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Pandemic Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Initial Assessment Report
From the Document: "FEMA acknowledges that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] continues to affect individuals and families throughout the United States. Cases continue to rise, and more Americans are feeling the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in their personal and professional lives. This Initial Assessment Report is intended to help the agency learn and take improvement actions, and to reflect on the early operations. It is focused on the period from January 2020 through the end of September 2020, and FEMA's roles and responsibilities in the response operation."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2021-01
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Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 [Updated September 4, 2020]
From the Abstract: "There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. In March 2020, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. The process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. On April 11, 2020, IDSA released online initial treatment recommendations and narrative summaries of other treatments under evaluation. Since that time, the guideline panel and methodologists have continued to monitor the literature and issue updates and addendums to these guidelines in response to evolving research. Since the inception of its work, the panel has expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments."
Infectious Diseases Society of America
Bhimraj, Adarsh; Morgan, Rebecca L.; Shumaker, Amy Hirsch . . .
2020-09-04
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Vaccines National Strategic Plan: 2021-2025
From the Executive Summary: "Although significant progress against vaccine-preventable diseases has been made in the United States, there remain significant gaps in vaccination coverage that contribute to preventable morbidity and mortality each year. The Vaccines National Strategic Plan 2021-2025 (Vaccine Plan) provides a vision for the U.S. vaccine and immunization enterprise for the next 5 years as the nation seeks to eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. The Vaccine Plan articulates a comprehensive strategy to promote vaccines and vaccination including research and development, vaccine safety monitoring, increase public knowledge and confidence in vaccines, increase access and use of recommended vaccines across the lifespan, and global cooperation. The Vaccine Plan builds on previous plans to guide vaccine policy to address vaccine confidence and disparities in vaccination coverage."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2021
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 1, January 8, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "DHS S&T's [Science and Technology Directorate] Master Question List for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] offers scientifically informed guidance for government decision-makers"; "First Responder's Toolbox on VBIED [Vehicle Borne Improvised Explosive Device] Preparedness, Recognition and Response"; "DHS's Blue Campaign recognizes National Human Trafficking Awareness Day on January 11"; "National 911 Annual Report released"; "Latest CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection Agency] guidance and directives on SolarWinds Orion software supply chain compromise"; "Recent swatting attacks target residents with camera and voice-capable smart devices"; "Ten benefits of running cybersecurity exercises"; and "Declaring war against cyber negligence."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2021-01-08
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S COVID-19 Activity, Week 1 [January 9, 2021]
From the Key Updates: "Nationally, surveillance indicators tracking levels of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] circulation, associated illnesses, and hospitalizations decreased or remained stable but elevated during the week ending January 9, 2021. The percentage of deaths due to pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] (PIC) increased during the most recent week after declining for three weeks. Recent declines in hospitalization rates and PIC mortality should be interpreted with caution as reporting delays increased during the holidays and the downward trends may change as more data are received."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-01-09
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Tempus Labs, Inc., iC SARS-CoV2 Test
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the iC SARS-CoV2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Test. The iC SARS-CoV2 Test is authorized for use with upper respiratory tract specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-01
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Access IL-6 - Beckman Coulter, Inc.
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Access IL-6. The Access IL-6 is authorized for use in human serum and plasma specimens collected from patients with confirmed Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) to assist in identifying severe inflammatory response to aid in determining the risk of intubation with mechanical ventilation, in conjunction with clinical findings and the results of other laboratory testing."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-01
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Supplemental Memorandum on Investigation into Political Interference with Coronavirus Response
From the Document: "This memorandum describes evidence recently obtained by the Select Subcommittee showing that a Trump Administration appointee at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Senior Advisor Paul Alexander, privately strategized with other top Administration officials as far back as June 2020 about pursuing a so-called 'herd immunity' strategy in response to the coronavirus pandemic. Dr. Alexander explicitly endorsed allowing the disease to spread widely among '[i]nfants, kids, teens, young people, young adults, middle aged with no conditions etc.,' writing, 'we use them to develop herd…we want them infected.' The views expressed in these private communications were later echoed by President Trump and other officials, raising the serious possibility that key Administration officials have pursued a deliberate or reckless policy of allowing Americans to be infected with the coronavirus."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Reform. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis
2020-12-16
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Ineffective Implementation of Corrective Actions Diminishes DHS' Oversight of Its Pandemic Planning
From the Highlights: "The Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued a series of three reports between August 2014 and October 2016 examining DHS' pandemic activities and recommending actions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of DHS' planning and response activities. OIG conducted this verification review to determine the adequacy and effectiveness of DHS' corrective actions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2020-12-21
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., cobas SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B Nucleic Acid Test for use on the cobas Liat System
