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Quarantine Stations at Ports of Entry Protecting the Public's Health
"The profusion of people and goods that daily traverse the globe disperse microbial threats in their wake, usually without intent to harm. Yet living things get infected along the way, and the lag time before signs and symptoms appear can be days, weeks, or months. These phenomenon and other forces intrinsic to modern technology and ways of life favor the emergence of new diseases and the reemergence or increased severity of known diseases. Meanwhile, the risk of bioterrorism has become a pressing national security issue. Taken together, these factors have stimulated calls for greater vigilance for microbial threats of public health significance at U.S. gateways. Some of those calls have focused attention on the number and"more importantly"the role of quarantine stations for human disease at U.S. ports of entry. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have quarantine stations at 8 of the United States 474 ports of entry (CRS, 2004; DGMQ, 2003). Unlike their namesakes, todays quarantine stations are not stations per se, but rather small groups of individuals located at major U.S. airports. Their core mission remains similar to that of old: Mitigate the risks to residents of the United States posed by infectious diseases of public health significance originating abroad. These quarantine station staff, their offices, and their patient isolation rooms are run by CDCs Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ)."
National Academies Press (U.S.)
Benjamin, Georges C.; Stratton, Kathleen R.; Sivitz, Laura B.
2005
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UK Operational Framework for Stockpiling, Distributing and Using Antiviral Medicines in the Event of Pandemic Influenza
"This framework sets out arrangements for the storage and distribution of antiviral medicines from national stockpiles and provides guidance to support the development of effective local plans for making those medicines available for the treatment of patients. It supplements the guidance contained in UK Health Departments Influenza Pandemic Contingency Plans and should be read in conjunction with those documents."
Great Britain. Department of Health
2005
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Pandemic Flu: What It Is and How to Prepare [Arabic]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. This type of flu spreads easily from person to person and can cause many people to become very ill or die." This fact sheet, in English and Arabic, discusses the pandemic flu and how to prepare for an outbreak, including signs of flu, what to do to control its spread, the importance of planning ahead for a flu outbreak, how to make a pandemic flu plan, and how to compile an emergency kit.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Pandemic Flu: What It Is and How to Prepare [Spanish]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. This type of flu spreads easily from person to person and can cause many people to become very ill or die." This fact sheet, in English and Spanish, discusses the pandemic flu and how to prepare for an outbreak, including signs of flu, what to do to control its spread, the importance of planning ahead for a flu outbreak, how to make a pandemic flu plan, and how to compile an emergency kit.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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It's Not Flu As Usual: What Faith-Based and Community Organizations Need to Know About Pandemic Flu
This brochure describes how a pandemic influenza would differ from the season flu, and presents facts about pandemic flu outbreaks. It suggests measures that faith-based and community organizations can take to prepare for a possible pandemic. LLIS Core Capability: Community Preparedness
Trust for America's Health
2005-01-01?
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Learning from Experience: The Public Health Response to West Nile Virus, SARS, Monkeypox, and Hepatitis A Outbreaks in the United States
"State and local public health systems play a critical role in responding to emergencies and are central to the nation's efforts to improve its preparedness for bioterrorism. But public health departments have faced some significant challenges over the years. During the last half of the 20th century, the capacity of state and local public health systems in the United States seriously declined. Problems in the systems-such as weaknesses in laboratory capacity and poor communications with the public and health care professionals-were vividly displayed during the anthrax attack in 2001. In the aftermath of these events, Congress and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) accelerated efforts to strengthen the public health infrastructure. In the spring of 2002, approximately $1.1 billion was distributed through the Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) as part of cooperative agreements to strengthen state and local public health as well as hospital preparedness, with an additional $2.9 billion provided to the states in 2003 and 2004 (Schuler, 2004). After three years of major federal investment, it is appropriate to take stock of the current state of preparedness in local and state public health departments. Four recent disease outbreaks from 1999 to 2003 provide a rare opportunity to assess the quality of the public health response and to gain insights into overall preparedness for a bioterrorist attack."
