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Role of State and Local Jurisdictions in Identifying and Protecting Critical Infrastructure
From the thesis abstract: "Over the last several years, the after effects of several major disasters have severely impacted state, local, and regional critical infrastructure. Research was conducted via an analysis of the National Infrastructure Protection program and a case study of the State of New Hampshire Critical Infrastructure Program to determine to what extent the federal criteria for identifying federal critical infrastructure and key resources apply to state and local identification of critical infrastructure and key resources. The analysis of the 'National Infrastructure Protection Plan' and subsequent sector-specific plans indicates that there is no clear connection between the 'National Infrastructure Protection Plan' and local government critical infrastructure and key resources protection and resiliency planning. Research also found that despite clear references to engaging state and local jurisdictions in planning, there was no evidence to support collaboration efforts between federal, state, and local jurisdictions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Christopoulos, Chris, Jr.
2013-12
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Using Information-Sharing Exchange Techniques from the Private Sector to Enhance Information Sharing Between Domestic Intelligence Organizations
From the thesis abstract: "Security and intelligence organizations have challenges in information sharing have resulted in incomplete information. Since 2001 state and local governments in the United States have formed information sharing hubs called fusion centers which request information from peer fusion centers as well as sharing situation reports about emerging and ongoing security situations. The requests for information (RFI) and situation awareness reporting processes are manual and occur without data standards or process standards. Public sector and private sector information sharing systems utilized both process and data standards to automate routine information sharing between organizations like those exchanges between fusion centers. These standards are coupled with information sharing tools that better enable consumer services, such as searching and booking airline travel through on-line systems, exchanges of criminal justice information using the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) and sharing of patient and medical information utilizing the Health Information Exchange (HIE). This thesis combines the process and tools from both the public and private sector's data and process standards and the use of information sharing tools to propose a conceptual national intelligence-sharing model (NISM). SMEs [Subject Matter Experts] from the intelligence, counterterrorism and technology communities, within the fusion center environment, were used to review, modify, and validate NISM."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Kustermann, Aaron
2013-12
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Mitigate Soft Target's Vulnerability and Prevent Crime Through Biometrics
From the thesis abstract: "Identifying a known criminal or terrorist, and providing protection for soft targets, is not only the concern of New York City, but of law enforcement agencies and municipalities throughout the country. The research reveals several challenges that may arise in utilizing facial recognition and behavioral recognition technology in closed circuit television systems. In recognizing these challenges, the writer looks to mitigate the vulnerability and prevent crime. The research indicates that the projects' success increased when the environment was controlled. Data sources reviewed show that camera angles or lighting are two factors that can impact the environment control. The thesis also looked at the accuracy of the system and legality of any privacy concerns, as well political, public and media influence may have on an emerging technology system. Biometric emerging technology surveillance is an industry that is rapidly growing in both the public and private sector. However, It lacks the monitoring of one central authority to insure civil liberties are safeguarded. The research expanded on a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system that is currently in place and devises a system that will be the foundation for the future of law enforcement by integrating biometric technology into a security surveillance system."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Collins, Vincent J.
