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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [Updated November 1, 2008]
"This report examines the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The report will be updated as developments warrant. […] The emergence and rapid spread of a new avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its potential for causing a human influenza pandemic have given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues, since, if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Jones, Nancy Lee
2008-11-01
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [September 11, 2009]
"On June 11, in response to the global spread of a new strain of influenza, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the level of influenza pandemic alert to phase 6, which indicates the start of an actual pandemic. This change reflects the spread of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus, not its severity. Although currently the pandemic is of moderate severity with the majority of patients experiencing mild symptoms and making a rapid and full recovery, this experience could change. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues raised by a pandemic since if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report will examine the employmentat- will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Jones, Nancy Lee
2009-09-11
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [May 11, 2009]
"Recent human cases of infection with a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus have been identified both internationally and in the United States. There has been human to human transmission and the new virus has the potential to become pandemic. The emergence of this virus, in addition to other potential pandemic threats such as the avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, has given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues since if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report will examine the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Jones, Nancy Lee
2009-05-11
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [Updated April 30, 2008]
"The emergence and rapid spread of a new avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its potential for causing a human influenza pandemic have given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues, since, if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report examines the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The report will be updated as developments warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jones, Nancy Lee; Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2008-04-30
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COVID-19 and Federal Employment Protections for Work Refusals [Updated May 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The easing of stay-at-home orders in most states has prompted both the reopening of businesses and concern among employees who fear exposure to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the workplace. Fifty-one percent of the respondents in a recent survey of employees forced to stop working or work remotely because of the virus said that fear of getting sick at work would prevent their return. While federal labor and employment laws do not generally require an employer to retain an employee who fears returning to work, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) and the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) may provide some protections for employees who are reluctant to return to work because of possible exposure to COVID-19."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2020-05-20
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Families First Coronavirus Response Act Leave Provisions [April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "This In Focus examines the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127) leave provisions, as amended by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and. Economic Security] Act (P.L. 116-136), and regulations published by the Department of Labor (DOL) on April 1, 2020. The FFCRA created two new and temporary leave benefits for eligible employees: (1) emergency Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave to care for the employee's minor child whose school or place of care is closed, or whose care provider is unavailable due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (such leave is paid leave after an initial 10 days of unpaid leave), and (2) paid sick leave for certain COVID-19 related needs. The FFCRA included tax credit provisions to help employers (including the self-employed) cover costs related to paid leave. Both paid leave benefits took effect on April 1, 2020, and apply to leave between April 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Donovan, Sarah A.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2020-04-02
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Families First Coronavirus Response Act: Federal Employee Leave [April 24, 2020]
From the Document: "The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. 116-127) established two types of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related leave for employees: [1] Division C of the FFCRA, titled the Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act (EFMLEA), amended the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to make FMLA leave available to an employee unable to work or telework because a child's school or place of care is closed or a childcare provider is unavailable for COVID-19-related reasons. The first 10 days of this new emergency FMLA leave may be unpaid leave, but an employer must provide paid leave, up to a possible 10 weeks, for leave taken after 10 days. [2] Division E of the FFCRA, titled the Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act (EPSLA), requires employers to provide paid sick time to an employee unable to work or telework for specified COVID-19-related reasons, such as being subject to a quarantine or isolation order. Although the paid sick time provided by the EPSLA is available for most federal employees, emergency FMLA leave is available only for certain federal employees. This In Focus explores the differences in federal employee coverage under the EFMLEA and the EPSLA, and discusses how the EFMLEA's amendment of the FMLA created coverage for only a subset of federal employees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Donovan, Sarah A.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2020-04-24
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Supreme Court Stays OSHA Vaccination and Testing Standard [January 21, 2022]
From the Document: "On January 13, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court stayed the enforcement of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and testing emergency temporary standard (ETS) for employers with 100 or more employees. [...] The Court indicated that, although COVID-19 is a risk that occurs in many workplaces, if OSHA were allowed to regulate COVID-19 when it is transmissible 'at home, in schools, during sporting events, and everywhere else that people gather,' it is not an occupational hazard in most workplaces and OSHA's authority would be expanded significantly without clear congressional authorization. This Sidebar provides an overview of the ETS and the Court's decision, and concludes with a few considerations for Congress following the Court's stay."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2022-01-21
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COVID-19 and the Value of Safe Transport
From the Abstract: "We investigate the connection between the choice of transportation mode used by commuters and the probability of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 19] transmission. This interplay might influence the choice of transportation means for years to come. We present data on commuting, socioeconomic factors, and COVID-19 disease incidence for several US metropolitan areas. The data highlights important connections between population density and mobility, public transportation use, race, and increased likelihood of transmission. We use a transportation model to highlight the effect of uncertainty about transmission on the commuters' choice of transportation means. Using multiple estimation techniques, we found strong evidence that public transit ridership in several US metro areas has been considerably impacted by COVID-19 and by the policy responses to the pandemic. Concerns about disease transmission had a negative effect on ridership, which is over and above the adverse effect from the observed reduction in employment. The COVID-19 effect is likely to reduce the demand for public transport in favor of lower density alternatives. This change relative to the status quo will have implications for fuel use, congestion, accident frequency, and air quality. More vulnerable communities might be disproportionally affected as a result. We point to the need for additional studies to further quantify these affects and to assist policy in planning for the post-COVID-19 transportation future."