RAND Corporation
Davis, Lois M.; Stoto, Michael A.; Dausey, David J.
2005
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Use of an Electronic Monitoring System for Self-Reporting Smallpox Vaccine Reactions
"Objectives: Tracking vaccine reactions and adverse events during a large-scale vaccination program such as the recent smallpox program or a pandemic flu outbreak will be a challenge. We report on vaccine reaction data collected using a novel telephone- and web-based electronic reporting system. The system was used to monitor vaccinees during the U.S. Army's smallpox vaccination campaign, which was part of the national program to prepare against biological attack. In addition, we report on the time course of events after smallpox vaccination based on the self-reported data and evaluate the validity and reliability of self-reported take information after smallpox vaccination. Methods: A prospective cohort of subjects receiving the smallpox vaccination volunteered to use an electronic monitoring system to track and report their vaccination reactions. Results: Users made 6.8 ± 6.2 (mean ± SD) reports using the electronic monitoring system. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of self-reported takes were high, 98.8% and 99.6%, respec tively. The vaccination-site reactions progressed faster for revaccinees than first-time vaccinees. Conclusions: Simple-to-use telephone/internet-based technology allowed detailed self-recording of response to smallpox vaccination among outpatients. Self-reports on site appearance were sufficient to determine vaccine takes in most vaccinees. During a mass vaccination event, an electronic moni toring system could facilitate tracking of vaccine reactions, including providing an early warning system for adverse events, and might reduce the burden associated with follow-up visits with health care professionals."
Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science
Grabenstein, John D.; Olmsted, Stuart S.; Jain, Arvind K.
2005
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Bioterrorism Preparedness for Infectious Disease
"Bioterrorism preparedness for infectious disease (BTPID), as part of homeland defense initiatives is advancing rapidly, with the Center for Disease Control (CDC) taking the lead in mandating improved surveillance and management for States to follow, centered around 6 major focus areas with 17 critical capacities. Significant opportunities exist for new research and development of bioinformatics and telecommunications solutions for BTPID that would complement CDC led initiatives. With this in mind, the funded effort, which is a planning study, intends to identify problems and potential solutions related to bioterrorism (BT) preparedness. The first year of this work was focused on data gathering. The second year focused on analysis and potential solutions (supplemented by additional literature reviews and meetings as required) to yield recommendations that could be utilized as part of a homeland defense initiative and be applicable as part of a force protection initiative for garrisoned or deployed DOD units, who are highly visible targets for terrorist or conventional biological warfare threats."
United States. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
Burgess, Lawrence
2005-01
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Executive Order 2005-31: To Spend Money from the Health Crisis Fund on Pneumococcal Vaccine Promotion for Pandemic Preparedness
Janet Napolitano, Governor of the State of Arizona, declared the state may face a significant health crisis from influenza and pneumonia. Therefore, she ordered $100,000 to be transferred to the Department of Health Services to increase the number of immunized with pneumococcal vaccines.
Arizona. Office of the Governor
2005
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Pandemic Flu: What It Is and How to Prepare [French]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. This type of flu spreads easily from person to person and can cause many people to become very ill or die." This fact sheet, in English and French, discusses the pandemic flu and how to prepare for an outbreak, including signs of flu, what to do to control its spread, the importance of planning ahead for a flu outbreak, how to make a pandemic flu plan, and how to compile an emergency kit.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Pandemic Flu: What It Is and How to Prepare
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. This type of flu spreads easily from person to person and can cause many people to become very ill or die." This fact sheet discusses the pandemic flu and how to prepare for an outbreak, including signs of flu, what to do to control its spread, the importance of planning ahead for a flu outbreak, how to make a pandemic flu plan, and how to compile an emergency kit.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Pandemic Preparedness on Campus
"Many institutions of higher learning actively promote programs that bring foreign students and scholars to their campuses. These institutions also encourage their own students, faculty, and staff to travel internationally in order to foster professional growth and advancement. University campus populations, especially those located in smaller communities can represent significant proportions of the total population of a community and may influence the dynamics and progression of an epidemic. Therefore, it is important that community emergency response plans include their local campuses. Disease epidemics have caused more deaths throughout the millennia than all the death resulting from war. Continued global population growth and worldwide ecological degradation are creating conditions that promote the emergence and spread of new diseases. It is becoming obvious that the ability of microbes to adapt and overcome our traditional defenses, coupled with changes in society, technology, and the environment, can lead to global epidemics reminiscent of the worst in history. In addition, terrorists with some basic knowledge of molecular biology and available funding to produce weapons of mass destruction can wage biological warfare on cities, regions, and even the entire planet. It is important that we begin developing systematic, community-based, response strategies and emergency preparedness plans that will allow us to counteract such dangers in a well thought-out, timely, and effective manner."
