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Frequently Asked Questions: Calculating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR Laboratory Test Percent Positivity
From the Document: "Percent positivity represents the percentage of all COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] ([SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] RT-PCR [reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction]) tests conducted that are positive. While the methods used to calculate percent positivity can differ, percent positivity provides important insights into the transmission of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), in a geographical area (e.g., national, regional, state, county). Percent positivity provides a strong indication of how widespread infection is in an area where testing is being conducted, but is dependent upon whether testing is keeping up with the level of disease transmission and the criteria used for testing (routine screening vs. diagnostic testing)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-09-16
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VA Acquisition Management: COVID-19 Response Strains Supply Chain While Modernization Delays Continue, Statement of Shelby S. Oakley, Director, Contracting and National Security Acquisitions, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "VA [Department of Veterans Affairs] spends hundreds of millions of dollars annually to meet the health care needs of about 9 million veterans. As of June 30, 2020, VA received about $19.6 billion in supplemental appropriations for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]-related needs. Due to longstanding issues with VA acquisition management, GAO [Government Accountability Office] added it to its High Risk List in 2019. This statement discusses how VA is meeting its needs for medical and surgical supplies during the pandemic and the status of ongoing efforts to modernize its supply chain. This statement is based on information from three reports issued from 2017-2020, a draft report on the MSPV [Medical-Surgical Prime Vendor] program currently with VA for comment, and preliminary observations from an ongoing review of VA's COVID-19 procurements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Oakley, Shelby S.
2020-09-16
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Agriculture Spending: Opportunities Exist for USDA to Identify Successes and Challenges of the Farmers to Families Food Box Program to Inform Future Efforts
From the Document: "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused disruptions in the U.S. food supply chain, from the farms where raw agricultural commodities are produced to the food processing and distribution network that enables these commodities to be used by consumers. The closure of institutions (e.g., schools, restaurants, and hotels) made it difficult for agricultural producers to market their commodities, leading to the spoilage of crops, dumping of milk, and euthanization of livestock. As part of its response to the pandemic, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed the Farmers to Families Food Box Program. Through this program, USDA plans to purchase up to $3 billion in fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and meat products; contract with distributors to package these products into family-sized boxes; and transport these boxes to food banks, community and faith-based organizations, and other nonprofits that will then provide the food boxes to persons in need. The program is implemented through USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service and involves about 200 contractors."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Morris, Stephen D.
2020-09-16
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, September 16, 2020: Characteristics and Maternal and Birth Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 -- COVID-Net, 13 States, March 1-August 22, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Characteristics and Maternal and Birth Outcomes of Hospitalized Pregnant Women with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] -- COVID-Net [COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network], 13 States, March 1-August 22, 2020."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-09-16
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Color of Coronavirus: COVID-19 Deaths by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S.
From the Webpage: "Our ongoing Color of Coronavirus project monitors how and where COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] mortality is inequitably impacting certain communities--to guide policy and community responses to these disproportionate deaths. The coronavirus has claimed more than 195,000 American lives through Sept. 15, 2020--about 24,000 more than our last update four weeks ago, averaging nearly 900 deaths per day. We know the race and ethnicity for 95% of the cumulative deaths in the United States. [...] The APM [American Public Media] Research Lab has independently compiled these death statistics. [...] The result is the most robust and up-to-date portrait of COVID-19 mortality by race available anywhere, with a lens on inequitable deaths. We have been tracking these deaths for more than five months now, revealing COVID-19's growing toll on all Americans, but with the heaviest losses among Black and Indigenous Americans."