2013-12
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Perfect Model for the Perfect Storm: Creating an Effective State to Grassroots Comprehensive Public Health and Medical Strategic Communication Model
From the thesis abstract: "Every emergency situation presents unique challenges. It is absolutely essential to have a good grasp on the specific situation to be able to make the best decisions possible for public health response and mitigation. Clear situational awareness can mean the difference between life and death, which allows all partners to collect information, collaborate, and communicate prior to making critical decisions during an emergency and applies to all stakeholders, whether at the state, regional, or local levels. Ultimately, the communication between those who have information and those who need the information must be shared; to be most effective, the information must be timely, accurate and credible. This thesis describes the development of a strategic communications model for Emergency Support Function-8 (ESF- 8) public health and medical partners from the state to comprehensive grassroots level in Mississippi (MS). The development of the MS ESF-8 Healthcare Coalition (MEHC) single model allows for information sharing across the entire medical enterprise in MS, including both public and private entities. Through case studies, events, an exercise, and workshops, the MEHC model was developed and a common operating picture was realized. This thesis filled a needed gap and will ultimately help to save lives."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chamblee, Tammy
2013-12
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Employing the Intelligence Cycle Process Model Within the Homeland Security Enterprise
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this thesis was to examine the employment and adherence of the intelligence cycle process model within the National Network of Fusion Centers and the greater Homeland Security Enterprise by exploring the customary intelligence cycle process model established by the United States Intelligence Community (USIC). This thesis revealed there are various intelligence cycle process models used by the USIC and taught to the National Network. Given the numerous different training entities and varied intelligence cycle process models, challenges exist with providing a well-defined training program that ensures consistent and clear intelligence cycle process model employment. Finally, this thesis offers an overview pertinent to researchers and/or practitioners regarding the viability of employing the intelligence cycle process model as the principle guide for domestic intelligence activities. This thesis employed a qualitative research method that analyzed and interpreted publicly available academic and policy information gathered from government and nongovernment institutions regarding the conceptual and practical intelligence cycle process model narratives. A case study analysis was conducted of the April 15, 2013, Boston Marathon bombing as a platform to discuss the active and effective employment of the intelligence cycle process model by the National Network. The principal conclusion offers while literature clearly agrees the intelligence cycle process model is a cyclical structure of actions, literature also finds there are common themes suggesting the intelligence cycle does not sufficiently describe how the intelligence process works at the operational stages of domestic intelligence activities within the National Network."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Stokes, Roger L
2013-12
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Role of Isolation in Radicalization - How Important Is It?
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis will provide readers an in-depth analysis of three well-known terrorists in order to highlight the role isolation played in their radicalization process. This thesis researched Timothy McVeigh, responsible for the 1995 Oklahoma City bombings; Anders Behring Breivik, responsible for the 2011 massacres in Oslo and Utøya, Norway; and Omar Hammami, an American-born individual believed to have been involved in numerous terrorist attacks throughout Somalia on behalf of al-Shabaab. The research evaluated both international and domestic terrorists with differing ideologies, and these individuals were found to represent a broad spectrum. The thesis specifically evaluated whether or not each individual experienced social, emotional, or perceived isolation at any point throughout his radicalization process. It was determined that isolation does play a very multifaceted role in both the initial involvement and initial engagement phases of radicalization. By better understanding the contributing factors of radicalization, homeland security officials may be better positioned to effectively intervene, prevent, or deter radicalization." A 6-min, 17 second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=750839]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hug, Erin C.
2013-12
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High-Tech, Low-Tech, No-Tech: Communications Strategies During Blackouts
From the thesis abstract: "How do emergency managers communicate vital life-safety information when disaster strikes and the power goes out, sometimes for extended periods? Time and again, our power grid, aging and stretched beyond its intended capacity, has experienced failures. Power outages can quickly shift from being annoying to deadly--especially when temperatures are extreme--particularly for elderly and other vulnerable populations. Emergency managers will be able to use the findings of this research to communicate critical information to the community, even in the direst circumstances, without relying on a 'techno-fix.' A structured focused comparison of three disasters revealed that a 'high-tech, low-tech, no-tech' framework can be implemented successfully and inexpensively. Throughout the three disasters studied, communications methods in the high-tech, low-tech, and no-tech areas were successful in communicating with the public. The thesis recommends that every community be prepared with this three-pronged approach. To go a step further, the study recommends that FEMA consider incorporating the 'high-low-no-tech' approach into its COOP (Continuity of Operations Plan) template, which currently assumes that communications systems-- phones, Internet, email, two-way radios--will be operational within 12 hours of activation, an optimistic assumption. A sample implementation plan with cost estimates is included." A 7-minute, 55-second video interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=750845]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Solymossy, Diana Sun
2013-12
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Future of Responder Family Preparedness: The New Normal
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. government has recently contended that communities cannot be 'prepared' without first ensuring the safety of responders and their families. Organizations have generally done little to nothing to ensure that the families of their responders are adequately prepared to survive and function on their own in the absence of the responder. Consequently, there exists a widespread policy gap concerning family preparedness in the first-responder community. Research indicates that much of the U.S. population has ignored the U.S. government's preparedness message and opted not to prepare. This thesis used a selection research method to explore whether the development and execution of a family preparedness program would assist the Delaware State Police (DSP) in maintaining its capability during a major crisis. Good ideas and precedent for creating such policy were captured from existing literature, leading to the conclusion that the DSP should mandate a comprehensive family preparedness program that includes emergency records management, the development of family liaison troopers, and go-kits for families as issued equipment. The thesis further concludes that responder family preparedness is different from general citizen preparedness and that leaving it in the 'optional' category is insufficient." A 6 minute interview on this thesis is also available at the following link:[https://www.hsdl.org/?mdt:manage&did=750843]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Hulings, James T.
