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Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women in the Workforce
From the Foreword: "No matter how one looks at the economic data--by race, by sector, by income--the story is the same: the burden of the coronavirus pandemic is falling hardest on women. Without action, the pandemic will likely erase decades of progress for working women, who are now being forced to shoulder the burden of childcare and remote learning. [...] Working women have always had to make difficult choices to balance their careers and their families, but the pandemic has made these decisions nearly impossible. Women, especially women of color, are overrepresented in the industries that have been hit hardest by COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], such as food service, retail, and health care. In corporate America, as many as two million women are considering leaving the workforce, due to childcare responsibilities. A longstanding lack of globally competitive family policy compounds some employers' reluctance to make necessary adjustments for working parents now. [...] Without a response and recovery effort that focuses on women and families, the glaring disparities between men and women in the workplace are likely to deepen and last for generations. To restore our economy and maximize our economic potential, we need a recovery plan that supports working women and families."
United States. Congress. House. Office of Katie Porter
2020-12-08
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Global Health Issues [December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to severe health and economic consequences across the globe, with country governments struggling to contain the spread of the disease through physical lockdown and quarantine measures, while working towards vaccines, to prevent further morbidity (illness) and mortality (death). As of December 8, 2020, COVID-19 cases had reached roughly 67 million, with over 1.5 million deaths globally. The successful deployment of a COVID-19 vaccine globally could curb spread of the virus by aiding in creating herd immunity; whereby a high proportion of individuals within a population are resistant to infection based on pre-existing immunity (through vaccination and/or previous infection). At least 200 experimental COVID-19 vaccine candidates are under development worldwide. As of November 30, 2020, several companies, including Pfizer and Moderna, had requested emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for their vaccine candidates. Vaccine development is typically a long, complex, and difficult process that can take decades. However, given the urgency of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, philanthropies, international organizations, scientists, and manufacturers are expediting research and development (R&D) for COVID-19 vaccines and other medical countermeasures. The stated goal of many entities is making a vaccine widely available within two years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tharakan, Sara M.; Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji; Sekar, Kavya
2020-12-08
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COVID-19 Pandemic: Labor Market Implications for Women [December 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically disrupted the labor force in early 2020 as businesses closed or reduced operations and consumer demand shifted away from in-person commerce. The swift drop in economic activity translated into widespread and massive employment loss. This report considers the implications for women, who disproportionately lost employment during the early months of the pandemic; as 2020 comes to a close, labor market data suggest that to some degree these losses may be lasting. Women's employment declined by 17.8% (13.3 million fewer women were employed) between January 2020 and April 2020. In contrast, men's employment declined by 14.3% between January and April. Employment loss (as a share of January employment) for Black women and Hispanic women has been considerable and exceeded that of other groups. Women's employment has recovered to some extent since April, with particularly large gains in October. In that month, women's employment was 6% below January values, and men's employment was lower by about 5%. However, with COVID-19 cases spiking and new business restrictions being reintroduced this fall, some of the recent employment gains could reverse in the near term. If so, women may again bear a disproportionate burden of employment losses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Donovan, Sarah A.; Labonte, Marc
2020-12-08
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 7, 2020: Implementing Mitigation Strategies in Early Care and Education Settings for Prevention of SARS-Cov-2 Transmission -- Eight States, September-October 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following: "Implementing Mitigation Strategies in Early Care and Education Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Transmission -- Eight States, September-October 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-07
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COVID-19 and Domestic PPE Production and Distribution: Issues and Policy Options [December 7, 2020]
From the Summary: "The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its rapid emergence as a pandemic have highlighted issues relating to the production and distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE refers to worn articles or equipment that help minimize exposure to various hazards, including infectious pathogens. Given the role that PPE plays in mitigating the spread and reducing the impacts of COVID-19, PPE demand has spiked both globally and domestically while supply has been undercut by both rapid consumption as well as supply chain disruptions. According to multiple federal agencies, including the Government Accountability Office, the Food and Drug Administration, and various independent organizations, PPE continues to be in short supply, which has led to broad congressional and public interest in PPE production and distribution issues. The availability of effective PPE is critical to the ongoing pandemic response, but also has broader public health, emergency preparedness, and national security implications. This report considers aspects of domestic production and distribution of PPE in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the report considers (1) the availability of PPE supplies, including an assessment of PPE demand related to the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) federal actions and activities undertaken to increase PPE supplies in response to the pandemic, organized by executive agency and program; and (3) other policy options under consideration concerning PPE production and distribution, also organized by executive agency and program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cecire, Michael H.; Bodie, Agata; Gottron, Frank . . .
