scorers in three cohorts scored 22 You-Phase examinations taken from the Department of Defense--confirmed archives. One cohort used the three-position test data analysis (TDA) system, another cohort used the seven-position TDA system, and the final cohort used the ESS TDA system. All TDA systems proved equally capable of diagnostic ability. ANOVAs [Analysis of Variance] showed no significant differences between the distributions of ESS and transformed scores. No significant differences were found in decision accuracy with correct, inconclusives, errors rates for ESS scores, and those from the other two TDA systems. That ESS can complement other current hand-score TDA systems is suggested. However, that it could supplant other TDA systems is not confirmable by this study. Further study is recommended." A 6-min, 54-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=722102]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Robertson, Bruce P.
2012-03
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Does Homeland Security Constitute an Emerging Academic Discipline?
From the thesis abstract: "In the wake of 9/11, the enterprise now called homeland security rocketed into the limelight leaving an educational gap that many academic institutions rushed in to fill. Educators and scholars alike from various disciplines rallied together to form a useful curriculum, and in doing so, they established a new community that shares a common intellectual commitment to making insightful, valuable, and practical contributions to the sphere of human knowledge focused on societal resilience and prosperity. Once the dust settled, a debate began to unfold. Is homeland security an emerging academic discipline? This paper seeks to answer the question by defining a common analytical framework for what constitutes an academic discipline including the concept of legitimacy and the interrelationships or 'coevolution' between academia, industry, and government. It then compares through qualitative research and weighted scoring several widely accepted disciplines to see how they fit within this model. Finally, given the persistent threat of natural and manmade disasters, steady funding and continuous career prospects, ongoing rapid advances in technology, and systematic widespread integration into university curricula, this research concludes that homeland security has begun its emergence as a formal academic discipline especially given the interdisciplinary nature of its dynamic and complex domain." A 6-min, 1-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 736899]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Falkow, Michael D.
2013-03
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Road Less Traveled: Exploring the Experiences and Successes of Women Leaders in Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Today, women constitute over 50% of the United States' population. Yet, women are still a minority in many workforce fields, including homeland security. A woman currently leads the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and women have achieved high levels of leadership within the federal homeland security apparatus. While great strides are being made, women are still clearly the minority and hold an average of 20% of leadership positions in homeland security related professions, such as law enforcement, fire, and emergency management. These numbers do not reflect the success that women who achieve leadership positions in the homeland security profession experience. Qualitative research was conducted through personal interviews with 14 women who currently hold, or have previously held, top leadership positions in federal, state or local agencies with homeland security responsibilities. Data gathered from these interviews shows that women are succeeding in homeland security leadership positions due to various factors including experience, education, the influence of strong mentors and role models, personality traits like tenacity and confidence, having vision, and their ability to overcome obstacles and barriers and take advantage of opportunities available to them." A 6-min, 55-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 736903]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
West, Jonna
2013-03
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Suicide Terrorism in America?: The Complex Social Conditions of This Phenomenon and the Implications for Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "This research applies social identity and intergroup relations theory to the phenomenon of suicide terrorism and develops a framework that can be used to better understand the threat of suicide terrorism and the implications for United States homeland security. Suicide terrorism is growing worldwide and is becoming more geographically diverse. Traditional studies of suicide terrorism tend to seek causal explanations of the phenomenon. This research uses a grounded theory approach to study the phenomenon that seeks to offer insight, enhance understanding, and provide a meaningful framework for understanding. The findings of this research recommend an alternate framework for understanding suicide terrorism based on the application of social identity theory and intergroup relations theory. Through the identification of alternative normative accounts in the choices that individuals make, this research is able to identify the complex social conditions of suicide terrorism and argues that the phenomenon is driven by powerful socio-cultural systems that prey on an individual's basic identity needs." A 9-min, 44-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 730385]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Fleece, Richard J.