James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy
Medlock, Kenneth B.; Temzelides, Ted; Hung, Shih Yu (Elsie)
2021-02-01
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Federal Employees and COVID-19 Vaccination Attestations: Immediate Takeaways [Updated August 13, 2021]
From the Document: "Executive Order 13991 [hyperlink] established the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force [hyperlink] (Task Force) to provide ongoing guidance to heads of executive agencies on government operation and employee safety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On July 29, 2021, the Task Force issued revised 'model safety principles' to executive agencies and departments. Among other safety principles, this guidance [hyperlink] instructs federal agencies to determine the vaccination status of federal employees and onsite contractors, and requires employees and onsite contractors to 'sign an attestation confirming their vaccination status.' Those who decline to provide an attestation must [hyperlink] wear a mask and be subject to testing and other safety measures. This effort to promote COVID-19 vaccination, similar [hyperlink] to some state and municipal employers' requirements, follows newly reported increases in COVID-19 cases and related [hyperlink] hospitalizations attributable to the spread of the contagious Delta variant of COVID-19. [...] This Sidebar begins by providing background on the Task Force and the vaccination attestation policy. It then describes the primary authorities federal agencies may employ to implement the policy and relevant constitutional considerations. Next, the Sidebar discusses key requirements under federal antidiscrimination laws that may inform the implementation of the guidance. Finally, the Sidebar briefly considers whether COVID-19 vaccines' current emergency use authorization (EUA) status affects the federal government's ability to impose requirements related to vaccination."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Anderson, April J.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Shen, Wen W.
2021-08-13
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Federal Employees and COVID-19 Vaccination Attestations: Immediate Takeaways [August 6, 2021]
From the Document: "Executive Order 13991 [hyperlink] established the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force [hyperlink] (Task Force) to provide ongoing guidance to heads of executive agencies on government operation and employee safety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On July 29, 2021, the Task Force issued revised 'model safety principles' to executive agencies and departments. Among other safety principles, this guidance [hyperlink] instructs federal agencies to determine the vaccination status of federal employees and onsite contractors, and requires employees and onsite contractors to 'sign an attestation confirming their vaccination status.' Those who decline to provide an attestation must [hyperlink] wear a mask and be subject to testing and other safety measures. This effort to promote COVID-19 vaccination, similar [hyperlink] to some state and municipal employers' requirements, follows newly reported increases in COVID-19 cases and related [hyperlink] hospitalizations attributable to the spread of the contagious Delta variant of COVID-19. [...] This Sidebar begins by providing background on the Task Force and the vaccination attestation policy. It then describes the primary authorities federal agencies may employ to implement the policy and relevant constitutional considerations. Next, the Sidebar discusses key requirements under federal antidiscrimination laws that may inform the implementation of the guidance. Finally, the Sidebar briefly considers whether COVID-19 vaccines' current emergency use authorization (EUA) status affects the federal government's ability to impose requirements related to vaccination."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Anderson, April J.; Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Shen, Wen W.
