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United States and Europe: A Concrete Agenda for Transatlantic Cooperation on China
From the Introduction: "The United States and Europe increasingly agree that the People's Republic of China (PRC) poses significant political, economic, and even security challenges. Legislators and parliamentarians on both sides of the Atlantic have played an active and leading role in shifting approaches to meet these challenges. The next step is to turn this growing agreement into a constructive and concrete transatlantic agenda to defend shared interests and values. This report puts forward concrete ideas for collaboration in six key areas: [1] Fending off malign political influence, [2] Protecting the integrity of international organizations, [3] Addressing anti-competitive trade and economic practices, [4] Investing in future technologies and shaping how they are used, [5] Confronting the security implications of the PRC's strategic investments in energy, transport, and digital infrastructure through 'One Belt, One Road' (OBOR), and [6] Invigorating partnerships in Africa and the Indo-Pacific."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2020-11
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Technology Assessment: Artificial Intelligence in Health Care, Benefits and Challenges of Technologies to Augment Patient Care, with Content from the National Academy of Medicine, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Executive Summary: "This report is being jointly published by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Part One of this joint publication is the full presentation of GAO's Technology Assessment: 'Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Benefits and Challenges of Technologies to Augment Patient Care'. Part Two is the full presentation of NAM's Special Publication: Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Health Settings Outside the Hospital and Clinic. Although GAO and NAM staff consulted with and assisted each other throughout this work, reviews were conducted by GAO and NAM separately and independently, and authorship of the text of Part One and Part Two of this Executive Summary and the following report lies solely with GAO and NAM, respectively."
United States. Government Accountability Office; National Academy of Medicine
2020-11
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COVID-19: Urgent Actions Needed to Better Ensure an Effective Federal Response, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "As of November 12, 2020, the U.S. had over 10.3 million cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and about 224,000 reported deaths, according to federal agencies. The country also continues to experience serious economic repercussions. Four relief laws, including the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, were enacted as of November 2020 to provide appropriations to address the public health and economic threats posed by COVID-19. As of September 30, 2020, of the $2.6 trillion appropriated by these acts, the federal government had obligated a total of $1.8 trillion and expended $1.6 trillion of the COVID-19 relief funds, as reported by federal agencies. The CARES Act included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on its ongoing monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines the federal government's continued efforts to respond to and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update [1 November 2020]
From the Document: "As of 1 November, nearly 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths have been reported globally. The further acceleration in the incidence of new cases was most notable in European Region, which reported half of global new cases (over 1.7 million cases - a 22% increase from the previous week. Moreover, the region also reported a substantial rise in the number of new deaths (a 46% increase compared with the previous week), with Europe and the Americas now each reporting over 17 000 new deaths in the last 7 days.) The Americas and the Eastern-Mediterranean Regions have also seen relatively smaller rises in the number of reported cases. The South-East Asia Region has continued to report a decline in new cases and deaths, while case incidence continues to fluctuate around similar rates compared to recent weeks in the African and Western Pacific Regions."
World Health Organization
2020-11-01
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: November 2020
This November 2020 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "College Police Bridge Gaps at the National Academy" by Gabriel Galvez; "Leadership Spotlight: Seizing the Opportunity for Meaningful Change"; "Bulletin Notes"; "Positive Policing Spotlight: Applying the Concept" by Matthew W. Rebuck; and "Addressing Hate Crimes: Seattle's Safe Place Initiative" By Jim Ritter.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2020-11
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New Perspectives: How COVID-19 Has Shifted Sustainability Priorities in the Mobile Sector
From the Overview of Findings: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, for all of its tragic consequences, has brought new awareness of the power and potential of a digitally enabled world, highlighting the key role of mobile operators as providers of connectivity. It is clear from this research that the increased demand and use of digital services, the urgency of the crisis, and steps taken to ensure business continuity have all impacted on sustainability priorities in the mobile sector, in many cases in a more permanent way."
