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Was Pandemic Fiscal Relief Effective Fiscal Stimulus? Evidence from Aid to State and Local Governments
From the Abstract: "We use an instrumental-variables estimator reliant on variation in congressional representation to analyze the effects of federal aid to state and local governments across all four major pieces of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response legislation. Through September 2021, we estimate that the federal government allocated $855,000 for each state or local government job-year preserved. Our baseline confidence interval allows us to rule out estimates of less than $433,000. Our estimates of effects on aggregate income and output are centered on zero and imply modest if any spillover effects onto the broader economy. We discuss aspects of the pandemic context, which include the surprising resilience of state and local tax revenues as well as of broader macroeconomic conditions, that may underlie the small employment and stimulative impacts we estimate in comparison with previous research."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Clemens, Jeffrey; Hoxie, Philip; Veuger, Stan
2022-06
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Wildland Urban Interface: A Look at Issues and Resolutions: A Report of Recommendations for Elected Officials, Policymakers and All Levels of Government, Tribal and Response Agencies
From the Executive Summary: "'Wildland Urban Interface: A Look at Issues and Resolutions' [was developed] to stimulate action by raising awareness of the crisis that our nation faces related to wildfire in the WUI [wildland urban interface] and lay out a unified, strategic approach to risk reduction at the national, state, regional and local levels. In developing this report, a cross-functional group of stakeholders and subject matter experts (SMEs) from across the nation convened to identify 33 challenges within 13 key WUI issues and develop recommendations to address each challenge. In total, 112 recommendations are presented. These recommendations address challenges in firefighter health and safety, public health and safety, evacuations, forest and rangeland health and resiliency, climate change, community planning and resiliency, infrastructure and utilities, communication strategy and engagement operations, socioeconomic impacts, recovery, emerging technology, data use and modeling, and risk management in wildland fire. The recommendations should be pursued together, forming a system of strategies that require urgent, sustained and actionable implementations. These recommendations are not quick fixes, but solutions for the long term. Leadership on and commitment to the implementation of these recommendations results in a safer America."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
Karels, Jim
2022-06
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Biden's Border Crisis: Examining Policies That Encourage Illegal Migration
From the Introduction: "The illegal migration crisis at the U.S. southern border presents a grave security threat to the United States and a humanitarian catastrophe for the vulnerable people involved. Illegal migration to the United States has reached astronomical levels since the Biden Administration entered office in January 2021. The sheer number of illegal migrants, combined with the evolving tactics that transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) employ to smuggle and traffic individuals, presents an untenable security and humanitarian situation. Weak U.S. border security and enforcement of immigration laws undermines U.S. efforts to improve the rule of law and humanitarian conditions in the region, takes a mental and physical toll on U.S. law enforcement personnel, and challenges their ability to defend our nation's borders. The prevailing conditions benefit dangerous criminals and expose vulnerable populations to unspeakable dangers and abuse. The Biden Administration's failure to secure our nation's borders is worsening this crisis. Further, it undermines efforts to address inadequate law enforcement as well as asylum processing policies and capabilities in Mexico and the northern Central American countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This report puts forward concrete ideas to: [1] Establish effective migration controls in the United States; [2] Strengthen border security and migration management capacities in the region; and [3] Target TCOs smuggling and trafficking migrants."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2022-06
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COVID-19: Pandemic Lessons Highlight Need for Public Health Situational Awareness Network, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has drawn attention to the urgent need for public health officials to access realtime information about emerging threats to enable them to make timely, responsive decisions. For over a decade, federal law has mandated that HHS [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services] improve the nation's situational awareness of these threats. The most recent mandate, enacted in 2019, included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on HHS's efforts to implement these improvements. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act also included a provision for GAO to conduct monitoring and oversight of the federal response to the pandemic. This report examines (1) the extent to which HHS has made progress toward implementing the requirements in the 2019 act; and (2) the challenges and lessons learned from COVID-19 that HHS could incorporate in planning for a situational awareness and biosurveillance network."