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the cobas SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] & Influenza A/B Nucleic Acid Test for use on the cobas Liat System. Testing is to be conducted on specimens from individuals suspected of respiratory viral infection consistent with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by a healthcare provider. Symptoms of respiratory viral infection due to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza can be similar."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-09-14
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Azure Biotech Inc., Assure COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Device
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Assure COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] IgG/IgM [Immunoglobulin G/Immunoglobulin M] Rapid Test Device."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-09-23
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Visby Medical, Inc., Visby Medical COVID-19
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Visby Medical COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The Visby Medical COVID-19 is authorized for use with nasopharyngeal, nasal or mid-turbinate swab specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-09-16
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COVID-19 Health Care Provider Relief Fund [Updated September 18, 2020]
From the Document: "In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some health care providers limited in-person visits and cancelled elective procedures to reduce the spread of COVID-19, prepare for COVID-19 patients, and conserve personal protective equipment. As a consequence, some providers reported forgone revenue and/or significant financial challenges, making it difficult to sustain services. To address these concerns, Congress established the Provider Relief Fund (PRF, or the Fund) in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) and appropriated $100 billion 'to reimburse, through grants or other mechanisms, eligible health care providers for health care related expenses or lost revenues that are attributable to coronavirus.' The Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPPHCEA, P.L. 116-139) added an additional $75 billion to the Fund."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Heisler, Elayne J., 1976-
2020-09-18
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Federal Offshore Oil and Gas Revenues During the COVID-19 Pandemic [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Since March 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic and accompanying recession have reduced demand for oil and natural gas, resulting in lower prices and decreased production. These changes affect revenues paid to the federal government from oil and gas leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Federal revenues from OCS oil and gas include bonus bids from lease sales, rents paid prior to production on leases, royalties collected during production, and other fees. A portion of federal offshore oil and gas revenue is shared with coastal states under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA; 43 U.S.C. §§1331-1356b) and the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 (GOMESA; 43 U.S.C. §1331 note). The revenues also fund multiple federal programs and contribute to the General Fund of the Treasury."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Comay, Laura B.
2020-09-16
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Medical Supply Chains and Policy Options: The Data Challenge [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed some areas in which the United States relies heavily on global supply chains. U.S. shortages of critical supplies of medical products have prompted congressional interest in better understanding U.S. import trends and domestic production capacity in certain industries considered essential to U.S. public health and national security. Some Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have sought ways to increase U.S. production of medical products, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceuticals, by providing economic incentives to firms and strengthening government procurement requirements to better prioritize domestically produced goods."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.; Sutter, Karen M.
2020-09-16
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World Bank [Updated September 17, 2020]
From the Document: "The World Bank, the oldest and largest multilateral development bank, provides financial assistance to developing countries to promote economic development. Established in 1945, the Bank initially focused on providing financing for large infrastructure projects. During the past 75 years, its role has broadened to include poverty reduction efforts through social projects (such as education and health) and policy-based loans. The World Bank is currently focused on helping developing countries respond to the health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nelson, Rebecca M.
2020-09-17
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Venezuela Regional Humanitarian Crisis and COVID-19 [Updated September 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The deteriorating humanitarian situation in Venezuela has elevated congressional concerns about the country, which remains in a deep crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicolás Maduro. Even before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Venezuelans were facing a lack of food, medicine and health, and access to social services. Political persecution, hyperinflation, loss of income, and oppressive poverty also contributed to a dire situation. According to household surveys, the percentage of Venezuelans living in poverty increased from 48.4% in 2014 to 96% in 2019 (80% in extreme poverty). Millions require humanitarian assistance, with pregnant and nursing women, those with chronic illnesses, indigenous people, migrants, children under five, and people with disabilities particularly in need. In February 2020, the U.N. World Food Program (WFP) released an assessment showing that in 2019, 9.3 million Venezuelans were food insecure, with 2.3 million people at severe levels. Many Venezuelans reported that the price of food presented more of an obstacle than the availability of food. Many households did not have reliable access to potable water and reported interruptions in electrical service and gas supplies. With a collapsed health system, overall health indicators, particularly infant and maternal mortality rates, worsened. Previously eradicated diseases such as diphtheria and measles also became a major concern."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando; Margesson, Rhoda
2020-09-02
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 [Updated September 3, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region with strong congressional interest because of deep U.S. linkages. As of September 2, 2020, the region had almost 6.1 million confirmed cases(almost 28% of cases worldwide) and almost 280,000 deaths(almost 33% of deaths worldwide), with the virus continuing to spread at high levels in several countries. Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Chile have the highest numbers of deaths in the region, and Brazil has the highest death toll worldwide after the United States.The rankings change in terms of per capita deaths--Peru has the highest recorded deaths per capita in the region, followed by Chile, Brazil, Mexico, and Panama."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Taft-Morales, Maureen; Seelke, Clare Ribando; Meyer, Peter J. . . .