American Public Media
2020-09-16
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Veterans Affairs: VA Needs to Address Persistent IT Modernization and Cybersecurity Challenges, Statement of Carol C. Harris, Director, Information Technology Management Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittees on Economic Opportunity and Technology Modernization, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives
From the Document: "The use of IT [information technology] is crucial to helping VA [Department of Veterans Affairs] effectively serve the nation's veterans. The department annually spends billions of dollars on its information systems and assets--VA's budget for IT now exceeds $4 billion annually. However, over many years, VA has experienced challenges in managing its IT projects and programs, which could jeopardize its ability to effectively support key programs such as the Forever GI Bill. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported on these IT management challenges at VA. GAO was asked to testify on its prior IT work at VA. Specifically, this testimony summarizes results and recommendations from GAO's issued reports that examined VA's efforts in (1) modernizing VistA [Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture], a system for the Family Caregiver Program, and VBMS [Veterans Benefits Management System]; (2) implementing FITARA [Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act]; and (3) addressing cybersecurity issues. In developing this testimony, GAO reviewed its recently issued reports that addressed IT management issues at VA and GAO's biannual high-risk series. GAO also incorporated information on the department's actions in response to recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Harris, Carol C.
2020-09-16
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H. Rept. 116-508, Part 1: Savanna's Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 2733, September 16, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 2733, Savanna's Act, would bolster the federal government's response to the crisis of missing and murdered Native American women by improving tribal access to crime information databases; developing law enforcement guidelines for responding to missing and murdered Native Americans and Alaska Natives; and increasing data collection on these crimes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-09-16
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H. Rept. 116-509, Part 1: Not Invisible Act of 2020, Report to Accompany H.R. 2438, September 16, 2020
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 2438, the 'Not Invisible Act of 2020,' would address the crisis of violence and sexual violence committed against American Indian and Alaska Native men and women in two concrete ways-- by directing the appointment, within the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), of a coordinator of federal efforts to combat violence against Native people and by establishing, within the Department of the Interior (DOI) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), a Joint Commission on Reducing Violent Crime Against Indians."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-09-16
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Visby Medical, Inc., Visby Medical COVID-19
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of the Visby Medical COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. The Visby Medical COVID-19 is authorized for use with nasopharyngeal, nasal or mid-turbinate swab specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2020-09-16
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Intra-Afghan Talks Commence in Doha, Qatar [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "On September 12, 2020, Afghan government and Taliban representatives officially met to begin inaugural direct peace negotiations in Doha, Qatar, a significant moment with potentially dramatic implications for the course of the Afghan conflict. The United States, whose military involvement in Afghanistan is approaching its twentieth year, helped facilitate the talks while withdrawing U.S. military forces from the country. As negotiators begin their work, U.S. officials, including Members of Congress, are expected to closely follow the negotiations, given the impact that a settlement could have on U.S. interests such as human rights and counterterrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thomas, Clayton (Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs)
2020-09-16
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Federal Offshore Oil and Gas Revenues During the COVID-19 Pandemic [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Since March 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic and accompanying recession have reduced demand for oil and natural gas, resulting in lower prices and decreased production. These changes affect revenues paid to the federal government from oil and gas leasing on the U.S. outer continental shelf (OCS). Federal revenues from OCS oil and gas include bonus bids from lease sales, rents paid prior to production on leases, royalties collected during production, and other fees. A portion of federal offshore oil and gas revenue is shared with coastal states under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA; 43 U.S.C. §§1331-1356b) and the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of 2006 (GOMESA; 43 U.S.C. §1331 note). The revenues also fund multiple federal programs and contribute to the General Fund of the Treasury."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Comay, Laura B.
2020-09-16
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Burmese Soldiers Confess to Slaughtering Rohingya Civilians [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Two former Burmese soldiers have confessed on video to indiscriminately killing Rohingya civilians in 2017 under the direct orders of their commanding officers. The soldiers' accounts are consistent with descriptions provided by Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. The confessions emerge at a time of growing pressure on the United States and other governments to state officially that the Burmese military's assault on Rohingya villages in Burma's Rakhine State in August 2017 constitutes an act of genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes under international law. In November 2017, then-Secretary of State Rex Tillerson referred to the attacks as 'ethnic cleansing,' a concept that is not recognized as a crime under international law. Since then, the Trump Administration has not changed that characterization despite some congressional pressure for a determination on the issue of genocide."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Martin, Michael F.
