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Nation's Fiscal Health: Federal Action Critical to Pivot Toward Fiscal Sustainability, Annual Report to Congress
From the Highlights: "The federal government faces an unsustainable fiscal future. At the end of fiscal year 2021, debt held by the public was about 100 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), a 33 percent increase from fiscal year 2019. Projections from the Office of Management and Budget and the Department of the Treasury, the Congressional Budget Office, and GAO [Government Accountability Office] all show that current fiscal policy is unsustainable over the long term. Debt held by the public is projected to reach its historical high of 106 percent of GDP within 10 years and continue to grow at an increasing pace. This ratio could reach 217 percent of GDP by 2050, absent any change in fiscal policy. The underlying conditions driving this unsustainable fiscal outlook existed well before the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic and continue to pose serious challenges if not addressed."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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DHS Contracts: Opportunities Exist to Improve Oversight and Monitoring of Urgent Noncompetitive Awards, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Agencies are permitted to award contracts without full and open competition, such as when the unusual and compelling urgency of the agency's circumstances justify limiting competition. But past GAO [Government Accountability Office] work found problems with various agencies' use and oversight of contracts awarded citing the urgency exception to competition. GAO was asked to review this issue within DHS. GAO examined (1) trends in DHS's use of the urgency exception from fiscal years 2016 through 2020; (2) selected DHS components' reasons for using this exception and whether their use of justifications and approvals met acquisition regulations and policies; and (3) whether selected DHS components monitored and documented the performance of urgent, noncompeted contracts."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Capitol Attack: Federal Agencies' Use of Open Source Data and Related Threat Products Prior to January 6, 2021, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Open source data indicated that the potential for violence at the U.S. Capitol appeared online months prior to the attack on January 6, 2021. Law enforcement agencies may use posts on social media platforms and other open source information to identify potential criminal activity, to develop 'threat products,' and to conduct criminal investigations. Agencies must consider the protection of privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties when collecting and sharing this information. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review information related to the January 6 Capitol attack. This is the fifth in a series of reports on aspects of the attack. This report addresses what open source data selected federal agencies obtained and shared, as well as threat products they developed that leveraged such data related to the events of January 6. To conduct this work, GAO reviewed open source data that agencies obtained and shared, as well as threat products that leveraged the data. Agencies in GAO's review included those within DHS; the Departments of Justice and the Interior; Architect of the Capitol; U.S. Capitol Police; House and Senate Sergeants at Arms; and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, as they had specific roles in preparing for the planned events of January 6. GAO interviewed officials from Facebook, Parler, and Twitter about the extent to which they shared information with agencies. GAO selected social media platforms based on, for example, if they had appeared in threat products. This report is a public version of a sensitive report issued in February 2022. Information that agencies deemed sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Military Depots: DOD Strategy for Addressing Deteriorating Facilities and Equipment is Incomplete, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The Department of Defense (DOD) operates industrial installations known as depots to maintain, overhaul, and repair its weapon systems and equipment. Depots are crucial to supporting readiness by repairing critical systems and returning them to the warfighter. GAO [Government Accountability Office] found in 2019 that the poor condition of depot facilities and equipment contributed to a decline in depot performance. This adversely affected readiness and incurred hundreds of millions in extra costs. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 included a provision for GAO to assess DOD and service depot improvement plans. This report (1) describes changes to the condition of depot infrastructure since 2016; and evaluates the extent to which (2) the military services address infrastructure challenges, and (3) the DOD depot improvement plan included all required elements."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Pandemic Learning: As Students Struggled to Learn, Teachers Reported Few Strategies as Particularly Helpful to Mitigate Learning Loss, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic disrupted learning for millions of students, educators, and families who had to navigate modified in-person and virtual schooling, often in difficult circumstances. The pandemic's effects continue to reverberate across the nation and produce challenges for schools that will likely be felt for years to come. In many respects, the 2020-21 school year offered useful insights that may help schools, educators, and parents in the future. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on its ongoing COVID-19 monitoring and oversight efforts. GAO also conducted this work in response to a provision in the conference report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 2021. This report, which is the first in a series of reports, examines (1) obstacles to learning during school year 2020- 21, and (2) strategies to mitigate learning loss. GAO examines these topics overall, by grade level, and by instructional model (in-person, virtual, or hybrid)."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: May 2022
