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Preparing for Pandemic Flu: A Community Guide
"This Community Guide is a way to help educate and prepare you and all Missourians for pandemic flu. This guide will help you LEARN more about influenza, PLAN how to respond to the next major flu pandemic, and find the best ways to PROTECT yourself against this serious health threat."
Missouri. Department of Health & Senior Services
2007?
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Pandemic Influenza Toolkit for Ohio Schools
"The information contained in this toolkit is a compilation of materials representing the current knowledge of planning considerations for schools for a pandemic influenza event. As preparing for a pandemic requires broad community planning, schools are strongly encouraged to work with their local health department and other local emergency planning agencies as they develop their individual plans. It is important to note that each board of education will have unique local issues to consider as they develop school policies and procedures for their specific district. The information in this resource is not meant to supersede local school board policies or local health department initiatives, but rather to inform and provide guidance."
Ohio. Department of Health
2007-01
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Pandemic Influenza Mitigation Strategies and Their Economic Impacts
From the Abstract: "The current avian influenza in Asia, Africa, and Europe has sparked discussions of a new human pandemic influenza perhaps hitting the world. While the current influenza is not spread by human-to-human contact--a necessary characteristic for a human pandemic--there is a potential that it may become so. Since the pandemic does not currently exist, it is not known what characteristics--such as infectiousness and death rate--the disease will exhibit. The study conducted by the Critical Infrastructure Protection Decision Support System (CIPDSS) explores the possible mitigation strategies and their effect on the US economy. Results show that while many people may be infected, the economic costs for the US are relatively low especially in comparison to past economic perturbations. "
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Ewers, Mary; Dauelsberg, Lori R.
2007?
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Pandemic Preparedness for the Bedford Heights Fire Department
"The problem is the Bedford Heights Fire Department (BHFD) does not have a standard operating guideline (SOG) to manage the daily operations of the fire department during a pandemic influenza outbreak. The purpose was to identify the critical components of a pandemic SOG that will assist the BHFD in managing its operations during a pandemic. Descriptive research was used to answer the following research questions. What is a pandemic? What recommendations have been made by national, state, and local health agencies to assist fire departments? What standard operating guidelines do similar sized departments have for a pandemic? Pandemic influenza is not a new infectious disease in the United States. Pandemic information changes almost daily and Internet research proved to be the most reliable and current source. Results showed that fire departments in Cuyahoga County do not have a pandemic SOG. It was recommended that the BHFD establish a Planning Committee to identify the critical components of a pandemic SOG."
National Fire Academy
Ledford, Kenneth L., Jr.
2007-01
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U.S. Nuclear Regular Commission Interim Pandemic Response Plan
The NRC's [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] Pandemic Response Plan is intended to equip NRC managers and staff to maintain adequate protection of public health and safety, promotion of the common defense and security, and protection of the environment through the continuity of the agency's more important functions, identified as Pandemic Priority Functions (PPFs), in the event of a pandemic that could significantly increase absenteeism at NRC and in licensed activities.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2007-01-01?
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LLIS Lesson Learned: School Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Incorporating Inventory Information into Emergency Plans
"Higher education institutions should consider including up-to-date inventory information about personal protective equipment (PPE) and other emergency supplies in their emergency plans. The plans can detail current stockpile levels as well as provide projections of how long the stockpiles would last during an emergency. [...] On October 10, 2007, the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) held a tabletop exercise (TTX) simulating the effect of a worldwide pandemic influenza outbreak on its Wilmington campus. The TTX scenario included the identification of a suspected avian influenza case on the UNCW campus. The TTX evaluated the UNCW pandemic influenza response plan and helped to prepare UNCW emergency responders. The TTX included 15 participants representing 12 UNCW departments."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2007?
