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Citizen Preparedness Campaign: Information Campaigns Increasing Citizen Preparedness to Support Creating a 'Culture of Preparedness'
From the thesis abstract: "Citizen preparedness has been a requirement since the events of September 11, 2001 and was reinforced as a necessity after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in August 2005. Although National Strategy documents outline the requirement for citizen participation in national preparedness the requirement is through volunteerism using the Citizen Corps. There are currently readiness programs being conducted through the Citizen Corps, Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency but they are not coordinated across the federal state and local or proactive in nature. Proactive Information Campaigns using core and supporting elements can be one methodology to increase citizen preparedness to support the creation of a ‘Culture of Preparedness', which includes citizen participation along with the all levels of government and the private sector. Homeland Security stakeholders can use the Information Campaign Model developed to formulate proactive information campaigns to increase citizen preparedness."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Bloom, Paula
2007-03
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Creating a Coordinated Game Plan: Improving Teamwork between Law Enforcement and the California National Guard
"The author of this thesis contends that the legislative mandate for National Incident Management System compliance has created an efficient and expeditious relationship between civil authorities and military resources, however a lack of information regarding each other's roles and capabilities, coupled with differences in culture, communications, logistics, and command and control structures has resulted in sub-par interaction in actual responses and exercises since the attacks of September 11, 2001. Emergency responders at the local and state level have frequent interaction, but clear protocols, guidelines and exercises are required to create the same level of teamwork with military assets. Because of the variety of controlling legislation and political priority governing each state's National Guard, this thesis offers recommendations for improving the interaction between California local authorities, the California National Guard, and the United States Northern Command."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Brooks, Robert E.
2007-03
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Applying Goldwater-Nichols Reforms to Foster Interagency Cooperation Between Public Safety Agencies in New York City
"Interagency conflict between police and fire departments throughout the country has existed for many years and is generally attributable to competition for limited municipal dollars and overlapping areas of responsibility. New York City (NYC) is frequently cited as the most egregious example of this rivalry. The relationship between NYC's emergency response agencies, and the lack of integrated strategic planning which results, has many parallels to the situation that existed within the DoD from the years after WW II until the passage the Goldwater-Nichols Act in 1986. That act is widely credited with changing the culture of the DoD from one of service parochialism to one of jointness and allowing the military to seamlessly coordinate and integrate its war-fighting activities across service lines. This thesis recommends that NYC adapt several provisions of the Goldwater-Nichols Act to change the underlying attitudes and cultures of its first responder agencies. By encouraging its personnel to focus their planning, training, and operational activities on what benefits the City as a whole, as opposed to the individual agency to which they belong, the City will profit from the improved coordination, communication, and cooperation necessary to effectively prepare for and respond to emergencies of any magnitude."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
McGeary, Joseph P.
2007-03
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Involving Corporations in Dispensing During Mass Prophylaxis
"The purpose of the mass prophylaxis following a bioterrorist attack is to reduce fear within the community and to reduce loss of life to the disease. Current U.S. government guidance provided by the Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for response to an anthrax attack states that the optimal amount of time for distribution of prophylaxis to the community is two days. Yet, how can the public health agencies of a state dispense antibiotics to everyone in a large metropolitan area within forty-eight hours of potential exposure? A key challenge to a successful mass prophylaxis campaign is staffing the functions required to receive, stage, transport, deliver, and dispense antibiotics. Is there value in developing relationships with large corporations within the metropolitan area to support their active involvement as reliable, effective, and efficient volunteer entities for dispensing pharmaceuticals following a terrorist incident or natural disaster? This thesis evaluates the novel approach of inviting corporations to act as volunteer entities in and of themselves (rather than merely offering their facilities for use to support a government activity) as well as more traditional options such as utilizing the current public health force (supported by traditional volunteer recruitment) and using the United States Postal Service to directly deliver medication to households. A fourth option, combining the first three options to meet the requirements of timely delivery, security, medical personnel support, nonmedical personnel support, and client information collection is also considered. Any strategic option for distributing prophylaxis should address the following fundamental questions: Does the option encourage community ownership of the problem?; Does the option provide for better response time to the problem?; Does the option increase the number of people who can be served within a given timeframe?; Does the option increase the availability of medical care providers to support screening and dispensing?; Does the option reduce security personnel requirements?; Does the option support gathering needed information about the people who receive the medication?; Does the option provide redress for clients in the event of an adverse medication side effect?; Does the option require new legislation or changes to existing legislation?; Does the option increase the availability of nonmedical support personnel for dispensing activities? The thesis compares the four primary strategic options based on how well they address each of these fundamental questions. This thesis provides informed consideration of policy options for community leaders who are addressing the need to rapidly dispense medications, based on combining public and private resources to meet the needs of the community."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Smith, Chester Lee, Jr.