This May 2022 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following content: "Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, Police Department"; "Patch Call: Pennsylvania State Police"; "Preventing Attacks Using Targeted Violence Manifestos"; "Preventing Attacks Using Targeted Violence Manifestos"; "Perspective: Lights On!"; "Community Outreach Spotlight: FBI Explorers"; "Bulletin Reports: Causes of School Violence"; and "Bulletin Notes."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2022-05
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Border Security: CBP Could Improve How it Categorizes Drug Seizure Data and Evaluates Training, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] is responsible for securing the nation's borders and preventing the illegal flow of people, contraband, and drugs from entering the U.S. CBP has an important role in national efforts to prevent the use of illicit drugs and the misuse of prescription drugs. Specifically, CBP is responsible for interdicting drugs and working with other federal agencies to prevent their importation. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review issues related to CBP's drug seizure data and training. This report examines (1) how CBP collects and categorizes drug seizure data in its systems and monitors trends in drug seizures, and (2) to what extent CBP trains its officers and agents on the process for recording drug seizures and evaluates its training."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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GPS Modernization: Better Information and Detailed Test Plans Needed for Timely Fielding of Military User Equipment, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The Air Force launched the first GPS [Global Positioning System] satellite capable of broadcasting the jam-resistant M-code [military code] signal in 2005. However, delays have plagued the ground and user equipment segments needed to take advantage of the technology. The Senate Report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on the status of GPS modernization. This report assesses, among other things, the extent to which DOD has identified systems to field with M-code-capable equipment, and its plans for the procurement, installation, and fielding of this equipment."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Transforming Aviation: Stakeholders Identified Issues to Address for 'Advanced Air Mobility', Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Proponents of AAM [Advanced Air Mobility] have said that services using small electrically powered aircraft that can take off and land vertically could reduce urban congestion, speed cargo delivery, and provide lifesaving medical transportation. AAM would do so by using aircraft that are intended to be simpler to design and construct, easier to fly, quieter, and less expensive to operate than traditional aircraft. However, industry stakeholders and Members of Congress have raised questions about realizing AAM's implementation, particularly in an aerospace sector that already struggles to attract and retain personnel. The explanatory statement to the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to examine the AAM industry's workforce needs. This report describes stakeholders' views on: (1) issues in implementing widespread AAM operations; (2) challenges in developing a skilled AAM industry workforce, and (3) projected timeframes for development of the AAM industry."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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2022 Annual Report: Additional Opportunities to Reduce Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication and Achieve Billions of Dollars in Financial Benefits, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] issues annual reports on federal programs, agencies, offices, and initiatives--either within departments or government-wide--that have duplicative goals or activities. As part of this work, GAO also identifies additional opportunities for greater efficiency and effectiveness that result in cost savings or enhanced revenue collection. This report discusses new opportunities for achieving billions of dollars in financial savings and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a wide range of federal programs. It also evaluates progress in addressing actions identified in GAO's previous 11 annual reports. In addition, the report provides examples of open actions where further steps by Congress and executive branch agencies could yield significant financial and non-financial benefits."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Review of Department of State Evacuations from Wuhan, China in Response to COVID-19
From the Summary of Review: "OIG [Office of Inspector General] undertook this review in response to a request made in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. [Public Law] 116-260). The request, detailed in the House Committee on Appropriations report (House Report 116-444), directed OIG to assess the Department of State's (Department) handling of repatriation flights from Wuhan, China, in response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic in early 2020. Congress asked that the review include the Department's interagency coordination, its coordination with state and local officials, its communication with the general public, and its implementation of screening and quarantine protocols for those on the Wuhan evacuation flights. OIG also reviewed the Department's communication with Congress and the extent to which the Department conducted lessons learned reviews or other internal assessments following the Wuhan evacuation flights to improve future pandemic emergency preparedness. Overall, OIG concluded that the Department carried out evacuations of over 800 Americans and others from Wuhan effectively and in accordance with applicable policies and guidelines. OIG found Department personnel coordinated with interagency partners at numerous levels in Washington and in China in planning and carrying out the Wuhan evacuation flights. However, the Department struggled to deliver accurate flight manifests to partner agencies. [...] In carrying out its review, OIG made three observations that, if addressed, could help improve the Department's handling of evacuations in the future: (1) the role of the Department's crisis manager needs further definition, (2) preparation of flight manifests needs more attention, and (3) use of social media during crises needs improvement. These observations are discussed in more detail in the report."
