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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 5, 2021: Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event -- Illinois, February 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event -- Illinois, February 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2021-04-05
FDA COVID-19 Pandemic Recovery and Preparedness Plan (PREPP) Initiative: Summary Report

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From the Foreword: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic represents the most profound disruption to daily life in generations. It has reshaped our lives, forcing us to adapt the ways in which we live and work, producing enormous economic hardships, and causing profound personal pain and tragedy - with more than 350,000 deaths and 20 million confirmed cases in the United States alone - and contributed to enormous economic dislocation all over the world. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the 'Agency') has been at the forefront of the nation's response to the pandemic. Our resourceful and resilient workforce of nearly 18,000 strong has continued to make unparalleled contributions and demonstrated unwavering commitment to promote and protect the health and safety of the American public. As the pandemic evolves, there are beacons of hope that we must not lose sight of, including the FDA's emergency use authorization of COVID-19 vaccines, monoclonal antibody therapies, and rapid, more readily accessible tests for COVID-19, such as over-the-counter diagnostic tests. [...] The ideas presented in this report serve as a summary of potential options for the Agency to consider and are deliberative, not exhaustive, and not binding. The potential actions reflect lessons learned from the response so far and serve as a basis for continued learning and progress through and beyond the current pandemic."

United States. Food and Drug Administration

2021-01
Commuter Rail: Information on Benefits and Funding Challenges for Service in Less Urbanized Communities

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From the Document: "Commuter rail is a widely used public transit alternative to driving between suburban communities and city centers, and in many areas of the country transit agencies have extended their service areas further out from city centers to less urbanized communities. For people living in less urbanized communities who cannot drive due to age, disabilities, or income constraints, public transportation such as commuter rail may be critical to accessing essential services. Every year, commuter rail passengers across the country take hundreds of millions of trips not only to work, but also to school, medical appointments, recreational activities, and for many other purposes. Our review included 31 commuter rail systems operating in the United States. [...] The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has financially affected all modes of public transit. Beginning in March 2020, pandemic-related restrictions in some cities across the United States, among other factors, resulted in steep declines in commuter rail ridership and associated fare revenue. However, many transit agencies continued to provide commuter rail service at reduced frequencies. [...] In April 2020, we provided the relevant committees with information on the federal, state, and local funding sources that can be used to support the operation of commuter rail systems, as well as the federal funds expended by transit agencies in fiscal year 2018. This report finalizes and formally transmits the information we previously provided."

United States. Government Accountability Office

2021-04-01
Initial Report on Challenges, Lessons Learned and Best Practices from the 2020 COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Focus on Regulatory Oversight of Operating Nuclear Reactors

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From the Purpose: "This report documents the results of an effort to identify lessons learned and best practices associated with oversight of operating reactors, operator licensing, and power reactor vendors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (PHE) that can be used to (1) help improve the implementation of the Reactor Oversight Process (ROP) during the continuing COVID-19 PHE; (2) ensure the oversight program is adequately prepared for future emergencies; and (3) identify those processes and actions taken during the COVID-19 PHE that can potentially be used during normal oversight conditions."

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation

2021-01
Cyber Attacks and Cyber (Mis)information Operations During a Pandemic

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From the Introduction: "Our goal in this article is to map the various obligations of states under general international law and human rights law with regard to malicious cyber and misinformation operations conducted by state and non-state actors during the pandemic. In Part I we consider cyber operations against health care facilities and capabilities during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, including public health activities operated by the government, and how such operations, when attributable to a state, can violate the sovereignty of other states, the prohibitions of intervention and the use of force, and the human rights of affected individuals. In Part II we perform a similar analysis with regard to state misinformation operations, especially those that directly or indirectly affect human life and health, whether such misinformation is targeting the state's own population or those of third states. In Part III we turn to the positive obligations states have to protect their populations from hostile cyber and misinformation operations, to the limits human rights law imposes on efforts to combat misinformation, and to protective obligations toward third states and their populations."

