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Communicable Disease Threats Report: Week 41, 4-10 October 2020
The Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin that provides updates on threats monitored by European Union and European Economic Area (ECDC). The Week 41 report covering October 4-10, 2020 assesses current threats and non-threats and provides an epidemiological overview of each in individualized reports. Threats covered in this issue include COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), West Nile virus, Measles, Dengue, Ebola, and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus).
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-10-09
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MMWR Early Release: Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties -- United States, April-September 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Hotspot Counties - United States, April-September 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
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Contact Tracing by Community Health Workers in Low-Resource, Non-US Settings
From the Document Purpose: "This document provides information on how community health workers (CHWs) can support contact tracing efforts related to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in low resource and resource-limited non-U.S. settings. The considerations provided can be adapted to follow national or local guidelines and account for local context."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
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Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of Isolation Gowns [Updated Oct. 9, 2020]
From the Document: "Summary of updates as of October 9, 2020: [1] Added considerations for returning to conventional capacity practices. [2] Moved the use of reusable (i.e., washable or cloth) isolation gowns to conventional capacity strategies. [3] Edited the section on consideration of the use of coveralls. [4] Added language to the section on prioritizing the use of gowns. [5] Moved the crisis capacity strategy of re-use of isolation gowns to the bottom of the list and added cautionary statements about the risks of this strategy on HCP [healthcare professionals] and patient safety."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 9, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Positive Hispanic and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men - United States, 2015-2019"; "Characteristics Associated with Adults Remembering to Wash Hands in Multiple Situations Before and During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic - United States, October 2019 and June 2020"; "Adolescent with COVID-19 as the Source of an Outbreak at a 3-Week Family Gathering - Four States, June-July 2020"; "Trends in COVID-19 Incidence After Implementation of Mitigation Measures - Arizona, January 22-August 7, 2020"; and "Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Afghanistan, January 2019-July 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
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MMWR Early Release: Factors Influencing Risk for COVID-19 Exposure Among Young Adults Aged 18-23 Years -- Winnebago County, Wisconsin, March-July 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Factors Influencing Risk for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Exposure Among Young Adults Aged 18-23 Years -- Winnebago County, Wisconsin, March-July 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-09
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Trump on China: Putting America First: A Collection of Speeches Laying Out the Most Significant United States Foreign Policy Shift in a Generation
From the Introduction: "President Trump made plain in his May speech, 'The United States wants an open and constructive relationship with China, but achieving that relationship requires us to vigorously defend our national interests.' This book explains what President Trump means by his call for a vigorous defense of our national interests vis a vis China. [...] Taken together, the speeches herein are similar to U.S. diplomat George Kennan's 1946 'Long Telegram' to the State Department that outlined his views on the Soviet Union. This book is different from the 'Long Telegram' in two important respects. First, unlike Kennan's case, written by an envoy at post, this book contains the words and policies of the President and his most senior officials. Second, given China's population size, economic prowess, and historic global ambitions, the People's Republic of China is a more capable competitor than the Soviet Union at its height."
United States. White House Office
2020-10-09
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Australia's Strategic Posture: Issues for Congress [Updated October 9, 2020]
From the Summary: "Australia is responding to increased uncertainty in its strategic environment by developing a new strategic posture that will likely allow it greater flexibility to act independently. In new strategic documents, Australia has outlined plans to increase its defense spending, acquire key combat systems, and further develop strategic and defense ties and bilateral relations with Japan, India, Southwest Pacific states and others in the region while also seeking to maintain and strengthen its alliance relationship with the United States. Some have described these changes as the most significant changes to Australia's strategic posture in a generation. This report is to inform Members seeking a better understanding of the strategic implications for the United States of the evolving strategic posture of one of the United States' key allies in the Indo-Pacific. Australia's evolving strategic posture has significant implications for congressional decisionmaking on U.S. defense procurement expenditures and for oversight of U.S. strategy and defense posture in the Indo-Pacific region, as well as congressional efforts to protect and strengthen U.S. alliances more generally. The report focuses on diplomatic, strategic, and defense ties and does not focus in depth on trade or people-to-people ties."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Vaughn, Bruce, 1963-
2020-10-09
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Presidential Elections: Vacancies in Major-Party Candidacies and the Position of President-Elect [Updated October 9, 2020]
From the Summary: "What would happen in 2020 if a candidate for President or Vice President were to die or leave the ticket any time between the national party conventions and the November 3 election day? What would happen if this occurred during presidential transition, either between election day and the December 14, 2020, meeting of the electoral college; or between December 14 and the inauguration of the President and Vice President on January 20, 2021? Procedures to fill these vacancies differ depending on when they occur."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Neale, Thomas H.