2012-12
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Where Do I Start? Decision Making in Complex Novel Environments
"Threats to our country have never been more real, nor had more potential to impact large populations of Americans. From the homeland defense perspective, some ideology-based groups have the ability and intention to attack the United States in ways that we as a nation have never imagined. As our world grows more complex and unpredictable, our first responders need tools to enable them to operate in this space. This thesis focuses on how decisions are made in complex novel environments. Using Grounded Theory methodology, interviews were conducted with public safety personnel who had past experience managing incidents that matched the study criteria. Aspects of Complexity Theory and Recognition-Primed Decision Making were identified as core components. Based on these findings, a descriptive process model was developed that modifies the existing Recognition-Primed Decision Making model in order to account for novel situations, in addition to those cases where the decision maker has previous experience. The Exploration and Exploitation Decision Making model (Ex2DM) is based on actual practices by both law enforcement and fire-rescue professionals. With an understanding of the unique characteristics of complex environments and how decisions are made under these conditions, public safety personnel will be better prepared to manage complex incidents." An 11-minute, 10-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 723414]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Diaz, Sara Katherine
2010-09
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Making Sense in the Edge of Chaos: A Framework for Effective Initial Response Efforts to Large-Scale Incidents
"A review of response efforts to 9/11 revealed considerable challenges to resolving an event of this magnitude. To cope with these challenges, the federal government created the National Incident Management System (NIMS), an organizational structure intended to manage resources and channel communication between disparate agencies working together to solve a catastrophic crisis. Yet, first responders who have been on-scene at large-scale events know there is an initial phase of chaos during which the forms, checklists and organizational structure of NIMS offer them little help for making sense of the situation. A large-scale event moves through the four phases of the cynefin framework: chaotic, complex, complicated and simple. First responders must insert themselves into the initial chaos and begin to move it toward complexity. NIMS, then, becomes a valuable tool in the complicated arena to help restore the simple order of pre-event normalcy. This thesis draws from sensemaking theory, human resource management literature, social science and biological science foundations to create a framework for first responder use during the initial chaos inherent in large-scale incidents. It recommends expanding NIMS to include recognition and discussion of this initial phase. Using a combination of classroom and scenario-based training, it also suggests a template to better educate first responders." A 9-minute, 7-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 723428]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Renaud, Cynthia E.
2010-09
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Contribution of Police and Fire Consolidation to the Homeland Security Mission
"This thesis explores the idea of consolidating police and fire departments as a unique way to deliver public safety services to communities in an integrated fashion. It investigates how the uniqueness of this concept can fit into our plan to prevent, protect, respond, and mitigate interrelated challenges in a fully coordinated approach. The main claim of this study is that the consolidation of police and fire services enhances communication among disciplines, creates unified leadership and command, and aids in attaining a high level of comprehensive emergency response and planning--and that this improves the execution of the homeland security mission. Through a comparative case study, the research focuses on the history and organizational design of three consolidated departments; the perspective they have towards collaboration and homeland security; and the reported advantages and challenges attributed to these models. The thesis will use the homeland security mission as a backdrop in order to examine the concept of consolidation through comparative case studies. As our country continues to deal with multifaceted threats that force our disparate organizations to integrate in a unified effort; what are the contributions that the consolidation of police and fire services have on the homeland security mission?" An 8-minute, 23-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 20950]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Mata, Vinicio R.
2010-03
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Before the Emergency: A Framework for Evaluating Emergency Preparedness Alternatives at Higher Education Institutions
From the thesis abstract: "This research gathered information about the ways in which 10 higher education institutions (HEIs) in the U.S. are currently making decisions about which emergency preparedness activities to pursue and how those most familiar with emergency management at HEIs think that these decisions should be made. Using this information, in concert with principles from the field of decision analysis, a conceptual framework was developed to enable decision makers to evaluate proposed preparedness alternatives using a normative approach to decision making. A simplified version of the framework was then presented to demonstrate how a proposed preparedness activity could be evaluated using the model and how several proposed alternatives could be compared to one another. In addition to presenting an analytical framework for evaluating preparedness options, recommendations were offered for optimizing preparedness and preparedness decision making at HEIs. These recommendations centered on the organizational structure of an emergency management program, including roles and responsibilities; strategic planning efforts specific to emergency management; and innovative practices currently being utilized by the HEIs involved in this study." A 7-minute, 19-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 723429]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Wilson, Laura L.
2010-09
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Transportation Security Administration's Four Major Security Programs for Mass Transit - How They Can Be Improved to Address the Needs of Tier II Mass Transit Agencies
"The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has established four major programs for the security of mass transit against terrorism. This thesis examined how these programs can be improved to address the terrorism security needs of the nation's 51 transit agencies in urban areas classified as Tier II. Homegrown terrorism represents a new and changing threat to Tier II regions. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) and The National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies examined the DHS [Department of Homeland Security] risk analysis methodology. Both identified problems with the risk analysis methodology used for the distribution of TSA's security program resources. This thesis used the interview and policy options methodologies to find ways to improve these security programs. The focus of the study was on high level strategic goals of increasing law enforcement officers, and increasing explosives detection canine teams for Tier II transit agencies. Strategic recommendations for achieving these goals and other tactical considerations are enumerated. These recommendations and considerations will be forwarded to the Transit Police and Security Peer Advisory Group (PAG) that advises the TSA on these types of issues. If the PAG finds them to be of merit, it may choose to present them to the TSA." A 6-min, 19-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 723430]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Joyce, John P.