2020-12-07
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COVID-19: Consumer Debt Relief During the Pandemic [December 7, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a large and persistent economic impact across the United States. Fear of infection, social distancing, and stay-at-home orders prompted business closures and a severe decline in demand for restaurants and travel, among other industries. Consequently, many Americans have lost income and faced financial hardship. Survey results suggest that since March 2020, about half of all U.S. adults live in households that have lost some employment income. This Insight focuses on legislative and regulatory responses related to the financial services industry for consumers who may have trouble paying their bills. It also discusses recent developments and the future outlook in consumer credit markets."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cooper, Cheryl R.
2020-12-07
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Unemployment Rates During the COVID-19 Pandemic: In Brief [Updated December 7, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant effect on unemployment in every state, industry, and major demographic group in the United States. This report provides information on which groups have experienced the largest increases in unemployment rates since the onset of the pandemic in 2020. Young workers, women, workers with low educational attainment, part-time workers, and racial and ethnic minorities had relatively high unemployment rates in April. Many, but not all, of these groups had relatively high rates in November as well. The report also compares the overall unemployment rate during the current recession with the unemployment rate experienced during the Great Recession."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene; Carter, Jameson A.; Nicchitta, Isaac A. . . .
2020-12-07
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State and Local Fiscal Conditions and COVID-19: Lessons from the Great Recession and Current Projections [Updated December 7, 2020]
From the Document: "Federal assistance to state and local governments has been a central part of the fiscal policy discussion surrounding the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Economic downturns tend to depress the tax bases of federal, state, and local governments and increase demands for certain spending programs. Unlike at the federal level, however, most states and localities have statutory requirements to balance their budgets every one or two years. Absent other measures, these balanced budget requirements can necessitate tax rate increases or spending cuts that could exacerbate economic distress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.; Gravelle, Jane
2020-12-07
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COVIDView: A Weekly Surveillance Summary of U.S. COVID-19 Activity, Week 49 [December 5, 2020]
From the Key Updates: "Nationally, surveillance indicators tracking levels of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] circulation and associated illnesses have been increasing since September; however, the percentage of emergency department (ED) visits for COVID [coronavirus disease 2019]-like illness (CLI) decreased slightly during week 49. The percentage of deaths due to pneumonia, influenza and COVID-19 (PIC) has been increasing since October. Both COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and PIC mortality for the most recent weeks are expected to increase as more data are received."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-05
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 4, 2020: Summary of Guidance for Public Health Strategies to Address High Levels of Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Related Deaths, December 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following: "Summary of Guidance for Public Health Strategies to Address High Levels of Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] and Related Deaths, December 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-04
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 4, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Sex Differences in HIV Testing -- 20 PEPFAR [U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]-Supported Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2019"; "Multidisciplinary Community-Based Investigation of a COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Outbreak Among Marshallese and Hispanic/Latino Communities -- Benton and Washington Counties, Arkansas, March-June 2020"; "Disproportionate Incidence of COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Persons Identifying as Hispanic or Latino -- Denver, Colorado March-October 2020"; "Regional Analysis of Coccidioidomycosis Incidence -- California, 2000-2018"; "Survey of Teen Noise Exposure and Efforts to Protect Hearing at School -- United States, 2020"; "Increase in Hospital-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant 'Acinetobacter baumannii' Infection and Colonization in an Acute Care Hospital During a Surge in COVID-19 Admissions -- New Jersey, February-July 2020". Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-04
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State of the Nation: A 50-State COVID-19 Survey Report #28: Public Support for Measures Aimed at Curbing COVID-19 in Massachusetts
From the Document: "Over 10 survey waves, we polled 139,230 individuals across all 50 states plus the District of Columbia. The data were collected between April and November 2020 by PureSpectrum via an online, nonprobability sample, with state-level representative quotas for race/ethnicity, age, and gender. In addition to balancing on these dimensions, we reweighted our data using demographic characteristics to match the U.S. population with respect to race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, and living in urban, suburban, or rural areas. For this report, we focused on data from Massachusetts: a total of 919 respondents polled between October 1 and November 28. The data was weighed for demographics to match the population of the state."
Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.); Harvard Medical School; Rutgers University . . .
Baum, Matthew A., 1965-; Ognyanova, Katherine; Uslu, Ata A. . . .
2020-12-04
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 3, 2020: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine -- United States, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of early release MMWR contains the following: "The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine -- United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-12-03
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 20 Issue 48, December 3, 2020
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Firefighters face increased risk of atrial fibrillation"; "Getting ready for vaccine distribution"; "Response considerations for handling ultra-low temperature vaccines"; "PPE [Personal Protective Equipment] Preservation Planning Toolkit"; and "Cyber Threats."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2020-12-03
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2020 Census: Census Bureau Needs to Ensure Transparency Over Data Quality, Statement of J. Christopher Mihm, Managing Director, Strategic Issues, Testimony Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives
From the Document: "Today, we are issuing the first in a series of planned reports that will assess the operations of the 2020 Census and identify lessons learned as planning begins for 2030. My statement today is based on that report entitled, '2020 Census: Census Bureau Needs to Assess Data Quality Concerns Stemming from Recent Design Changes'. The report describes the key changes that the Bureau made in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak and how those changes affect the quality of the census. For that work, we reviewed Bureau decision memos and planning documents. We also reviewed Bureau announcements related to the COVID-19 response and any characterizations of the resulting operational changes."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Mihm, J. Christopher
2020-12-03
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Financial Assistance: Lessons Learned from CARES Act Loan Program for Aviation and Other Eligible Businesses, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has resulted in catastrophic loss of life and substantial damage to the global economy, including the aviation sector. U.S. passenger air carriers have lost almost $20 billion and over 47,000 jobs in 2020, with losses forecast to continue into 2021. In March 2020, Congress passed, and the President signed into law, the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, which provides over $2 trillion in emergency assistance and health care response for individuals, families, and businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including businesses in the aviation sector. The CARES Act contained a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the loans provided under the Act. This report examines, among other things, eligible businesses' participation in the loan program and lessons learned from the program for Congress and Treasury [Department of the Treasury]."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-12
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Pandemic, Social Unrest, and Crime in U.S. Cities (November 2020 Update)
From the Introduction: "This report updates our previous studies of crime changes during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and the social unrest sparked by the killing of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer on May 25, 2020. The current study extends the crime data to October of 2020. The results are based on ten violent, property, and drug offenses in a sample of 28 United States cities. The results are generally consistent with those of the previous studies, which ended in June and August of 2020, and our conclusions have not changed. Long lasting reductions in violent crime will require subduing the pandemic, pursuing effective crime control strategies, and enacting needed reforms to policing. Detailed discussion of the rationale for the research, research design, and conclusions can be found in the June 2020 study. In this report, we summarize the data, our methods, and the findings from the updated study."
Council on Criminal Justice
Rosenfeld, Richard; Lopez, Ernesto
2020-12
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2020 Census: Census Bureau Needs to Assess Data Quality Concerns Stemming from Recent Design Changes, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "As the Bureau [U.S. Census Bureau] was mailing out invitations to respond to the decennial census and was preparing for fieldwork to count nonresponding households, much of the nation began closing down to contain the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. [...] This report, the first in a series of retrospective reviews on the 2020 Census, examines the key changes that the Bureau made in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and how those changes affect the cost and quality of the census."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-12
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COVID-19 Overdose Crisis: A Pandemic Fueling an Epidemic in Florida in 2020
From the Executive Summary: "Based on the data from the Florida Department of Health [FDOH], all drug overdose deaths (provisional) are up 43% from 2019, 55% from 2018, and overdose deaths are projected (based on FDOH trend analysis) to be 60% higher by the end of 2020."
Project Opioid
Bailey, Andrae; Cortelyou-Ward, Kendall
2020-12?
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COVID-19 Overdose Crisis: Recommendations
This resource contains a number of recommendations for dealing with the opioid overdose crisis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Project Opioid
2020-12?