2020-09-16
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Medical Supply Chains and Policy Options: The Data Challenge [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed some areas in which the United States relies heavily on global supply chains. U.S. shortages of critical supplies of medical products have prompted congressional interest in better understanding U.S. import trends and domestic production capacity in certain industries considered essential to U.S. public health and national security. Some Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have sought ways to increase U.S. production of medical products, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and pharmaceuticals, by providing economic incentives to firms and strengthening government procurement requirements to better prioritize domestically produced goods."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.; Sutter, Karen M.
2020-09-16
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Russian Private Military Companies (PMCs) [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Over the last decade, Russian private military companies (PMCs) have appeared globally in various conflicts. Observers believe the Russian government is increasingly using PMCs to project power cheaply and deniably. Russian PMCs often operate alongside local militias, volunteers, criminal groups, and other non-state actors. In many cases, such PMCs appear closely connected to and controlled by the Russian government; in other cases, the extent of government control is uncertain. Members of Congress may be interested in examining the scope of Russian PMC operations to understand the full range of Russian tactics and operations when evaluating Russia's efforts to advance its foreign policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bowen, Andrew S.
2020-09-16
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Police Reform and the 116th Congress: Selected Legal Issues [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Nationwide protests during the spring and summer of 2020 related to police use of force have prompted calls for increased congressional regulation of federal, state, and local law enforcement. While the regulation of state and municipal law enforcement is an area that the Constitution generally entrusts to the states, Congress possesses some authority and has exercised that authority to regulate local law enforcement matters. [...] This report provides an overview of legal issues related to federal regulation of law enforcement by first discussing Congress's constitutional authority to regulate law enforcement agencies and officers. The report then summarizes current federal law related to police regulation and oversight, including enforcement by the U.S. Department of Justice and laws that impose criminal and civil liability for unlawful conduct by government actors, such as law enforcement officers. Finally, the report concludes by discussing recent legislative proposals related to police reform and relevant considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Anderson, April J.; Novak, Whitney K.; Lampe, Joanna R.
2020-09-16
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Patent Law: A Handbook for Congress [September 16, 2020]
From the Document: "As patent law continues to be an area of congressional interest, this report provides background and descriptions of several key patent law doctrines. The report first describes the various parts of a patent, including the specification (which describes the invention) and the claims (which set out the legal boundaries of the patent owner's exclusive rights). Next, the report provides detail on the basic doctrines governing patentability, enforcement, and patent validity. [...] The report then explains how the rights granted by a patent are enforced, including issues relating to patent infringement (such as direct infringement, infringement under the doctrine of equivalents, induced infringement, and contributory infringement). Also addressed are issues relating to litigation in federal district court and before the International Trade Commission (ITC), including the specialized dispute procedures governed by the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 (Hatch-Waxman Act) and the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCIA). Finally, the report explains how a patent owner may lose their patent. This includes discussions of ex parte reexamination, post-grant review, inter partes review, and covered business method review."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Richards, Kevin T.
2020-09-16
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Package Delivery in Rural and Dense Urban Areas
From the Executive Summary: "In 2019, carriers delivered nearly 6 billion packages to every corner of America-- more than 19 million every day. This represents an 87 percent increase in the U.S. Postal Service's package volume since 2013, driven by booming ecommerce sales. Whether they live in an urban high-rise apartment or a rural farm, Americans eagerly await the delivery of their items, which may include household goods, clothing, and prescription drugs. However, delivery to dense urban cores and sparsely populated rural areas are different from delivery to the rest of the country, with distinct operational, market, and financial challenges for the Postal Service. To explore these issues, the U.S. Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) organized the country into High Density, Medium Density, and Low Density areas based on specific characteristics, such as delivery point density. We examined operational challenges and package volume trends primarily in High and Low Density locales, where the Postal Service's profit margins are lowest."