2007-03
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Securing Nuclear and Radiological Material in the Homeland
From the thesis abstract: "It is well established among the intelligence community that terrorists view the acquisition of nuclear or radiological materials (NRAM) as a goal in furtherance of their efforts to attack the U.S. within its borders. The use of NRAM in a nuclear weapon of mass destruction (WMD) or a radiological dispersion device (RDD) could potentially kill and injure thousands of American citizens. The economic impact of such a terrorist act on U.S. soil could cause profound economic damage, and would terrify the nation. While international efforts have been underway for many years to better secure military nuclear weapons and materials, this research finds that a comprehensive national security strategy in the U.S. for commercial nuclear materials is needed. While some strides were made in 2005 through measures taken by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to better secure nuclear generating power facilities, there is no similar comprehensive security strategy for NRAM stored or being transported in the U.S. This poses a potentially serious threat to our homeland security. This research reviews the present statutory and regulatory scheme for NRAM, and outlines a dramatic new approach that will better ensure our homeland security."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Eack, Kevin D.
2007-03
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Building Collaborative Capacity for Biosecurity at the Georgia Seaports
From the thesis abstract: "When public health interventions are incorporated into a comprehensive seaport security strategy, they can effectively prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality, resulting from natural or man-made disasters. The challenge is to build collaborative capacities through new and renewed seaport surveillance activities among government agencies and private companies to strengthen the role of public health to detect, intercept, and mitigate the potential effects of the intentional or unintentional introduction of diseases. Currently, effective collaborative processes between public health agencies and other local, state and federal partners in seaport security are weak and primarily the result of informal activities. Although seaport security receives considerable policy attention in other areas of risk management, such as radiological detection, public health investments are relatively neglected. Effective, sustainable approaches to building interagency collaboration could prove to be an indispensable homeland security initiative to prepare for a bioterrorism attack or other infectious disease incidents."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Neu, Annette L.
2007-03
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Terrorism Information Management within the New York City Fire Department: Past, Present and Future
"The New York City Fire Department, like the entire fire service, has been proven to be a primary stakeholder in Homeland Security. The mindset of firefighters is influenced by traditional and expected roles that are not fully considerate of the challenges accompanying the 'new enemy' of terrorism. A fundamental deficiency is herein identified as the manner in which information is managed. The FDNY must adapt so as to recognize information as an entity that must be collected, saved and utilized holistically for greater preventative and response capabilities. It must adopt lessons learned by others in the pursuit of better information management. These needs also exist, to a great extent, within the national fire service. This thesis will use a detailed analysis of existing FDNY information systems, a review of the criticality of information to past events, and the perspectives of FDNY firefighters to identify common denominators of deficiency. It will examine the manner in which others have confronted the issue of information management with an eye toward extracting salient lessons. The operational and psychological ramifications of poor information management will be explored. Finally, concepts that hold promise for the underpinning of practical solutions to the information management problem are presented."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Flynn, John P.