University of Washington. School of Public Health and Community Medicine
Reischl, Uwe; Serio, Vincent
2005
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John R. LaMontagne Memorial Symposium on Pandemic Influenza Research: Meeting Proceedings
"The Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies of Science held a symposium, in memory of Dr. John R. La Montagne on April 4-5, 2005, to discuss the current state of the art of research on pandemic influenza and to identify gaps in research. The symposium serves as a first step of discussion towards a combined and coordinated research effort among Department of Health and Human Services agencies, other governmental agencies, international partners and the private sector."
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
2005
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Disease Surveillance Systems, Hearing of the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness and Response of the Select Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, September 24, 2003
From the opening statement of John B. Shadegg: "Today, we will be examining the role of disease surveillance systems in preparing our nation for bioterrorism. Clearly, the most preventive action we can take in terms of bioterrorism prevention and preparedness is to develop countermeasures against them so that even if terrorists strike, their intentions would be thwarted because the American public would be immune. The committee and the House took a critically important step by passing Project Bioshield, an effort to stimulate investment in bioterror countermeasures. I am pleased that funding for that important program was approved as a part of the homeland security appropriations conference report passed just earlier today. While we wait for the innovation of biotech, pharmaceutical and medical device companies to develop those countermeasures, however, the second most preventive thing we can do is to be looking at ways in which to be able to detect a potential outbreak through either surveillance systems or monitors so that we can take proactive steps to stem its spread. That is the focus of our hearing today. […] With passage of the Bioterrorism Act of 2002 and subsequent appropriations, Congress has invested over $2 billion in bioterrorism preparedness and response. The bulk of that money has gone to the Center for Disease Control [CDC] which spent over $1 billion upgrading public health laboratory capacity. Some of this money was spent to update and modernize many State and public health labs and computer equipment for improved communications ability. The CDC has been working to establish several information surveillance systems to move disease reporting from a paper-based system to one that capitalizes on new technologies. We hope to learn what sort of real-time analysis capabilities exist within our system today." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John B. Shadegg, Christopher Cox, Bennie G. Thompson, Jim Turner, Donna M. Christensen, Jennifer Dunn, Jim Gibbons, Christopher Shays, Janet Heinrich, Joseph Henderson, John Loonsk, Paul Keim, Richard Platt, Jonathon Temte, Jeffrey Trent, Shelley Berkley, and Christopher K. Lake.
United States. Government Printing Office
2005
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Threat of and Planning for Pandemic Flu: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, May 26, 2005
From the opening statement of Nathan Deal: "All of us, I think, can attest to the fact that the fear of a global influenza epidemic or a flu pandemic is certainly one of the greater health challenges and threats that our country faces and our world faces. All of us have different perspectives on this. I have heard people, as we have talked about having a hearing like this, saying that they remembered the Asian Flu, they remembered the flu epidemics when they were in college, and all of these things… You might ask why the linkage with the veterinary testimony. Part of it is the fact that my hometown calls itself the poultry capital of the world, and we have for many, many years, of course, been concerned with Avian Flu and the effects on the poultry industry here and across the world. But there is a direct linkage, as you will hear, in the threat and trying to eliminate the threat within the poultry and fowl of the world so that there is no transmission. So there is a linkage and we certainly want to hear about that today." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Nathan Deal, Marcia Crosse, Anthony S. Fauci, Bruce G. Gellin, Julie L. Gerberding, Phillip Hosbach, Dominick A. Iacuzio, Andrew T. Pavia, and Ralph A. Tripp.