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Interagency Council on Homelessness: Written Policies for Implementing Statutory Requirements Are Needed, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The mission of USICH [United States Interagency Council on Homelessness] is to coordinate the federal response to homelessness and partner with the private sector and state and local governments to prevent and end homelessness. Under its governing statute, the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, USICH must perform certain duties and functions, such as annually updating its national strategic plan to end homelessness, providing technical assistance to state and local governments and nonprofit organizations, and recommending improvements to programs that assist homeless individuals. House Report No. 116-452 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review USICH's policies and procedures to ensure compliance with certain statutory requirements. This report addresses policies and procedures USICH used in fiscal years 2017-2021 to perform duties and functions under its governing statute and comply with certain appropriations requirements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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COVID-19: Agencies Increased Use of Some Regulatory Flexibilities and Are Taking Steps to Assess Them, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Federal regulations can generate substantial benefits to society, but benefits can diminish if regulations are not adapted to meet emerging public needs. Federal agencies have implemented regulatory flexibilities to address the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic's substantial effect. Regulatory flexibilities are actions taken, at least in part, to temporarily reduce regulatory burdens or constraints imposed on regulated entities. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on its COVID-19 pandemic oversight efforts. GAO was also asked to look at regulatory flexibilities available to agencies in responding to COVID-19. For this report, GAO examines (1) agencies' implementation of regulatory flexibilities in response to the pandemic; (2) the plans, policies, and other tools selected agencies used to identify and design regulatory flexibilities; and (3) efforts these selected agencies took to assess the impacts of regulatory flexibilities."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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NASA: Assessments of Major Projects, Report to Congressional Committees [June 2022]
From the Highlights: "NASA plans to invest at least $80 billion in its major projects to continue exploring Earth, the moon, and the solar system. Major projects are those with costs of over $250 million. An explanatory statement included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to prepare status reports on NASA's major projects. This is GAO's 14th annual assessment. This report describes the cost and schedule performance of NASA's major projects and GAO's assessment of these projects' technology development and design stability. The report also includes individual assessments of the major projects."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Fair Lending: Opportunities Exist to Enhance OCC's Oversight of Banks' Lending Practices, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "The Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibit discrimination in access to most forms of credit transactions based on race, national origin, and other characteristics. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review OCC's [Office of the Comptroller of the Currency] oversight of fair lending laws. This report examines (1) how OCC identifies and addresses any deficient fair lending practices at supervised banks and refers potential violations to DOJ, (2) the extent to which OCC examiners followed policies and procedures in selected fair lending examinations, and (3) how changes to examination selection processes have affected oversight."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Audit of the United States Marshals Service's Management of Seized Cryptocurrency
From the Executive Summary: : "Our audit objective was to evaluate the United States Marshals Service's (USMS) management of seized cryptocurrency. This audit covers seized cryptocurrency in USMS custody from fiscal year (FY) 2017 through FY 2021. [...] We found that the USMS has implemented adequate safeguards over the storage of and access to seized cryptocurrency in its custody. However, the USMS faces challenges in managing and tracking cryptocurrency in the U.S. Department of Justice's (DOJ) official seized asset tracking system. As a result, the USMS is using supplemental spreadsheets that lack documented operating procedures and other important inventory management controls. These deficiencies risk an inaccurate accounting of cryptocurrency in USMS custody and the potential for a loss of assets. Additionally, current USMS seized cryptocurrency management policies related to asset storage, quantification, valuation, and disposal are inadequate or absent, and in some instances provide conflicting guidance. The USMS is actively seeking to outsource the management of seized cryptocurrency. However, without properly documented policies and procedures, the USMS lacks an adequate foundation for building performance requirements for a cryptocurrency services contract."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2022-06
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Cloud Security Technical Reference Architecture, Version 2.0
From the Executive Summary: "Executive Order 14028, 'Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity' marks a renewed commitment to and prioritization of federal cybersecurity modernization and strategy. To keep pace with modern technology advancements and evolving threats, the Federal Government continues to migrate to the cloud. In support of these efforts, the Secretary of Homeland Security acting through the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Administrator of General Services acting through the Federal Risk Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP), have developed the 'Cloud Security Technical Reference Architecture' to illustrate recommended approaches to cloud migration and data protection for agency data collection and reporting that leverages Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM). This technical reference architecture also informs agencies of the advantages and inherent risks of adopting cloud-based services as agencies implement to zero trust architectures."