2007-03
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Government Expectations and the Role of Law Enforcement in a Biological Incident
From the thesis abstract: "Currently government and public health are drafting emergency response plans regarding biological events (man-made & natural) that include responsibilities for law enforcement. Yet, police officers are unaccustomed to working with biological agents or responding to biological incidents, and have little if any experience in this area. Therefore, their expectations and concerns are unknown and their willingness to respond is untested. Through the use of focus groups, officers were asked questions about their thoughts and concerns regarding responding to a bioincident. The focus groups consisted of over forty police officers, from more than five different agencies in the National Capitol Region. The results of the research demonstrate that most police officers are willing to respond to a biological incident; however, they expect that their families will be properly cared for by their agency, which presents a problem if there is no vaccine available. Other areas that were explored were the officers' expectations of the public and of their respective agencies in a bio-incident. The research concludes with recommendations regarding ways to prepare the public to have realistic expectations of law enforcement, the need to create a Family Support Unit within each agency, as well as other recommendations."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Demme, Nancy
2007-03
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Development and Recognition of Homeland Security Law
"The thesis considers those laws created since 9/11 in direct response to that terrorist attack and intended to protect the American Homeland from further attack. Just as Congress passed thousands of pages of legislation in response to the events of 9/11, the Department of Homeland Security, created by one of those new laws, is churning out thousands of pages of federal regulations, and thousands of federal workers now seek to regulate and impose new legal standards, on U.S. citizens and businesses. After analyzing the congressional responses to 9/11, a survey was created and sent to those attorneys who hold themselves out as practicing or teaching 'Homeland Security Law.' The intent was to determine whether the legal profession should now recognize Homeland Security Law as a separate practice area, and if not, what steps are necessary before a practice area is recognized. A substantial majority in each survey, and in the interviews, found that anti-terrorism laws, emergency management and critical infrastructure resiliency and protection are included within the area of 'Homeland Security Law.' A working definition of Homeland Security Law then, is 'those laws and regulations enacted or promulgated to ensure domestic security from man made or natural attack or disaster'."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
McDaniel, Michael C. (Michael C. H.)
2007-03
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From the Battlefield to the Homeland: Building the Case for Network-Centric Response
From the thesis abstract: "Our nation's ability to respond to natural or man-made disasters has remained relatively unchanged since the attacks of 9/11. Current response operations are characterized by the inability to efficiently produce a collaborative and effective response to incidents of national significance and address the challenges of the Information Age. The military has adapted network-centric tenants and principles from business applications to effectively operate in the Information Age and increase mission effectiveness. These tenants and principles can be adapted by responders to address current deficiencies and increase mission effectiveness. Implementation of "network-centric response" is both technologically and organizationally feasible. Network-centric response operations would allow responders to meet the challenges and leverage the opportunities of the Information Age, resulting in increased mission effectiveness."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Peterson, Michael C.
2007-03
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Impact of Contextual Background Fusion on Perceived Value and Quality of Unclassified Terrorism Intelligence
"There are millions of police, fire, public health, emergency medical, emergency management, and public sector homeland security professionals ready and willing to assist in the global war on terror (GWOT) and current strategies to strengthen homeland security include the provision of unclassified intelligence products to these non traditional recipients (NTR). Simply pushing intelligence products to NTR is not enough, NTR must possess adequate contextual background in order to effectively utilize intelligence provided by the Intelligence Community (IC) in implementing strategies in information driven and risk based prevention and response. Given the diversity of NTR, distribution of 'one size fits all' products ensures that the intelligence will fit no one's needs. This thesis researches the impact of intelligence contextual background fusion (CBF) through the use of hyperlink technology and evaluates the likelihood of hyperlink acceptance by NTR. By utilizing DHS and FBI customer satisfaction survey questions in 'quality' and 'value' factors along with previously validated Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questions in 'ease of use' and 'usefulness' factors, this research finds that CBF significantly improves both perceived value and quality, and finds that NTR overwhelmingly prefer a CBF product. NTR broadly accepted hyperlink technology in this application."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Eaneff, Charles
2007-03
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Improving the Resiliency of the Natural Gas Supply and Distribution Network
"To accommodate the nation's escalating demand for natural gas, which is expected to increase 700% by 2030, the natural gas industry will likely build several new liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminals. The location of these new terminals is an important strategic decision that significantly impacts the resiliency of the nation's natural gas supply and distribution network. Due to public opposition in many communities and shortcomings in the current licensing process, any additional LNG import terminals are apt to be concentrated along the Gulf Coast. Unfortunately, this impending concentration will increase the vulnerability and diminish the resiliency of this critical infrastructure. This thesis uses network theory to forecast how the location of new terminals will impact the risk, vulnerability, and resiliency of the natural gas supply and distribution network. To enhance the resiliency and reduce the vulnerability of this critical infrastructure, we argue network analysis methodology should be applied during the terminal siting process. The Federal government must act quickly to facilitate siting of terminals in locations that reduce the vulnerability and improve the resiliency of the natural gas network. Failure to act will squander an unprecedented opportunity to shape and intelligently design this portion of the nation's critical infrastructure."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Nadeau, John