United States. Government Printing Office
2005
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Roundtable Discussion: Preparing a National Biodefense: S. 975: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Bioterrorism and Public Health Preparedness of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session on Examining S. 975, July 21, 2005
From the opening statement of Joseph I. Lieberman: "The BioShield law that was enacted last year takes the first step, but unfortunately, my conclusion is, without additional reforms, companies are not likely to risk their own capital to fund the necessary research, leaving us with a Government funding model that will be expensive, and I am afraid will not produce the results we need. The concepts in our legislation, S. 975, including tax, intellectual property, and liability reforms, we are confident will give us important additional tools to enlist the industry in this vital research. Let me try to briefly elaborate. BioShield II calls on this innovative spirit that I have talked about. We need to get companies and investors to commit their resources to this effort, and since intentional, maliciously infected infectious disease and naturally occurring infectious disease may have equally devastating effects, the incentives that we are proposing are extended to countermeasures to nature's threats as well. And I include by example pandemic flu, SARS, malaria, and ebola virus. Just as we in the United States seek to protect ourselves from new infectious disease threats, clearly, less developed nations are trying to eliminate scourges that have restricted their social and economic development for too long now, and BioShield II seeks to inspire innovation on behalf of neglected markets worldwide." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard Burr, Joseph I. Lieberman, Orrin G. Hatch, Charles E. Schumer, and Edward M. Kennedy.
United States. Government Printing Office
2005
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Minnesota Pandemic Influenza Control and Prevention Guidelines (Draft)
"Influenza viruses are unique in their ability to cause sudden infection in all age groups on a global scale. The importance of influenza viruses as biological threats is due to a number of factors, including the high degree of transmissibility, the presence of a vast reservoir of novel variants (primarily aquatic birds), and the unusual properties of the viral genome. The infamous 'Spanish flu' of 1918-19 was responsible for more than 20 million deaths worldwide, primarily among young adults. Mortality rates associated with the more recent pandemics of 1957 (A/Asia [H2N2]) and 1968 (A/Hong Kong [H3N2]) were reduced, in part, by antibiotic therapy for secondary bacterial infections and more aggressive supportive care. However, both of these later pandemics were associated with high rates of morbidity and social disruption. To prepare for the next pandemic, an event considered by many experts to be inevitable, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in cooperation with various state and local organizations has developed the Minnesota Pandemic Influenza Control and Prevention Guidelines to outline strategies by which pandemic influenza-related morbidity, mortality, and social disruption may be reduced."
Minnesota. Department of Health
2005
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Pandemic Influenza: How Worried Should We Be?
"Pandemic influenza is once again on the radar of the public health community. For most people, the destruction and upheaval caused by the 1918-19 flu pandemic is an obscure historical event, but the 2003 SARS epidemic and the smoldering H5N1 avian influenza epizootic in Asia have renewed interest in a flu pandemic and brought dire predictions of its imminent recurrence. At the same time, most of us in public health would like to avoid a repeat of 1976, when ominous forecasting about swine flu led to public anxiety, expenditure on mass vaccination, and embarrassment when the pandemic never materialized. So just how real a possibility is a worldwide crisis caused by a flu pandemic, and what can be done to prepare? Despite causing 36,000 deaths in a routine US winter, in the public consciousness flu remains an inaccurate name for the common cold and not something to be feared."
University of Washington. School of Public Health and Community Medicine
Jones, Joshua D.
2005
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It's Not Flu As Usual: What Individuals and Families Need to Know About Pandemic Flu
This brochure describes how a pandemic influenza would differ from the season flu, and presents facts about pandemic flu outbreaks. It also suggests measures that individuals and families can take to prepare themselves for a possible pandemic.
