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Reflecting Pool Podcast: Anti-Intellectualism and the Search for Truth [audio]
"We live in a world where information is abundant. But in our search for truth we must be careful. Without carefully curating the quality and rigor of information we receive, its likely that we're only consuming information that appeals to our preconceived worldview, our social identity, or our subconscious biases."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Favre, Greggory J.
2018-07-24
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U.S. Security Clearances: Reducing the Security Clearance Backlog While Preserving Information Security
From the Thesis Abstract: "From 2014-2018, the U.S. federal government security clearance backlog increased from 190,000 investigations to 710,000 investigations, according to a 2018 Government Accountability Office report. The backlog of security clearance investigations has resulted in investigation timelines that range between 134 and 395 days. The organization that handles 90 percent of the caseload for background investigations, the National Background Investigations Bureau (NBIB), has the capability to provide approximately 160,000-180,000 investigations annually. With current staffing structure, the NBIB can handle approximately 25 percent of the security clearance caseload. Changes in policy could be considered to address this critical issue; however, drastic change may be required to adequately address this issue. This thesis recommends a transformational organizational change to the National Background Investigations Bureau to address the backlog of security clearance investigations. A policy change that limits the annual amount of security clearance investigations to the throughput of the NBIB would reduce the backlog of security clearance investigations, increase the quality of investigations, and increase the integrity of national security information without adding to the costs of security clearances."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Berger, Benjamin F.
2019-03
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Framework for National Guard Employment in the Homeland
From the Thesis Abstract: "This thesis explores the doctrinal divide among homeland defense (HD), homeland security (HS), and defense support to civil authorities (DSCA) and questions whether these doctrinal spaces are adequately instructive to National Guard domestic action. The thesis explores the Department of Defense's (DoD) important contributions to HD and DSCA and the Guard's historical and contemporary roles in HD and HS. This work proposes that the DoD's reticence to describe its actions as HS creates a doctrinal void for the Guard. This thesis advances DSCA as theoretically and practically useful for the DoD but concurrently contravenes core principles of domestic response, which is practically inadequate for domestic Guard action. By exploring military action in large-scale, complex disasters and national special security events, this thesis provides insight into the legal, policy, and fiscal challenges and solutions for clearer domestic doctrine. The thesis explores whether the Guard can be better employed in disasters by adjudicating matters of defense over security and engaging in a federalism conversation aimed at discriminating between disasters that are 'national matters' and those that are 'state matters.'"
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Jara, Paul E.
2019-03
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Autonomous Police Vehicles: The Impact on Law Enforcement
From the Thesis Abstract: "The rapid deployment of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology will undoubtedly have a significant impact on public safety services, including law enforcement agencies. Law enforcement can embrace AV technology, with the advent of autonomous police vehicles (APVs). The APV is designed with standard AV technology but is also packaged with complementary technologies, including an integrated unmanned aircraft system (UAS), facial recognition, thermal imaging, automated license plate readers, and gunshot detection systems. The anticipated benefits and unintended consequences of emerging technologies, such as the APV, are not always assessed by law enforcement. Thus, the goal of this thesis was to determine the likely impacts on law enforcement of the deployment of the APV. This thesis examined emerging AV technologies and complementary technologies, and analyzed plausible future scenarios to lend insight to public safety executives on the changing roles, mission, and tasks law enforcement officers may encounter. This thesis determined that the APV benefits to law enforcement, such as improving officer efficiency and officer safety likely outweigh the trepidations. This thesis recommends that law enforcement agencies should find a void to fill when the APV becomes realized. This void may only present itself once the APV is in service and fully functional; thus, law enforcement agencies should be mindful of this possible void in order to pivot for sustained future success."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Gregg, Andrew
2019-03
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Crisis Communication for Law Enforcement: Crafting a Successful Strategy Using Social Media
From the Thesis Abstract: "Law enforcement has begun to embrace social media as a communication tool; but, in most cases, agencies have not created strategies around using social media for crisis communication. This thesis focused on identifying smart practices in crisis communication to determine what a social media crisis communication strategy for law enforcement should look like. The use of force by law enforcement often results in a negative community reaction; this research focused on communication on social media after use of force incidents. An analysis of crisis communication theory and research was conducted. The analysis included situational crisis communication theory, attribution theory, image repair theory, social information processing theory, and social presence theory. An examination was conducted of successful crisis communication strategies used in the private sector, which revealed seven common elements. The commonalities led to the conclusion that law enforcement should establish protocols and create strategies with these elements: conduct regular scenario-based crisis communication training, leverage the young social-media savvy generation that grew up with technology, commonly called 'digital natives,' for social media communications, actively monitor social media, with attention not only to content but also to tone and lexicon, ensure timely communication with the public after use of force incidents, and place priority in messaging on qualities, such as honesty and compassion."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Coonce, Angela G.