2020-09-03
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COVID-19 and Emerging Global Patterns of Financial Crime [September 4, 2020]
From the Document: "Criminal groups around the world are exploiting opportunities for illicit profit during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. As criminal behaviors shift, so, too, have the illicit financial footprints left behind. As Congress considers U.S. and international responses to the pandemic, it may also examine the emerging risks and financial patterns associated with COVID-19-related criminal activity, including cybercrime."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rosen, Liana W.
2020-09-04
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Why Have Stock Market and Real Economy Diverged During the COVID-19 Pandemic? [September 2, 2020]
From the Document: "During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the stock market and the economy have experienced major turning points--the economic expansion of more than 10 years ended in February, and the U.S. stock market ended an 11-year bull run in March. While the economy continued in a deep recession, a common U.S. stock market gauge, the Standard & Poors (S&P) 500 index--an index including 500 large U.S. publicly-traded companies and capturing around 80% of market capitalization-- rebounded to higher than pre-pandemic levels as of August 2020. This Insight explores this seeming disconnect between the state of the economy and the performance of capital markets, as illustrated by price movements of the S&P 500."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Su, Eva
2020-09-02
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COVID-19 Impact on the Banking Industry: Lag Between Recession and Bank Distress [September 10, 2020]
From the Document: "Economic recessions and financial crises can cause distress in the banking industry. Typically, there is a lag between the onset of a recession and the peak of bank industry distress. The economic effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could similarly stress the banking industry, perhaps acutely, given the sudden and unprecedented nature of the economic contraction. Even though this contraction is severe, a lag is expected, and certain provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Recovery Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) may lengthen it."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Scott, Andrew P.; Perkins, David W.
2020-09-10
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COVID-19 Impact on the Banking Industry: Conditions in the Second Quarter of 2020 [September 10, 2020]
From the Document: "The economic ramifications of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could cause borrowers to miss loan payments, potentially to the point of individual banks or the bank industry becoming distressed. How and to what degree banks will be affected is uncertain. Comprehensive bank data are collected and released quarterly and provide indicators of industry health. On August 25, 2020, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) released the 'Quarterly Banking Profile: Second Quarter 2020,' which reports aggregate data from all 5,066 FDIC-insured institutions as of June 30, 2020. This Insight presents certain data that may indicate how the pandemic is affecting banks."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Perkins, David W.; Gnanarajah, Raj
2020-09-10
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SBA EIDL and Emergency EIDL Grants: Data by State [Updated September 4, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress made COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related economy injury an eligible expense for the Small Business Administration's (SBA) Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) in the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-123). It also expanded EIDL eligibility for certain businesses and organizations, and it established an Emergency EIDL Grant program as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). COVID-19-related EIDL and Emergency EIDL grants are available to all 50 states, U.S. territories, and Washington, DC. This Insight provides [1] a general overview of SBA EIDL (including eligibility) and the Emergency EIDL Grant program; [2] SBA EIDL data by the number and amount of loans approved by state; and [3] Emergency EIDL Grant program (also referred to as EIDL advance) data by the number and amount of grants approved by state."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Mullins, Maura
2020-09-04
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FDA's Role in the Medical Product Supply Chain and Considerations During COVID-19 [September 1, 2020]
From the Background: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the medical product supply chain globally and domestically. Although certain concerns about the U.S. medical product supply chain predate the emergence of COVID-19, the ongoing pandemic has made addressing those concerns and understanding the supply chain a more urgent priority. Of particular concern for some are the United States' reliance on foreign sources of medical products and the federal government's ability to oversee the supply chain and mitigate future disruptions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Green, Victoria R.; Dabrowska, Agata; Costin, Kate M.