2021-08-06
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Fifth Circuit Stays OSHA Vaccination and Testing Standard [Updated November 17, 2021]
From the Document: "On November 12, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Fifth Circuit) reaffirmed its initial stay of a new Occupational Safety and Health Administration [hyperlink] (OSHA) emergency temporary standard [hyperlink] (ETS) that would generally require private employers with 100 or more employees to establish and enforce mandatory Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination policies. The stay bars OSHA from enforcing the standard during the pendency of judicial review. Shortly after its November 5, 2021 publication in the Federal Register, the ETS was challenged in the Fifth Circuit, as well as in the Sixth [hyperlink], Seventh [hyperlink], Eighth [hyperlink], Eleventh [hyperlink], and District of Columbia [hyperlink] Circuits. Additional challenges have also now been brought in the First [hyperlink], Second [hyperlink], Third [hyperlink], Fourth [hyperlink], Ninth [hyperlink], and Tenth [hyperlink] Circuits, with petitions filed by labor organizations in the latter five circuits. The Fifth Circuit's stay applies nationally as the court considers whether to enjoin the ETS permanently. This Legal Sidebar reviews OSHA's authority to issue ETSs, what is required by the agency's COVID-19 vaccination and testing standard, and the court's holding in 'BST Holdings, L.L.C. et al. v. OSHA.' [hyperlink]"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.
2021-11-17
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Quarantine and Isolation: Selected Legal Issues Relating to Employment [Updated December 3, 2007]
"The emergence and rapid spread of a new avian influenza virus (H5N1) and its potential for causing a human influenza pandemic have given rise to issues relating to the use of quarantine and isolation. Questions relating to employment are among the most significant issues, since, if individuals fear losing their employment or their wages, compliance with public health measures such as isolation or quarantine may suffer. Although the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which allows an employer to terminate an employee from employment for any reason other than those prohibited by statute, is generally applicable, there is an exception to this doctrine for public policy reasons. This report examines the employment-at-will doctrine, possible application of the public policy exception in the case of a potential influenza pandemic, the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), and possible application of the nondiscrimination mandates of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The report will be updated as developments warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shimabukuro, Jon O.; Jones, Nancy Lee
2007-12-03
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Expanding Capacity for Vaccines Against Covid-19 and Future Pandemics: A Review of Economic Issues
From the Abstract: "We review economic arguments for using public policy to accelerate vaccine supply during a pandemic. Rapidly vaccinating a large share of the global population helps avoid economic, mortality, and social losses, which in the case of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mounted into trillions of dollars. However, pharmaceutical firms are unlikely to have private incentives to invest in vaccine capacity at the socially optimal scale and speed. The socially optimal level of public spending may cause some sticker shock but--as epitomized by the tagline 'spending billions to save trillions'--is eclipsed by the benefits and can be restrained with the help of careful policy design and advance preparations. Capacity is so valuable during a pandemic that fractional dosing and other measures to stretch available capacity should be explored."
University of Chicago. Development Innovation Lab; Becker Friedman Institute. Development Economics Center
Athey, Susan; Castillo, Juan-Camilo; Kremer, Michael, 1964- . . .
2022-07
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 15, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (MMWR) is a government published scientific periodical series offering public health information. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Public Health Surveillance and Reporting for Human Toxoplasmosis -- Six States, 2021"; "Pediatric HIV Case Identification Across 22 PEPFAR [U.S. President's Emergency Plan forAIDS Relief] -Supported Countries During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic, October 2019-September 2020"; "Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccine First Booster Doses Among Persons Aged ≥12 Years with Presumed Immunocompromise Status -- United States, January 12, 2022-March 28, 2022"; "Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Response to the Monkeypox Outbreak -- Laboratory Response Network, United States, May 17-June 30, 2022"; "Notes from the Field: Outbreak of 'Salmonella' Enteritidis at a Correctional Facility Using Mechanically Separated Chicken -- Nebraska, 2022"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Uninsured Adults Aged 18-64 Years, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Selected Asian Subgroups -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-07-15
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SBA Shuttered Venue Operators Grant Program (SVOG) [Updated July 5, 2022]
From the Summary: "The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs to assist their recovery from natural disasters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs to enhance their access to capital; management and technical assistance training programs to assist business formation and expansion; and contracting programs to increase their opportunities in federal contracting. Congressional interest in the SBA's programs has always been high, but has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the U.S. economy. During the 116th Congress, in an effort to assist small businesses adversely affected by COVID-19, Congress approved legislation that provided the SBA $1.088 trillion in appropriations, a 35,282% increase over the $3.075 billion the SBA received during the 115th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Levin, Adam G.