GSMA
2020-11
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Veterans Health Care: Agency Efforts to Provide and Study Prosthetics for Small but Growing Female Veteran Population, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Women are the fastest growing veteran subpopulation, with the number of female veterans using VHA [Veterans Health Administration] health care services increasing 29 percent from 2014 to 2019. Female veterans accounted for an estimated 10 percent of the total veteran population in fiscal year 2019. They are eligible to receive a full range of VHA health care services, including obtaining prosthetics. House Report 115-188 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review VHA's prosthetic services for female veterans. This report examines 1) trends in prosthetics provided by VHA to female veterans; 2) characteristics of the female veteran population with limb loss and how VHA provides prosthetic services to these veterans through its Amputation System of Care; and 3) VHA's research efforts and the challenges that exist in studying prosthetics for female veterans with limb loss."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Comparative Effectiveness Research: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and HHS Continue Activities and Plan New Efforts, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) authorized establishment of PCORI [Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute] to conduct CER [comparative clinical effectiveness research] and improve its quality and relevance. PPACA also established new requirements for HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] to, among other things, disseminate findings from federally funded CER and coordinate federal programs to build data capacity for this research. To fund CER activities, PPACA established the Trust Fund, which provided a total of about $3.6 billion to PCORI and HHS for CER activities during fiscal years 2010 through 2019. The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, added new CER requirements and extended funding at similar levels through fiscal year 2029. PPACA and the Appropriations Act 2020 included provisions that GAO [Government Accountability Office] review PCORI and HHS's CER activities. This report describes (1) the CER activities PCORI and HHS carried out to meet legislative requirements, (2) how PCORI and HHS allocated funding to those CER activities, and (3) PCORI and HHS efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of their CER dissemination and implementation activities, such as changes in medical practice."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Indian Health Service: Actions Needed to Improve Oversight of Federal Facilities' Decision-Making About the Use of Funds, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "IHS [Indian Health Service], an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, provides care to AI/AN [American Indians and Alaska Natives] populations through a system of federally operated and tribally operated health care facilities. AI/AN have experienced long standing problems accessing needed health care services. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported that IHS has not been able to pay for all eligible health care services; however, the resources available to federally operated facilities have recently grown. This report assesses IHS oversight of federal health care facilities' decision-making about the use of funds. GAO reviewed IHS policies and documents; and interviewed IHS officials from headquarters, nine area offices, and three federally operated facilities (two hospitals and one health clinic)."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Drug Misuse: Agencies Have Not Fully Identified How Grants That Can Support Drug Prevention Education Programs Contribute to National Goals, Report to the Congress
From the Highlights: "Most people who develop a substance use disorder begin using substances as adolescents. To reach adolescents, drug prevention programs are frequently provided in schools. [Department of] Education, HHS [Department of Health and Human Services], and ONDCP [Office of National Drug Control Policy] manage most federal programs that support school-based drug prevention activities. This report (1) describes how Education, HHS, and ONDCP support drug prevention activities in schools, and monitor those efforts and (2) examines the extent to which these agencies identify how their prevention activities support the National Drug Control Strategy."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Defense Production Act: Opportunities Exist to Increase Transparency and Identify Future Actions to Mitigate Medical Supply Chain Issues, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has put the U.S. health care system under severe strain, including affecting the federal government's ability to buy and maintain critical medical supplies to treat patients and protect health care workers. In March 2020 agencies began using DPA [Defense Production Act] authorities to rapidly obtain and expand domestic production of medical supplies for COVID-19. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act provided the Department of Defense (DOD) $1 billion for DPA purchases related to COVID-19. HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] also reported using some of the $8.4 billion it obligated to buy supplies and replenish the Strategic National Stockpile to increase domestic production of medical supplies, which GAO [Government Accountability Office] refers to as similar actions. The CARES Act includes a provision for GAO to monitor funds provided for the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines (1) federal agencies' use of these actions to address COVID-19, and (2) the federal approach for using DPA and similar actions for medical supplies, among other issues."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Distance Learning: Challenges Providing Services to K-12 English Learners and Students with Disabilities During COVID-19, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, almost all school districts rapidly shifted to distance learning in spring of the 2019-2020 school year. This shift laid bare both the logistical and instructional challenges of distance learning, particularly for English learners and students with disabilities, both of whom have faced persistent achievement gaps. This work was conducted as part of GAO's [Government Accountability Office] COVID-19 monitoring and oversight responsibilities under the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act. It examines what is known about the challenges of and lessons learned from providing distance learning to English learners and students with disabilities during school building closures in spring 2020."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic and Family Violence Services, Australia
From the Executive Summary: "Early during the pandemic, Australian healthcare and women's safety professionals predicted an 'impending increase' in domestic violence [...]. Advocates also reported concerns about increased complexities and challenges in assisting victims/survivors amidst COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. On the strength of these concerns, a research team from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Centre for Justice conducted a nation-wide survey on the impact of COVID-19 on the domestic and family violence (DFV) workforce."