Trust for America's Health
2005-01-01?
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It's Not Flu As Usual: What Healthcare Professionals Need to Know About Pandemic Flu
This brochure provides an overview of the challenges a pandemic influenza could present to the medical community. It suggests several measures that can be taken pre-pandemic to prepare healthcare providers for an outbreak.
Trust for America's Health
2005-01-01?
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Michigan Disease Surveillance System Syndromic Surveillance Project
This presentation details an effort by the Michigan Department of Community Health to use certain technologies to rapidly detect unusual outbreaks of illness resulting from either naturally occurring or intentional events that pose potential public health threats and emergencies.
Michigan. Department of Community Health
2005-01
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Home Care for Pandemic Flu [Arabic]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when many people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. Flu virus is spread through coughing and sneezing by people who have the flu. The flu also spreads when a person touches a surface or an object with the flu virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth. Flu virus can live for up to 24 hours on a solid surface. The signs of seasonal flu are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have vomiting and diarrhea. The signs of pandemic flu are the same, but they may be more severe and affect more people. If you or a loved one has signs of pandemic flu, stay home and avoid contact with others." This fact sheet, in both English and Arabic, gives instructions for those caring for themselves or others who are infected with pandemic flu. Sections include a list of supplies needed to prepare for pandemic flu, what to do when caring for a loved one stricken with pandemic flu, and steps to take to prevent spreading the flu virus to others.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Home Care for Pandemic Flu [Korean]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when many people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. Flu virus is spread through coughing and sneezing by people who have the flu. The flu also spreads when a person touches a surface or an object with the flu virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth. Flu virus can live for up to 24 hours on a solid surface. The signs of seasonal flu are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have vomiting and diarrhea. The signs of pandemic flu are the same, but they may be more severe and affect more people. If you or a loved one has signs of pandemic flu, stay home and avoid contact with others." This fact sheet, in both English and Korean, gives instructions for those caring for themselves or others who are infected with pandemic flu. Sections include a list of supplies needed to prepare for pandemic flu, what to do when caring for a loved one stricken with pandemic flu, and steps to take to prevent spreading the flu virus to others.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Home Care for Pandemic Flu [French]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when many people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. Flu virus is spread through coughing and sneezing by people who have the flu. The flu also spreads when a person touches a surface or an object with the flu virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth. Flu virus can live for up to 24 hours on a solid surface. The signs of seasonal flu are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have vomiting and diarrhea. The signs of pandemic flu are the same, but they may be more severe and affect more people. If you or a loved one has signs of pandemic flu, stay home and avoid contact with others." This fact sheet, in both English and French, gives instructions for those caring for themselves or others who are infected with pandemic flu. Sections include a list of supplies needed to prepare for pandemic flu, what to do when caring for a loved one stricken with pandemic flu, and steps to take to prevent spreading the flu virus to others.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Home Care for Pandemic Flu [Spanish]
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when many people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. Flu virus is spread through coughing and sneezing by people who have the flu. The flu also spreads when a person touches a surface or an object with the flu virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth. Flu virus can live for up to 24 hours on a solid surface. The signs of seasonal flu are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have vomiting and diarrhea. The signs of pandemic flu are the same, but they may be more severe and affect more people. If you or a loved one has signs of pandemic flu, stay home and avoid contact with others." This fact sheet, in both English and Spanish, gives instructions for those caring for themselves or others who are infected with pandemic flu. Sections include a list of supplies needed to prepare for pandemic flu, what to do when caring for a loved one stricken with pandemic flu, and steps to take to prevent spreading the flu virus to others.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Home Care for Pandemic Flu
"When many people get a disease at the same time, it is called a pandemic. Pandemic flu is caused when many people get sick or infected from a new flu virus. Flu virus is spread through coughing and sneezing by people who have the flu. The flu also spreads when a person touches a surface or an object with the flu virus on it and then touches the eyes, nose or mouth. Flu virus can live for up to 24 hours on a solid surface. The signs of seasonal flu are fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have vomiting and diarrhea. The signs of pandemic flu are the same, but they may be more severe and affect more people. If you or a loved one has signs of pandemic flu, stay home and avoid contact with others." This fact sheet gives instructions for those caring for themselves or others who are infected with pandemic flu. Sections include a list of supplies needed to prepare for pandemic flu, what to do when caring for a loved one stricken with pandemic flu, and steps to take to prevent spreading the flu virus to others.