2013-12
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Ethical Decision-Making for Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "The thesis suggests that homeland security personnel lack a uniform method to make sound and defensible ethical decisions. Building on a foundation of classical ethical thought, it is established that ethics are essential to the work of homeland security. Philosophical underpinnings include virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism, decision-making practices, and values common to the homeland security enterprise. Real-world case studies were examined in an attempt to understand and demonstrate what can happen if ethics are neglected, considered incompletely or incorrectly, or thoughtfully applied. Case studies include the response to Hurricane Katrina, motivation and thought behind terrorism, and the discussion on torture. Examples of good ethics programs were analyzed, including the Canadian Defense Ethics Program and the Wildfire Fire Leadership Development Program. From this research, a conceptual framework for understanding was developed. The DRIVE framework (Duty, Respect, Integrity, Vision, Ends/Expected outcomes) is proposed to give homeland security personnel the tools necessary to evaluate a situation, make a decision, and review it retrospectively. The framework is easy to remember, flexible to allow for individual differences, yet comprehensive enough to encompass classical ethical thought, common values, and decision-making. The thesis recommends developing an ethics-training program for homeland security, using DRIVE as a foundation."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Nelson, Aaron G.
2013-09
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Maximizing Intelligence Sharing Within the Los Angeles Police Department
From the thesis abstract: "After the terrorists' attacks in New York, law enforcement agencies at all levels find themselves grappling with their additional responsibilities now that homeland security is tantamount, along with the war on drugs and gangs still being a constant struggle. From the time of the attacks to the present day, most agencies are doing more work with less people; there is no funding, equipment, or new officers to replace the ones retiring. Officers everywhere are not only overwhelmed, but, more critically, they are under-estimated and under-trained. As a result of the attacks, officers are adding homeland security strategies into their existing crime prevention measures. This thesis will suggest ways in which one agency, the Los Angeles Police Department, can maximize its resources, training and equipment, thus capitalizing on the intelligence needed to be a leader in the identification of, prevention of and response to a terrorist attack."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Angeles, Tracey
2013-09
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Performance-Based Design for Arson Threats: Policy Analysis of the Physical Security for Federal Facilities Standard
From the thesis abstract: "Although perhaps not so dramatic or newsworthy as chemical, biologic, radiologic, nuclear, or explosive attacks, intentionally set fires are identified security threats to federal buildings accessible to the public. The Department of Homeland Security Interagency Security Committee in 2010 adopted building construction standards that purport to give facility safety committees and building designers guidance on developing permanent countermeasures to 31 diverse threat scenarios described in the 'Design-Basis Threat'. To assess the effectiveness of the permanent countermeasures options provided in the 'Physical Security Criteria for Federal Facilities', a performance-based approach to evaluating the design and construction features is recommended. Clearly articulated performance objectives and quantifiable characterization of the hazardous elements comprising the threat scenarios are essential to evaluating outcomes using a performance-based design approach. A mixed methods research approach is used to analyze the 'Physical Security Criteria for Federal Facilities' standard to make policy recommendations that may enhance occupant safety and federal property protection from arson attacks. Computerized fire effects modeling is used to compare outcomes in non-military and non-postal federal facilities from a variety of simulated arson scenarios using commonly available accelerants."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Neale, Robert A.