United States Postal Service. Office of Inspector General
2020-09-16
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Tracking Federal Awards in States and Congressional Districts Using USAspending.gov [Updated September 15, 2020]
From the Overview: "USAspending.gov, available to the public at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), zip code, city, and county. The awards data in USAspending.gov is provided by federal agencies and represents grants, contracts, loans, and other financial assistance. Grant awards include money the federal government commits for projects in states, local jurisdictions, regions, territories, and tribal reservations, as well as payments for eligible needs to help individuals and families. Contract awards refer to bids and agreements the federal government makes for specific goods and services. USAspending.gov does not include data on actual spending by recipients. USAspending.gov also provides tools for examining the broader picture of federal spending obligations within the categories of budget function, agency, and object class. 'Budget function' refers to the major purpose that the spending serves, such as Social Security, Medicare, and national defense. 'Object class' refers to the type of item or service purchased by the federal government, such as grants, contracts, and personnel compensation and benefits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2020-09-15
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Publishing Research at Pandemic Speed: Preprints and Peer Review [video]
In this video, four panelists from the Bloomberg COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Forum discuss preprints and peer reviewed research during a pandemic. Greg Kirk, Vice Dean for Research at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, introduces the forum topic and the panelists. He reports that during the first four months since the first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed, about 16,000 scientific articles have been released, and the "uptake in access to COVID-19 articles is about 15 times higher than among non-COVID articles." The duration of this video is 1 hour, 14 minutes, 53 seconds.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
2020-09-15
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H. Rept. 116-505, Part 1: Tribal School Federal Insurance Parity Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 895, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 15, 2020
From the Purpose: "The purpose of H.R. 895 is to allow tribal grant schools to participate in the Federal Employee Health Benefits program."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-09-15
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Do Veterans Have Choices in How They Access Health Care? [Updated September 15, 2020]
From the Introduction: "On June 6, 2018, the President signed into law the VA MISSION Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-182, as amended). Among other things, the act established a new Veterans Community Care Program (VCCP). Under VCCP, all veteran enrollees would be eligible for hospital care, medical services, and extended care services, in the community, provided they meet one of the six criteria stipulated in the law (38 U.S.C. §1703 and 38 C.F.R.§17.4000), at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) expense. Because of these policies, the VA expects enrollees to get more of their care through VHA rather than relying on other federal and private health care sources ('2021 Congressional Budget Submission,' vol. II, p. VHA268, and 'Economic Regulatory Impact Analysis for Veterans Community Care Program, 'p. 9). Therefore, it is important to understand how veterans currently receive care from the VHA and other sources of health care, such as Medicare and private insurance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Panangala, Sidath Viranga
2020-09-15
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Low-Income Families and COVID-19: Financial Lives Rife with Volatility Become Even More So
From the Document: "In the U.S., the International Rescue Committee (IRC) works with an exceptionally diverse, overwhelmingly low-income client population, serving some 50,000 individuals across 25 cities each year. Through this work on the front lines, IRC has been witnessing what was already a volatile financial world for low-income households now be devastated by a range of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] factors that have disproportionately impacted low-income families. In what follows, we explore how six specific spheres of financial volatility are changing in the COVID-19 era economy. Next, we offer some suggested strategies that may help reduce financial volatility in the lives of some of America's most economically disadvantaged families in support of health, dignity, and the opportunity to make good financial decisions."
International Rescue Committee
2020-09-15?
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COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Clinical, Research and Therapeutics Updates NICHD/FDA Virtual Workshop [video]
From the Webpage Description: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic casts unprecedented difficulties to both maternal-fetal therapeutic research and clinical cares of pregnant women and their newborns. This workshop brings experts from obstetric therapeutic research, clinical care and FDA [U.S. Food and Drug Administration]. The purpose of the workshop is to discuss the progress and challenges in obstetric therapeutic research and patient care, share experiences in clinical management of pregnant women and neonates with COVID-19, and explore effective approaches to obstetric therapeutics in COVID-19 pandemic[.]" The duration of the video is 5:47:16.
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
2020-09-15
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Universal Screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection: A Rapid Review
From the Abstract: "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2). Most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 have mild disease with unspecific symptoms, but about 5% become critically ill with respiratory failure, septic shock and multiple organ failure. An unknown proportion of infected individuals never experience COVID-19 symptoms although they are infectious, that is, they remain asymptomatic. Those who develop the disease, go through a presymptomatic period during which they are infectious. Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infections to detect individuals who are infected before they present clinically, could therefore be an important measure to contain the spread of the disease. We conducted a rapid review to assess (1) the effectiveness of universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with no screening and (2) the accuracy of universal screening in people who have not presented to clinical care for symptoms of COVID-19." This webpage gives the user the option to download a full, standard (excludes data and analyses, and appendices), or a summarized report in pdf format.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; Cochrane (Organization)
Viswanathan, Meera; Kahwati, Leila C.; Jahn, Beate . . .