Queensland University of Technology. Centre for Justice
Carrington, Kerry; Morley, Christine; Warren, Shane . . .
2020-11
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Free to Think: Report of the Scholars at Risk Academic Freedom Monitoring Project
From the Executive Summary: "Attacks on scholars, students, staff, and their institutions occur with alarming frequency. Around the world, state and non-state actors, including armed militant and extremist groups, police and military forces, government authorities, off-campus groups, and even members of higher education communities, among others, carry out these attacks. They harm the individuals and institutions directly targeted. They undermine entire higher education systems by impairing the quality of teaching, research, and discourse on campus. They shrink everyone's space to think, question, and share ideas freely and safely, constricting public discourse and damaging social, political, cultural, and economic development from which everyone stands to benefit."
Scholars at Risk
2020-11
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Paying for the Pandemic and a Just Transition
From the Document: "Whether it's rehousing millions of displaced people in Bangladesh, or injecting trillions into the global economy to keep things afloat during the pandemic, the costs of these crises will continue to mount. As the debts rise, many will be asking, 'Who is going to pay for all this?' This report answers this question by bringing together ten progressive proposals that could pay for the costs of the pandemic and finance a just transition to a better world. In the words of economist Jayati Ghosh, this transition requires a 'global multicoloured new deal: red, green and purple'. Red - to fight against extreme wealth inequality, consolidation of corporate power and global poverty. Green - to prevent the imminent breakdown of ecological systems. Purple - to put essential care work at the center of our economic value system, acknowledging that working-class women across the world carry the heaviest burden of these crises. This report starts by looking at the costs of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and estimates of what finance we would need to implement some of this multicolored new deal, before outlining ten progressive proposals that could cover these expenditures. What makes these proposals progressive is that they are designed to make those with the broadest shoulders pay."
Transnational Institute
Tippet, Ben
2020-11
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Scientific [Self] Isolation: International Trends in Misinformation and the Departure from the Scientific Debate
From the Abstract: "The digital environment became a central arena for political disputes around the world and, as such, has been subject to various disinformation campaigns. False or misleading information has populated online discussions and has circulated across different countries. Disinformation is both a global and regional phenomenon; while some false claims travel through the internet, other claims are directly related to regional beliefs and political narratives. This report analyzes trends in disinformation across different countries, evaluating different patterns to understand how countries position themselves with regards to mis and disinformation related to the pandemic."
UNESCO
Machado, Caio C. Vieira; Santos, João Guilherme; Santos, Nina . . .
2020-11
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Building a New Regional Migration System: Redefining U.S. Cooperation with Mexico and Central America
From the Executive Summary: "One of the most important challenges the Biden administration will face when it takes office will be how to address regional cooperation around migration. While the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has severely limited mobility through the region and beyond, and will likely demand much of the new administration's initial focus, migration is an enduring if ever-shifting regional phenomenon and demands intelligent management. Large-scale unauthorized migration from Central America and, to a lesser extent, Mexico is driven by a variety of forces, and migrants themselves have a range of humanitarian, economic, and other personal reasons for moving. An enforcement-only approach to migration management on the part of the United States, which in recent years has been centered on limiting access to asylum and forcing cooperation from other countries in the region, may work for short periods of time, but is unlikely to be sustainable."
Migration Policy Institute
Ruiz Soto, Ariel G.; Selee, Andrew D.
2020-11
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Affordable Care Act and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis
From the Abstract: "Did Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act affect the course of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic? We answer this question using a regression discontinuity design for counties near the borders of states that expanded Medicaid with states that did not. Relevant covariates change continuously across the Medicaid expansion frontier. We find that 1) health insurance changes discontinuously at the frontier, 2) COVID-19 cases do not change discontinuously at the frontier but the precision of this estimate is low, 3) COVID-19 deaths do not change discontinuously at the frontier and the confidence intervals exclude large declines in deaths in Medicaid expansion areas, 4) smart thermometer readings of fever rates from Kinsa, Inc. do not change discontinuously at the frontier, and 5) COVID-19-related doctor visits discontinuously increase in Medicaid expansion areas."
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Chakrabarti, Rajashri; Meyerson, Lindsay; Nober, William . . .
2020-11
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Is the Coronavirus Catalyzing New Civic Collaborations for Open Government?