United States. Department of State. Office of the Inspector General
2022-05
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National Strategy for Combating Terrorist and Other Illicit Financing [May 2022]
From the Introduction: "Illicit finance activity in the United States or transiting the U.S. financial system poses a systemic challenge to our financial integrity and national security. It distorts markets and victimizes ordinary Americans. [...] The National Strategy for Combating Terrorist and Other Illicit Financing (2022 Strategy) will guide U.S. government efforts to effectively address the most significant illicit finance threats and risks to the U.S. financial system. It is organized around the principle that a strong and transparent financial system that denies illicit actors access to the funds and resources they need to carry out harmful activities, or to profit from their crimes, supports equitable economic growth, strengthens U.S. national security, and protects Americans. The 2022 Strategy takes into account changes to the illicit finance risk environment and major deficiencies in the U.S. AML/CFT [anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism] regime. These include: the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, ransomware attacks, an opioid-driven overdose epidemic, domestic violent extremism (DVE), corruption, the increased digitization of payments and financial services, and the enactment of significant new requirements to the U.S. AML/CFT framework. More recently, this also includes Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the unprecedented international sanctions and economic pressure campaign that have occurred in response."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2022-05
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Community Connected Health Stakeholder Engagement Summary Report
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic illuminated continuing, substantial limitations in the U.S. healthcare systems, including profound disparities in access to health care and associated poorer health outcomes within certain communities. Yet the pandemic has also provided an opportunity for innovation in health care delivery across the U.S. and internationally, particularly in community-based settings. As part of the Biden-Harris Administration's effort to address long-standing barriers to achieving health equity and OSTP's [Office of Science and Technology Policy] mission to maximize the benefits of science and technology to advance health and its charge to drive innovation in health care and improve health for all Americans, OSTP launched the 'Community Connected Health' initiative in January 2022 with a series of stakeholder engagements. The goal of the Community Connected Health initiative is to combine community-based approaches to health care, with the power of digital health technologies, to lower the barriers to health care access and provide healthier lives for all Americans, especially those currently underserved."
United States. White House Office; United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
2022-05
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Coronavirus Vaccine Manufacturing Failures of Emergent Biosolutions
From the Executive Summary: "This staff report was prepared for Rep. Carolyn B. Maloney, Chairwoman of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, and Rep. James E. Clyburn, Chairman of the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, following an investigation into the Trump Administration's award of a multimillion-dollar contract to Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (Emergent) to manufacture coronavirus vaccines despite a history of serious deficiencies. The report includes the following key findings: 'Nearly 400 million doses of coronavirus vaccines have been destroyed as a result of Emergent's failure to meet or maintain quality standards.' [...] 'Emergent executives promoted the company's manufacturing capabilities despite being warned of severe deficiencies.' [...] 'FDA, Johnson & Johnson, and AstraZeneca identified multiple deficiencies at Bayview, which Emergent failed to remediate despite urgent warnings.' [...] 'Inexperienced staff and high staff turnover contributed to vaccine contamination.' [...] 'HHS terminated its contract with Emergent because the company failed to follow federal manufacturing standards.'"
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Reform. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis
Maloney, Carolyn; Clyburn, James E.