2019-03
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Does Theory Matter? Applying Organizational Theory to Develop Effective Local Government Emergency Management Programs
From the Thesis Abstract: "Emergency management has developed into a profession with demands and expertise separate from other professional disciplines in government service. Coordination issues before, during, and after a disaster have continually been a challenge for emergency management. Although the organizational placement of local government emergency management agencies varies extensively across the United States, public administration organizational theory provides a foundation for considerations that inform the design of these bureaucratic structures. Structure influences essential emergency management functions such as interagency coordination, resource allocation, program prioritization, decision making, information flow, and collaboration. Organizational design also significantly affects program characteristics, including culture development, professional identity, and employee engagement--all of which have direct relationships with program effectiveness. This thesis supports the notion that jurisdictions need to carefully consider the organizational placement of their emergency management programs to support effective service delivery. Jurisdictions should ensure that programs are structured in a way that promotes program empowerment, limits hierarchical layers, promotes executive sponsorship, enhances collaboration, and develops an emergency management culture."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Sirney, Jason M.
2019-03
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Fully Autonomous Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices--Mitigating Strategies
From the Thesis Abstract: "The technology integrated into fully autonomous vehicles will soon be a significant homeland security threat. Companies ranging from major corporations to small startups are investing billions of dollars developing this technology. It is currently predicted that fully autonomous vehicles will be available to the general public within a matter of years. As fully autonomous vehicles become broadly available both to the general public and private entities, significant impacts will likely result to our safety, both as individuals and as a community. This thesis overviews the projected threat posed by the nefarious use of fully autonomous vehicles as fully autonomous vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices. It is shown how easily autonomous vehicles can be used for explosive delivery and discusses technological solutions that should be implemented, proactively, to reduce this threat. A pressing need exists for secure communications, user authentication, law enforcement override, and payload interrogation that must be implemented at the outset of the system design process. Absent a security-based systems design approach, this nation will be reacting to, rather than preventing, the use of autonomous vehicles as explosive delivery systems. The overarching purpose of this thesis is also to capture what can be accomplished with public-private partnerships working collaboratively to address strategic issues involving public safety in the United States."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Knopf, Kevin S.
2019-03
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Smart Strategies for Effectively Managing Entertainment Districts
From the Thesis Abtract: "Entertainment districts are--and will continue to be--a significant homeland security concern due to the large numbers of people who gather at these locations. Both the June 12, 2016, mass shooting at the Pulse Nightclub in Orlando, Florida, and the October 2, 2017, mass shooting at the Route 91 Harvest Country Music Festival in Las Vegas, Nevada, are tragic and recent examples of the devastation that continues to occur surrounding large gatherings of people. Entertainment districts share many similarities with traditional special events; however, research indicates that successful management of these areas requires a much more robust and comprehensive strategy to effectively maximize safety while maintaining an enjoyable atmosphere. The concept of place management has received significant attention in research regarding managing entertainment districts. This thesis analyzes how the actions of those controlling the businesses have a direct impact on the crime and disorder within a particular location. This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the related literature and case studies from several active entertainment districts. The goal of this research is to identify and outline a collection of successful smart practices that jurisdictions should consider adopting based on the particular needs and expectations of their communities."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Penn, Charles A.