2013-09
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Creating a Better End Game Strategy: Fully Exploiting the Capabilities of Multiple Disciplines
From the thesis abstract: "The United States' strategy to combat the terrorism threat has been widely debated since the attacks on 9/11. These attacks spurred many opinions on the best method to counter terrorism, whether through the military, law enforcement, intelligence, or diplomacy. The United States Intelligence Community has highly motivated agencies with specialized tools and techniques which have been effectively used to thwart terrorist plots and engage in offensive actions. Unfortunately, there is no singular answer to terrorism. It requires the assimilation and strategic usage of these disciplines to be successful. The United States government must advance beyond mere coordination as it is not the optimal standard. Collaboration is the defining difference to achieve the best strategic advantage. An analysis of the best practices identified in business and government to form cohesion within a unit will be conducted and compared to the current structures within the Intelligence Community. The strengths and limitations of existing units are carefully analyzed, and a model is proposed and examined using the same methodology. This research suggests that through a highly collaborative unit engaging all the relevant disciplines the United States can move toward a more effective strategy to counter the terrorist threat."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Sowers, Troy A.
2013-09
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Outcomes-Balanced Framework for Emergency Management: A Predictive Model for Preparedness
From the thesis abstract: "The homeland security community has struggled with a unifying system to support national preparedness even though states and local jurisdictions have gone to great lengths to enhance their capability. State preparedness reports, with inconsistent ranking systems and measurement tools that are self-assessments of individual capabilities, lack a holistic connection. The literature suggests that a one-size-fits-all assessment system has limited comparative value and has not proven to answer to the unique risks each state faces. By looking at the risk posture in each state and the unique capability needs, a model emerges that includes existing quantitative information and combines it with qualitative efforts sustained in emergency management. This research will introduce a predictive model that balances value-added inputs with intended results enhanced by leadership, with the organizational processes and performance outputs enhanced by management, into a system that delivers the outcomes intended with preparedness and further comparing it with current policy on national preparedness. With the demand by Congress to reconcile the treasury spent on homeland security, emergency management must find a system that balances both the measureable outputs and anecdotal impacts of preparedness that will guide each state toward improvement of its effort and secure strategies for future investments."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Satula, Brian M.
2013-09
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Terror Sting Operations in the Muslim Community-Developing Recommendations for Improving Public Support
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis analyzes the criticisms surrounding the use of terror sting operations by law enforcement agencies for the purpose of developing recommendations to increase public support, particularly among the American Muslim population. The relevant literature is replete with criticisms surrounding the behavior of civilian informants during terror sting operations and the effect those actions have on community relations. Critics claim that terror sting operations constitute spying, profiling, and entrapment. Contrary to that claim, however, is the fact that these operations have successfully withstood intense legal scrutiny; trials in which defendants are accused of carrying out these plots have always resulted in conviction. The goal of this thesis, therefore, is not to argue that the operations not be conducted, but rather to identify improvements that law enforcement agencies can implement to minimize the perception that terror sting operations are a form of entrapment or profiling. The results of this research are recommendations centered on addressing the most common or legitimate criticisms. The goal of these recommendations is to minimize the negative impact on community relations while simultaneously improving the quality of terror sting operations."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Huerta, Jason
2013-09
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Preparing the National Capital Region to Conduct a Multijurisdictional and Interdisciplinary Law Enforcement Investigation
From the thesis abstract: "When the DC Sniper shootings occurred in 2002, local law enforcement (LE) agencies in the National Capital Region (NCR) did not have a framework in place to investigate a large-scale multijurisdictional investigation involving dozens of federal, state, and local LE agencies. As of 2013, the NCR still does not have a framework. This thesis used multiple sources of information and analysis to develop a list of recommendations directed to the NCR Police Chiefs Committee about how such a framework could be developed and what some of the features should be. The sources of information included lesson learned from the after-action analysis of the DC Sniper case by the Police Executive Research Forum, academic research on collaboration, the National Incident Management System, and input from 19 multijurisdictional and intergovernmental subject matter experts (SME) in the NCR, including SMEs from the LE, fire, fusion center, and public information disciplines. In February 2013, the NCR Police Chiefs Committee endorsed the recommendations and started the process to create a framework for managing a multijurisdictional investigation in the NCR."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Raum, Philip C.