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Viral Vulnerability: How the Pandemic is Making Democracy Sick in the Western Balkans
From the Summary: "[1] The covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis has accentuated Western Balkans countries' pre-existing vulnerabilities related to the rule of law and democratic governance - but has not brought about a new political era in the region. [2] Western Balkans governments have often taken selective and arbitrary approaches to applying restrictions in response to the pandemic, sometimes using these measures to silence their critics and opponents. [3] The measures could have the most severe long-term effects of any aspect of the crisis response. [4] They exacerbate the greatest threat to the accession process in the Western Balkans: backsliding on the EU's political criteria. [5] Yet the EU seems less inclined than it once was to allow Western Balkans governments to get away with democratic backsliding just because they align themselves with the bloc geopolitically."
European Council on Foreign Relations
Huszka, Beáta; Lessenska, Tania
2020-12
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AEI Political Report (Volume 16, Issue 11)
This journal is a compilation of citizen polls and the results. Included in this issue are polls comprised of the following topics: 1.) Coronavirus: What Now? 2.) Vaccine Views 3.) Partisans' and Generations' Comfort Levels with Various Activities 4.) Personal Experience 5.) Who We Trust to Handle 6.) Election Legitimacy 2000, 2016 and 2020 and 7.) Ordinary Life: Holiday Cheer. From the document: "Even with encouraging news about vaccines, many Americans believe the worst is yet to come in terms of the coronavirus pandemic, and they have felt this way for some time. At the same time, 47 percent in an Axios/Ipsos online poll are extremely or very concerned about another wave of lockdowns and business closures in their area. Majorities of Americans say wearing a mask in public should be mandatory. In 'The Economist'/YouGov online trend which we note below, around a third in the past two months believe a federal mask requirement is a violation of their civil liberties."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
2020-12
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Warnings Unheeded, Again: What the Intelligence Lessons of 9/11 Tell Us About the Coronavirus Today
From the Abstract: "This article argues that the coronavirus pandemic represents a global intelligence failure on the part of the traditional intelligence community as well as the national and international medical intelligence and surveillance systems designed to detect and prevent outbreaks just such as this one. Comparing these failures with intelligence failures of the past such as the 9/11 attacks can help us understand how we got to where we are today--and even more important, how we might prevent future disasters by avoiding these failures next time. Today's crisis is very different from previous intelligence failures, but in both the 9/11 attacks and the coronavirus pandemic, the United States was threatened by an enemy that was present in our country well before it was recognized. This article outlines steps that must be taken to ensure that when the next crisis arises, warnings can be sounded, and they will be heeded."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Dahl, Erik J.
2020-12
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How Should the National Guard Be Employed for the Next National Disaster?
From the Abstract: "Since Hurricane Katrina, military emergency managers have warned that military guidance does not adequately inform National Guard employment in large-scale, nationally significant disasters. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has turned this hypothetical assertion into a practical shortcoming. While there is very little debate that COVID-19 is a nationally significant natural disaster, there are still doctrinal obstacles to adjudicating the military's responsibility to provide national, state, or local disaster assistance. The United States must be prepared for the next nationally significant threat. For the next COVID-threat there must be a way to adjudicate conversation between lead federal agencies, the DoD, and the National Guard in order to better source Guard resources for large-scale, complex disasters."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Jara, Paul E.
2020-12
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Two Transformations In, USCIS Confronts Further Change in Post-Pandemic Futureure
From the Abstract: "The Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic both upended the day-to-day workings of U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS) and presented an opportunity to reexamine where policy and practice impede future productivity. The agency has already undertaken two transformations in the first two decades of this century, to varying success: its reestablishment as an administrative non-enforcement agency after 9/11 helped make it nimble in enacting sudden operational change, but the incomplete modernization (specifically, digitizing documents and records) remains a weakness for shifting workloads in a shelter-in-place environment. Ongoing disruption from the pandemic, including both an unanticipated breakdown in its funding model and a prolonged reduction of in-office productive capacity, requires rethinking how the agency meets its mission post-pandemic. The adoption of 'virtual' or distanced interaction with applicants is emerging as a potentially necessary third major transformation."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Locke, Michael S.
