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Chemical Safety: Emergency Response Community Views on the Adequacy of Federally Required Chemical Information, Report to Congressional Committees
The United States has become increasingly aware of the need to be prepared for emergencies, including those involving hazardous chemicals. The local emergency responders and representatives from national organizations that GAO contacted have varied views on the adequacy of (1) information in chemical inventory forms and risk management plans and (2) the manner in which that information is delivered. Most members of the emergency response community believe that the manner of delivery of federally required information could be improved. Environmental Protection Agency officials cited their efforts to ensure compliance with provisions of the Clean Air Act's risk management program. However, their sense of the extent of compliance varies across three specific provisions; that is, the extent to which (1) facilities have registered risk management plans, (2) the plans contain accurate information, and (3) local responders are receiving the plans.
United States. General Accounting Office
2002-07-31
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Homeland Security: New Department Could Improve Coordination but Transferring Control of Certain Public Health Programs Raises Concerns, Statement for the Record by Janet Heinrich Director, Health Care--Public Health Issues, Testimony before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate
Federal, state, and local governments share responsibility for terrorist attacks. However, local government, including police and fire departments, emergency medical personnel, and public health agencies, is typically the first responder to an incident. The federal government historically has provided leadership, training, and funding assistance. In the aftermath of September 11, for instance, one-quarter of the $40 billion Emergency Response Fund was earmarked for homeland security, including enhancing state and local government preparedness. Because the national security threat is diffuse and the challenge is highly intergovernmental, national policymakers must formulate strategies with a firm understanding of the interests, capacity, and challenges facing those governments. The development of a national strategy will improve national preparedness and enhance partnerships between federal, state, and local governments. The creation of the Office of Homeland Security is an important and potentially significant first step. The Office of Homeland Security's strategic plan should (1) define and clarify the appropriate roles and responsibilities of federal, state, and local entities; (2) establish goals and performance measures to guide the nation's preparedness efforts; and (3) carefully choose the most appropriate tools of government to implement the national strategy and achieve national goals. The President's proposed Homeland Security Act of 2002 would bring many federal agencies with homeland security responsibilities--including public health preparedness and response--into one department to mobilize and focus assets and resources at all levels of government. GAO believes that the proposed reorganization has the potential to repair fragmentation in the coordination of public health preparedness and response programs at the federal, state, and local levels. The proposal would institutionalize the responsibility for homeland security in federal statute. In addition to improving overall coordination, the transfer of programs from multiple agencies to the new department could reduce overlap among programs and facilitate response in times of disaster. There are concerns about the proposed transfer of control of public health assistance programs that have both public health and homeland security functions from Health and Human Services to the new department. Transferring control of these programs, including priority setting, to the new department has the potential to disrupt some programs that are critical to basic public health responsibilities. GAO does not believe that the President's proposal is sufficiently clear on how both the homeland security and public health objectives would be accomplished.
United States. General Accounting Office
2002-07-16
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DoD Directive 4640.6: Communications Security Telephone Monitoring and Recording
This Directives establishes policy and procedures for the communications security monitoring and recording of telephone communications.
United States. Department of Defense
1981-06-26
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DoD Directive 1404.10: Emergency-Essential (E-E) DoD U.S. Citizen Civilian Employees
This Directive reissues reference DoD Directive 1404.10, "Retention of Emergency-Essential (E-E) DoD Civilian Employee Overseas, " April 6, 1990. Updates policy to ensure the continued performance of employees in civilian positions that: (a.) Have been designated as "E-E" before crisis situations. (b.) Have not been designated previously as "E-E" but for which continued performance is deemed essential to support combat-essential systems.
United States. Department of Defense
1992-04-10
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DoD Directive 4715.1: Environmental Security
This Directive establishes policy for environmental security within the Department of Defense. The Defense Environmental Security Council and the Committee structure; the Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health Policy Board.
United States. Department of Defense
1996-02-24
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DoD Directive 4640.5: Defense Metropolitan Area Telephone Systems
This Directive defines the policy, responsibilities, and organizational relationships for the management of the three existing Defense Metropolitan Area Telephone Systems (DMATS) located at Boston, MA; St. Louis, MO; and Dayton, OH. This Directives serves as the charter for those three DMATS.