McGeorge School of Law; Georgetown University. Law Center; Syracuse University. Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism

Milanovic, Marko; Schmitt, Michael N.

2020
COVID-19 Resource Roadmaps

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From the Document: "Our Resource Roadmaps (Roadmaps) assist state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) leaders and stakeholders with navigating some of the challenges, as well as the resources, associated with the Coronavirus [disease 2019] (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, the Roadmap describes how supplemental appropriated funds and certain ongoing annually funded federal programs, can be used to implement potential solutions. 'The Roadmaps are for informational purposes only and are compiled with publicly available information or with information provided by sources that are publicly obtained and should be viewed as only a starting point for individual research. The user should always directly consult the provider of a potential resource for current program information and to verify the applicability and requirements of a particular program.'"

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

2021-03-23
USDA Nutrition Assistance Programs: Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated March 24, 2021]

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From the Document: "U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) programs are often part of emergency response efforts, providing foods for distribution, additional benefits for redemption, and program flexibilities. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, access to food--particularly in light of increased unemployment and closures of institutions that households rely on for food, such as schools--has been a concern for many people. Some observers also view the programs, particularly the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), as a means of economic stimulus. This report discusses related provisions of five laws that supplement FNS's prior response to the COVID-19 pandemic with new funds and authorities: [1] Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA; P.L. [public law] 116-127, enacted March 18, 2020); [2] Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136, enacted March 27, 2020); [3] Continuing Appropriations Act, 2021 and Other Extensions Act (P.L. 116-159, enacted October 1, 2020); [4] Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Division N, Title VII (P.L. 116-260, enacted December 27, 2020); and [5] American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Title I (ARPA, P.L. 117-2, enacted March 11, 2021). This report also includes the Biden Administration announcement that, under an executive order, USDA will change the implementation of some of the 116th Congress laws' provisions."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Aussenberg, Randy Alison; Billings, Kara Clifford

2021-03-24
Federal Eviction Moratoriums in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated March 30, 2021]

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From the Document: "On September 4, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) imposed a nationwide temporary federal moratorium on residential evictions [hyperlink] for nonpayment of rent. The stated purpose of the order is preventing the further spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), specifically by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions resulting from eviction. The action, which followed an Executive Order [hyperlink] directing the CDC to consider such a measure, is unprecedented, both in terms of the federal reach into what is traditionally state and local governance of landlord-tenant law and its use of a public health authority [hyperlink] for this purpose. The national eviction moratorium took effect less than two weeks after the expiration of a different and narrower set of eviction protections established by the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act (§4024) [hyperlink]. This Insight compares the two eviction moratoriums across several key features and ends with a review of implementation issues raised by the CDC moratorium."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

McCarty, Maggie; Perl, Libby

2021-03-30
Technology, Growth, and Inequality: Changing Dynamics in the Digital Era

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From the Abstract: "Digital transformation is a defining feature of our time. The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is accelerating this transformation. The new technologies hold considerable promise. But they also pose new challenges. Digital technologies have dazzled for sure, but they have not so far delivered the expected dividend in higher aggregate productivity growth. And inequality has been rising. As digitalization and new advances in artificial intelligence transform markets, policies must rise to the challenges of change. The digital economy must be broadened to disseminate new technologies and productive opportunities among smaller firms and wider segments of the labor force. Policies must play their part to better harness the potential of innovation in our digital era and turn it into a driver of stronger and more inclusive growth in economic prosperity."