2019-03
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Reducing the Potential Consequences of Nuclear Power Using Small Modular Reactors
From the Thesis Abstract: "In order for commercial nuclear power to remain successful in the United States, several things need to occur: advancement of newer technologies and replacement of aging infrastructure with a new generation of safe reactors that are reliable, adaptable to the environment, cost-effective, and energy efficient to meet the nation's energy demands into the future. To accomplish this, the United States must be able to identify true risk rather than the perceived risk of civilian nuclear power and have solutions to manage it. Risk management includes reducing the U.S. carbon footprint, which is contributing to global warming. The nation also must find a way to close the loop on nuclear waste through reprocessing and recycling. Furthermore, by reducing their size as compared to existing commercial power plant operations, the United States can locate new plants where energy is most needed. Finally, this thesis demonstrates how the potential consequences of a nuclear plant accident can be reduced to acceptable levels through the use of small modular reactors."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Corbin, Scott
2019-03
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You Can't Always Get What You Want: Employee and Organizational Responses to Perceived Workplace Injustices and Their Relationship to Insider Attacks
From the Thesis Abstract: "Insider threats are a 'wicked' problem. This thesis investigates three questions: how do employees respond to perceived workplace injustice, what is the relationship between employee responses to perceived workplace injustices and insider attacks, and how can organizations prevent disgruntled employees from committing attacks? These questions were answered using a thorough literature review and case studies. Employees respond in one, or a combination, of four ways: exit, loyalty, voice, and counterproductive work behaviors, as illustrated by the researcher's grievance response model. The researcher was unable to identify specific employee responses that led to attacks due to a lack of data and multiple, contradictory, and missing narratives. Organizations may be able to prevent employees from committing attacks by applying the grievance response model, ensuring grievance procedures are consistent and transparent, and offering alternative dispute resolution programs."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Reed, Tracey
2019-03
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Reflecting Pool Podcast: Information Laundering [audio]
From the Webpage: "How is it that fringe stories and counterfeit narratives get traction, enter mainstream media, and are accepted as fact? Intelligence expert Samantha Korta (Masters 1605/1606 aka 1611) studied information laundering to discover how propagandists take advantage of the interconnectedness of the Internet as well as online technologies such as computational propaganda, echo chambers, and advertising to cheat the internet ecosystem and rapidly spread influential but illegitimate content to undermine the credibility and authority of legitimate sources. These intentional and harmful falsehoods spread in the virtual world can influence public discourse and manifest physically inciting violence, creating division, eroding trust, facilitating foreign influence during democratic elections, and even contributing to the rise in deadly but preventable diseases." This audio has a running time of 20 minutes and 20 seconds.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Karimi, Bijan P.
2019-05-07
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Homeland Security Affairs: Volume XIV
From the website description: "The December 2018 Issue of Homeland Security Affairs features a research article proposing a system for detecting terrorist-deployed nuclear weapons in American cities, an essay reviewing the literature on the causes of suicide terrorism, and an essay exploring the creation of performance metrics for deterring threats to critical infrastructure."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2018-12
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Future High: American Drug Policy in 2030
This is the Center for Homeland Defense and Security at the Naval Postgraduate School podcast. In this edition, "Jessica Bress finds current US Drug Policy a total failure and wholly unprepared for the burgeoning phenomena related to the convergence of drugs and technology. Using the process of future-casting, she explores how the confluence of globalization, hyper-connection, exponential growth and urbanization might converge to create chemical and wearable enhancements, further complicating the regulatory environment." The author is an alum of the CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] Master's Degree Program. Her thesis "New High: A Future-Oriented Study of American Drug Policy" can be found here: https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=808158.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Bress, Jessica Marie
2018-11-02
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Spring 2015]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] Students Craft Drone Policy'; 'Karimi Employs CHDS Master's Curriculum in His Agency's Training'; 'APEX [Alumni Professional Education Exchange] 2015'; 'Profile: Dr. Carol Cunningham'; 'DHS Delivers Improved Critical Infrastructure Protection IT [Information Technology]'; 'Presentation by Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence O'Sullivan Highlights FCLP [Fusion Center Leaders Program] 11'; 'Twing Assumes Managing Editor Duties at Homeland Security Affairs'; 'Turner Helps International Team Bring EOC [Emergency Management Concepts] to Burma'; 'MacLean is New Chief of U.S. Park Police'; 'Music and Tech Giants Agree: Failure is Critical to Success'; 'CHDS Debut at San Francisco St. Patrick's Day Parade'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2015