2013-09
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'What the Hell Do We Do Now?' A Policy Options Analysis of State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Participation in Immigration Enforcement
From the thesis abstract: "Many components come together to form not only the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), but the larger homeland security enterprise across the country. State, local and tribal assets are part of the fabric of homeland security efforts, along with federal entities, in prevention, response and recovery. While immigration enforcement at the federal level was formally brought into DHS, state, local and tribal (SLT) enforcement agencies are potential partners in that effort, as pointed out in the 9/11 Commission Report. This thesis outlines some of the legal authorities for the use of local agencies, the diversity of approach and opinion in these efforts, and a cross-section of agency policies and SLT ordinances that direct enforcement efforts. Using a Policy Options analysis framework, SLT agency policies were examined and evaluated in five areas: effectiveness, legality, acceptability, efficiency, and implementation. Based on this research, it is apparent that not only is there a disparity of opinion and approach to immigration enforcement, there is a lack of any policy at all for a majority of agencies. Recommendations for enforcement efforts include not only the importance of forming a policy but doing so in a collaborative way, including federal, SLT and community partners."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Nelson, Jeffrey M.
2013-09
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Active Shooters: Is Law Enforcement Ready for a Mumbai Attack?
From the thesis abstract: "Between April 16, 2007, and December 14, 2012, the United States has seen 25 mass shootings, seven of which occurred in 2012. A report by United States Department of Homeland Security, in 2009, suggested that the United States will be the target of a terrorist act that could cause a high number of casualties. The November 26, 2008, attack on Mumbai is a transparent example of how determined terrorists, trained to die fighting, can bring a large metropolitan city to its knees. It is entirely probable that Mumbai-type attacks could occur in the United States. Since the local law enforcement respond to attacks in progress, any active shooter event would be handled by the local jurisdiction. Many law enforcement agencies have begun to incorporate tactical plans to respond to Mumbai-type terrorist attacks. This thesis focused on police preparedness of select large metropolitan law enforcement agencies for potential Mumbai-type terrorist attacks. A comparative analysis of these police agencies was conducted, which showed that the frequency of training was found to be varying and inadequate by these agencies. A similar concern was that none of the agencies had equipped all the police officers with rifles, which were deemed critical to engage well-equipped active shooters. It is the conclusion of the thesis that gaps in preparedness exist and law enforcement organizations have room for improvement. It was also concluded that agencies need to enhance communication capability between neighboring jurisdictions and focus on triage of the victims during the early stages of attacks when medical personnel would be unable to approach."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Justice, Joel M.
2013-09
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Improving the All-Hazards Homeland Security Enterprise Through the Use of an Emergency Management Intelligence Model
From the thesis abstract: "As the all-hazards approach takes hold in our national Emergency Management [EM] and Homeland Security efforts and continues to seek greater collaboration between these two fields, an area that has yet to be explored to its fullest extent is the utilization of an intelligence process to enhance EM operations. Despite the existence of multiple Federal-level policies that outline the importance of intelligence and information sharing across the all-hazards community, EM is still by-and-large an outsider to the Intelligence Community (IC); the problem is one of both policy and of practice. Formalizing both an intelligence process and EM role culled from best practices of the FBI, U.S. Military, and local law enforcement, and subsequently equipping and training emergency managers in the use of intelligence would be substantially beneficial in all phases of a disaster. Once established, an intelligence process could also help EM augment and integrate into the IC to provide more robust HS capabilities, including a significant role in the State/Local Fusion Centers. This formalized EM Intelligence Cycle (EMIC) lays the groundwork for better EM-IC collaboration, better support to first responders during large-scale events, a more proactive role in preventing future disasters, and a more robust all-hazards community as a whole."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Schulz, William N.