Brookings Institution

Qureshi, Zia, 1953-

2021-02
Principles-Based Analysis of Change in Forensic Mental Health Assessment During a Global Pandemic

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From the Document: "The impact of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has been far-reaching. Among other things, it has forced the reexamination of numerous aspects of professional procedures associated with law, psychiatry, psychology, and the forensic mental health assessments (FMHA) provided for courts and attorneys. In a relatively short period, we have witnessed the rapid spread of the virus, resulting in the public health-driven suspension of legal proceedings and closing of secure correctional facilities to official visitors. Any attempt to consider how forensic psychiatry and forensic psychology will function over the next five years may well be misleading because practice will depend on how quickly we witness the development of effective prevention and treatment of COVID-19. [...] In this editorial, we consider how the COVID-19 pandemic might affect FMHA. In a recent (but prepandemic) survey of forensic experts and legal professionals, the forensic experts expressed some openness to the use of videoconferencing technology in FMHA, although less enthusiasm was observed among legal professionals. Both groups cited challenges that included establishing rapport with evaluees and technical difficulties associated with videoconferencing; forensic experts also noted concerns that certain measures could not be administered, relevant behavioral data would be lost, and the risk of a confidentiality breach would be heightened. This editorial considers each of these challenges."

American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law

Heilbrun, Anna; Burke, Stephanie C.; NeMoyer, Amanda . . .

2020-07-06
Immigrant Families During the Pandemic: 'On the Frontlines but Left Behind'

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From the Document: "After nearly a year of enduring the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, with over 26 million confirmed cases and 463 thousand deaths, the United States has been completely devastated and faces a long road to recovery. Despite the package passed by Congress in December 2020, which provided direct aid to individuals and families nearly eight months after the initial COVID relief bill, people continue to experience historic levels of food insecurity, unemployment, and evictions. It has also left our health care, education, and workforce systems weakened and unable to sufficiently meet the needs of individuals and families. While all families have endured hardships caused by COVID-19, immigrant families have been particularly hard hit. Millions continue to be left out of critical assistance. Immigrants have been essential in our nation's ability to address this pandemic, and they are essential to its recovery. This brief details the many ways in which immigrant families have been left behind during the pandemic and provides recommendations on how the federal government can be proactive in meeting the needs of immigrants and their families."

Center for Law and Social Policy

Gomez, Juan Carlos; Meraz, Vanessa

2021-02
Passing the Test: How to Safely Reopen the Economy

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From the Overview: "The government has published its plan to reopen the country. And with an ending to this phase of Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] nightmare now in sight, optimism has returned. But this plan can only become a reality if it takes a number of careful steps. [...] This paper sets out: [1] The progress the UK has made on mass testing. [2] What rapid tests are now available. [3] Why the critical element of our testing capacity will be rapid tests. [4] The role of testing, using the right tests for the right purpose. [5] How we incentivise people to test and, where necessary, isolate. [6] How we get testing in schools right. [7] How testing links to an overall digital health passport. Things we thought impossible at the beginning of this crisis have now become reality. We must continue to be ambitious in our thinking and embrace innovation and new ideas. This paper sets out the 'moonshots' the UK and others should focus on when it comes to monitoring the spread of Covid-19, and also proposes a new 'testing wallet', where people are paid to be tested. Our recommendations offer a way forward for the country that will allow the economy to revive and lives to be protected. It offers an alternative to the blunt instrument of lockdowns and a way for the government to truly ensure that this latest exit out of lockdown is indeed irreversible."

Tony Blair Institute for Global Change

Beacon, Rosie; De Boer, Joanna; Miller, Brianna . . .

2021-03-06
COVID-19 Testing in K-12 Schools: Insights from Early Adopters

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From the Webpage: "To help schools safely return to in-person instruction and expand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing of teachers, other staff, and students, it will be imperative to successfully scale up and spread promising practices from K-12 [kindergarten-12th grade] schools and districts that were early adopters of COVID-19 testing in the fall semester of 2020. This report describes approaches that early adopters of COVID-19 testing in U.S. K-12 schools were using as of December 2020, highlighting key facilitators that made testing feasible, acceptable, and effective in these schools. In the first half of the report, the authors describe the landscape of testing as of December 2020, summarize the benefits and costs of early adopters' testing programs, and offer recommendations to school leaders, district officials, and policymakers for implementing feasible, acceptable, and effective COVID-19 testing in K-12 schools. They then profile COVID-19 testing programs in selected schools, districts, and states, with a focus on describing the practical details of their testing approaches, challenges they had to overcome, and key factors that facilitated their efforts."