United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency; Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program; United States Digital Service
2022-06
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Federal Personal Property: Better Internal Guidance and More Action from GSA Are Needed to Help Agencies Maximize Use of Excess, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Every year, executive agencies purchase billions of dollars of personal property while also disposing of property that is excess, or no longer needed. This excess personal property represents a significant government investment and its reuse maximizes government assets and minimizes new purchase costs. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal use of excess personal property. This report: (1) describes what is known about the extent that agencies obtained excess personal property and (2) assesses the extent to which selected agencies' internal guidance addressed elements from the FMR [Federal Management Regulation] for considering excess property and opportunities for GSA [General Services Administration] to promote the use of excess."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Guantánamo Bay: Accessing Detainee Medical Records as Part of Military Commissions' Proceedings, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Since 2002, the U.S. has operated military detention facilities at Naval Station Guantánamo Bay (NSGB) Cuba. Military commissions' proceedings were first established in 2001 to try non-U.S. citizens who aided, abetted, or conspired to commit acts of terrorism against the U.S. However, detainee defense teams have cited concerns about the completeness of detainee medical records and their timely access to them as part of military commissions' proceedings. These defense claims have been disputed by the prosecution. House Report 116-120 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to examine the policies at NSGB related to detainee medical records and their interaction with the military commissions' process. This reports describes (1) federal law and DOD's policies and regulations governing the access to detainee medical records; (2) DOD's process for making detainee medical records available; and (3) DOD's efforts to decrease the classification of detainees' medical records within the context of military commissions' proceedings. Additionally, GAO has an ongoing review assessing the policies and procedures for providing health care to detainees and challenges associated with providing care."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Lessons from the Coronavirus Pandemic: Leveraging Biotechnology to Tackle Infectious Diseases in India
From the Summary: "The goal of this paper is to provide all stakeholders and the Indian public an overview of the role that advancements in biotechnology can play in strengthening India's public health capacity. While the pandemic offered significant opportunities to the scientific community and private players in India to develop medical countermeasures, this paper only illustrates examples that discuss strategies that were adopted to accelerate the development of diagnostics and vaccines in the country. It further elucidates the challenges, both regulatory and funding, that some stakeholders faced in introducing new diagnostics and vaccines into the market during the pandemic. The paper argues that it is important for India to adopt a systematic approach to sustain the collaborative ecosystem that was cultivated during the pandemic. It further provides a brief assessment of the policies that regulate vaccines and diagnostic kits in India and the scope of enhanced and better implementation in the future. The paper also suggests strategies to maintain a continuous flow of investment to sustain research, streamline the regulatory infrastructure to minimize ambiguities regarding product approvals, and foster multistakeholder collaboration to create a sustainable research and innovation ecosystem that can be leveraged during health emergencies in the future."
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Sharma, Shruti
2022-06
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Revisiting Status Points
From the Introduction: "Criminal history plays a pivotal role in determining an offender's sentencing range under the guidelines. Courts calculate a criminal history score for each offender by assigning one, two, or three points to any qualifying prior sentences. In addition, if the offender committed the instant federal offense while still serving a sentence in another case (for example, while on probation or parole), two more points are added. These additional points, outlined in §4A1.1(d), are commonly referred to as 'status points.' In 2005, the United States Sentencing Commission examined status points as part of a broader analysis of how well the guidelines' criminal history computation predicts recidivism. This report revisits status points with greater focus and examines their application and significance. The report begins by outlining how criminal history is calculated under the guidelines and by reviewing prior Commission research on the association between criminal history and recidivism. The report then examines how many offenders received status points in the last five fiscal years and compares them to offenders who did not receive status points. Next, the report analyzes the rearrest rates for offenders with and without status points who were released from prison or began a term of probation in 2010. Finally, the report considers how much status points contribute to the criminal history score's prediction of rearrest."