2020-10-09
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Immigration Detainers: Background and Recent Legal Developments [Updated October 9, 2020]
From the Document: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has authority to detain non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who are subject to removal. Within DHS, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is mainly responsible for the arrest, detention, and removal of aliens found in the interior of the United States. If an alien whom ICE believes to be removable is in custody by state or local law enforcement officers (LEOs), ICE may take custody of the alien through a 'detainer.' A detainer requests that state or local LEOs hold an alien in their custody for up to 48 hours after the alien would otherwise be released to facilitate the alien's removal. ICE's practice of issuing detainers has been subject to legal challenge, including on the ground that the continued detention of an alien pending transfer to ICE custody violates the Fourth Amendment's protections against unreasonable searches and seizures."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2020-10-09
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Medicaid Telehealth Policies in Response to COVID-19 [October 9, 2020]
From the Document: "Medicaid, authorized in Title XIX of the Social Security Act (SSA), is a federal-state program that jointly finances primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS), to a diverse low-income population. The 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and the five U.S. territories (American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico [PR], and the U.S. Virgin Islands [USVI]) must follow broad federal rules to receive federal Medicaid funding, but they have flexibility to design their own versions of Medicaid within the federal statute's basic framework. In addition, several waiver authorities allow states to operate their Medicaid programs outside of federal program rules. [...] This flexibility results in variability across state Medicaid programs in factors such as use of telehealth as a service delivery method. This In Focus provides background on Medicaid telehealth and an overview of telehealth actions in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Public Health Emergency (PHE). It discusses how states leveraged existing flexibilities and PHE-specific federal authorities to increase the number of services, provider types, and other telehealth coverage options under Medicaid."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Baumrucker, Evelyne P.; Keyser, Julia A.
2020-10-09
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Strategic Considerations in Preparing for Deployment of COVID-19 Vaccine and Vaccination in the WHO European Region
From the Scope and Purpose: "This document outlines the key strategic considerations for ministries of health, their agencies, national immunization technical advisory groups/committees and relevant public and private sector authorities in the WHO [World Health Organization] European Region in preparing for deployment of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine and vaccination in their countries. The objective is to allow Member States to identify and address any critical gaps for effective deployment of COVID-19 vaccines. As new scientific evidence and information related to COVID-19 vaccines become available, a detailed operational guidance and related tools for vaccination and deployment of COVID vaccines in countries will follow."