RAND Corporation

Faherty, Laura J.; Master, Benjamin K.; Steiner, Elizabeth D. . . .

2021
U.S. Agricultural Aid in Response to COVID-19 [Updated March 2, 2021]

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From the Introduction: "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first confirmed in the United States in mid-January 2020. In addition to the catastrophic health crisis it created, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to substantial economic upheaval across the U.S. economy, including the agricultural sector. This In Focus summarizes the major COVID-19-related agricultural programs, the types of support they provide, and their implementation period, funding levels, outlays to date, and underlying authorities."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Rosch, Stephanie; Schnepf, Randall Dean, 1954-

2021-03-02
One Year Later, a New Wave of Pandemic Health Concerns

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From the Webpage: "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] a global pandemic. [...] One year later, more than 500,000 U.S. residents have died from the coronavirus, while the nation also has grappled with racial injustice, a brutal election cycle and civil unrest. In our October 2020 report, 'Stress in America 2020: A National Mental Health Crisis', the American Psychological Association issued a warning about the impact of these stressful events on long-term physical and mental health. We warned that Americans faced a second pandemic -- one that would persist even after the physical threat of the virus has been addressed. Our most recent survey of U.S. adults, conducted in late February 2021 by The Harris Poll, indicates that this is coming to fruition. Survey responses reveal that physical health may be declining due to an inability to cope in healthy ways with the stresses of the pandemic. Many reported they have gained or lost an undesired amount of weight, are drinking more alcohol to cope with stress and are not getting their desired amount of sleep. This is particularly true of parents, essential workers, young people and people of color. These reported health impacts signal many adults may be having difficulties managing stressors, including grief and trauma, and are likely to lead to significant, long-term individual and societal consequences, including chronic illness and additional strain on the nation's health care system."

American Psychological Association

2021-03-11
Covid-19 Pandemic and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the EU

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From the Executive Summary: "This study offers a preliminary overview of the measures undertaken across the EU to support victims of violence during the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak (from March until the end of September 2020), identifies examples of promising practices and provides initial recommendations for the EU and Member States on how to better support victims during the pandemic, as well as in other potential crises. Although more research is needed to fully assess the extent of the emerging challenges, the findings from this study can be used to further explore the issues and contribute to the development of governmental strategies on prevention of gender-based violence and on crisis preparedness."

European Institute for Gender Equality

2021
Stress in America 2020: Stress in the Time of COVID-19, Volume One

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From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has altered every aspect of American life, from health and work to education and exercise. Over the long term, warns the American Psychological Association, the negative mental health effects of the coronavirus will be serious and long-lasting. To better understand how individuals are coping with the extreme stress of this crisis, APA [American Psychological Association] has adapted its annual Stress in America poll into a monthly analysis of stressors and stress levels. Taking a monthly 'pulse' to understand how individuals are processing these extreme events will help health leaders and policymakers better align advice and resources to address these evolving mental health needs. The Harris Poll conducted this survey on behalf of APA from April 24 to May 4, 2020; the online survey included 3,013 adults age 18+ who reside in the United States."