United States Sentencing Commission
Kachnowski, Vera M.; Craun, Sarah; Maass, Kevin T.
2022-06
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Re-Envisioning State Cyber Response Capabilities: The Role of Volunteers in Strengthening Our Systems
From the Overview: "There is a widely recognized shortage of skilled cybersecurity talent, especially across government, and the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic have introduced new challenges to both the security and workforce landscapes. Despite an increase of 700,000 cyber personnel in the global labor market over the past year, the demand for this talent pool continues to outpace supply. To address this widening gap in the United States, state governments are finding resourceful ways to leverage and balance the incentives that motivate this community of professionals and simultaneously bolster their security posture in a heightened threat environment. Michigan, Wisconsin and Ohio are among the frontrunners in an effort to build teams of volunteers dedicated to conducting cybersecurity assessments and/or incident response activities on systems and networks within their borders. As these models mature, they are revealing the advantages of such a system for public and private sector entities, the volunteers themselves and the states' residents. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of these programs can also inform the adoption of similar solutions around the country to better confront the cyber threat."
National Governors' Association
2022-06
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Stimulus Checks: Direct Payments to Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "In 2020 and 2021, IRS and Treasury issued $931 billion in direct payments to individuals to ease financial stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some eligible Americans never received payments. We made recommendations to strengthen Treasury and IRS's outreach and communications efforts for the billions of dollars in similar tax credits IRS administers, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-06
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Communications Dependencies Case Study: Nashville 'Christmas Day' Bombing
From the Document: "In the early morning hours of December 25, 2020, residents of downtown Nashville, Tenn., began calling 911 to report the sound of gun shots. When officers arrived, they located a recreational vehicle (RV) parked in front of a commercial communications building playing a pre-recorded message for residents to evacuate the area with a countdown to an explosion. As officers began to evacuate the area, the RV exploded. The explosion caused a fire within the building, as well as flooding on the first and second floors following two water main breaks. According to a source familiar with the incident, it disrupted about 170 public safety answering points (PSAPs) in the immediate and neighboring areas, and as far as Kentucky and Alabama. Telephone, data, and internet outages were seen as far as Atlanta, Ga. [...] The response to this explosion required partnerships from local utility companies, local-level public safety agencies including PSAPs, local and federal law enforcement agencies, multiple communications service providers, local government representatives and county code enforcement, and regional healthcare facilities. [...] The impacted service provider produced much of the voice, data, and internet service in the region. The outage impacted local and regional PSAP operations, impacted hospital communications, civilian communications, and even commercial business operations."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM; National Council of Statewide Interoperability Coordinators
2022-06
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Violent Victimization by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, 2017-2020
From the Document: "During the 4-year aggregate period of 2017 to 2020, the rates of violent victimization were significantly higher for persons age 16 or older who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual than for those who identified as straight, according to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Persons who identified as lesbian or gay experienced 43.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 16 or older, more than twice the rate among persons who identified as straight (19.0 per 1,000) [...]. Violent victimization includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. Based on 2017-20 population data from the NCVS, 1.4% of persons age 16 or older self-identified as being lesbian or gay and 0.7% identified as being bisexual. [...] The rate of violent victimization was significantly higher among bisexual persons (129.1 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 16 or older) than lesbian or gay persons (43.5 per 1,000) or persons who identified as straight (19.0 per 1,000) during 2017-20. Persons who identified as 'something else' experienced violent victimization at a higher rate (106.2 per 1,000) than lesbian or gay persons."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics; United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Department of Justice
Truman, Jennifer L.; Morgan, Rachel E.