2011-03
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Freed: Ripples of the Convicted and Released Terrorist in America
"The release of convicted terrorists from American prisons is inevitable. This thesis frames and initiates discourse about this unexplored phase of the terrorism continuum. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, we arrive at four findings: (1) we do not yet know to what extent convicted and released terrorists pose a threat; (2) convicted terrorists are treated no differently from an administrative or social standpoint from most other criminals; (3) the American public knows very little about convicted and released terrorists; and (4) there is no defined entity responsible for convicted and released terrorists. We then extrapolate the political, social, and legal implications of these findings, including whether our theoretical or structural frameworks are adequate to the threat. How might such a threat be measured or determined, by whom, and with what policy consequences? We look at existing models ranging from sex offender registries to megacommunities and existing sociological theories of terrorism as potential tools with which to address this complex and interdisciplinary issue." An 8 minute, 8 second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=723434]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Brown, Michael A.
2011-03
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Effective Selection: a Study of First-Line Supervisor Selection Processes in the Department of Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Leadership is crucial in any organization. Executive leadership provides guidance, direction and structure. First-line supervisors ensure that the vision, guidance and direction of executive leaders become reality in an organization, and they also are responsible for the morale and motivation of nonsupervisory employees. Historically, federal agencies have struggled with developing and implementing selection processes that produce effective first-line supervisors. This research examines the four most important tenets of a selection process. These four tenets include laws and regulations that govern first-line supervisor selection processes, the accepted competencies associated with effective first-line supervisors, assessment tools used in the selection process and most effective measures in assessing organizational performance and first-line supervisors. Using a multi-method approach that includes survey data, interviews and policy review, this study compares first-line supervisor selection processes for effective and less effective federal agencies, as measured by the Federal Human Capital Survey (FHCS)/Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FedView). Finally, conclusions and recommendations are offered for developing standards and improving first-line supervisor selection processes in DHS [Department of Homeland Security] and the rest of the federal government." A 7-min, 53-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 723440]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kaminsky, Mark T.
2011-03
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Prostitution as a Possible Funding Mechanism for Terrorism
"An essential component of defeating terrorist is targeting their financing and fundraising mechanisms. Successfully targeting terrorist financing may disrupt an organization's existence, prevent an attack, or reduce the harm produced by an attack. As a result of these efforts, al Qaeda faces financial challenges they have not experienced in a decade. Whether in response to these efforts, or as a deliberate strategic shift, terrorist organizations have been extremely adaptive and creative in adjusting their fundraising efforts; specifically turning to criminal enterprises. While there is still debate regarding the level of cooperation between criminal and terrorist organizations, it is generally agreed that terrorist organizations and their affiliates are increasingly relying on criminal enterprises to fund their operations. This thesis will examine whether prostitution is funding terrorism, and if it is logical and reasonable to conclude that a highly adaptable terrorist organization would fund their operations using prostitution. Prostitution is a highly profitable business requiring no specialized skill set and very little cost to entry. The business opportunities are unlimited, and it is business that law enforcement, prosecutors, and the courts do not consider as a serious crime, but rather a harmless vice voluntarily entered into by all parties. A failure to seriously consider prostitution as a funding mechanism demonstrates a potentially fatal lack of imagination." A 12-minute, 24-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 20553]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
DiGiacomo, Richard J.
2010-06
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Getting Serious About Games -- Using Video Game-Based Learning to Enhance Nuclear Terrorism Preparedness
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis proposes the development of a video game platform to increase the public's knowledge of required protective actions in the event of a nuclear terrorism attack. Current scientific analyses have identified elementary steps the public should take to increase the likelihood of survival in the event of a nuclear terrorism incident; however, a knowledge gap currently exists with regard to the public's understanding of these required actions. Unfortunately, todays preparedness initiatives do not have the efficacy required to impact significant improvements in this area. Video games, more specifically a sub-genre of games known as serious games, are uniquely postured to address this knowledge gap. Not only do video games provide a motivating, enriching and engaging educational medium, but also they are unique in that they address the emerging educational needs of today's games generation, which desires more interactive educational environments since they have been immersed in technology for the majority of their lives. As such, leveraging this technology can help close the current knowledge gap and increase the nation's resilience to nuclear terrorism." A 9-min, 2-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 722099]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Gorman, Chad M.