United States. Department of Defense
1985-04-05
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DoD Directive 4270.36: DoD Emergency, Contingency, and Other Unprogrammed Constructions Projects
This Directive updates policy and responsibilities for DoD emergency contingency, and other unprogrammed construction projects, implements Sections 2803, emergency construction; 2804, contingency construction; 2805, unspecified minor construction; 2808, construction authority during a declaration of war or national emergency; and 2854, restoration or replacement of damaged or destroyed facilities, or Chapter 169 of Title 10, United States Code.
United States. Department of Defense
1997-05-17
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Modern U.S. Civil - Military Relations: Wielding the Terrible Swift Sword
A December 1995 article in the Washington Times examined the "huge say" U.S. military leaders had had in crafting the provisions of the Dayton agreement. It quoted several anonymous administration officials as believing that the agreement "was carefully crafted to reflect demands from the military . . . . Rather than be ignored.., the military, as a price for its support, has basically gotten anything it wanted." The article also speculated that the administration had listened so intently to its military leaders for reasons that were "part political cover, part lessons learned from the Somalia debacle and Haiti, part reflection of the mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina." This essay will argue that the demands placed by military officers on the provisions of the Dayton agreement reflect a steady increase in the influence of military officers in crafting defense policy, rather than the recognition of any lessons learned in Somalia or Haiti. Furthermore, this increased authority of the military--and the resultant deterioration in civil-military relations--is largely the result of the lessons drawn by the military from the American experience in Vietnam.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Johnson, David E.
1997-07
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Proliferation: Threat and Response [2001]
The publication serves as a multi-faceted tool for decision-making by providing background on the threat and U.S. progress toward countering that threat. The first section of this report details the proliferation of NBC weapons and their delivery systems and the threat they pose to U.S. and allied forces and U.S. interest abroad. The second section of the report describes the DoD coordinated, comprehensive strategy to combat the international threats posed by the proliferation and possible use of NBC weapons and their delivery systems.
United States. Department of Defense
2001-01
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Safeguarding American Plant Resources
A global marketplace is the future, and that future has arrived. In this marketplace, international travel and trade have not only made borders irrelevant, but also dramatically increased the risk of invasive plant pest introductions. The challenge to the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (APHIS-PPQ) is defining its role in this environment, today and far into the future. To this end, APHIS-PPQ policies and procedures must be transformed to meet the demands of a world economy shaped by technological change, international economic integration, strategic alliances and partnerships, and domestic market maturation.
United States. Department of Agriculture
1999-07-01
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DoD Management of Bulk Petroleum Products, Natural Gas, and Coal
This manual is issued under the authority of DoD Directive 4140.25, "DoD Bulk Petroleum Management Policy," January 1993 and DoD 4140.1-R, "DoD Materiel Management Regulation," January 1993. It provides policy guidance, supply procedures, and assigns functional responsibilities for the DoD Integrated Materiel Management (IMM) of bulk petroleum products. It also implements the Military Standard Petroleum System (MILSPETS) and Defense Fuel Automated Management System (DFAMS) which are designed to document inventory data and supply transactions and record such data in a central data bank (via electronic-network) for inventory and financial accountability of bulk petroleum stocks.
United States. Defense Energy Support Center
1994-06-22
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Origins of the American Military Coup of 2012
This article discusses the origins of a fictionalized essay which tells the story, looking back from 20 years in the future, of how trends led to a military coup in the United States in the year 2012. The author proposes advice within his fictional scenario that could have prevented the situation from occurring: "Clearly, the curious tapestry of military authoritarianism and combat ineffectiveness that we see today was not yet woven in 1992. But the threads were there. Knowing what I know now, here's the advice I would have given the War College Class of 1992 had I been their graduation speaker: Demand that the armed forces focus exclusively on indisputably military duties; acknowledge that national security does have economic, social, educational, and environmental dimensions, but insist that this doesn't necessarily mean the problems in those areas are the responsibility of the military to correct; readily cede the budgetary resources to those agencies whose business it is to address the non-military issues the armed forces are presently asked to fix; divest the defense budget of perception-skewing expenses; continue to press for the elimination of superfluous, resource-draining Guard and Reserve unites; educate the public to the sophisticated training requirements occasioned by the complexities of modern warfare; resist unification of the services not only on operational grounds, but also because unification would be inimical to the checks and balances that underpin democratic government; assure that officer accessions from the service academies correspond with overall force reductions (but maintain separate service academies) and keep ROTC on a wide diversity of campuses; orient recruiting resources and campaigns toward ensuring that all echelons of society are represented in the military, without compromising standards. Accept that this kind of recruiting may increase costs. It's worth it; [and] work to moderate the base-as-an-island syndrome by providing improved incentives for military members and families to assimilate into civilian communities."