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Pandemic Influenza Response Plan for Seattle & King County, Version 14
"Seasonal influenza epidemics recur yearly due to subtypes of influenza that circulate worldwide. These epidemics are responsible for an average of 36,000 deaths annually in the United States. Seasonal influenza primarily impacts those in the community with weaker immune responses (the very young, old and chronically ill) since most people develop some degree of immunity to the viruses through annual illness or vaccine. This immune response helps protect from the serious consequences of influenza. Influenza pandemics, however, are distinct from seasonal influenza epidemics and represent one of the greatest potential threats to the public's health. Pandemic influenza refers to a worldwide epidemic due to a new, dramatically different strain of influenza virus. A pandemic virus strain can spread rapidly from person to person and, if severe, can cause high levels of disease and death around the world."
King County (Wash.)
2007-01-01
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Pandemic Influenza Workbook: A Planning Guide for American Indian/Alaskan Native Communities
"IHS National headquarters, Area, local, and community planning for responding to pandemic influenza is critical. To assist you in your efforts, the Indian Health Service (IHS) has developed the following planning guide, based on materials developed by the Department of Health and Human Services (State and Local Pandemic Influenza Planning Checklist), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Public Health Agency for Canada (Pandemic Influenza Planning Considerations in On-reserve First Nations Communities). It identifies important, specific activities that can be completed now to prepare at local (service unit/health care facility), and community levels. Although based on national recommendations, this planning guide is not intended to set forth mandatory requirements; rather it provides guidance that, if followed, will ensure a standard level of preparedness. Each local and community jurisdiction should determine whether this standard level is adequate and sufficient for pandemic influenza or other disease outbreaks in accordance with community expectations, laws, and procedures. [...] This planning guide outlines key activities needed to plan an appropriate response to pandemic influenza at the local (service unit/facility), and community level ."
United States. Indian Health Service
2007-01-01?
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Understanding the Impact of Pandemic Influenza on the Clinical Laboratory
This document is a presentation on the impact of a pandemic on clinical laboratories. It was presented by Josh Rowland of the University of Nebraska Medical Center at the 2007 Biopreparedness Symposia Series.
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Rowland, Josh
2007
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London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan: Special Arrangements for Dealing with Pandemic Influenza in London
The London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan aims to provide the agencies that make up the London Resilience Partnership with a strategic framework to support their integrated preparedness and response to pandemic influenza. This document will inform and support the development of community and organisational responses that are appropriate to local circumstances and sufficiently consistent to ensure a robust regional response to pandemic influenza.
London Resilience Partnership
2007-01
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Respecting, Enabling, and Involving All Personnel in a Sustainable Continuity of Operations Plan
From the Document: "This paper describes implementation of a local government continuity of operations plan and pandemic influenza appendix through the first plan-train-exercise cycle. The potential for pandemic influenza was addressed by the Bernalillo County Public Works Division, New Mexico, as part of an all-hazards approach in continuity of operations planning. The continuity of operations planning process typically emphasizes loss of use of facilities. A pandemic scenario based on the 1918 influenza is used to determine whether adequate staff will be available to ensure that essential functions are performed. [...] Human factors addressed during the process included communication to ensure that all staff were informed, education to ensure that all staff could be trained, and organization to ensure that all staff were part of a team. The result of the approach is a near-term capability to maintain essential functions during a pandemic influenza. The effort also supports long-term, all-hazards local government capacity to maintain essential functions."
National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
West, Tim; Miller, Steve; Zdunek, Tom . . .
2007
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Certainty of Pandemics: Why We Must Overcome 'Pandemic Fatigue' and Prepare
In this National Association of Information Technology (NALIT) Newsletter from Summer 2007, Scott McPherson presents information on the likelihood of a future pandemic, overcoming "pandemic fatigue" and the critical need for adequate planning and disaster preparedness.