2020-09-01
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SBA EIDL and Emergency EIDL Grants: Data by State [Updated October 1, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress made COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related economy injury an eligible expense for the Small Business Administration's (SBA) Economic Injury Disaster Loans (EIDL) in the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-123). It also expanded EIDL eligibility for certain businesses and organizations, and it established an Emergency EIDL Grant program as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136). COVID-19-related EIDL and Emergency EIDL grants are available to all 50 states, U.S. territories, and Washington, DC. This Insight provides: [1] a general overview of SBA EIDL (including eligibility) and the Emergency EIDL Grant program; [2] SBA EIDL data by the number and amount of loans approved by state; and [3] Emergency EIDL Grant program (also referred to as EIDL advance) data by the number and amount of grants approved by state."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lindsay, Bruce R.; Mullins, Maura
2020-10-01
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Social Security Retirement Earnings Test (RET): Earnings Exemption for COVID-19- Related Work Response [Updated September 28, 2020]
From the Document: "In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, some state and local officials (e.g., New York State) have called on retired health care workers to return to work and help treat the influx of patients. In addition to health care professionals, other retired workers--including certain public safety officers, emergency management personnel, scientists, researchers, and individuals--who had claimed Social Security benefits, may also go back to work to meet the essential needs of the American public during the COVID-19 outbreak. If those retired workers are receiving Social Security benefits and are under the Social Security full retirement age (FRA; between 65 and 67, depending on year of birth), the Retirement Earnings Test (RET) may reduce their Social Security benefits if their earnings exceed certain annual thresholds. (Beneficiaries do recoup their benefits when they reach FRA.) Therefore, in response to RET concerns that may discourage retired health care workers from providing needed services to the increasing number of COVID-19 patients, lawmakers have proposed to exempt certain earnings in 2020 from the RET."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Li, Zhe, 1981-
2020-09-28
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COVID-19: Consumer Loan Forbearance and Other Relief Options [Updated October 23, 2020]
From the Document: "A growing number of reported Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been identified in the United States, significantly impacting many communities. The economic impact has been large due to illnesses, quarantines, social distancing, local stay-at-home orders, and other business disruptions. Consequently, many Americans have lost income and faced financial hardship due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. [...] This report focuses on policy responses relating to the financial services industry for consumers who may have trouble paying their loan obligations, such as mortgages, student loans, auto loans, and credit cards. First, it provides an overview of loan forbearance and other possible relief options for consumers. Then, the report discusses relevant CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act provisions and federal financial regulatory responses. Lastly, the report describes the impact this pandemic and the proceeding policy responses have had on financial institutions and consumers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cooper, Cheryl R.; Getter, Darryl E.; Perkins, David W. . . .
2020-10-23
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) and COVID-19 [Updated October 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) does not currently have a specific standard that protects healthcare or other workers from airborne or aerosol transmission of disease or diseases transmitted by airborne droplets. Some in Congress, and some groups representing healthcare, meat and poultry processing, and other workers, are calling on OSHA to promulgate an emergency temporary standard (ETS) to protect workers from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) gives OSHA the ability to promulgate an ETS that would remain in effect for up to six months without going through the normal review and comment process of rulemaking. OSHA, however, has rarely used this authority in the past--not since the courts struck down its ETS on asbestos in 1983. [...] Through October 1, 2020, OSHA has issued COVID-19-related citations to employers at 62 work sites, with total proposed penalties of $913,133. These citations have been issued for violations of the OSH Act's General Duty Clause and other existing OSHA standards, such as those for respiratory protection, that may apply to COVID-19. Senators Elizabeth Warren and Cory A. Booker have raised concerns about the low amount of penalties being assessed for COVID-19-related violations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2020-10-20
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COVID-19 and the Future of Commercial Real Estate Finance [October 19, 2020]
From the Document: "Commercial real estate (CRE) refers to a broad range of properties, including office buildings, hotels, retail storefronts, restaurants, hospitals, stadiums, schools, and apartments. The market for CRE financing is over $3 trillion. [...] Because so many different sectors of the economy participate in the CRE market, economic conditions often can have disparate effects on different subsectors. [...] Future economic conditions are uncertain. The impacts of the pandemic may result in a substantially changed world for CRE, as lenders structure deals and offer credit to commercial borrowers in new ways to address risks associated with changing social preferences. Further, if the economic downturn from the pandemic were to become protracted, even though failed CRE can enter private-sector bankruptcy to resolve bad debts, Congress could consider intervening and providing financial assistance as it has in other troubled sectors."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Scott, Andrew P.
2020-10-19
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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Comparison of Recent Proposals for a Second Round of Payments [Updated October 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act (P.L. 116-136), signed into law on March 27, 2020, included direct payments to individuals. These payments, most of which have already been issued, were equal to $1,200 per eligible individual ($2,400 for most married couples), with an additional $500 per eligible child. The payments phase down for higher-income households. [...] The following subsequent legislative proposals would provide a second round of payments [1] the Heroes Act (H.R. 6800), which passed the House on May 15, 2020; [2] the American Workers, Families, and Employers Assistance Act (S. 4318), which was introduced in the Senate on July 27, 2020 (S. 4318 is one component of what has been referred to as the HEALS Act); and [3] the 'revised version' of the Heroes Act (H.R. 8406), introduced on September 29, 2020. The House passed the revised version of the Heroes Act on October 1, 2020, as a House amendment to the Senate amendment to H.R. 925."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.
2020-10-20