Army War College (U.S.)
Dunlap, Charles J., 1950-
1992
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Counter-Terrorism: National Priorities and the Federal Plan of Action (1999 Region III Chemical Emergency Preparedness & Prevention Conference)
The following is an overview of this presentation on counter-terrorism: CT Timeline; National CT Program including Domestic Preparedness
Program, and DOJ/FBI, FEMA, HHS, DoD, DoE, and EPA; CT Grant Programs; and a conclusion. The conclusion states that the potential for a large NBC terrorist incident is becoming more real; NBC incidents are also hazmat incidents and require very similar hazmat response; EPA brings the existing system for hazmat response, and coordination experience with state and local responders, to the federal response terrorism event; and many incidents may not require activation of the full system and responders must be prepared for these
situations.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Stroech, Ken
1999-09-22
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Origin of U.S.Counterproliferation Policy
The origin of U.S. counterproliferation policy stems largely from our experience in the Gulf War. The potential threat posed by the Iraqi possession of nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) weapons and their delivery means (NBC/M), often referred to as weapons of mass destruction (WMD), demonstrated that NBC proliferation had profound implications for U.S. defense
planning. Indeed, many argue that the demonstration of U.S. conventional military prowess during the Gulf War has increased the possibility of WMD use against U.S. forces. Because of current U.S. conventional military dominance, potential adversaries
are likely to challenge the United States by employing unconventional means, including the use of WMD. In his discussion of the dangers of WMD to the United States in a recent Foreign Affairs article, Richard Betts writes, "In the strategic terms most relevant to American security, they have become primitive. Once the cutting edge of the strong, they have become the only hope for so-called rogue states or terrorists who want to contest American power. Why? Because the United States has developed overwhelming superiority in conventional military force -something it never thought it had against the Soviet Union." Indeed, the overwhelming superiority of U.S. conventional military power, combined with the proliferation of WMD around the world, may cause future U.S. or U.S.-led coalition military campaigns to be fought on an "asymmetric battlefield" because a potential enemy might view it as necessary to employ WMD to gain strategic, operational, or tactical advantage over U.S. forces. Such an asymmetric advantage exists because of the constraints on U.S. retaliatory capability to such threats which
may increase the likelihood of their use against U.S. forces. Therefore while the United States' primary goal is to stop or reverse the proliferation of such weapons (nonproliferation), the primary goal of DoD counterproliferation policy is to address this asymmetric threat to U.S. and allied forces, territories, and interests should deterrence fail.