2022-06
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Both Supply and Demand for COVID-Related Academic and Social Interventions Are Insufficient to Address the Negative Effects of the Pandemic
From the Document: "The disparate effects of the pandemic on families of different races, ethnicities, and income levels has been well documented. For instance, there were large income gaps in access to adequate technology throughout the pandemic, large racial gaps in parents' fears about COVID [coronavirus disease 2019]-related school safety and willingness to return to school in person, and gaps along racial, ethnic, and income lines in the pandemic's academic impacts on state and other assessments. Not surprisingly, given these disparities, Black parents and parents with low incomes are more likely than other parents to be concerned about their children's well-being now and are more likely to be interested in targeted academic and social interventions. Our new survey data show, however, that they are also less likely to report having access to the interventions they want."
Urban Institute
Polikoff, Morgan; Silver, Daniel
2022-06
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U.S. Electricity Sector: Summer 2022 Outlook [May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "Ahead of summer 2022, federal officials have released several warnings about anticipated reliability risks and higher electricity prices compared to 2021. This analysis summarizes these warnings and provides additional information, should Congress consider oversight or other actions in response to these warnings. Demand for electricity peaks in much of the country during the summer, as air conditioning use increases. Losing access to electricity--either from power outages or affordability challenges--may be especially impactful (and potentially life threatening) during the hotter times of the year. In part, officials' warnings stem from ongoing trends, such as energy commodity price increases, retirement of coal-fired power plants, increased use of natural gas and renewable energy sources, and drought conditions in the West. Other contributing factors are relatively new, including Russia's war in Ukraine."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lawson, Ashley J.
2022-05-31
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Venezuela: Overview of U.S. Sanctions [Updated May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "For over 15 years, the United States has imposed sanctions in response to activities of the Venezuelan government and Venezuelan individuals. The earliest sanctions imposed related to Venezuela's lack of cooperation on antidrug and counterterrorism efforts. The Obama Administration imposed targeted sanctions against individuals for human rights abuses, corruption, and antidemocratic actions. The Trump Administration expanded economic sanctions in response to the increasing authoritarianism of President Nicolás Maduro (in power since 2013)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2022-05-31
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Army's Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) [Updated May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "Congress has expressed concern about the threat to U.S. national security posed by Russia and China. The Army contends in order to address the threat, it must be able to operate in a multi-domain (air, land, water, space, cyber, information) environment, requiring new operational concepts, technologies, weapons, and units. The Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) is the Army's self-described 'organizational centerpiece' of this effort."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2022-05-31
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2022 Hurricane Outlooks and 2021 Hurricane Season Review [May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "Many in Congress have expressed interest in increasing scientific understanding of tropical cyclones and improving forecasts to help their constituents prepare for the yearly hurricane season and potentially decrease a storm's impact on an individual or community. The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is responsible for issuing tropical cyclone forecasts, including track, intensity, storm surge, and rainfall. [...] In May 2022, NOAA issued its initial 2022 Atlantic hurricane outlook [hyperlink], indicating a 65% likelihood of an above-normal season rather than a near- (25%) or below-normal season (10%). The predicted number of named storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes was similar to the number predicted in August 2021 for the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season. NOAA indicated that the higher level of activity is attributed to climate factors [hyperlink], such as the ongoing periodic cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (La Niña phenomenon), warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, weaker tropical Atlantic trade winds, and an enhanced West African monsoon system."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lipiec, Eva
2022-05-31
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Department of Defense Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems [Updated May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly called drones, have proliferated rapidly and are available to nation states and to nonstate actors and individuals. These systems could provide U.S. adversaries with a low-cost means of conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions against--or attacking--U.S. forces. Furthermore, many smaller UASs cannot be detected by traditional air defense systems due to their size, construction material, and flight altitude. As a result, in FY2023, the Department of Defense (DOD) plans to spend at least $668 million on counter-UAS (C-UAS) research and development and at least $78 million on C-UAS procurement. As DOD continues to develop, procure, and deploy these systems, congressional oversight of their use may increase, and Congress may have to make decisions about future authorizations, appropriations, and other legislative actions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Sayler, Kelley M.