2020-12
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COVID-19 Effects and Russian Disinformation Campaigns
From the Abstract: "The effects of the novel coronavirus and its related disease COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] have been far reaching, touching American society and its Western partners' health and mortality, economics, social relationships, and politics. The effects have highlighted longstanding societal divisions, disproportionately harming minority groups and the socioeconomically disadvantaged with Black Americans and their communities hit especially hard. The problem being considered is the potential for Russian malign foreign influence to exploit the divides exacerbated by the coronavirus and target the United States and its European allies during the period leading to the 2020 elections and beyond. Possible coronavirus effects are inventoried and categorized into economic, healthcare, and environmental issue areas that may be leveraged and weaponized. The article includes the scenarios of such weaponization, including the description of focal points that may be attacked. We conclude with a set of recommendations to counter malign foreign influence."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Moy, Wesley R.; Gradon, Kacper
2020-12
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Public Health Departments Face Formidable Issues During COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Abstract: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has raised serious questions about the pandemic response capacity and capability of local health departments. Workforce issues have made testing and tracing very challenging for these resource-strapped public health agencies. In addition, public health has failed to respond effectively to the disproportionate COVID-19 cases and deaths occurring within minority populations. Leadership issues have also hampered public health efforts to impact coordinated responses in local communities. Given these challenges, new coalitions of academic, private, and public health providers have begun performing traditional public health disease control measures and raised even more questions about the viability of public health."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Pilkington, William F.; Kumar, Deepak
2020-12
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Pandemic Policy and the Logistics of COVID-19 Mass Vaccination
From the Abstract: "The sudden emergence of the H1N1 Pandemic in 2009 tested the nation's pandemic plans. It was learned that the nation did not have a well-defined, tested and reliable twenty-first century vaccine distribution system. The existing planning model, the public health model of the 1950s and 1960s served as the basis for published planning guidance. In 2020, once again the nation finds itself in the throes of a pandemic, scrambling to limit exposure and infection to a novel coronavirus, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] . Meanwhile, all efforts are being exerted to produce an effective and safe vaccine. What remains to be seen is what mass vaccination will look like, given that a proven model has yet to be tested, and as new federal guidance is developed and published. This essay explores the status of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign from a distribution perspective or in the context of the Incident Command System, the Logistics Section. It draws from H1N1 and surveys developments implemented in the interim, or the inter-pandemic decade. Finally, the essay takes an historical look at the nation's pandemic vaccine policy and distribution models over the past twenty years. From this analysis, a blended-hybrid model emerges for COVID-19 vaccine distribution whose basis is a public-private partnership."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Russo, Thomas P.
2020-12
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Pennsylvania's COVID-19 Response vs. Homeland Security Frameworks and Research: Masking the Whole Community
From the Abstract: "'This essay offers an intermediate discussion of select policy, strategic, operational, and tactical issues that demonstrate where and how the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's novel coronavirus response on the one hand, and homeland security frameworks and research on the other, converge or--more often so--diverge, and how to narrow this gap. Although typically framed as a pandemic owned by the public health sector, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response falls directly within the homeland security mission space, whose core missions include 'Ensuring Resilience to Disasters.' In some respects, Pennsylvania's response exemplifies best practices suggested by research. In other dimensions, it is neither in line with what research would recommend nor with what the National Preparedness System would mandate. The Keystone State has yet to fully make the step from disaster to catastrophe as the characteristic challenge to U.S. emergency management in our century. Response to catastrophic crisis cannot be siloed; it requires adaptivity and an inclusive approach to the community.'"
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Siedschlag, Alexander
2020-12
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COVID-19: Public Health, Privacy, and Law Enforcement a Precarious Balancing Act
From the Abstract: "In the wake of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the health community faces the delicate balancing act of preserving public health by containing the outbreak, while at the same time insuring that individual health information remains protected. Playing critical roles in both areas during the COVID-19 outbreak are communicable disease reporting systems. Unfortunately, barriers to and delays in sharing health data often compromise the effectiveness of disease mitigation programs. Data must be relevant, accurate, and timely, and communicable disease reporting systems are only as precise and useful as the data that is entered. This essay examines both the successes and the failures of protected health information (PHI) data sharing, reviews the laws and rules governing PHI data sharing for first responders, determines whether the need exists for real-time sharing of PHI, and offers recommendations for future implementation. In addition, it demonstrates that the health information currently available to the first responder community has led to a sense of security and confidence that is undeserved, in part because there is an absence of timely and accurate reporting of such information. Policy and legislation updates must address the needs of both government and the private sector for accurate, timely information reporting by the state's communicable disease reporting system. Health testing capabilities should be expanded and should produce accurate, timely results to accommodate the surge in testing that is necessary to identify the population's infected members."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Whiting, Christopher
2020-12