United States. Department of Defense
2001
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Your Family Disaster Plan
Families can-and do-cope with disaster by preparing in
advance and working together as a team. Follow the steps listed in this brochure to create your family's disaster plan. Knowing what to do is your best protection and your responsibility. Outlined are four steps to safety. 1) Find out what could happen to you; 2) Create a disaster plan; 3) Complete the checklist in this brochure; 4) Practice and maintain your plan.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1991-09
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Emergency Preparedness Checklist
Learn how to protect yourself and cope with disaster by planning ahead. This checklist will help you get started. Discuss these ideas with your family, then prepare an emergency plan. Post the plan where everyone will see it--on the refrigerator or bulletin board. For additional information about how to prepare for hazards in your community, contact your local emergency management or civil defense office and American Red Cross chapter. Included here are preparations for a disaster supply kit, escape plan, and a home hazard hunt. This checklist is good for natural disasters as well as hazardous materials spills.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1993-08
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EPA's Role in the Federal Response Plan: Being Prepared for Catastrophic Disaster: Factsheet
This fact sheet from 1995 gives the following information regarding the EPA's role in the Federal Response Plan: What is the Federal Response Plan; How does FRP work; FRP Resources: Emergency Support Functions; Federal Response Plan ESFs (and primary agencies); FRP links with the National Response Team; ESF #10-Hazardous materials; and EPA takes action under the FRP. Emergency contact information is also provided on this fact sheet.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1995-01
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Hazardous Materials Response Overview
This presentation from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) focuses on responding to hazardous materials incidents. Included in this presentation are: National Oil and Hazardous Substances Response System (NRS); Authorities; Organization and Components (Headquarters Level)including Regional and Area Components (initial response process), Special Teams, Headquarters, and Additional Resources.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1997-07-28
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National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Department of Health and Human Services Briefing Overview
This presentation outlines the Department of Health and Human Services and National Disaster Medical System roles in Federal Response Plan. Included are local needs, natural disasters, technological disasters, and terrorism. Charts and graphs help to show the flow of events from the time a disaster occurs.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2000
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EPA's Involvement in Counter-Terrorism
This presentation includes the OSC's role in the response to counter-terrorism, crisis management: general OSC role, crisis management structures, joint operations center, consequence management: OSC role, coordination, and how it all works. Included is a scenario depicting initial actions for crisis management once an incident has occurred.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1997-11
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EPA Chemicals in Your Community
This pamphlet: summarizes the information you can obtain under EPCRA and CAA; tells you where to find it; tells you about other information you may also find helpful; and indicates how you can use these various sources of information to build a snapshot of chemicals stored and released in your community. It also discusses how specific groups, such as fire departments, health care professionals, State and local agencies, citizens, and industry can use the information to improve the safety of our communities.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1999-12
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Executive Summary of U.S. Commission on National Security Report
Included in the report released January 31 by the United States Commission on National Security/21st Century are a proposal for a new, cabinet-level National Homeland Security Agency that would combine the Federal Emergency Management Agency with several other agencies, and a prescription for recasting a "crippled" State Department and the Department of Defense. The combination of unconventional weapons proliferation with the persistence of international terrorism will end
the relative invulnerability of the U.S. homeland to catastrophic attack. A direct attack against American citizens on American soil is likely over the next quarter century. The risk is not only death and destruction but also a demoralization that could undermine U.S. global leadership. In the face of this threat, our nation has no coherent or integrated governmental structures. We therefore recommend the creation of a new independent National Homeland Security Agency (NHSA) with
responsibility for planning, coordinating, and integrating various U.S. government activities involved in
homeland security. NHSA would be built upon the Federal Emergency Management Agency, with the three
organizations currently on the front line of border security -- the Coast Guard, the Customs Service, and the
Border Patrol -- transferred to it. NHSA would not only protect American lives, but also assume responsibility
for overseeing the protection of the nation's critical infrastructure, including information technology.
United States Commission on National Security/21st Century
2001-01-31
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Iraq's Chemical and Biological Weapons Capability
This is a news briefing with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense. An unnamed senior military official, introduced by Ken Bacon, answers questions about the chemical and biological weapons capability of Iraq. Senior civilian officials also respond to questions.
United States. Department of Defense
1997-11-14
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Making it Work: U.S. Economic Sanctions on Iraq
This research project will proceed from a brief general examination of the use of economic sanctions as an instrument of policy to an examination of the specific case of economic sanctions currently used against Iraq and the smart sanctions regime suggested recently by Secretary of State Colin Powell. My analysis will lay out basic areas of criticism and briefly look at how well current U.S. and UN sanctions policy toward Iraq fares in the face of these objections. This will set the stage for an examination of the notion of a smart sanctions regime as a potential solution to reconcile some if not all of the problems extant in the consideration of sanctions regimes as a viable and acceptable instrument of policy in use toward the attainment of U.S. political objectives in Iraq.
Army War College (U.S.)
Haight, Catherine G.