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Fall 2015]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'Wildfire Nation'; 'CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] Alumni Contribute to Multiplier Effect in Homeland Security Education'; 'CHDS Selfstudy Course Harnesses Potential of Center, Naval Research Laboratory Collaboration'; 'Reality-based Scenario Training for Interaction with Sovereign Citizens'; 'Liquorie Shares Expertise at Marine Corps University'; 'Rockabrand Navigates Complexities of Refugio Oil Spill'; 'Public Health Learns from Assessment and Analysis'; 'UAPI [Universal Application Programming Interface] Conference Examines Changing Threat Landscape'; 'Inaugural Mark Carr Award Unveiled'; 'Instructor Focus: Lauren Fernandez'; 'CHDS Founder Leaves Lasting Legacy'; 'Newest Graduates Welcomed to Alumni Ranks'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2015
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Fall 2013]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'Napolitano Visits CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security]'; 'Ted Lewis Retires'; 'Muhr's Graduation Represents a First for Tribal Nations'; 'CHDS Fellows Woodcock and Welch in Washington, D.C.'; 'Fusion Centers Recommended as 'Hub' to Fight Child Trafficking'; 'Alumna Working on FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency] Youth Volunteer Project'; 'Champion of Change Award Honors Gerlich'; 'Squires Named Utah's Public Safety Commissioner'; 'Eby Participates in Public Health Fellowship'; 'Cooper Speaks at United Nations'; 'Establishing Emergency Services at Burning Man'; 'Faculty Feature: Erik Dahl'; 'Master's Grad Peters Joins CHDS Faculty'; 'UAPI [Universal Application Programming Interface] Summit Topic: Developing an Adaptive Homeland Security Environment'; 'Big Data is Golden for NBA [National Basketball Association] Team'; 'Brody Helps Launch HSIN [Homeland Security Information Network] R3 [Release 3]'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2013
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Summer 2017]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'APEX [Alumni Professional Exchange] 2017 discusses emerging issues, education'; 'Education program for rising professionals emerges'; 'Master's grad to lead FEMA exercise division'; 'Alum's education pivotal in new homeland security post'; 'CORE [Common Operation Research Environment] social analytics a vital tool for homeland security'; 'CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] grad leads hate crimes unit in the Big Apple'; ''Addressing Untreated Severe Mental Illness' Workshop Seeks Solutions'; 'Academics, security review are hot topics at education summit'; 'NPS-CHDS [Naval Postgraduate School] master's degree student drives change in ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] interrogation training'; 'New HSx [Homeland Security ] Course Looks at Homeland Security'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2017
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Spring 2018]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'Regional Alumni Chapters'; 'Alumni convene for APEX [ Alumni Professional Exchange] 2018'; 'Master's graduate applying education as part of police, fire grief program'; 'Master's alumna's thesis finds life in ballpark security'; 'Renaud returns to Southern California as Santa Monica Police Chief'; 'Master's alum hopes FDNY [Fire Department New York] colleague's note inspires others'; 'FEMA and partners launch PrepTalks series'; 'D.C. Police examine law enforcement history with African American community'; 'NPS-CHDS [Naval Postgraduate School-Center for Homeland Defense and Security] alums part of historic public safety broadband project'; 'Ponenti and fellow NJ grads assist with deployment to Puerto Rico'; 'Bellavita honored; moderates panel for New York City alumni chapter on homeland security'; 'Staff Feature Focus on Bringing Content to Life: all in a day's work for CHDS Media Team'; 'Class Notes'; 'Alumni Photo Album'; 'Kudos and Connections'; 'Educational Resources'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2018
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Summer 2016]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'Super Bowl Security-A Collective Effort'; 'APEX 2016 Strengthens Center's National Alumni Cadre'; 'Aviation Presents Lessons for Emergency Response'; 'Shifting Media Landscape Challenge, Opportunity for Homeland Security'; 'Muhr Using Education to Advance Interoperability'; 'Flint Water Story'; 'Class Notes'; 'CHDS Research Basis for Personnel Rescue Project at Nellis'; 'Halladay Elicits the Inner Teacher in Us All'; 'Paris Attacks Spark Interest in CHDS Thesis'; 'Cable Instrumental in Center's Founding'; 'CHDS Photo Album'; 'Kudos and Connections'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2016
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Watermark: The Alumni Magazine of the Center for Homeland Defense and Security [Spring 2010]
This edition of Watermark contains the following articles: 'The Pioneers'; '2010 Alumni Conference'; 'Regional Alumni Meeting Promotes Partnerships'; 'CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] Fellows Take Experience to FEMA'; 'Center Graduate Expands Vision'.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2010
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Learning from H.I.M. (Harvey, Irma, Maria): Preliminary Impressions for Supply Chain Resilience
"The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season challenged critical infrastructure and key resources across a wide area. Harvey, Irma, and Maria each exposed different aspects of how density, dependencies, and distance impact expression of risk. Each event was dramatically different in terms of context, inputs, and outputs. But taken together this real-world stress-test of engineered systems, supply chains, and related networks offered helpful strategic insights. Survivor-facing lifelines are complex adaptive systems that tend to resist command-and-control, but are often predisposed to resilience, and can be influenced by effectively targeted choices. The author outlines several key factors that decision-makers should monitor to inform their choices."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Palin, Philip J.