2013-09
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Submersible Threat to Maritime Homeland Security
From the thesis abstract: "Small submersible vessels have been used for years by nation states, terrorist groups, and criminal organizations to achieve operational objectives. These entities have sought to capitalize on the overriding tactical advantage of submersible technology which is stealth. For example, drug trafficking organizations in Central and South America have been routinely using self-propelled semi-submersible vessels to clandestinely transport large quantities of illicit drugs to North America. Small submersible vessels can also be nefariously used in the maritime domain to transport persons or weapons or they could be used as waterborne improvised explosive devices. Terrorists and criminals are complex adaptive adversaries and are driven to innovate when confronted with threats to their operational effectiveness. Innovation and adaption are driving these foes to leverage disruptive technology towards the development or acquisition of fully-submersible vessels. Furthermore, there is a growing population of privately owned submersibles within the U.S. that policymakers have little visibility of. Homeland security policymakers lack adequate situational awareness regarding the vulnerabilities, threats, and consequences to the maritime transportation system from the malicious use of submersibles. The core challenge for the maritime homeland security enterprise with regards to submersibles is developing effective strategies to mitigate their potential risk."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Davis, Donald B.
2013-09
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Unity of Command for Federal Consequence Management
From the thesis abstract: "The United States eventually will face an existential catastrophe. An 'existential catastrophe' would result in cascading effects extending well beyond the physical boundaries of the event. When studying the federal response to major disasters, it is apparent higher levels of presidential interest provide a positive impact on results. The lack of coordination of federal response efforts and the inability of the president to impose his will to marshal fully federal resources effectively were major problems identified after Hurricanes Katrina and Andrew. The inability of the federal government to coordinate the federal response efficiently to a catastrophe appears throughout 60 years of modern federal disaster response. This thesis argues the most efficient way for the president to supervise the federal response to an existential catastrophe is to delegate authority for operational decisions to a single federal official that would allow the president and his cabinet to focus on strategic decisions. The Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator, who would be supported by an empowered Emergency Support Function Leadership Group, with authority to direct all agency capabilities released to them by the president and their agencies, would lead the portion of the federal operational response formerly known as consequence management."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Lucie, H. Quinton
2013-09
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Instilling a Culture of Accountability at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS): Leveraging the Government Performance and Results Modernization Act (GPRA-MA) of 2010
From the thesis abstract: "Linking the theoretical conceptualization of public and organizational accountability, defined as a culture of high-trust, with the Government Performance and Results Modernization Act (GPRA-MA) of 2010, may revolutionize the way Department of Homeland Security (DHS) leaders and performance practitioners, partners and stakeholders consider and apply strategic performance management practices and processes within the department. This thesis contains twelve (12) recommendations based on the concept of meta-governance, which incorporates 'relational webs' and 'network power' involving the general public, into departmental performance management and improvement processes. Our next generation solution to creatively implement the GPRA-MA, innovative (democratic) networked governance, integrates social complexity theory epistemologies and best practice principles in an attempt to ameliorate the five (5) cultural conditions identified as contributing to deficiencies within the five (5) major focus areas of the GPRA-MA. Placing organizational management, strategic planning, program evaluation, performance measurement, governance, accountability and decision making within the larger context of fiscal, ethical and democratic responsibility and responsiveness, would be an inestimable force multiplier to both DHS politically appointed and career officials, having the potential to revolutionize the way the United States of America secures and protects its homeland."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Smith, Teresa M.