2007-03
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Fractured Fairy Tale: The War on Terror and the Emperor's New Clothes
"The War in Iraq has become politically radioactive. It is a burden, not a boon, to any politician associated with it. Not so the War on Terror. It continues to attract the allegiance of every politician in the country, whether as a justification for keeping U.S. troops in Iraq (to win the 'central front' in the War on Terror), or as a justification for withdrawing them (to win the really crucial battles in the War on Terror at home and in Afghanistan). Both official rhetoric and practice, including wars abroad, massive surveillance activities, and colossal expenditures, have bolstered the reigning belief that America is locked in a death struggle with terrorism. Since 2001 the entire country, every nook and cranny, has been officially deemed to be exposed to at least an 'elevated' risk of terrorist attack- 'Threat Condition Yellow'-with episodes and particular locations sometimes labeled as Orange, meaning 'severe' risk of terrorist attack. By mid-2006 the United States had spent at least $650 billion on the War on Terror, including expenditures linked to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lustick, Ian, 1949-
2007-02
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Expecting the Unexpected: The Need for a Networked Terrorism and Disaster Response Strategy
"Since Hurricane Katrina, attention has focused on improving management of response to natural disasters and terrorist attacks. However, what if the current management approach is so fundamentally mismatched to the challenge at hand that, even when improved, it is still unequal to the task? This essay argues that terrorist attacks or natural disasters are likely to be so unpredictable that they frequently require improvised responses (as conventional hierarchical structures are ill-suited to such situations) and outlines a flexible and highly adaptive networked structure. Networked personal communication devices and applications that the general public can and will use in a disaster offer the possibility of a new networked strategy that can foster the 'swarm intelligence' needed in a disaster, in which a community, even an ad hoc one, is capable of a higher level of collective behavior than could be predicted from the capabilities of individual members."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Stephenson, W. David; Bonabeau, Eric
2007-02
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Interoperability: Stop Blaming the Radio
"One of the most pressing first responder issues emerging in the post-9/11 era is the need to improve emergency scene radio communications. This concern actually pre-dates the terrorist attacks on the United States in 2001, and has been a commonly cited issue, in dealing with nearly every disaster or incident of major significance, for many years."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Timmons, Ronald P.
2007-02
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Changing Homeland Security: Ten Essential Homeland Security Books
"This article presents what I consider to be ten essential homeland security books. The list is personal and provisional. The discipline is too new to have a canon. We need to continuously examine what is signal and what is background noise in homeland security's academic environment. Much has been written about homeland security. A lot more is in the publishing pipeline. My list includes books I find myself returning to as I seek to understand contemporary homeland security events. Beyond personal interest, I believe they form a foundation for a growing understanding of the parameters of what it means to study homeland security as a professional discipline. Other books-and important articles-could be added, but ten is sufficient to start."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Bellavita, Christopher
2007-02
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Deterrence, Terrorism, and American Values
"This article explores the practical obstacles to applying deterrence to United States counterterrorism policy. Many commentators still discuss deterrence as a tool for U.S. policymakers to use to prevent future terrorist attacks on the U.S. homeland or its interests abroad. This paper argues that, while theoretically deterrence may be a viable approach to defending against terrorism, the actual policy choices that will be required of the U.S. to deter terrorism are morally and politically problematic. To effectively deter elements of a terrorist organization the U.S. would be forced to pursue policies that come into direct conflict with American core values. This paper aims to identify a number of the actual policy choices the U.S. must consider in order to deter the elements that comprise a terrorist organization and assess the compatibility of those choices with democratic values."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Fisher, Uri
2007-02
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Teaching an Overview of Homeland Security
This presentation provides an overview of what Homeland Security leaders should be talking about and how to create an overview course on the subject. The Naval Postgraduate School program is reviewed and course samples are included, as well as NPS course content. Additionally, NPS philosophy and educational methods are described. The Center for Homeland Defense & Security (CHDS) includes the following curriculum: Intro to Homeland Security studies (HLS), asymmetric conflict; technology in HLS, intelligence; critical infrastructure protection, special topics; multidisciplinary approaches to HLS, comparative government for HLS; planning and budgeting for HLS, psychology of fear management and terrorism; and knowledge into practice, thesis research. Emphasis is on the practical application of legal/ethical considerations, asymmetric thinking, civil liberties/privacy balance, and interagency communications/cooperation. Course content is described, as well as sample courses, programs, foundation course content, CHDS education philosophy, and course objectives.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Supinski, Stanley B.