2012-03
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Your Faith, My Fear: Countering Consent to Cosmic Positioning
From the thesis abstract: "Addressing American fear of discourse on faith, as indicated through evolving American faith narratives, is essential in effectively countering modern day terrorism and to sustaining and securing the republic founded upon unique and enduring democratic principles. This research explores American faith narratives and subsequent relevance to cosmic war, the consequences of American reactions and perceptions to religious extremism, and the prospect, parameters, and purpose of inclusive faith discourse in the public square. Reactions and realities explored herein are framed through (1) American history of faith in the public square; (2) theoretical world views--how we know the enemy and know ourselves through Social Identity Theory and Positioning Theory, and (3) fear of unknown or uncomfortable concepts related to faith as evidenced through storylines inherent in American faith narratives. Influencing the global perception of America involves imagining the possibilities to ensure that future generations are afforded the American tradition of opportunity and freedom. This involves aggressively initiating public discourse on faith based upon securing diverse religious freedoms and beliefs and democratic principles in such a way that American faith narratives position the United States as a positive global and social influence, thereby impacting the global terrorists' threat." A 14-min, 13-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 722111]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Nations, Julie
2012-03
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Nation That Cried Lone Wolf: A Data-Driven Analysis of Individual Terrorists in the United States Since 9/11
From the thesis abstract: "Lone-wolf terrorist attacks have occurred in the United States throughout the country's history. Attempted attacks from individual terrorists unaffiliated with terrorist groups may be becoming more prevalent. Both the general public and government officials acknowledge the presence and importance of these attacks; however, relatively little literature exists on the subject compared to group terrorism. Much of the information on lone wolves has been established by case study, inference, and known characteristics of group terrorism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of lone-wolf terrorism through formal statistical models. The study then synthesizes data with case study and existing literature to formulate a base of knowledge for lone-wolf terrorism. This study demonstrates that no single dispositional profile of a lone-wolf terrorist exists. The individuals who engage in the tactic of lone-wolf terrorism form a unique ideology that combines personal grievances with common terrorist goals. Still, many lone-wolf cases exhibit certain characteristics. This thesis analyzes these characteristics and their relationship with successful attacks. These data on characteristics, goals, and motivations of lone wolves purport policies to increase engagement between the community and curb lone-wolf terrorism and its effects." An 8-min, 28-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 722103]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Eby, Charles A.
2012-03
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Health Security Intelligence: Assessing the Nascent Public Health Capability
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis explores the current state of public healths (HS) intelligence capability across State, Local, Tribal and Territorial (SLTT) jurisdictions through qualitative analysis of current public health jurisdiction plans for the collection, analysis, product creation, dissemination and programmatic oversight related to public health inputs into the homeland security intelligence apparatus. An assessment was conducted using an online Plan Assessment Tool, or PLAT, that allowed jurisdictional public health leadership to provide de-identified responses. This assessment of 25 of the 62 federally funded SLTT public health preparedness programs indicates one impediment to the continued maturation of this new intelligence capability is the lack of codified plans. The results also suggest that while public health programs at the SLTT level do indeed have much room for improvement, there is a burgeoning intelligence capability within public health. However, to sustain and improve this emergent capability will require a national effort to create mission focus and centralized guidance." A 10-min, 42-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 722109]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Minarcine, Scott
2012-03
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Crossing the River: A Conceptual Framework for Response to Chaos
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis suggests that the existing protocols for initial emergency response to a chaotic event do not take advantage of the decision-making skills of front-line responders. Building from a foundation derived from the concepts of reductionism, holism and the Cynefin framework, a purposeful sample of real-world incidents was examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate how front-line, emergent decision making can positively impact a chaotic emergency scene. From the research and sampling, a conceptual framework was developed that supports the implementation of a protocol that encourages front-line decision making. The research also identifies a point during the response that signifies entry into the chaotic domain. The REACT framework (respond, engage, act, communicate and transition) is proposed to empower first responders and give them the ability to respond to a crisis when there is not plan. The REACT framework is capable of being implemented at the lowest level of emergency response agencies. The utilization of this framework allows the decision-making skills of responders to develop incrementally. In addition, this thesis suggests that the framework serves as a mechanism to teach critical thinking and decision making." An 11-min, 1-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did= 722110]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Linthicum, David W.
2012-03