American Psychological Association

2020-05
Examining the National Response to the Worsening Coronavirus Pandemic, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, July 8, 2020

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This is the July 8, 2020 hearing on "Examining the National Response to the Worsening Coronavirus Pandemic," held before the Committee on Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Bennie G. Thompson: "The United States currently has 20 percent of the world's coronavirus cases, despite having only 4 percent of the world's population. As the countries are bringing their outbreaks under control, U.S. cases are headed in the opposite direction. Meanwhile, President Trump continues to deny the severity of the problem and is instead focused on his own reelection campaign. Many State and local governments, public health officials, hospitals, and medical workers are doing the best they can under the circumstances, but we need real leadership at the Federal level if our country is to overcome the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Today we will hear from those who have taken action where the administration has failed to do so: A Governor, a mayor, a public health official, and an emergency manager. They are in many ways on the front line of this worsening pandemic, obtaining PPEs [personal protective equipment] and testing supplies, requiring masks and social distancing, and sounding the alarm about the devastating effects of this disease on minority and economically-disadvantaged communities. I hope to hear that testimony about what needs to be done to reverse the current trend of cases to protect our health and our economy. The American people are counting on us." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jay Robert Pritzker, Jason L. Shelton, Umair A. Shah, Brian Hastings.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2021
Examining and Addressing COVID-19 Racial Disparities in Detroit: Supplemental Appendices and Data

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From the Document: "This document contains supplemental data and information related to 'Examining and Addressing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Racial Disparities in Detroit' [hyperlink], a Brookings Institution report released in March 2021."

Brookings Institution; New Detroit, Inc. (Detroit, Mich.)

Ray, Rashawn; Wiley-Yancy, Destiny; Elizondo, Samantha . . .

2021-03
Compound Crisis: Cops, Climate, and COVID (Critical Race Studies) [video]

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In this video, Professor Olúfẹmi Táíwò (Georgetown University) discusses the impact of historic crises on modern day democracies. From the Webpage: "Although the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and the climate crisis are both provoked by natural phenomena, the dangers they present are just as political as the crisis of police violence. Moreover, these crises overlap and compound each other in important ways. The size, scope, and longevity of the suffering they trigger will be largely decided by the institutional responses to challenges and the power dynamics that structure them. A historic debate about the relationship of famine to colonialism and democracy helps show why the compound crisis could lead to intensification of racist police violence, climate apartheid, and climate colonialism." The duration of this video is 36 minutes and 9 seconds. This video also has a transcript available.

University of Toronto. Centre for Ethics

Taiwo, Olufemi

2020-11-20
Toward a Racially Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution in DC: A Framework by the Council Office of Racial Equity

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From the Introduction: "As vaccine data becomes available, it is evident that vaccinations are not equitably reaching District residents by race and location. This report aims to illuminate structural and institutional barriers to having a racially equitable vaccine distribution. This report also recommends best practices the District can take to ensure a racially equitable process exists moving forward. To accomplish this, the report examines best practices from jurisdictions throughout the country, analyzes successful and less successful frameworks, and pulls from available DC Health data. The start of the District's vaccination process enabled the whitest and wealthiest neighborhoods to have exponential vaccination rates, leaving the rest of the District with low vaccination rates. Since the roll out, demand has outweighed supply. Residents continue to experience long waiting lines and there is confusion about how and where to register. In some instances, distributors find themselves throwing away unused vaccines when they close for the day. It is against this backdrop that this report aims to provide guidance on how the District can proceed forward in a strategic and inclusive way."

Council Office of Racial Equity

2021-03
Inclusive Banking During a Pandemic: Using Fedaccounts and Digital Tools to Improve Delivery of Stimulus Payments, Hearing Before the Task Force on Financial Technology of the Committee on Financial Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 11, 2020