From the Summary: "From Africa to Latin America to Europe, the coronavirus pandemic has generated a surge in public demand for government transparency and accountability. To 'seize this window for reform', elite and grassroots civic actors concerned with open governance must overcome the cleavage that has long existed between them. Thus far, the pandemic has catalyzed some new civic collaborations, 'but not at the scale or depth needed' to seize that window. In general, civil society groups report feeling more isolated during the pandemic. In some places, the urgency of tackling open government issues during the pandemic has helped overcome that isolation 'by deepening partnerships among existing networks'. But in other places, those partnerships have 'yet to take shape, and new alliances are less likely to form' without the benefit of face-to-face interactions. Even the partnerships that have crystallized or deepened do not appear to be changing the fundamental roles of elite and grassroots civic actors. It is possible that this shift may happen over time. Or it may be that the pandemic alone is not enough to dislodge structural barriers to deeper cooperation."
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Bellows, Abigail; Zohdy, Nada
2020-11
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Air Pollution: Opportunities to Better Sustain and Modernize the National Air Quality Monitoring System, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "The national ambient air quality monitoring system shows that the United States has made progress in reducing air pollution but that risks to public health and the environment continue in certain locations. The system consists of sites that measure air pollution levels around fixed locations across the country using specific methods. Since the system began in the 1970s, air quality concerns have changed--such as increased concern about the health effects of air toxics. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to evaluate the national air quality monitoring system. This report examines the role of the system and how it is managed, challenges in managing the system and actions to address them, and needs for additional air quality information and actions to address challenges in meeting those needs."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Compendium of Research on Violence Against Women: 1993-2018
This document, "Compendium of Research on Violence Against Women: 1993-2018," is divided into the following categories A-K: Category A: Justice and Related Systems; Category B: Definition & Measurement; Category C: Epidemiology; Category D: Social and Cultural Content; Category E: Trafficking in Persons; Category F: VAWA [Violence Against Women Act] Evaluations; Category G: Synthesis of Existing Information; Category H: NIJ [National Institute of Justice] Jointly Funded Projects; Category I: Teen Dating Violence; Category J: Violence Against Indian Women; and Category K: Special Projects.
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
2020-11
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COVID-19 Winter Plan
From the Introduction: "The UK Government's COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Winter Plan presents a programme for suppressing the virus, protecting the NHS [National Health Service] and the vulnerable, keeping education and the economy going and providing a route back to normality."
Great Britain. HM Government
2020-11
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Profiting from the Pandemic: Moderating COVID-19 Lockdown Protest, Scam, and Health Disinformation Websites
From the Summary: "This data memo examines the infrastructural support for controversial COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] websites that (1) protest public health measures such as lockdowns, (2) promote COVID-19 scams, frauds and profiteering, and (3) disseminate disinformation about public health. What hosting, functionality, and networking services do these controversial websites rely upon? We systematically use an open source toolkit to investigate a wide array of third-party and infrastructure services that generate revenue for technology firms from websites with content that are targets of takedowns or other forms of content moderation. First, we find that Google, GoDaddy and Cloudflare are among the single largest firm providing infrastructural support. Second, Google and Facebook are among the single largest firms providing a vast array of third party technology services. Finally, we find that websites utilize behavioral analytics, tracker systems, and cross-platform integration tools that connect them back to large technology firms in multiple ways. We demonstrate how firms up and down the technology stack profits from contentious COVID-19 websites, even after steps such as ad removals or content moderation."
Oxford Internet Institute. Project on Computational Propaganda
Au, Yung; Howard, Philip N.
2020-11
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Profiting from the Pandemic: Online Supplement
This is the online supplement to the Computational Propaganda Project report "Profiting from the Pandemic: Moderating COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Lockdown Protest, Scam, and Health Disinformation Websites."
Oxford Internet Institute. Project on Computational Propaganda
Au, Yung; Howard, Philip N.
2020-11?
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Physical Proximity to Others in California's Workplaces: Occupational Estimates and Demographic and Job Characteristics
From the Introduction: "California's success in containing the coronavirus and saving lives will rest on our collective ability to sustain rigorous public health measures, supplement federal safety net programs to reduce economic pain, and establish and enforce robust workplace safety regulations. From the standpoint of the labor market, two challenges stand out. First, the workplace has emerged as a central site of infection transmission. [...] As more and more workers return to work, policymakers need to understand the full range of jobs at risk of infection. Second, it is clear that the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is exacerbating deep health and labor market inequalities for communities of color. As is true nationally, Black and Latino/a infection and mortality rates in California are significantly higher than White rates. Employment in high-risk jobs is undeniably a contributing factor to race-based differences in infection rates, even though insufficient data in the US means that researchers have not been able to directly establish the link so far. In this research brief, we build on our previous research on essential workers, but use new data and broaden the analysis to the full range of occupations in the California labor market to help answer these questions: As the economy reopens, what levels of COVID-19 exposure risk will workers face when they return to their workplace? What are the demographic characteristics of these workers? And what jobs do they hold?"