2013-09
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Community Hazard Vulnerability Assessments: How Technology Can Assist in Comprehension
From the thesis abstract: "The Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 mandates that all levels of government identify, classify and develop plans for the mitigation of the hazards to which they are exposed, be they natural or man-made. In addition to the legal requirement, communities need to complete a hazard vulnerability assessment to help them determine priorities in deciding how much of a given resource should be aimed at solving a given problem. No communities have unlimited resources; as such, it is imperative that resource allocators, be they emergency managers or elected officials, fully understand the depth and breadth of the multitude of hazards their communities face. Understanding how humans process information and then using technology to assist in the comprehension of that information can only enhance a community's emergency management cycle of planning, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Waters, John R.
2013-09
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What is the Problem to Which the Answer Was Public Law 83-280: How is it Working Out and What Should We Do Next?
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis explores the stakeholders' positions in relation to the implementation of Public Law 83-280 (PL 280). PL 280 mandated that states assume jurisdiction on reservation land. The thesis investigates how the uniqueness of this law has caused multi-dimensional problems including; collaborations/partnerships, familiarity with the law, compliance with the law, law enforcement effectiveness and/or impacts, cultural competence, and training/education. The main claim for this thesis is that PL 280 was written as an unfunded mandate without the consent or input from the Tribes and was enacted without clear guidance for implementation. The thesis investigates whether creation of a best practice model would create a collaborative relationship among Tribes and public safety agencies, communication among multiple disciplines, unified leadership and command on an incident, and improvement for all public safety planning. The research identifies what the existing relationships are, what is lacking at an operational level, what training is available, what the challenges have been, and what the next steps should be in order to improve the process of this law. "
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Muhr, Margaret
2013-09
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Policy in Conflict: The Struggle Between Environmental Policy and Homeland Security Goals
From the thesis abstract: "Since the 1970s, every American president and many Congressional leaders have called for 'national energy independence' as a top policy priority. Among many reasons the United States (U.S.) has been unable to deliver on this goal over four decades are certain environmental policies that may tend to inhibit efficiency in fuel consumption of vehicles. This study examines the unintended consequences of certain environmental policies for American homeland security. The analyses suggest that some environmental policies may have a deleterious effect on the ability of the United States to achieve a level of energy efficiency in the transportation sector that could contribute to achieving 'national energy security.' This study suggests ways to achieve a level of sustainable energy security by reducing consumption in the most important petroleum consuming sector, that of automobile transportation. Some U.S. oil dollars may be directly supporting terrorist organizations or, at a minimum, go toward supporting the spread of radical Islamic Salafism that is inimical to U.S. and Western interests. This inquiry examines evidence to show that America's continuing dependence on other foreign oil, especially oil from the Middle East, is perilous to homeland security and compels limits to U.S. freedom of action in foreign affairs."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Cowden, Daniel R.
2013-09
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Protecting America Through Better Civic Education
From the thesis abstract: "How does civic education affect homeland security? A civic education curriculum that provides for the foundations of our youths' individual and collective identity may significantly contribute to the preservation of our democracy and enhance homeland security. Through a civic education, students can enhance their grasp of the concepts of our American representative democracy and learn the tenets of good citizenship, critical thinking, and the ability to self-govern. Presidential Directive Number Eight (8) clearly indicates the need for national preparedness using a whole of nation approach. The plan requires robust citizen engagement. To have an informed engaged citizenry and for a democracy to thrive, the populace must be educated. But there is no guidance or mention of the education of American youth or how such education may play a role in achieving the goals of national preparedness. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reported in 2010 that only 27 percent of the nation's fourth-grade students were proficient in civics. Only 22 percent and 24 percent of eighth-grade and twelfth-grade students, respectively, were proficient in the area. Civic education must provide youth with a personal and collective identity."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Ravert, Brian P.