2007-02
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: Islamic Radicalization and the U.S. [video]
From the Video Description: "Dr. Bruce Hoffman is a professor in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. He is considered by many to be the pre-eminent terrorism studies scholar today. His numerous publications include the highly influential, 'Inside Terrorism.' In this interview, Dr. Hoffman discusses his research and analysis on the multi-faceted issue of Islamic radicalization and how that impacts the U.S." The duration of the video is 8 minutes and 52 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Hoffman, Bruce, 1954-
2007-01-30
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: Intelligence: A Shifting Mosaic [video]
From the Video Description: "Dr. Mark Lowenthal, President and CEO of the Intelligence and Security Academy, discusses the many challenges facing HS [homeland security] leaders and the Intelligence community as they define what HS Intelligence is and how to share information amongst the many players involved." The duration of the video is 15 minutes and 57 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lowenthal, Mark M.
2007-01-09
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Center for Homeland Defense and Security - CHDS Fact Sheet
This fact sheet outlines the programs offered by the Center for Homeland Defense and Security, including executive education seminars, the university and agency partnership initiative, and online courses. Please Note: This record has been imported to the HSDL as part of the LLIS Consolidation project and has not yet been reviewed by HSDL staff. Some information may be incomplete, missing, or inaccurate. For more information on the LLIS Consolidation project, please see here: [http://www.hsdl.org/?llis]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2007-01-01?
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: U.S. NORTHCOM Support for Homeland Security [video]
In this Viewpoints episode, Gene Pino, Command Director for Joint Training and Exercise at North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Northern Command, discusses the history of NORTHCOM and its role in defending the homeland. The Center for Homeland Defense and Security produces the "Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security" series to allow homeland security leaders to share opinions on current issues and challenges.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Pino, Gene
2006-12
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Proceedings of the Workshop on Preparing for and Responding to Disasters in North America, San Antonio, Texas [November 7, 2006]
"Dr. Lance Robinson, Battelle Corporation, provides a succinct overview of the Workshop on Preparing for and Responding to Disasters in North America, which occurred in San Antonio, TX, November 6-7, 2006. The Proceedings describe the content and context of the workshop, which was co-hosted by the University of Texas, San Antonio, East Carolina University, and the Homeland Security and Defense Education Consortium of the U.S. Northern Command. Three panels, comprised of academics, military, public service and government personnel, tackled issues ranging from pandemic flu, to natural disasters, to terrorism. Panelists discussed the issues and offered suggestions on how governments, the military, and the private sectors in Canada, Mexico, and the United States can work together to tackle these homeland security challenges."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Robinson, Lance
2006-11-07
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: DHS Intelligence [video]
In this Viewpoints interview, Jack Tomarchio, the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis at the Department of Homeland Security, discusses DHS intelligence, its achievements over the past year, and the long term vision of DHS Intelligence and Analysis. The Center for Homeland Defense and Security produces the "Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security" series to allow homeland security leaders to share opinions on current issues and challenges. The duration of this video is 8 minutes and 42 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Tomarchio, Jack Thomas
2006-11?
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Changing Homeland Security: Shape Patterns, Not Programs
"What is a homeland security future worth creating? After enough discussion, the homeland security community could probably agree on the broad outlines of a desirable future. Eventually the community could develop a strategy for implementing that vision. But as the years passed, the vision would encounter reality. Homeland security strategy - defined as the pattern of consistent behavior over time - is both intentional and emergent. The homeland security community does a continually improving job identifying and enacting intended strategy. The community is less effective explicitly acknowledging and integrating emergent strategy. We can do better. Getting to a desirable homeland security future will be somewhat like driving at night. We know broadly what our destination could be. But we see only as far as our headlights shine, and we do not know what we will encounter on the road. This essay describes a framework that can help keep the homeland security community in between the white lines on the road to the next ten years. The article recommends a strategic process that incorporates the dynamic realities of complex adaptive systems. It asserts that recognizing and managing systemic patterns - rather than focusing on programs - would benefit homeland security."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Bellavita, Christopher
2006-10
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Basic Practices Aiding High-Performance Homeland Security Regional Partnerships
"One national priority under the National Preparedness Goal is collaborative geographic regional approaches. This article identifies several basic practices intended to facilitate forming and sustaining a high-performance partnership that should be useful for these collaborative approaches. These practices draw on collaboration, coordination, partnership, and performance management literature and reports. The practices are in two categories: strategic and enabling. The strategic practices value and justify the partnership. Strategic practices are (1) implementing a formal regional partnership; (2) assessing the value and content of a regional partnership on an ongoing basis; and (3) defining and articulating a common mission and specific regional partnership strategic outcomes. The enabling practices support developing, implementing, and sustaining the partnership. Enabling practices are (1) having leadership to champion commitment to a regional partnership and high-performance; (2) crafting the regional partnership's organizational infrastructure and norms to perform effectively; (3) developing joint regional strategic goals, objectives, measures, and strategies across regional jurisdictions to accomplish the strategic outcomes; (4) providing resources from both joint and individual regional partner sources to initiate and sustain the regional goals, objectives, and related strategies; and (5) setting a regional partnership performance management system for outcomes and individual performance management systems to reinforce partnerships. The practices are intended to serve as aids as jurisdictions enhance current regional arrangements or build new ones. They might be considered the base set on which to build or assess regional homeland security approaches. The article also points to additional avenues of research, such as criteria to form a geographic region, dealing with 'free rider' partners, and specific homeland security partnership skills and capabilities."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Caudle, Sharon L.