2020-09-15?
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Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources [Updated September 15, 2020]
From the Summary: "USAspending.gov, available at http://www.USAspending.gov, is a government source for data on federal awards by state, congressional district (CD), county, city, and zip code. The awards data in USAspending.gov are provided by federal agencies and represent contracts, grants, loans, and other forms of financial assistance. USAspending.gov also provides tools for examining the broader picture of federal spending obligations within the categories of budget function, agency, and object class. Using USAspending.gov to locate and compile accurate data on federal awards can be challenging due, in part, to continuing data quality issues that have been identified by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). Users of USAspending.gov need to be aware that while search results may be useful for informing consideration of certain questions, these results may be incomplete or contain inaccuracies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer
2020-09-15
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Resources for Tracking Federal COVID-19 Spending [Updated September 15, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with supplemental appropriations measures providing relief and assistance to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. [...] This report provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief and assistance spending. It includes links to and information on government sources detailing spending amounts at various levels, including consolidated spending by multiple government agencies, spending by individual government agencies, and spending to specific recipients and geographies. The sources themselves are large government databases, individual agencies, oversight entities, and selected nongovernmental entities that attempt to repackage information on spending amounts obtained from available government sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2020-09-15
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Report 31: Estimating the Burden of COVID-19 in Damascus, Syria: An Analysis of Novel Data Sources to Infer Mortality Under-Ascertainment
From the Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has resulted in substantial mortality worldwide. However, to date, countries in the Middle East and Africa have reported substantially lower mortality rates than in Europe and the Americas. One hypothesis is that these countries have been 'spared', but another is that deaths have been under-ascertained (deaths that have been unreported due to any number of reasons, for instance due to limited testing capacity). However, the scale of under-ascertainment is difficult to assess with currently available data. In this analysis, we estimate the potential under-ascertainment of COVID-19 mortality in Damascus, Syria, where all-cause mortality data has been reported between 25th July and 1st August. We fit a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission to reported COVID-19 deaths in Damascus since the beginning of the pandemic and compare the model-predicted deaths to reported excess deaths. Exploring a range of different assumptions about under-ascertainment, we estimate that only 1.25% of deaths (sensitivity range 1% - 3%) due to COVID-19 are reported in Damascus. Accounting for under-ascertainment also corroborates local reports of exceeded hospital bed capacity."
Imperial College London
Watson, Oliver; Alhaffar, Mervat; Mehchy, Zaki
2020-09-15
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MMWR Early Release, September 15, 2020: SARS-CoV-2-Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged <21 Years -- United States, February 12-July 31, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of early release MMWR contains the following article: "SARS-CoV-2 [Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]-Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-09-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5586, Haiti Development, Accountability, and Institutional Transparency Initiative Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on July 29, 2020. From the Document: "H.R. 5586 would direct the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to prioritize support for human rights, anti-corruption, free press, civil liberties, reconstruction, and development in their engagement with Haiti. It also would require the agencies to develop a strategy to support those efforts and report to the Congress on their progress. Finally, the bill would require the department to report to the Congress on a mass killing in Haiti in 2018."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-09-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3891, Advancing Artificial Intelligence Research Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on July 22, 2020. From the Bill Summary: "S. 3891 would authorize the annual appropriation of $250 million over the 2021-2025 period for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to establish an artificial intelligence (AI) research program. The bill also would direct the National Science Foundation (NSF) to designate up to six centers for AI research and, subject to the availability of appropriations, to obligate up to $50 million annually over the same period for each center. Finally, S. 3891 would authorize the appropriation of such sums as may be necessary for the NSF to award grants and scholarships to increase enrollment in AI degree programs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-09-15