2013-09
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Evolving Arctic: Current State of U.S. Arctic Policy
From the thesis abstract: "The Arctic environment is in a state of flux and the U.S. government must be prepared to handle the evolution and capitalize on the opportunities. Once barren and desolate, the Arctic is slowly coming to life with industry and commerce brought about by receding ice conditions. Along with that comes the need for a comprehensive and actionable Arctic policy. The other Arctic nations that ring the North Pole are quickly adapting to the shifting Arctic. Unlike the U.S., they have established Arctic policies, are implementing plans to operate in the region, and taking advantage of the opportunities that this new frontier has to offer. The U.S. framework is the National Strategy for the Arctic Region. The plan is short on detail and aspirational in nature. It lacks clear direction and authority. The U.S. has yet to commit to its role as an Arctic nation. The U.S. Arctic lacks infrastructure such as a deep-water port, a joint military base, and additional heavy icebreaker assets. Additionally, there is no lead agency that has authority and funding to carry out U.S. Arctic objectives. Under the current state of affairs, the U.S. is vulnerable to security, economic, and sovereignty issues in the Arctic."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Dwyer, William G.
2013-09
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Making U.S. Security and Privacy Rights Compatible [revised and reissued March 2018]
From the thesis Abstract: "The terror attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, necessitated changes in the way domestic intelligence agencies and services conducted information-collection activities to protect against further attacks. Congress acted quickly to prevent the next attack by expanding government authority under the USA PATRIOT Act and the Federal Intelligence Surveillance Court. This gave domestic intelligence services the tools needed due to advances in technology that allowed terror organizations and suspects to travel, communicate, raise money and recruit using the Internet. Safeguards were written into the enhanced authority to protect against privacy abuses by government. Ten years after 9/11, civil-liberties advocates called for more transparency, more privacy protections and better oversight because of past abuses by government officials operating in the name of national security. Leaks about government spying on U.S. citizens have heightened the balance debate between security and privacy. Privacy or security is not a zero-sum game. A policy that incorporates an adversarial process in the FISC [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court] and a streamlined oversight mechanism in Congress for more effective oversight, and the release of redacted classified documents to educate the public about surveillance techniques, would instill more balance and greater public trust." This thesis, originally published in September 2013, was re-released March 2018 to clarify attribution.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Clarke, David A., Jr.
2013-09
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Toward a Common Standard: The Role of Law Enforcement at WMD Incidents
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines the role of law enforcement personnel at weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and hazardous materials incidents with regard to WMD training, standards and preparedness, and identifies gaps and problems in current local law enforcement WMD response preparedness. Different models of local law enforcement WMD response are analyzed to compare with the New York City model, and the U.S. Bomb Squad and United Kingdom law enforcement chemical/biological/radiological/nuclear training programs are examined as examples of successful national preparedness response programs. The implications of this thesis indicate a need for a national strategy for local law enforcement WMD training, equipment and operating procedures to better coordinate response efforts between local law enforcement agencies at WMD incidents."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Taylor, Keith L.
2013-09
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Intergovernmental Unity of Effort in Support of Biological Threat Prevention
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this thesis is to examine ways to prevent the terrorist use of a biological weapon of mass destruction. Intelligence sources from around the globe report that terrorist groups are developing the capability and the intention to deliver biological weapons of mass destruction. Four coalitions of governments were studied to examine stated health security policies and reported outcome of a large biological threat incident of H1N1 global pandemic influenza of 2009--2010. This thesis presented the results and proposed methods to enhance intergovernmental connectivity and information sharing to prevent a biological threat."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Stevens, Wendy L.
2013-09
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Implementing the National Framework for a Biothreat Field Response Mission Capability
From the thesis abstract: "Since the 2001 anthrax attacks, communities have been responding to a sample surge of suspicious mailings. Each event has the potential to be an act of bioterrorism involving a deadly pathogen and, thus, requires a timely response in order to evaluate the risk to public safety. Stakeholders from federal and state governments and industry have recognized the need to develop a mission capability for responding to these suspicious events. The framework for a biothreat field response mission capability advocates the use of innovative detection technology in support of a risk assessment concept of operation. Implementing the framework will require federal and state collaboration and will establish local certification training standards, field-based proficiency and competency assessment exercises, and state response plans that reflect national guidance. This research describes the critical elements of a bioresponse framework, the current status of framework adoption at the state level, and recommendations for a three-phased implementation model."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Marsh, Bryon
2013-09