2006-10
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Why Strategy Matters in the War on Terror
"In labeling its post-9/11 efforts the 'war' on terror, the United States invoked a war metaphor that ties its success or failure to the doctrinal rules of war. This paper follows that metaphor and looks at the war on terror from the vantage point of the strategic issues that must be addressed if the United States is to, first, avoid the strategic mistakes of Vietnam and, second, transform its efforts from the industrial age to the information age. It examines the issues along five lines of inquiry: definition, doctrine, policy, strategy, and transformation. Its conclusion is that the United States must clearly define the strategy and terms of this war on terror if it is to avoid being defined - as a nation - by the strategy and terms set by its enemies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Reed, Donald J.
2006-10
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Department of Defense as Lead Federal Agency
"In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, many, including the president, have called for serious public discussion over whether the U.S. military should take over what has been historically a civilian governmental function of catastrophic incident response. The author addresses many of the complex legal and policy issues surrounding this shift in government responsibility and accountability. These issues relate to challenges to the concept of federalism, state sovereignty, gubernatorial authority, and to the constitutional underpinnings of our government. This article calls into the question the public's ultimate willingness to accept an expanded use of federal military forces on U.S. soil. The author provides specific recommendations for rebuilding a more viable and cohesive federal and state civilian response capability, through building solid, day-to-day working relationships between the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Gereski, Kathleen J.
2006-10
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Federalism, Homeland Security and National Preparedness: A Case Study in the Development of Public Policy
"Since the events of September 11, 2001 all levels and branches of government have been focused on how best to assess national preparedness so that appropriate resource decisions can be made to enhance the nation's ability to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from major catastrophic events. In nearly all national-level policy documents dealing with homeland security, particular mention is given to the principle of federalism as the foundation of American government and governance. However, as the development of public policy related to homeland security evolved, one became aware that federalism meant (and means) different things to different agencies, branches, and levels of government. As the nation has not faced this large a governance challenge since the end of the last world war, ensuring a balanced perspective of federalism is in place as homeland security policy evolves is a necessary condition for ensuring the safety of the nation and its citizens. Observation of intergovernmental relations and the associated actions of different levels of government in this policy arena indicate three dominant theories of federalism exist and are in conflict. Those theories are Cooperative Federalism, Coercive Federalism and Competitive Federalism. What is suggested by the literature and the qualitative analysis of associated intergovernmental relations is that a more normative theory of federalism is appropriate - a theory that incorporates the constructive attributes of each theory, while mitigating the negative manifestations of each; a theory whose fundamental attribute is collaboration."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Clovis, Samuel H., Jr.
2006-10
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Strategies for Managing Volunteers during Incident Response: A Systems Approach
"During disasters, large numbers of people with no pre-planned role arrive at the scene and other areas of response activity to offer assistance. Spontaneous volunteers can be a significant resource, but are often ineffectively used and can actually hinder emergency activities by creating health, safety, and security issues, distracting responders from their duties, and interfering with ongoing operations. The challenge for incident managers is to capitalize on the available volunteer resources while ensuring safety and the responders' ability to effectively perform tasks within the established incident management system. This article presents a systems-based approach to planning for spontaneous volunteer management in disasters."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Fernandez, Lauren S.
2006-10