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This is the June 11, 2020 hearing on "Inclusive Banking During a Pandemic: Using Fedaccounts and Digital Tools to Improve Delivery of Stimulus Payments," held before the Task Force on Financial Technology of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Stephen F. Lynch: "Americans without bank accounts receive their economic impact payments much, much later than those with bank accounts and direct deposit. And to make matters worse, many of those without bank accounts have had to pay check-cashing fees, exorbitant fees, once they did receive their checks. A family struggling to make ends meet, while not having access to bank accounts, is difficult enough in normal times. In times like these, it can be the difference between a refrigerator full of groceries and going to bed hungry. With all of our resources in this country, no family should have to experience hunger simply because they don't have a bank account. So today, we will hear testimony on ways to improve the delivery of direct benefit payments to Americans. FedAccounts, consumer accounts at the Federal Reserve, have the potential to provide free access to bank accounts for the millions of Americans currently without one, giving them immediate access to Federal benefits. Further, we will explore the ways in which new technology that many of us now use every day, such as the digital wallets on our phones, can improve inclusion and efficiency in programs like this." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mehrsa Baradaran, Christopher J. Giancarlo, Jodie Kelley, Morgan Ricks.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2021
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 12, 2021

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Health Care Utilization and Outcomes Associated with Accidental Poisonous Mushroom Ingestions -- United States, 2016-2018"; "Screening for HIV Among Patients at Tuberculosis Clinics -- Results from Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, 2015-2016"; "First Identified Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Variant P.1 in the United States -- Minnesota, January 2021"; "Travel from the United Kingdom to the United States by a Symptomatic Patient Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] B.1.1.7 Variant -- Texas, January 2021"; "Association of State-Issued Mask Mandates and Allowing On-Premises Restaurant Dining with County-Level COVID-19 Case and Death Growth Rates -- United States, March 1-December 31, 2020"; "Body Mass Index and Risk for COVID-19-Related Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Death -- United States, March-December 2020"; "'Notes from the Field': Opioid Overdose Deaths Before, During, and After an 11-Week COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Order -- Cook County, Illinois, January 1, 2018-October 6, 2020"; and "'QuickStats': Rates of Firearm-Related Deaths Among Persons Aged ≥15 Years, by Selected Intent and Age Group -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2021-03-12
Growing Share of Americans Say They Plan to Get a COVID-19 Vaccine - or Already Have: 77% Think Vaccinations Will Benefit U.S. Economy

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From the Document: "More than a year after the coronavirus [hyperlink] first arrived in the United States, there are signs of growing public dissatisfaction with the country's response. Performance ratings for how top health and state and local officials have responded to the outbreak continue to decline. And there's less consensus than there was at the start of the outbreak about whether certain steps, like restrictions on restaurants, are necessary. Still, at the outset of President Joe Biden's term, there's more optimism than pessimism that the policies of his administration will improve the country's response to the outbreak. There's also a shared sense that vaccination efforts will play some role in improving the economy - a top public priority. And, as COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine production and administration efforts in the U.S. continue to ramp up, a new Pew Research Center survey finds public intent to get vaccinated is on the rise."

Pew Research Center

Funk, Cary; Tyson, Alec

2021-03-05
Stress in America 2020: Stress in the Time of COVID-19, Volume Three

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From the Document: "It has been four months since the first stay-at-home orders were issued related to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. To better understand how individuals are coping with the uncertainty and extreme stress of this crisis, APA [American Psychological Association] has offered a monthly analysis of the nation's stressors and stress levels. This report is the third 'pulse check' of the nation's stress and mental health amid a record rise in domestic COVID-19 daily infections, civil unrest, economic and education consequences, and an increasingly hostile political environment. The Harris Poll conducted this survey on behalf of APA from June 23 to July 6, 2020; the online survey included 3,010 adults age 18+ who reside in the United States."

American Psychological Association

2020-07
Capital Markets and Emergency Lending in the COVID-19 Era, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Investor Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Capital Markets of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, June 25, 2020