2022-07-05
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Women Take a Bigger Hit in the First Wave of Job Losses Due to COVID-19
From the Document: "The temporary shutdown orders and social distancing measures taken in March to fight COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] have led to substantial job losses in the United States. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Current Employment Statistics Survey, also known as the 'Establishment Survey,' nonfarm private payroll employment declined by 713,000 in March, the largest monthly decline since the Great Recession. This staggering number likely understates last month's job losses, as the reference period of the survey does not include the second half of March when the economic shutdown intensified. [...] Women have been disproportionately affected by job losses. Although women held less than half of all jobs in February 2020, according to the Establishment Survey, they lost 425,000 jobs in March, corresponding to 60 percent of all job losses. Women held more jobs in the hardest-hit industries--35.4 out of 56.5 million--and they have taken a bigger hit in the first wave of job losses related to the COVID19 outbreak. These job losses may also be unevenly distributed across workers of different education levels. However, the Establishment Survey does not provide information on workers' education levels, nor does it allow for us to examine the sex breakdown across industry subcategories."
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Tüzemen, Didem; Tran, Thao
2020-04-16
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Were Teleworkable Jobs Pandemic-Proof?
From the Document: "While the majority of pandemic-related job losses have been in occupations where working from home was not possible, work-from-home or 'teleworkable' jobs were not pandemic-proof. In addition, the number of teleworkable jobs lost and recovered differed by workers' sex and education status. Both college-educated and non-college-educated women experienced larger employment losses and slower recoveries in teleworkable jobs than their male counterparts. Although U.S. labor market conditions have been improving since businesses started to reopen in May, total employment in August remained well below pre-pandemic levels, with more than 9 million jobs yet to recover. These losses likely differed across occupations: although many workers could no longer work at businesses such as restaurants or retail stores while shutdown orders were in place, others could continue to perform their business and financial services jobs remotely. Were job losses and subsequent gains concentrated in jobs where working from home was not possible? To answer this question, we focus on pandemic-related employment changes among prime-age (25-54) individuals, who account for the largest share of employed working-age individuals."
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Tüzemen, Didem; Tran, Thao
2020-09-30
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Vaccination Against COVID-19 Among the Armed Forces of the Western Hemisphere: Readiness, Force Protection, and International Cooperation
From the Induction: "In March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, there was a highly publicized viral outbreak in the Indo-Pacific region on the U.S. Navy's aircraft carrier the USS Theodore Roosevelt that led to the infection of 1,200 sailors, including one death. The event took place during moments of high uncertainty, charged partisan politics in Washington DC, and increasing tensions in the South China Sea, and resulted in the ship's captain being relieved of his command and the resignation of the Secretary of the Navy soon thereafter. However, more importantly the episode highlighted the impact of the pandemic on operational readiness and force protection, and potentially international cooperation activities with allies and partners. Fortunately, the international community now has several highly effective vaccines to curb the pandemic's impact and a number of anti-viral treatments have also emerged. In broad terms, readiness refers to the armed forces' ability to carry out a range of missions and operations on short or with very little notice. The component parts of readiness include personnel, equipment, supplies, training, ordnance, electronic networks, and infrastructure. Force protection alludes to preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile or adverse actions and/or events against defense sector personnel including their families, resources facilities, and critical information. For the purposes of this paper, international cooperation refers to a wide range of positive sum collaborative efforts between allied and partner military institutions including but not limited to peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance in cases of natural disasters and combined training exercises."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Godnick, William, 1970-
2022-06
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Impact of COVID-19 on the Economy, Security and Transnational Organized Crime in the Americas
From the Introduction: "Latin America and the Caribbean have been hit hard by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, becoming the world's new epicenter, with 8,430,031 confirmed cases and 317,997 deaths as of September 17, 2020, according to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Latin American leaders including Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, Bolivian Interim President Jeanine Añez, Guatemalan President Alejandro Giammattei, and Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernández have all tested positive for COVID-19. COVID-19 will have a detrimental impact on the health, economy, budgets and security of the region. Prior to the pandemic, Latin America and the Caribbean were already facing slow growth, indebtedness, inequality, inadequate healthcare, corruption, transnational organized crime, migration crises and social protests. Governments will be hard pressed to provide and finance the services necessary for the medical and socio-economic recovery from the pandemic. Meanwhile, transnational criminal organizations will capitalize on governments' preoccupation with COVID-19 to diversify and expand their activities that will likely result in more violence, instability and challenges to governance throughout the Americas. The U.S. must strive to remain the 'partner of choice' in region by bolstering efforts to assist its neighbors in promoting health, prosperity and security in the Hemisphere during the pandemic and beyond."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Realuyo, Celina B.