2022-05
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'Now to Get Rid of Those Pesky Health Departments!' How the Trump Administration Helped the Meatpacking Industry Block Pandemic Worker Protections
From the Executive Summary: "This staff report presents findings from an investigation conducted by the Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis into the meatpacking industry's response to the coronavirus pandemic. The Select Subcommittee launched this investigation following reports that meatpacking companies refused to take adequate coronavirus precautions to protect their workers during the first year of the pandemic, resulting in mass illness and death. Last year, the Select Subcommittee found that during the first year of the pandemic, infections and deaths among workers for five of the largest meatpacking companies--Tyson Foods, Inc. (Tyson), JBS USA Holdings, Inc. (JBS), Smithfield Foods (Smithfield), Cargill, Inc. (Cargill), and National Beef Packing Company LLC (National Beef)--were significantly higher than previously estimated, with over 59,000 workers for these companies being infected with the coronavirus and at least 269 dying. Internal meatpacking industry documents reviewed by the Select Subcommittee now illustrate that despite awareness of the high risks of coronavirus spread in their plants, meatpacking companies engaged in a concerted effort with Trump Administration political officials to insulate themselves from coronavirus-related oversight, to force workers to continue working in dangerous conditions, and to shield themselves from legal liability for any resulting worker illness or death."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Reform. Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis
2022-05
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Report on the Troubled Asset Relief Program--May 2022
From the Document: "In October 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (division A of Public Law 110-343) established the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to enable the Department of the Treasury to promote stability in financial markets through the purchase and guarantee of 'troubled assets.' Section 202 of that legislation, as amended, requires annual reports from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on the costs of the program. The law also requires the Congressional Budget Office to submit its own report within 45 days of the issuance of OMB's report each year. CBO's assessment must discuss three elements: [1] The costs of purchases and guarantees of troubled assets, [2] Information CBO collects and the valuation methods it uses to calculate those costs, and [3] The program's effects on the federal budget deficit and debt."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-05
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COVID-19: FDA Took Steps to Help Make Tests Available, Policy for Future Public Health Emergencies Needed, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "Diagnostic testing for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is critical to tracking the virus, informing treatment, and suppressing transmission. However, because COVID-19 is caused by a novel virus, no test existed at the beginning of the pandemic. Typically, medical devices, such as diagnostic tests, must be approved or cleared by FDA [Food and Drug Administration] before they can be offered. However, FDA's EUA [emergency use authorization] authority requires a lower level of evidence than the effectiveness standard normally required for FDA product approval; therefore, it can help tests become available in a shorter amount of time. Test developers submit EUA requests to FDA that include data on a test's performance, and FDA reviews the data to determine whether to grant an EUA. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review FDA's oversight of tests for COVID-19. This report examines, among other things, 1) the actions FDA took to help make COVID-19 tests available for use, 2) the number of tests FDA authorized and those for which it exercised enforcement discretion, and 3) FDA's monitoring of these tests after they were available for use. GAO reviewed agency documentation, and interviewed FDA and associations that represent test developers. [...] GAO recommends that FDA develop a policy for the use of enforcement discretion regarding unauthorized tests in future public health emergencies. This policy should include the conditions under which FDA would begin and end the use of such discretion. The Department of Health and Human Services concurred with our recommendation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Audit of the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Anti-Heroin Task Force Program
From the Executive Summary: "The objectives of this audit were to: (1) assess the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) administration and oversight of the Anti-Heroin Task Force (AHTF) Program, (2) determine the extent to which the AHTF Program has been successful in reducing the use of heroin and other opioids in participating jurisdictions, and (3) review coordination efforts between the COPS Office and other Department of Justice (DOJ) entities to combat the heroin and opioid crisis. [...] While the COPS Office has an array of memoranda, manuals, and program-specific award guides to help direct its work, it does not have a written standard operating procedure (SOP) that details divisional policies and procedures for administering AHTF Program awards. Prior to fiscal year (FY) 2020, AHTF Program performance measures did not align with the program's authorizing legislation or goals, and AHTF progress reports did not capture information about critical AHTF Program activities. Lastly, the COPS Office needs to improve its collaboration with other DOJ components to enhance overall DOJ anti-drug program effectiveness. [...] Our report contains four recommendations to assist the COPS Office in improving its administration and oversight of AHTF Program awards."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2022-05