University of California, Berkeley. Center for Labor Research and Education
Huang, Kuochih; Lindman, Tom; Bernhardt, Annette D., 1964- . . .
2020-11
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Human Trafficking: Agencies Have Taken Steps to Strengthen International Anti-Trafficking Projects, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Human trafficking, a multi-billion dollar industry, is a pervasive problem throughout the world. In addition to harming its victims, it imposes social and public health costs and undermines government authority. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on programs conducted by specific agencies, including State [Department of State], USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development], and DOL [Department of Labor], which address trafficking in persons. This report (1) describes recent international anti-trafficking in persons projects that key U.S. agencies have awarded to implementing partners; (2) describes State's Program to End Modern Slavery, and the extent to which State conducted oversight for subaward selection; (3) describes agencies' U.S. international anti-trafficking project evaluation efforts, including actions agencies are taking to address challenges to such evaluations; and (4) examines the extent to which agencies used selected midterm evaluations to strengthen ongoing projects, among other things."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Rule of Law Assistance: State and USAID Could Improve Monitoring Efforts, Report to the Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues, Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Rule of law strengthens protection of fundamental rights and serves as a foundation for democratic governance and economic growth. According to State [U.S. Department of State], strengthening judicial and legal systems in certain countries is vital to U.S. national security interests. State and USAID [U.S. Agency for International Development] allocated over $2.7 billion for rule of law assistance overseas from fiscal years 2014 through 2018. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review monitoring and evaluation of U.S. rule of law assistance around the world. This report examines, among other objectives, the extent to which the agencies followed key practices for monitoring rule of law projects in selected countries, and processes agencies have in place to use evaluations to inform future rule of law assistance."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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COVID and Corrections: A Profile of COVID Deaths in Custody in Texas
From the Introduction: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has had a uniquely devastating impact on prisons and jails across the country. [...] Provided here are figures to help establish a shared understanding of the problem's scope and a starting place for discussion about potential policy responses. The brief begins with some key datapoints for easy reference. Then, we provide an overview of the death toll of incarcerated people and people who staff Texas prisons and jails. We compare Texas' prison deaths as a proportion of the prison population and infection rates with those for the state as a whole, the nation overall, and some peer prison systems in other jurisdictions. Next is an analysis of the demographics of people who died in terms of their age and race. We then briefly examine the legal status of those who died in custody, including their conviction status, sentences, parole eligibility, and conviction offense. By presenting this information, we hope to create a more detailed picture of the toll of COVID in Texas prisons and jails. The context and implications of the data will be examined in a future report. This brief covers only state-operated prisons and county-operated jails."
Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs
Deitch, Michele; Welch, Alycia; Bucknall, William . . .
2020-11
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Aviation Certification: FAA Needs to Strengthen Its Design Review Process for Small Airplanes, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] is undergoing a major change in how it reviews and certifies the designs of small airplanes. The Small Airplane Revitalization Act of 2013 directed FAA to streamline its design reviews to improve safety, regulatory cost burden, innovation, and technology adoption. In 2016, FAA shifted from prescriptive design requirements to performance-based regulations. The FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 directed GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review FAA's implementation of these regulations. This report examines: (1) FAA's implementation of performance-based safety regulations for small airplanes and (2) FAA's efforts to measure the effect of these regulations on safety, regulatory cost burden, innovation, and technology adoption."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Trade-Offs of Remote Work: Building a More Resilient Workplace for the Post-COVID-19 World
From the Executive Summary: "Before the pandemic, remote work in America was a luxury reserved for just 7 percent of the workforce, mostly highly educated and highly paid knowledge workers. Then, in a matter of weeks, COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] forced virtually every industry, employer, and worker to transform their approach to work by shifting to an almost entirely remote model. It will be years before we fully understand how this shift has affected the economy, individual industries, and employees. This report seeks to outline the positive and negative trade-offs of remote work for employers and employees. We hope to improve the collective understanding of the existing research on remote work and some of the immediate impacts of COVID-19 and point the way toward areas of needed research."
American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research
Orrell, Brent; Leger, Matthew
2020-11