2020-10
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Enforcement Policy for Non-Invasive Remote Monitoring Devices Used to Support Patient Monitoring During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (Revised)
From the Background: "FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration] believes the policy set forth in this guidance will help address these urgent public health concerns by helping to expand the availability and capability of remote patient monitoring devices. Modified use of these devices may increase access to important patient physiological data without the need for in-clinic visits and facilitate patient management by health care providers while reducing the need for in-office or in-hospital services during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] public health emergency. Increased utilization of non-invasive remote patient monitoring devices may ease burdens on hospitals and other healthcare facilities and reduce the risk of exposure for patients and health care providers to SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]. This document supersedes the guidance 'Enforcement Policy for Non-Invasive Remote Monitoring Devices Used to Support Patient Monitoring During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency' issued on March 20, 2020. This version expands the scope of the guidance to include additional device types (product codes) and provides additional references and standards for consideration."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Food and Drug Administration; Center for Devices and Radiological Health (U.S.)
2020-10
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Unemployment Pandemic: Addressing America's Jobs Crisis, Hearing Before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 18, 2020
This is the June 18, 2020 hearing on "Unemployment Pandemic: Addressing America's Jobs Crisis," held before the U.S. House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of James E. Clyburn: "Today's hearing will address the catastrophic levels of unemployment the American people are facing. Our Nation's job crisis is a direct result of a public health crisis. [...] This jobs crisis has not hurt all Americans equally. The burden has fallen hardest on those who can least afford it, people earning the lowest wages and with the least wealth. This disproportionately includes women, African Americans, and other people of color. According to a Federal Reserve survey, nearly 40 percent of those earning $40,000 a year or less experienced job loss in March and early April." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: William E. Spriggs, Michele Evermore, Rachel Greszler, and Jason Furman.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Accountability in Crisis: GAO's Recommendations to Improve the Federal Coronavirus Response, Hearing Before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 26, 2020
This is the June 26, 2020 hearing on "Accountability in Crisis: GAO's Recommendations to Improve the Federal Coronavirus Response," held before the U.S. House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of James E. Clyburn: "I am deeply troubled by GAO's [Government Accountability Office's] findings that the administration is seeking to evade accountability by undermining GAO's oversight efforts. And make no mistake, the administration's refusal to cooperate with GAO is part of a broader effort to undermine, evade, and ignore effective oversight during this pandemic. The administration has removed inspectors general, withheld basic information from Congress, and issued inaccurate legal opinions to try to keep billions of dollars in spending a secret. The American people deserve better. I want to make something clear: The purpose of this oversight is not to cast blame for past failures, but to make improvements to ensure future success." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gene L. Dodaro, Orice Williams Brown, and A. Nicole Clowers.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Latin America, China, and the COVID-19 Economic Crisis
From the Document: "In addition to causing healthcare systems everywhere to become overwhelmed, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is on track to cause a severe economic contraction all over the globe. Recently, the IMF [International Monetary Fund] revised its economic forecast for 2020 from a projected growth of around three percent to a projected contraction of almost six percent worldwide. This economic downturn will affect Latin America and will leave many countries in the region scrambling for resources, which creates opportunities for competitors to gain ground on a region that is vital to U.S. national security. Specifically, the economic downturn precipitated by the pandemic could create an opportunity for China to make further inroads in the region by issuing debt to cash-strapped governments or seeking ownership of strategic assets. China has already achieved full-ownership of ports in other regions. An economic crisis might give it the opportunity to gain ownership in this hemisphere."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Perera, Fabiana Sofia
2020-06
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Administration's Efforts to Procure, Stockpile, and Distribute Critical Supplies, Hearing Before the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, July 2, 2020
This is the July 2, 2020 hearing on "Administration's Efforts to Procure, Stockpile, and Distribute Critical Supplies," held before the U.S. House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of James E. Clyburn: "Today, this committee will ask several simple questions. More than five months into the coronavirus outbreak, after nearly 130,000 Americans have died, why is our country still facing critical shortages in Personal Protective Equipment and testing supplies that we need to fight this virus? Why is it that the greatest Nation on Earth cannot get a 63-cent mask to everyone who needs one? This committee has heard harrowing stories about shortages in critical supplies directly from frontline workers. We have heard from doctors and nurses who were forced to reuse protective masks designed to be worn just once. Some healthcare workers resorted to wearing garbage bags to protect themselves because their hospitals did not have enough gowns. That is a disgrace." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Polowczyk, Brett P. Giroir, and Kevin Fahey.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Examining the Bureau of Indian Education's School Reopening Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee for Indigenous Peoples of the United States of the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, Thursday, September 10, 2020