National Conference of State Legislatures
McPherson, Scott
2007
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Pandemic Influenza Preparedness: Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, Special Hearing, January 31, 2006
From the opening statement of Arlen Specter: "This hearing is designed to acquaint the public with the scope of the potential problem. It could be enormous, or it might not be a major problem. That will depend upon what happens in many distant places around the world, what happens in Asia, what happens in Turkey and what happens by way of an influenza-contagious outburst. We have already seen some 160 people infected by bird flu. We have seen some 85 die. We have seen the problem move in a number of directions from Asia to Turkey. We are concerned about the problem of transmission from birds to humans and then from humans to humans and the complex question of mutation and the fact that we are not prepared at this moment for what could occur. We are looking at issues of vaccines where we are not prepared, and we'll get into the details of that. We're looking at antiviral drugs, again, where we are not prepared. The pandemics have a cyclical effect. In 1918, a pandemic-it is estimated it killed some 50 million people around the world. We have had one as recently as 1968." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Tom Harkin, John Agwunobi, Julie L. Gerberding, John M. Barry, Richard Webby, George B. Abercrombie, Daniel Soland, Christopher Viehbacher, Mary Mincer Hansen, Calvin B. Johnson, Bruce W. Dixon, Joanne Godley, and Larry Craig.
United States. Government Printing Office
2007
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Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges -- Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary
"Early detection is essential to the control of emerging, reemerging, and novel infectious diseases, including agents of bioterrorism. Containing the spread of such a disease in a profoundly interconnected world requires active vigilance for signs of an outbreak, rapid recognition of its presence, and diagnosis of its microbial cause, as well as strategies and resources for an appropriate and efficient response."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Hamburg, Margaret A.; Lemon, Stanley M.; Sparling, P. Frederick . . .
2007
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London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan: Special Arrangements for Dealing with Pandemic Influenza in London [Version 2]
"The Government judges that one of the highest current risks to the UK is the possible emergence of a human influenza pandemic-that is, the rapid worldwide spread of influenza caused by a novel virus to which people would have no immunity, resulting in serious harm to human health, and wider social and economic damage and disruption. In 2005, the Cabinet Office required Regional Resilience Forums to oversee the development of individual and multi-agency resilience and response plans for a potential influenza pandemic. The London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan was first approved at the May 2006 meeting of the London Regional Resilience Forum (LRRF). At the October 2006 meeting of the LRRF, a recommendation contained within Paper (06) 39, to review and revise the London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Plan, was agreed by the Forum. Version 2 of the London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan has been revised and updated, in light of changes to command and control arrangements and the release of updated guidance and planning assumptions from the Department of Health, Civil Contingencies Secretariat and Health Protection Agency (HPA). Version 2 of the London Regional Resilience Flu Pandemic Response Plan aims to provide the agencies that make up the London Resilience Partnership with a strategic framework to support their integrated preparedness and response to pandemic influenza. This document will inform and support the development of community and organisational responses that are appropriate to local circumstances and sufficiently consistent to ensure a robust regional response to pandemic influenza."
London Resilience Partnership
2007-01
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Pandemic Influenza Challenge: Multilateral Perspectives on Preparedness, Response Planning, and Areas for Cooperation
"The pages that follow offer a thorough review of the nature of the pandemic influenza crisis that threatens to emerge and summarize the international efforts undertaken thus far to combat this threat, specifically in the Asia-Pacific region. Insights gained from the workshop sessions and group discussions have been integrated into the workshop summaries in this research report. The data referenced in this report is based on information publicly available as of December 2006."
Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis
Schoff, James L.; Travayiakis, Marina
2007-01
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CDC Seasonal Influenza (Flu): FluWorkLoss 1.0
"Pandemic influenza can overwhelm a community, causing very serious public health, social, and economic problems. Approximately 36,000 deaths and 220,000 hospitalizations per year are related to seasonal influenza in the U.S. However, because illness rates during a pandemic are likely to be 2-5 times higher than a typical influenza season, special planning for work loss during pandemics is critical to maintain continuity of operations in a severe pandemic. FluWorkLoss estimates the potential number of days lost from work due to an influenza pandemic. Users can change almost any input value, such as the number of workdays assumed lost when a worker becomes ill or the number of workdays lost due to a worker staying home to care for a family member. Users can also change the length and virulence of the pandemic so that a range of possible impacts can be estimated. FluWorkLoss provides a range of estimates of total workdays lost, as well as graphic illustrations of the workdays lost by week and percentage of total workdays lost to influenza-related illnesses." An example of FluWorkLoss results is provided on the download web page.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2006-12-28
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Public Law 109-417: Pandemic Preparedness and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
Public Law 109-417 aims to "amend the Public Health Service Act with respect to public health security and all-hazards preparedness and response, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Printing Office
2006-12-19
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Fact Sheet: Implementation of the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza: Six-Month Status Report
According to this fact sheet, 'ninety-two percent of all action due within six months of release of the Pandemic Influenza implementation plan in May 2006 have been completed.'
United States. White House Office
2006-12-18
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Fact Sheet: Implementation of the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza: Six-Month Status Report [December 18, 2006]
"Today, Frances Fragos Townsend, the assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, summarized progress the U.S. Government has made implementing the actions in the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Implementation Plan. The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza was released by the President on November 1, 2005, on the same day that the President requested $7.1 billion from Congress to accomplish the objectives of the Strategy. The Implementation Plan was released on May 3, 2006, and directed Federal Departments and Agencies to undertake over 300 actions in support of the National Strategy."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2006-12-18
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Michigan School Lockdown/Shelter-in-Place Drill Policy
This document contains suggested actions for decision-makers in various hypothetical disaster scenarios at a school. These scenarios range from an active shooter in the building to a hazardous material or chemical incident outside of the building.
Michigan. Department of Education
2006-12-15?
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Is the EU Prepared for a Pandemic Flu?
"How prepared are we? How do we increase country capacity in surveillance, early detection, diagnosis and response? How can Europe help countries at strong risk as well as those with under-developed response mechanisms? What gaps are there in current vaccine production capability and the expected demand during a pandemic? What impediments are there in terms of licensing requirements? What can we learn from preparing for a pandemic flu that will prepare us in the event of a bioterrorist attack? On December 13, the SDA [Security & Defence Agenda] hosted a small group of high-level European health policy officials and security experts for a dinner debate examining EU preparedness. These on-the-record dinners allow free-flowing discussion around the table for 20 to 30 participants to exchange
views and ideas."
Security and Defence Agenda
Chapman, John
2006-12-13
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Pandemic Influenza Planning and Preparation Best Practices Model
"The H5N1 influenza virus (commonly referred to as the Avian Flu) presents new challenges to the emergency response environment if it becomes a pandemic influenza in the United States. [...] These best practices are designed to promote the development of community specific guidelines and operational protocols to meet the challenge of a pandemic outbreak while not affecting normal daily response activities. The response community will be the front line providers of emergency medical care."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States Fire Administration
2006-12-06
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Pandemic Flu and Medical Biodefense Countermeasure Liability Limitation [December 05, 2006]
"Division C of P.L. 109-148 (2005), 42 U.S.C. §§ 247d-6d, 247d-6e, limits liability with respect to pandemic flu and other public health countermeasures. Specifically, upon a declaration by the Secretary of Health and Human Services of a public health emergency or the credible risk of such emergency, Division C would, with respect to a 'covered countermeasure,' eliminate liability, with one exception, for the United States, and for manufacturers, distributors, program planners, persons who prescribe, administer or dispense the countermeasure, and employees of any of the above. The exception is that a defendant who engaged in willful misconduct would be subject to liability under a new federal cause of action, though not under state tort law. Division C's limitation on liability is a more severe restriction on victims' ability to recover than exists in most federal tort reform statutes. However, victims could, in lieu of suing, accept payment under a new 'Covered Countermeasure Process Fund,' if Congress appropriates money for this fund."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cohen, Henry, 1949-
2006-12-05
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Pandemic Preparedness Manual
"This Pandemic Preparedness Manual has been prepared for the IFMA Foundation by Environmental and Occupational Risk Management (EORM), Inc. The Manual is designed to provide Facility Management (FM) professionals with a reference document to assist in planning for, controlling, and responding to the avian influenza and pandemic influenza threats. General guidance on establishing and maintaining a Business Continuity Program is also addressed in this Manual."