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COVID-19: IRS Implemented Tax Relief for Employers Quickly, but Could Strengthen Its Compliance Efforts, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic resulted in significant challenges to the U.S. economy, leading to business closures. The employment tax relief measures Congress passed to help businesses affected by the pandemic were estimated to result in about $237.8 billion in foregone revenue for fiscal years 2021-2031. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on the federal government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes IRS [Internal Revenue Service]'s efforts in implementing the employment tax provisions. The report also evaluates IRS's plans and actions to identify compliance risks for the provisions."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Communicating Public Health Guidance to Cases and Contacts: Recommendations for COVID-19 Case Investigators and Contact Tracers
From the Introduction: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has devastated communities both in the United States and abroad. The fear, uncertainty, and trauma caused by the pandemic also affect how individuals interpret public health messages. It is important for case investigators and contact tracers to understand how this stress affects a person's ability to understand public health messages, and to tailor their communications accordingly. This brief outlines actions that case investigators and contact tracers may take to communicate effectively."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2022-05
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Public Health's Use of Digital Tools During COVID-19
"This brief describes decision-making amongst health agency leaders and their informatics staff as they selected and implemented digital resources to support COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic response. We also describe 'ASTHO's [Association of State and Territorial Health Officials] COVID-19 Technology & Digital Tools Inventory' as a supplement health agency leaders used in decision-making."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2022-05
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Tailoring Messages for Cross-Cultural Communication: Recommendations for COVID-19 Case Investigators and Contact Tracers
From the Introduction: "Case investigators and contact tracers must understand and adapt to the culture of people with COVID 19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and their close contacts to conduct effective interviews and follow-up. 'Culture' refers to the learned and shared behavior of a community of people who interact with one another. A person's culture may be influenced by a several factors, including those listed in the image below. Culture helps shape a person's values, relationships, and understanding of the world around them. For example, some cultures may have different attitudes or beliefs about COVID-19 transmission, vaccination or treatment Culturp may affect a person's willingness to identify close contacts or provide a description of those contacts. It may also affect how person understands and communicates their symptoms, or influence their beliefs about authority figures, healthcare professionals, and public health."
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2022-05
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Tribal Funding: Actions Needed to Improve Information on Federal Funds That Benefit Native Americans, Report to the Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "Federal law requires federal agencies to provide a variety of services to tribes and their members. GAO [Government Accountability Office] refers to the need for these services--as defined by tribes, tribal members, and other tribal organizations that administer federal programs or grants for tribes and their members--collectively as tribal needs. In 2018, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights reported that the federal government does not keep complete records of federal funding for programs serving tribes. OMB [Office of Management and Budget] publishes a crosscut on federal funding for programs that benefit Native Americans, but tribal stakeholders have expressed concerns about its transparency. This report examines (1) information the crosscut provides and reported challenges with using it and (2) the extent to which federal agencies obtain tribal input and reflect tribal needs during budget formulation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Defense Cybersecurity: Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information Systems, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "DOD computer systems contain vast amounts of sensitive data, including CUI [controlled unclassified information] that can be vulnerable to cyber incidents. In 2015, a phishing attack on the Joint Chiefs of Staff unclassified email servers resulted in an 11-day shutdown while cyber experts rebuilt the network. This affected the work of roughly 4,000 military and civilian personnel. In response to Section 1742 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, in June 2021 DOD submitted a report to the Congress on cybersecurity of CUI. The report discussed the extent to which DOD had implemented selected cybersecurity requirements across the department. The act included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review DOD's report, and GAO has continued to monitor the department's subsequent progress. This report describes 1) the status of DOD components' implementation of selected CUI cybersecurity requirements; and 2) actions taken by DOD CIO [Chief Information Officer] to address the security of CUI systems."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management Practices for Systems and Organizations
From the Abstract: "Organizations are concerned about the risks associated with products and services that may potentially contain malicious functionality, are counterfeit, or are vulnerable due to poor manufacturing and development practices within the supply chain. These risks are associated with an enterprise's decreased visibility into and understanding of how the technology they acquire is developed, integrated, and deployed or the processes, procedures, standards, and practices used to ensure the security, resilience, reliability, safety, integrity, and quality of the products and services. This publication provides guidance to organizations on identifying, assessing, and mitigating cybersecurity risks throughout the supply chain at all levels of their organizations. The publication integrates cybersecurity supply chain risk management (C-SCRM) into risk management activities by applying a multilevel, C-SCRM-specific approach, including guidance on the development of C-SCRM strategy implementation plans, C-SCRM policies, C-SCRM plans, and risk assessments for products and services."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Boyens, Jon; Smith, Angela; Bartol, Nadya . . .