Ohio State University Medical Center; Mount Carmel Health System; OhioHealth
2005
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Epidemic Alert and Response: WHO Checklist for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Planning
"An influenza pandemic (or global epidemic) occurs when a new influenza virus subtype appears, against which no one is immune. This may result in several simultaneous epidemics worldwide with high numbers of cases and deaths. With the increase in global transport and urbanization, epidemics caused by the new influenza virus are likely to occur rapidly around the world. Many countries have gained experience in pandemic planning and response through dealing with the threat or reality of SARS and HPAI. Lessons learned during these outbreaks have been used when preparing the checklist, with SARS representing a potential pandemic first recognized in humans and HPAI representing a potential pandemic first recognized in birds. Experience with these outbreaks has shown that there is always room for improvement in pandemic preparedness. It is expected that the checklist, as well as the pandemic preparedness plans of countries, will need regular revision."
World Health Organization. Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response
2005
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Assessing the National Pandemic Flu Preparedness Plan: Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, November 8, 2005
From the opening statement of Joe Barton: "This morning we are honored to have the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Honorable Michael Leavitt, before us to discuss the administration's concerns and plans to deal with pandemic flu. It is called the Avian Flu… An influenza pandemic has happened before in America, though probably not in the living memory of anyone in this room. Still, the odds are that it could happen again sometime, and so the Bush administration is certainly correct to send a warning to begin to prepare for the worst. We know that when it occurs, this pandemic could lead to widespread sickness, many deaths and serious damage to the Nation's economy. We have an opportunity today to learn what actions we can take to prepare for this threat and minimize the risks associated with the deadly virus. This is a serious business, even deadly business, and we are having this hearing to expand our basic knowledge about both the disease and the potential cure… In today's hearing, Secretary Leavitt will tell us about the National Strategy for Influenza Preparedness Plan and other actions taken by the administration. These include increasing the program for global surveillance, cooperation with the international community and developing an H5N1 vaccine." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joe Barton, Michael O. Leavitt, William F. Raub, Anthony S. Fauci, and Julie L. Gerberding.
United States. Government Printing Office
2005
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Pandemic Influenza Prevention and Control Plan Response to an Influenza Pandemic
The Louisiana Pandemic Influenza Prevention and Control Plan provides guidance to state agencies and departments on preparedness and response activities to counter the anticipated impact of a pandemic influenza outbreak. LLIS Core Capability: Community Preparedness; Public Health; Emergency Management
Louisiana. Department of Health and Hospitals
2005
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National Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan: Is the United States Ready for Avian Flu? Hearing Before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, November 4, 2005
From the opening statement of Committee Chairman Tom Davis, "Today, we are honored to have Secretary Michael O. Leavitt here to discuss what health experts describe as the largest public health threat facing our Nation, the threat of pandemic flu. We don't know when, or where, the next pandemic will strike. We don't even know what strain of influenza will be the culprit, although much evidence points to avian flu. The virulent H5N1 strain has already caused 62 deaths in Vietnam and Cambodia, Thailand and Indonesia. Nor do we know if avian flu will turn out to be more like the swine flu, a pandemic that never materialized. Regardless, we need to improve your readiness because we can be sure the next flu pandemic is a matter of when and not if. And when that time does come, the stakes will be enormous." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Leavitt, Michael O., Chris Cannon, Elijah E. Cummings, Tom Davis, Gil Gutknecht, Jon C. Porter, Jean Schmidt and Henry A. Waxman.
United States. Government Printing Office
2005