World Health Organization
2020-10-09
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Abbott Laboratories, AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgM
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] IgM [Immunoglobulin M] assay. You should not interpret the results of this test as an indication or degree of immunity or protection from reinfection. The AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgM assay is authorized for the qualitative detection of IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum, serum separator tube, and plasma (dipotassium EDTA [Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid], tripotassium EDTA, lithium heparin, lithium heparin separator tube, sodium heparin)."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-09
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Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "This report discusses two types of amphibious ships being procured for the Navy: LPD-17 Flight II class amphibious ships and LHA-type amphibious assault ships. Both types are built by Huntington Ingalls Industries/Ingalls Shipbuilding (HII/Ingalls) of Pascagoula, MS. The first LPD-17 Flight II class ship, LPD-30, was procured in FY2018; the Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates its cost at $1,819.6 million (i.e., about $1.8 billion). LHA-type amphibious assault ships are procured once every few years. LHA-8 was procured in FY2017; the Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates its cost at $3,832.0 million (i.e., about $3.8 billion). The Navy's FY2021 budget submission presents the second LPD-17 Flight II amphibious ship, LPD-31, as a ship requested for procurement in FY2021, and the next amphibious assault ship, LHA-9, as a ship projected for procurement in FY2023. Consistent with congressional action on the Navy's FY2020 budget, this CRS report treats LPD-31 and LHA-9 as ships that Congress procured (i.e., authorized and provided procurement--not advance procurement--funding for) in FY2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-10-08
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Navy Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Navy's new Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) program envisions procuring a class of 28 to 30 new amphibious ships to support the Marine Corps, particularly in implementing a new Marine Corps operational concept called Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations (EABO). The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $30 million in research and development funding for initial industry studies and concept design work on the ship. The Navy envisions procuring the ships on an expedited schedule, with the first LAWs potentially being procured in FY2023 and a total of 28 notionally being procured by FY2026. The EABO concept was developed with an eye toward potential conflict scenarios with China in the Western Pacific. Under the concept, the Marine Corps envisions, among other things, having reinforced-platoon-sized Marine Corps units maneuver around the theater, moving from island to island, to fire anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and perform other missions so as to contribute, alongside Navy and other U.S. military forces, to U.S. operations to counter and deny sea control to Chinese forces. The LAW ships would be instrumental to these operations, with LAWs embarking, transporting, landing, and subsequently reembarking these small Marine Corps units."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-10-08
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Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Navy began procuring John Lewis (TAO-205) class oilers in FY2016, and a total of six have been procured through FY2020, including two in FY2020. The first six TAO-205s are being procured under a block buy contract that was authorized by Section 127 of the FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act (S. 1356/P.L. 114-92 of November 25, 2015). The Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates that TAO-205s cost about $530 million each when they are procured at a rate of two per year. The Navy wants to procure a total of 20 TAO-205s. The ships are being built by General Dynamics/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (GD/NASSCO) of San Diego, CA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-10-08
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Fighting Pandemic Fatigue and Staying Safe: A Conversation with Paul Rothman and Lisa Maragakis [video]
From the Video Description: "As the pandemic enters its eighth month, we're all suffering from pandemic fatigue. To protect our loved ones, our patients, and ourselves, we must continue to stay focused. In this video, Dr. Lisa Maragakis and Dean Paul Rothman discuss 4 keys to staying safe: physical distancing, masks, self-monitoring and hand hygiene." The duration of this video is 4 minutes and 29 seconds.
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2020-10-08
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Beckman Coulter, Inc., Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Access SARS‐CoV‐2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] IgM [Immunoglobulin M]. [...] The Access SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM is authorized for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-10-08
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Review Process for Vaccines to Prevent COVID-19: A Discussion [video]
From the Video Description: "Join the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) as we host a discussion regarding the review process for vaccines to prevent COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. CIDRAP director Michael Osterholm will moderate a discussion with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner Stephen Hahn, and former FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg." The duration of this video is 1 hour, 2 minutes, and 5 seconds.