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This is the June 25, 2020 hearing on "Capital Markets and Emergency Lending in the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Era," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Investor Protection, Entrepreneurship, and Capital Markets of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Brad Sherman: "Today, we are going to be dealing with a number of bills, including: Ms. Velazquez's bill to require public companies to disclose risks to the supply chain, disruptions and impacts and what impact they may have on their workforce; Ms. Dean's legislation to reverse the Federal Reserve's and Treasury's decision to open Federal Reserve lending facilities only to corporations with credit ratings from certain agencies or having at least one of those certain credit-rating agencies, when, in fact, the SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission] has determined that a longer list of agencies have expertise; Ms. Wexton's bill to require disclosure of products likely to be manufactured using forced labor from the Uyghur internment camps-and this is a group, of course, that the President was so anxious to sell out, but I don't think that should be our policy; and Mr. Meeks' legislation to temporarily suspend rulemaking by Federal fiscal regulators unrelated to the COVID-19 crisis." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jay Clayton.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2021
Adapting Course Placement Processes in Response to COVID-19 Disruptions: Guidance for Schools and Districts

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From the Preface: "This report had two overall objectives. The first objective was to interrogate the consequences--intended and unintended--that may have arisen as a result of the strategies that schools and districts adopted to determine students' course placements for the 2020-2021 school year. We address this goal by comparing and contrasting three potential strategies and subsequently examining the ways in which the pandemic may have influenced the consistency of decisionmaking under these strategies, as well as the extent to which these strategies work equally well for all students, regardless of student or school demographics. The second objective was to articulate an investigatory framework that can be applied to a wide variety of assessment scenarios and that can guide and inform local decisionmaking by schools and districts. It is our hope that this report encourages schools and districts to systematically interrogate the equity implications of strategy adoption and to explore the potential of unintended negative consequences of particular strategies for specific kinds of decisions. This report is the first of three that will examine the impacts of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related assessment disruptions on school and district processes."

RAND Corporation

Schweig, Jonathan David; McEachin, Andrew; Kuhfeld, Megan . . .

2021
COVID-19 Travel Restrictions Installation Status Update [As of March 1, 2021]

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From the Document: "Travel Restrictions LIFTED at 117 of 231 Installations (51%). (Met: Step 1, Step 2, & Step 3) Of the 117 installations with lifted travel restrictions this week, 1 reinstated travel restrictions while 12 lifted restrictions."

United States. Department of Defense

2021-03-01
Can COVID-19 Induce Governments to Implement Tax Reforms in Developing Countries?

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From the Abstract: "We estimate that the short to medium-term fiscal impact of previous pandemics has been significant in 170 countries (including low-income countries) during the 2000-2018 period. The impact has varied, with pandemics affecting government expenditures more than revenues in advanced economies, while the converse applies to developing countries. Using a subset of 45 developing countries for which tax reform data are available, we find that past pandemics have propelled countries to implement tax reforms, particularly in corporate income taxes, excises and property taxation. Pandemics do not drive revenue administration reforms."

Center for Global Development

Gupta, Sanjeev; Tovar Jalles, João

2021-03
Global Trends in 2021: How COVID-19 is Transforming International Development

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From the Introduction: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], overlaid on existing global challenges, is the biggest stress test that international development cooperation has ever faced. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was billed as 'our common interest to ensure our common survival.' That is no longer just an aspirational sentiment. Whilst no one can yet predict whether COVID-19 itself, as against the damage to economies and livelihoods triggered by policy responses to it, will ultimately prove the bigger driver of the intervening excess deaths and other hardships, we can assume the indirect effect will dominate in many low-income countries and poorer communities over the long term. Most of the world is still in the midst of this searing COVID-19 experience, with its multidimensional domino effects. Exceptional uncertainty surrounds what major features of our lives, livelihoods, and the global order will change permanently or indeed already have changed. Yet a few basic contours of the new global context are easier to trace than others, even if their specific consequences are still speculative. In this note, we review and overlay some of the features of the COVID crisis on earlier observed trends and dynamics and explore some of the changes and trends in development agency strategic direction brought about by the pandemic. We end with three fundamental challenges that bilateral development agencies will need to address, and which will define their development cooperation and international partnerships for the foreseeable future."

Center for Global Development

Gavas, Mikaela; Pleeck, Samuel

2021-03

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