2022-05
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Nuclear Security Enterprise: NNSA Could Enhance Its Evaluation of Manufacturingrelated R&D Performance, Report to the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration] is in the midst of a major effort to modernize its nuclear weapons and supporting infrastructure. As part of this effort, NNSA and its sites in the nuclear security enterprise support a variety of R&D [research and development] projects. These projects explore new manufacturing methods or alternatives to manufacturing processes that may be inefficient, unsafe, or obsolete. The House report accompanying the Fiscal Year 2021 National Defense Authorization Act included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review NNSA's manufacturing-related R&D programs. This report (1) describes the manufacturing-related R&D projects underway at NNSA sites and (2) assesses the extent to which NNSA's management of its manufacturingrelated R&D projects follow leading practices."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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Science & Tech Spotlight: Alternative Data Storage Technologies
From the Document: "Alternative data storage technologies--such as synthetic DNA and etched glass--are in development to meet growing demand. Current data storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes, DVDs [Digital Versatile Disc], and hard drives) are likely insufficient to meet the emerging global data storage needs, which are currently estimated to be around 97 trillion gigabytes. Demand is expected to double by 2025. The plastic and magnetic materials in current storage degrade over time and the technologies become obsolete by newer technology, requiring replacement as often as every 3 years. In addition, researchers estimate that by 2040, 2.4 billion kilograms of wafer-grade silicon--a high-purity component of computer chips and storage devices--would be needed to store the world's data. Yet the projected supply is estimated to be only 1 percent of demand. Furthermore, current data storage systems require large, energy-intensive facilities to operate and slow degradation of the storage media. Data centers have a significant environmental impact--reportedly consuming about 2 percent of the world's electricity as of January 2020 and potentially reaching 8 percent by 2030."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2022-05
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 29, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy and Mortality at Delivery Hospitalization -- United States, 2017-2019"; "Public Health Actions to Control Measles Among Afghan Evacuees During Operation Allies Welcome -- United States, September-November 2021"; "Provisional Mortality Data -- United States, 2021"; "Provisional COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Ethnicity -- United States, 2020-2021"; "Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Antibodies -- United States, September 2021-February 2022"; "Notes from the Field: Response to Measles Among Persons Evacuated from Afghanistan -- Joint Base McGuire-DixLakehurst, New Jersey, August-October 2021"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Currently Employed Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Had Paid Sick Leave Benefits at Last Week's Job or Business, by Region -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019 and 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-04-29
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 29, 2022: Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children -- Alabama, October 2021-February 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Acute Hepatitis and Adenovirus Infection Among Children -- Alabama, October 2021-February 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-04-29
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7338, Russia Cryptocurrency Transparency Act
From the Document: "H.R. 7338 would require the Department of State to appoint a Director of Digital Currency Security in its Office of Economic Sanctions Policy and Implementation. The director would review and analyze how digital currencies affect the U.S. sanctions regime and coordinate U.S. sanctions policy with the Department of the Treasury. In addition, the bill would require the Department of State to report to the Congress on its use of cryptocurrency to reward individuals who provide information about crimes or terrorist acts. It also would be required to recommend effective ways to provide economic support and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine, including through cryptocurrencies and technology incorporating blockchains. Finally, the department would be required to describe how digital currencies could affect sanctions related to Russia and its invasion of Ukraine."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-04-29