2002-04-09
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Bridging the Civil Military Gap: Capitalizing on Crisis
Researchers have identified a "civil-military gap," an observable cultural distinction between members of the American military and the civilian society from which they are recruited. This gap appears as a political gap, with an increasingly Republican identification of military elites and an experience gap with fewer of the electorate and elected government officials having military experience. When a crisis emerges, such as the September 11th attacks, the apparent outpouring of patriotism and media interest would indicate a desire by the civilian populous to draw closer to the military, creating an opportunity to close or at least narrow this gap. The media are a key player, as they serve as the most visible link between the military and the civilian society that it serves. This paper examines the nature of the civil-military gap, approaches for narrowing that gap, and how the increased interest evident during crisis can be used to implement those suggestions.
Army War College (U.S.)
Lemire, Judith K.
2002-04-09
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Homeland Security: A Primary Army Function
This paper will explore new Army requirements based on the September 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review's guidance. The paper is based on the assumptions that 1) end strength may increase but only enough to fill Army authorizations (around 530K) and 2) a draft is not politically acceptable at this time. In particular, the paper examines force structure requirements to support homeland security-related requirements in an extended war against terrorism. This paper will show that the Army should apportion forces for homeland security and give them new missions, force structure, and doctrine. However, the Army, which includes the Army National Guard and the U.S. Army Reserve, faces a conundrum because it must also retain its focus on fighting the Nation's land battles--the unique capability the Army provides the nation.
Army War College (U.S.)
Donohue, Patrick J., II
2002-04-09
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Security Assistance in an Age of Terror
This paper will focus on the important and ever increasing role Security Assistance must play in support of US national goals and objectives in this new age of terror. It will further define the components which comprise Security Assistance, discuss some of the inherent risks and benefits associated with it, compare regional Security Assistance priorities, discuss the political ramifications associated with it and offer analysis and conclusions concerning policy implementation.
Army War College (U.S.)
Willey, Jeffrey D.
2002-04-09
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Information Operations and Asymmetric Warfare...Are We Ready?
Events of Sept 11th, 2001 have made clear one inescapable fact. Because of rapid advances in technology, particularly in the information arena, global communications now enable us to hear and see first hand issues, events and concerns from around the world. These in turn raise passions and compel people to rethink their own closely held beliefs, prejudices and hatreds, and in some cases morphing into actions such as espionage, sabotage or terrorism. Information Operations and future Asymmetric Warfare will have a major impact on the U.S. Army's ability to remain a viable warfighting entity as well as our simple survivability against future adversaries. Currently, the Army's Field Manual FM 100-6 (dated August 1996) is the most up-to-date guide on Information Operations available to the rank and file field soldier and leader. While at the same time, the Army's newest doctrinal publications, FM-1 and FM 3-0, address the Army's future in terms of who we are, what we do, how we do it today, tomorrow, jointly and within the full spectrum of operations that is the asymmetric warfare environment. It is, therefore, tantamount that our policies and future Army vision ensure Information Operations as a tool against asymmetric warfare remain on the forefront of Army strategic planning.
Army War College (U.S.)
Patterson, LaWarren, V.
2002-04-09
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Political Assassination, The Strategic Precision Weapon of Choice
In the dark environment of the new millennium where asymmetric forms of warfare will be the choice of attack by rogue states and non-state entities, political assassination offers the prospect of being the ultimate precision weapon to counter the agents that would wage such a war. This paper explores the history of assassination as a tool of US foreign policy, reviews the current US policy that limits the US government's use of assassination, and argues that the policy should be discarded for a more pragmatic approach given the age in which Americans live.
Army War College (U.S.)
Irvin, Victor D.
2002-04-09
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Impact of International Organized Crime on U.S. National Security Strategy
International organized crime is a growing problem that poses a direct threat to the stability of many regions throughout the world. It challenges the viability of nascent democratic states and undermines their economic prosperity. As such, international crime organizations endanger important U.S. national interests and must be given serious consideration by those who make or implement our national security policy.
Any national security strategy that ignores the pervasive effects of this threat, or fails to recognize its transnational nature is, "fundamentally flawed and doomed to failure."
Army War College (U.S.)
Pelley, Steven R.
2001-03-15