2018-09
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Operator Driven Policy: Deriving Action from Data Using the Quadrant Enabled Delphi (QED) Method
"To close the gap in operator-driven policy for the homeland security enterprise, we argue for a bottom-up policy process that acknowledges operator knowledge and opinions. We propose a practical approach to enable policy-makers to incorporate operator knowledge and experience, or operator driven policy (ODP), into policy through the Quadrant Enabled Delphi (QED) approach. We set out the theoretical requirements for QED, based on cognitive science. Using the EARTh-X QED workshop as a case-study, we demonstrate the application of QED focused on emerging Arctic security threats, and highlight key lessons for applying QED. Finally, we recommend an appropriate operator-driven policy-making process that incorporates the QED approach as a bottom-up policy process."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Alessa, Lilian; Moon, Sean; Griffith, David . . .
2018-09
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Book Review: Illusions of Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism by Richard English
This is a book review of "Illusions of Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism" by Richard English. From the opening paragraph: "Terrorism, counter-terrorism, and their intersection have produced painful experiences for peoples and communities in many societies. The convergence of terrorist attempts to harm states and states' attempts to prevent their efforts raises important questions about the influence they have on each other. This relationship forms the core focus of Illusions of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism, proceedings of the British Academy edited by renowned terrorism scholar, Professor Richard English. The nine chapters in this volume are unified by the deceptively simple question: how does one shape the other? If scholars were to take stock of what we have learned about this intimate relationship, they would find that very little actually is known about the interaction between powerful states and individuals, groups, and loose networks of violent extremists devoted to violent acts of aggression."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Romaniuk, Scott Nicholas
2018-04
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Book Review: Preventing and Countering Extremism and Terrorist Recruitment: A Best Practice Guide by Hanif Qadir
This is a book review of "Preventing and Countering Extremism and Terrorist Recruitment: A Best Practice Guide" by Hanif Qadir. From the opening paragraph: "A parent logs into a child's computer and a chat room window pops up on the screen. The parent starts scrolling through the chat history and realizes that the child was speaking to an ISIS recruiter. In this hypothetical situation, the child has not conducted any crime, yet the parent is worried. What should the parent do? Call the police? Is there anyone else that can help the parent with this situation? Scenarios like this one are why communities and governments across the globe are developing intervention programs to assist vulnerable individuals. Interventions operate primarily within the non-criminal space, meaning that the programs serve individuals who need help, but have not committed any crime. Interventions provide these people with an off-ramp to radicalization by offering individualized plans to increase the subject's resilience against violent extremism."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Ambrozik, Caitlin
2018-01
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Mass Migration and the Media: Convergence and Divergence of Global Media Narratives Towards a Working Model
"The size and scope of the Syrian refugee crisis has made it a salient humanitarian crisis for the international community that has given rise to fears among European and U.S. populations and leaders, altered the demographic landscape of the Middle East and Europe, and exposed a generation of youth to lives as exiles. Our quantitative, inductive content analysis analyzed news media coverage of refugees from Arabic, Russian, and American media news sources in an attempt to understand how the crisis has been packaged and presented to citizens across the globe in order to give insight to the motives and potential actions to be taken by the global community concerning the crisis. The study was conducted using the M3S media monitoring system at Texas A&M University. The M3S technology allows researchers to evaluate foreign language news broadcast and media websites in the original context with validated English language translations. The authors evaluated Al Jazeera (Arabic), Rossiya 24 (Russian), and The New York Times (U.S) as sources for analysis. The research was conducted within the timeframe of August 5 to 21, 2016, as that time spanned the 2016 Olympics in Rio, Brazil, in which the creation of the Olympic Refugee team caused a spike in media discussion of the refugee crisis. A total of 193 articles were coded across the three news sources using the keyword 'Refugee.' Researchers developed a coding scheme of ten categories designed to give insight into presentation of refugees in media. The coded data was then evaluated for statistical significance between the news sources."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Damm, Emily; Jones, Amy; Cooley, Skye C. . . .