University of Minnesota. Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
2020-10-08
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Répondre à la COVID-19 en Afrique : utiliser les données pour trouver un équilibre (Deuxième Partie)
"Ce rapport a été établi par le Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC), un partenariat public-privé qui soutient les mesures fondées sur des données probantes pour réduire l'impact de la COVID-19 [maladie du coronavirus 2019] sur les États membres de l'UA. Son objectif, et celui du PERC de manière plus générale, est d'aider les gouvernements à déterminer l'acceptabilité, l'impact et l'efficacité des mesures sociales et de santé publiques (MSSP) liées à la COVID-19, notamment leurs effets indirects sur la santé, la sécurité alimentaire et l'économie. Le rapport s'appuie sur les résultats d'une enquête téléphonique réalisée entre le 4 et le 17 août 2020 auprès de plus de 24 000 adultes dans 18 États membres de l'UA ainsi que sur des données sociales, économiques, épidémiologiques, sur des données liées aux déplacements de la population et à la sécurité. Les briefings de chacun des 18 États membres sont disponibles sur : [https://preventepidemics.org/covid19/perc/]. Ce document est le deuxième rapport régional de la série « Répondre à la COVID-19 en Afrique : utiliser les données pour trouver un équilibre » [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=862708] du PERC. Le premier rapport régional, publié en mai 2020, regroupait également des données multisectorielles, dont les résultats d'une enquête menée dans 28 villes de 20 États membres de l'UA."
Partnership for Evidence-Based Response to COVID-19 (PERC)
2020-10-08?
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CARES Act Payroll Support to Air Carriers and Contractors [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), signed into law on March 27, 2020, provided assistance to consumers and businesses, including aid to air carriers and eligible contractors. Emergency funds also were provided to eligible airports. Assistance to air carriers in Division A, Title IV of the CARES Act included loans and loan guarantees, funds to support the pay and benefits of air carrier workers, and a suspension of aviation excise taxes on air transport of people, cargo, and aviation fuel through calendar year 2020. This Insight focuses on the payroll support program (PSP). Section 4112 of the CARES Act provided $32 billion in payroll support to aviation workers. From this amount, the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to provide up to [1] $25 billion for passenger air carriers (any air carrier that, during the period from April 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020, derived more than 50% of its air transportation revenue from the transportation of passengers); [2] $4 billion for cargo air carriers (any air carrier that, during the period from April 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020, derived more than 50% of its air transportation revenue from the transportation of property or mail, or both); and [3] $3 billion for contractors who provide ground services directly to air carriers, such as catering services or on-airport functions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tang, Rachel Y.
2020-10-08
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 20 Issue 41, October 8, 2020
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following sections: "Space heaters and 'space bubbles' are latest COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] concern"; "FEMA produces topical Resource Roadmaps to cover COVID-19 issues"; "CMAT [Community Mitigation Assistance Team] program offers community wildfire mitigation assistance"; "UHS [Universal Health Services] hospitals hit by reported country-wide Ryuk ransomware attack"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] releases joint ransomware guide"; and "Comcast TV remote hack opens homes to snooping."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2020-10-08
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FEMA Advisory: Hurricane Delta (October 8, 2020)
From the Document: "In preparation for TC [Tropical Cyclone] Delta, personnel and resources are staged across, or en-route to, potentially impacted areas in the path of the storm. Forecast: Tropical Cyclone Delta is a category 2 hurricane approximately 450 miles south of Louisiana. Hurricane Delta is moving at approximately a 305 degree heading (WNW) at 15 mph with sustained winds of 100 mph. Delta will move over the central and southern Gulf Thursday and strengthen as it approaches the northern Gulf Coast Friday. Landfall is expected late Friday bringing life-threatening storm surge and hurricane force winds along the LA coast. Flash, urban, and stream flooding is likely from the central Gulf into the lower to middle Mississippi Valley."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-10-08
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CDC's Interim Guidance for General Population Disaster Shelters During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Updated Oct. 8, 2020]
From the Purpose: "This document provides interim guidance to reduce the risk of introducing and transmitting COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in general population disaster shelters before, during, or after a disaster."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-08
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Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens for COVID-19 [Updated Oct. 8, 2020]
From the Summary of Recent Changes: "Revisions were made on October 8, 2020 to reflect the following: [1] Clarification on language for the collection of specimens and to include the addition of saliva language."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-08