This is the September 10, 2020 hearing on "Examining the Bureau of Indian Education's School Reopening Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee for Indigenous Peoples of the United States of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Ruben Gallego: "Today, we will be examining the Bureau of Indian Education's School Re-opening Plan and the steps, or missteps, BIE [ Bureau of Indian Education] has taken in ensuring the safety of Native American students, teachers, and employees. Though I am grateful for the witnesses we have here today, I would like to voice my disappointment in the Bureau of Indian Education for choosing not to testify today. BIE has refused to testify because we are holding this hearing in a virtual setting. While this Committee has often struggled with this Administration's frequent refusal to provide timely and informed testimony, the BIE's refusal to be here today is a new low. This fall, the health of Native children is on the line when they return to school. The health of teachers and staff is on the line. The health of their families and their communities is on the line. If we do not get BIE schools re-opened correctly, Native Americans will die as a result. We know this because multiple BIE employees died this spring when some BIE schools took too long to close. We cannot let that happen again." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joe Garcia, Sue Parton, Lance Witte, and Therese Yanan.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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U.S. Cybersecurity Preparedness and H.R. 7331, the National Cyber Director Act, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, July 15, 2020
This is the July 15, 2020 hearing on "U.S. Cybersecurity Preparedness and H.R. 7331, the National Cyber Director Act," held before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Carolyn B. Maloney: "As our Nation reckons with the monumental human and economic toll of the coronavirus crisis, we must look critically at the warnings we had and the decisions made about them. The most recent Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community, released in January 2019, warned, and I quote, ''The United States and the world will remain vulnerable to the next flu pandemic or large-scale outbreak of a contagious disease that could lead to massive rates of death and disability, severely affect the world economy, strain international resources, and increase calls on the United States for support.'' We must ask ourselves what other warnings are going unheeded, and what can we do right now to protect the American people from other catastrophic threats?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James R. Langevin, Mike Gallagher, Michael J. Rogers, J. Michael Daniel, Amit Yoran, Suzanne Spaulding, and Jamil N. Jaffer.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Frontline Feds: Serving the Public During a Pandemic, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Government Operations of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 25, 2020
This is the June 25, 2020 hearing on "Frontline Feds: Serving the Public During a Pandemic," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Government Operations of the Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Gerald E. Connolly: "The need to support and protect the health and safety of the Federal work force has never been more important. Today's hearing about life and death decisions--and I mean life and death decisions--are being made by this administration amid the coronavirus pandemic that has already affected so many millions of our fellow Americans and tragically led to at least 121,000 deaths. And, of course, it affects the 2.5 million Federal public servants and an estimated 3.7 million Federal contractors who comprise our civil service. Our Federal work force is our Nation's great asset. It's a duty to protect the health and safety of those public servants who continue to work throughout the pandemic." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jacqueline Simon, Lorraine Martin, J. Christopher Mihm, and Jim DeMint.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Coronavirus Preparedness and Response, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, March 11-12, 2020
This is the March11-12 hearing on "Coronavirus Preparedness and Response," held before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Carolyn Maloney: "We are now in the middle of a global health crisis. Our response as a Nation must be swift, it must be coordinated, and it must be based on science and the facts. That is what we all want on a bipartisan basis. Unfortunately, when we look at the last three months objectively, it is clear that strategic errors and a failure of leadership impaired our Nation's ability to respond to this outbreak. This in turn endangers us all." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Anthony Fauci, Robert Redfield, Robert Kadlec, Terry M. Rauch, and Chris Currie.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Potential Effects of COVID-19 on Radicalisation to Violent Extremism
From the Document: "On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the newly discovered coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to be a pandemic. COVID-19 has upended virtually every aspect of life around the world. One of the immediate implications of the pandemic was a significant increase in the amount of time individuals spent online. It will take some time to fully realise the effects of this spike in activity. But it was immediately evident that radicalisation to violent extremism (RVE) could be effected. In the western world, the online milieu now dominates recruitment efforts, and online platforms have become central to the mobilisation of extremist groups. Engagement in forums affords extremist groups the opportunity to bring adherents, fence-sitters, or the merely curious further into the fold and increase radicalisation. The purpose of this study was to present the results of preliminary analyses of how the pandemic influenced posting behaviour across a range of extremist platforms."
Global Network on Extremism and Technology (GNET)
Davies, Garth; Frank, Richard (PhD); Wu, Edith
2021-09-21