International Facility Management Association
2006-12
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Unanticipated Consequences of Pandemic Flu: Transportation Related Issues: A Preliminary Literature Review
From the Document: "Broadly speaking, plans for the containment and treatment of pandemic flu lead to a set of circumscribed outcomes, which include process outcomes (e.g., numbers of individuals vaccinated, numbers of health care workers vaccinated, numbers of intensive care beds opened up) as well as health outcomes (e.g., flu-related morbidity and mortality, transmission rates, and attack rates). Less well-known or researched are other health outcomes, such as excess morbidity and mortality from untreated or undertreated illness and injury distinct from influenza, and social outcomes related to such issues as increased crowding, health system congestion, increasing scarcity of resources (including monetary resources), major population shifts, and degradation of various workforces (health care, urban infrastructure such as police and sanitation, critical infrastructure, etc.) with their consequent effects."
National Center for Disaster Preparedness
Abramson, David M. (David Michael), 1958-; Fuller, Elizabeth J.; Wong, Melissa
2006-12-01
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Effectiveness of Urban Shelter-in-Place II: Residential Districts
"In the event of a short-term, large-scale toxic chemical release to the atmosphere, shelter-in-place (SIP) may be used as an emergency response to protect public health. We modeled hypothetical releases using realistic, empirical parameters to explore how key factors influence SIP effectiveness for single-family dwellings in a residential district. Four classes of factors were evaluated in this case-study: (a) time scales associated with release duration, SIP implementation delay, and SIP termination; (b) building air-exchange rates, including air infiltration and ventilation; (c) the degree of sorption of toxic chemicals to indoor surfaces; and (d) the shape of the dose-response relationship for acute adverse health effects. Houses with lower air leakage are more effective shelters, and thus variability in the air leakage of dwellings is associated with varying degrees of SIP protection in a community. Sorption on indoor surfaces improves SIP effectiveness by lowering the peak indoor concentrations and reducing the amount of contamination in the indoor air. Nonlinear dose-response relationships imply substantial reduction in adverse health effects from lowering the peak exposure concentration. However, if the scenario is unfavorable for sheltering (e.g. sheltering in leaky houses for protection against a nonsorbing chemical with a linear dose-response), the community must implement SIP without delay and exit from shelter when it first becomes safe to do so. Otherwise, the community can be subjected to even greater risk than if they did not take shelter indoors."
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Gadgil, Ashok; Price, Phillip N.; Nazaroff, W. W. . . .
2006-12
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SARS Commission Final Report (Pages 1-873): Spring of Fear
This report contains the first portion of the full official report which investigated the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Ontario, Canada (September 2003). It contains sections addressing the commission's mandate, the pandemic threat, and the story of the SARS outbreak.
Commission to Investigate the Introduction and Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Campbell Commission
2006-12
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SARS Commission Final Report, Pages 874-1204: Spring of Fear (Volume 3)
This document contains the second portion of the full official report which investigated the SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] outbreak in Ontario, Canada in September 2003. The report contains sections addressing the victim's of SARS, a nurse's survey, and recommendations.
Commission to Investigate the Introduction and Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Campbell Commission
2006-12
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SARS Commission Executive Summary: Spring of Fear, Volume 1
"SARS was a tragedy. In the space of a few months, the deadly virus emerged from the jungles of central China, killed 44 in Ontario and struck down more than 3301 others with serious lung disease. It caused untold suffering to its victims and their families, forced thousands into quarantine, brought the health system in the Greater Toronto Area and other parts of the province to its knees and seriously impacted health systems in other parts of the country."
Canada. Health Canada
Campbell, Archie
2006-12