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Army's Project Convergence [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Document: "Project Convergence is what the Army calls a 'campaign of learning,' designed to further integrate the Army into the Joint Force. It is how the Army plans to be a part of Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2), the Department of Defense's (DOD's) plan to connect sensors from all the military services--Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Space Force--as well as Special Operations Forces (SOF), into a single network which, theoretically, could be more effective and less costly. Reportedly, on September 29, 2020, the Army and Air Force signed a two-year agreement to collaborate on developing combined JADC2, affecting future joint force training, exercises, and demonstrations. Designed around five core elements--soldiers, weapons systems, command and control, information, and terrain-- Army Futures Command (AFC) plans to run Project Convergence on an annual cycle; achieving objectives from frequent experiments with technology, equipment, and soldier feedback throughout the year and culminating in an annual exercise or demonstration. In basic terms, the Army reportedly wants to 'take the service's big ideas for future warfare and test them in the real world. The Army wants to figure out what works and what needs fixing--and figure that out as early on as possible, when it's much cheaper to make changes.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-10-08
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U.S. Nuclear Weapons Tests [October 8, 2020]
From the Document: "Press reports in May 2020 indicated that officials in the Trump Administration had discussed whether to conduct an explosive test of a U.S. nuclear weapon. The United States has observed a voluntary moratorium on nuclear explosive testing since 1992, although it has maintained the ability to resume these tests at the Nevada Nuclear Security Site (NNSS). Since 1993, it has used a program known as Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship to maintain confidence in the safety, security, and effectiveness of its nuclear arsenal."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham; Woolf, Amy F.
2020-10-08
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Overview of Department of Defense Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Summary: "Communication using the electromagnetic spectrum ('the spectrum') enables a number of modern military capabilities. The Department of Defense (DOD) uses electromagnetic radiation to enable military communications, navigation, radar, nonintrusive inspection of aircraft, and other equipment. DOD also heavily relies on electromagnetic radiation for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) applications such as missile early warning and signals intelligence. Individual branches of the military (e.g., the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Space Force) currently are allotted significant ranges of frequency bands to enable various equipment and applications that support military operations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sayler, Kelley M.; Hoehn, John R.; Gallagher, Jill C.
2020-10-08
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Robinhood, the Fintech Discount Broker: Recent Developments and Concerns [October 8, 2020]
From the Document: "Founded in 2013, Robinhood is an online and phone-app based discount broker-dealer for retail customers with an interest in trading stocks, stock options, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and cryptocurrencies. It is part of a new breed of 'fintech' firms--innovative, technology-focused firms offering financial products. The firm is seen by some as 'democratizing' access to retail securities trading; has been accompanied by industry consolidation; and has raised various public policy and congressional concerns. The firm recently burst into the public eye for three major reasons: (1) it pioneered the now-widespread industry practice of charging zero trading fees or commissions for certain trades when the most inexpensive online brokers were charging $5 to $8 per trade; (2) in March 2020, its trading services shut down for more than a trading day in a period of market turmoil; and (3) in June 2020, a 20-year-old college student, Alex Kearns, committed suicide after his Robinhood app indicated that he had a negative balance of $750,000 for sophisticated stock options trades, an amount that now appears to have been grossly overstated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shorter, Gary W.
2020-10-08
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New U.S. Marine Corps Force Design Initiatives [Updated October 8, 2020]
From the Background: "On March 23, 2020, the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) announced a major force design initiative planned to occur over the next 10 years. The Marine Corps aims to redesign the force for naval expeditionary warfare and to better align itself with the National Defense Strategy, in particular, its focus on strategically competing with China and Russia. The Marines intend to eliminate or reduce certain types of units and eliminate some military occupational specialties (MOS). The Marines also plan to reorganize higher echelon Marine formations and get smaller--reducing forces by 12,000 personnel by 2030. Congress in its regulatory, oversight, and authorization and appropriations roles could take interest in this major proposed force design initiative."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-10-08