2017-10
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Climate Security: A Pre-Mortem Approach to a Sustainable Global Future
From the Abstract: "Climate change is a viable threat to U.S. homeland security and is likely the most significant risk facing humanity. A consensus of the scientific community concludes that climate change is occurring, is relatively irreversible, and that aggressive mitigation of climate-change drivers is necessary. Climate-change impacts include surface-air temperature rise; sea level rise; potable water scarcity; drought; heat waves; fires; changes in precipitation patterns; disastrous changes in natural land cover and ocean chemistry; and an increase of the frequency and intensity of extreme-weather events. We argue that the nation is ill-prepared for risks presented by climate change and that we have a duty to prepare for and securitize climate change a priori rather than a posteriori, as is typically the case for focusing events such as the nation's reactive response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Acting to prevent and mitigate future global warming now will result in lower societal costs and other benefits such as improvements in quality of life in the near term while providing for the prosperity of future generations and the preservation of America's legacy as a leader among nations in the long term. To achieve climate security, we must identify, acquire, and sustain the capabilities required across the whole-of-community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from climate change risks."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Comiskey, John G.; Larrañaga, Michael D.
2019-12
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Enhancing the Organization of the United States Department of Homeland Security to Account for National Risk
From the Abstract: "'The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) must enhance its organization to more fully account for, align resources against, and act on the prioritized risks of the homeland security enterprise. This will require: (1) enhanced regionalization of DHS, achieved through the networking of stakeholders within and between DHS operational regions; (2) creation of trans-regional, multi-functional, priority-risk-based authorities for the Secretary of DHS; and (3) establishment of statutorily defined, joint operational authorities for the Department. To substantiate this argument, this article: first, reviews a set of factors which define why DHS faces this problem, and how there are growing, serious demands to solve this problem; second, presents a case-study of the United Kingdom's method for establishing national risk priorities; third, identifies the characteristics of an enhanced organizational model for DHS; and, fourth, delivers a set of recommendations for the enhancement of the Department's organization to account for national risk.'"
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Brody, Michael H.
2020-04
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Border Management in Europe: is the Paradigm Evolving?
From the Abstract: "'This article focuses on the European Union's approach to border management. The concept of border management includes not only: 1) the physical control over borders and the flow of goods and persons through ports of entry; but also 2) the management of immigration, migrant flows, and asylum request;, as well as 3) the combatting [sic] of cross-border threats. This article will explore existing European policies and structures as well as recent policy changes in select areas of border management in order to understand some of the fundamental aspects of Europe's evolving approach to managing and safeguarding its internal and external borders. It argues that fears of migration and cross-border security threats have led to a shift in the EU paradigm for managing its internal and external borders, particularly with respect to border controls and managing the asylum process.'"
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Morag, Nadav, 1965-
2020-04
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Book Review: 'Inside the Enemy's Computer: Identifying Cyber-Attackers' by Clement Guitton
From the Document: "Expanding cyber-domain conflicts challenge modern strategists to create definitive attribution standards for who did what to whom, especially in developing national policy. Attribution's importance was illustrated during Russia's 2017 notPetya ransomware attack against the Ukraine, where Mondelez International's European retail services suffered over $100M in collateral information technology damages. Subsequently, Mondelez filed an insurance claim with their policy holder, Zurich International. However, U.S. and NATO public declarations attributed the NotPetya attack to the Russian state rather than the proxy group who launched the attack. Allowing Zurich to declare state sponsorship created a non-payable policy exclusion, leaving the issue yet to be legally settled. Attribution's rising importance across the global cyber commons makes Clement Guitton's comprehensive analysis in 'Inside the Enemy's Computer: Identifying Cyber-Attackers' vital to all readers and expertise areas. Beginning with an analysis of attribution constraints, the book moves rapidly to explore processes rather than individual, event-based problems. Guitton's attribution framework emphasizes differing criminal and national security approaches such as detailing, expert judgement, evidentiary standards, corporate privatization, timeliness, and plausible deniability."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Peters, Mark T., II
2020-04
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Better Safe Than Sorry [audio]
This podcast is part of the Reflecting Pool series and is 18 minutes and 52 seconds long. From the Webpage: "Why does the click-through rate on threatening headlines far exceed those that are more benign? Calling something a threat through provocative headline or soundbite, initiates a biological reaction that almost compels a person to find out more, but why is that? Multnomah County, OR Chief Operating Officer Marissa Madrigal (Masters 1605/1606 aka 1611) explores how the process of securitization (declaring something is an external threat) initiates a neurobiological process that often causes people to adopt a 'better safe than sorry' posture when deciding what actions to take in response to the perceived threat. Her research found evidence that this behavior is having an impact on homeland security-related decisions by creating a bias toward compulsive precautionary behavior rather than clear-minded cognitive reassessment and that our predictable behavior can be used against us."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Karimi, Bijan P.
2020-02-04