2022-05-31
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COVID-19 Relief Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated May 31, 2022]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs; management and technical assistance training programs; and contracting programs. Congressional interest in these programs has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy. This report provides a brief description of the SBA's programs and examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007- 2009) and during the COVID-19 pandemic[.]"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.
2022-05-31
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U.S. Economic Recovery in the Wake of COVID-19: Successes and Challenges [May 31, 2022]
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic caused an unprecedented disruption to the basic functioning of the economy in spring 2020. According to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit research group, the U.S. economy experienced a two-month recession in March and April of 2020. The recession was the deepest since the Great Depression, with gross domestic product (GDP) falling by the largest percentage in one quarter in the history of the data series and unemployment rising to its highest monthly rate in the history of that series. Just as economic activity had declined at a historically fast pace, it also started to recover at a historically fast pace. In May 2020, a new economic expansion began, spurred in large part by the historic nature of both fiscal and monetary stimulus throughout the initial months of the pandemic. The recovery continued throughout 2020 and 2021, bolstered by additional stimulus, the gradual loosening of travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders, and the eventual rollout of COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. [...] This report details the initial economic impact of the pandemic and the ways in which the economy has recovered and continues to recover. This report further explores the ways in which this shock and recovery have been unusual and what this all might mean for the economy in the coming months and years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Labonte, Marc; Weinstock, Lida R.
2022-05-31
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Export-Import Bank: New Domestic Financing Initiative [May 31, 2022]
From the Document: "The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank or the Bank) [hyperlink] has launched a 'Make More in America Initiative' [hyperlink] to support 'export-oriented domestic manufacturing projects.' The initiative extends some of the Bank's existing demand-driven, export-contingent financing programs to a more domestic focus (see 'Table 1'). The Biden Administration [hyperlink] states that the initiative will help in 'revitalizing American manufacturing, improving the resiliency of our supply chains, and leveling the playing field for American companies competing in overseas markets.' The initiative raises issues for Congress regarding the Bank's authorities, operations, and effectiveness."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
2022-05-31
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 27, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Barriers to and Disparities in Access to Health Care Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Epilepsy -- United States, 2015 and 2017"; "Seizure- or Epilepsy-Related Emergency Department Visits Before and During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic -- United States, 2019-2021"; "Multistate Outbreak of 'Listeria monocytogenes' Infections Linked to Fresh, Soft Hispanic-Style Cheese -- United States, 2021"; "Post-COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18-64 and ≥65 Years -- United States, March 2020-November 2021"; "'Notes from the Field': Self-Reported Health Symptoms Following Petroleum Contamination of a Drinking Water System -- Oahu, Hawaii, November 2021- February 2022"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage Distribution of Deaths Involving Injuries from Recreational and Nonrecreational Use of Watercraft, by Month -- United States, 2018-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-05-27
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 27, 2022: Use of JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating) for Preexposure Vaccination of Persons at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices -- United States, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Use of JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating) for Preexposure Vaccination of Persons at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices -- United States, 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-05-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 138, Wildland Firefighter Fair Pay Act
From the Document: "S. 138 would exempt wildland firefighters, meteorologists, and incident management teams working in the Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and the National Weather Service from premium pay limitations for work related to wildfire emergencies conducted in calendar year 2022. That is, the bill would increase the pay those federal employees could receive. S. 138 also would direct the affected agencies to submit a plan to the Congress that addresses the hiring and training of wildland firefighters. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes that the legislation will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2022. As a result, any additional pay under this bill would be disbursed in fiscal year 2023. Public Law 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, increased the pay cap for firefighters within the Forest Service and Department of the Interior for calendar year 2022. Because of the small number of employees that would be affected, CBO estimates that extending the waiver to eligible National Weather Service employees and completing the required plan would have insignificant costs; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05-27
