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Public Health Information Technology: HHS Has Made Little Progress Toward Implementing Enhanced Situational Awareness Network Capabilities, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "A public health event, such as a widespread disease outbreak or health problems resulting from a weather-related emergency, could have catastrophic consequences for the nation. These potential threats can be partially mitigated by having a national public health situational awareness capability--that is, a capability for public health officials to be able to access real-time information about emerging threats to enable them to make timely, responsive decisions to prepare for and respond to emergencies. PAHPRA [Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013] required HHS [Health and Human Services] to establish a near real-time electronic nationwide public health situational awareness capability through an interoperable network of systems. PAHPRA also included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to evaluate HHS's progress in developing such a capability. This report addresses what progress HHS has made toward establishing the network. GAO analyzed documents describing HHS's plan for enhancing public health situational awareness and evaluated evidence of actions taken by HHS to establish the network required by PAHPRA. GAO also examined the department's IT [Information Technology] planning and management processes and guidance, and interviewed HHS officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-09
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Information Security: FDIC Needs to Improve Controls Over Financial Systems and Information, Report to the Chairman, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
From the Highlights: "FDIC [Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation] has a demanding responsibility enforcing banking laws, regulating financial institutions, and protecting depositors. Because of FDIC's reliance on information systems, effective information security controls are essential to ensure that the corporation's systems and information are adequately protected from inadvertent or deliberate misuse, improper modification, unauthorized disclosure, or destruction. As part of its audit of the 2016 and 2015 financial statements of the Deposit Insurance Fund and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation Resolution Fund, which are administered by FDIC, GAO [Government Accountability Office] assessed the effectiveness of the corporation's controls in protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its financial systems and information. To do so, GAO examined security policies, procedures, reports, and other documents; tested controls over key financial applications; and interviewed FDIC personnel. [...] GAO is recommending that FDIC take one action to more fully implement its information security program. In a separate report with limited distribution, GAO made six recommendations to FDIC to address newly identified weaknesses in access and configuration management controls. In commenting on a draft of this report, FDIC agreed with GAO's recommendation and stated that corrective actions to implement the recommendation will be completed by July 2017."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-05-31
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S. Rept. 117-129: Technological Hazards Preparedness and Training Act of 2022, to Accompany S. 4166, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, July 12, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "S. 4166, the Technological Hazards Preparedness and Training Act of 2022, expands the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) preparedness programming capacity to help more communities address technological hazards, such as from radiological or chemical sources. The bill also requires FEMA to identify communities with the highest risk of and vulnerability to a technological hazard in each state, ensure state governments are aware of the threat and the availability of FEMA technical assistance and training to address this threat, and provide an annual report to Congress on the activities taken to implement this bill. It provides FEMA an authorization of appropriations of $20,000,000 for fiscal years 2023 through 2024."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-07-12
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Information Technology: Continued Implementation of High-Risk Recommendations Is Needed to Better Manage Acquisitions, Operations, and Cybersecurity, Statement of David A. Powner, Director Information Technology Management Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittees on Government Operations and Information Technology, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The federal government plans to invest almost $96 billion in IT [information technology] in fiscal year 2018. Historically, IT investments have too often failed or contributed little to mission-related outcomes. Further, increasingly sophisticated threats and frequent cyber incidents underscore the need for effective information security. As a result, GAO [Government Accountability Office] added two areas to its high-risk list: IT security in 1997 and the management of IT acquisitions and operations in 2015. This statement summarizes agencies' progress in improving IT management and ensuring the security of federal IT. It is primarily based on GAO's prior reports issued between February 1997 and May 2018 (and an ongoing review) on (1) CIO [Chief Information Officer] responsibilities, (2) agency CIOs' involvement in approving IT contracts, (3) data center consolidation efforts, (4) the management of software licenses, and (5) compliance with cybersecurity requirements. From fiscal years 2010 through 2015, GAO made about 800 recommendations to OMB [Office of Management and Budget] and federal agencies to address shortcomings in IT acquisitions and operations. Since 2010, GAO also made about 2,700 recommendations to federal agencies to improve the security of federal systems. These recommendations include those to improve the implementation of CIO responsibilities, the oversight of the data center consolidation initiative, software license management efforts, and the strength of security programs and technical controls. Most agencies agreed with these recommendations, and GAO will continue to monitor their implementation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Powner, David A.
2018-05-23
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Veterans Affairs: Addressing IT Management Challenges Is Essential to Effectively Supporting the Department's Mission, Statement of Carol C. Harris, Director Information Technology Management Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Technology Modernization, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives
From the Document: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to summarize key results and recommendations from its work at VA [Department of Veterans Affairs] that examined systems modernization efforts, FITARA [Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act] implementation, and cybersecurity efforts. To do so, GAO reviewed its recently issued reports and incorporated information on the department's actions in response to GAO's recommendations. GAO has made numerous recent recommendations to VA aimed at improving the department's IT [Information Technology] management. VA has generally agreed with the recommendations and has taken steps to address them; however, the department has fully implemented less than half of them. Fully implementing all of GAO's recommendations would help VA ensure that its IT effectively supports the department's mission."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Harris, Carol C.
2019-04-02
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Information Technology: Effective Practices Have Improved Agencies' FITARA Implementation, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Document: "In this report, GAO [Government Accountability Office] identifies practices that agencies have used to effectively implement FITARA [Federal Information Technology Acquisition Reform Act]. GAO selected five provisions of FITARA to review: (1) CIO [Chief Information Officers] authority enhancements; (2) enhanced transparency and improved risk management; (3) portfolio review; (4) data center consolidation; and (5) software purchasing. GAO then selected nine agencies that had success in implementing at least one of the five provisions. GAO compiled practices where at least one agency was better positioned to implement a provision or realized an IT management improvement or cost savings."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-04
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Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol: Law Enforcement Experience on January 6th [Video]
This is the July 27, 2021 video recording of the Select Committee hearing on "Law Enforcement Experience on January 6th." The duration of the video is three hours, thirty-one minutes, and eleven seconds.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol
2021-07-27
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Internet of Things: FCC Should Track Growth to Ensure Sufficient Spectrum Remains Available, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "IoT [Internet of Things] generally refers to devices (or 'things'), such as vehicles and appliances, that use a network to communicate and share data with each other. The increasing popularity of wireless IoT devices that use spectrum has created questions about spectrum needs. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine issues related to spectrum and IoT. This report discusses, among other things, (1) spectrum challenges related to IoT, (2) how the federal government plans for IoT's spectrum needs, and (3) how selected leading countries prepare for IoT's spectrum needs."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-11
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COVID-19 -- Food and Nutrition Service's Pandemic Electronic Benefits Transfer -- Interim Report
From the What OIG [Office of the Inspector General] Found: "The Pandemic Electronic Benefits Transfer (P-EBT), administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), provided benefits loaded on EBT cards for the purchase of food in lieu of the meals that the children would have received in school. The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) authorized the establishment of P-EBT temporary assistance for households with children affected by school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The Secretary authorized $37.1 billion to the States from P-EBT's March 18, 2020, inception through March 31, 2021, with the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) approval. We also found that during the period reviewed, FNS conducted outreach activities--such as webinars, phone calls, and written documentation--to maximize State participation in P-EBT assistance. Finally, FNS did not develop formal procedures to distribute P�'EBT funds because P-EBT provided temporary emergency assistance benefits. Instead, FNS used the legislative eligibility requirements to develop State plan templates and released guidance for State agencies to submit their proposed plans to FNS for approval. We did not identify any issues that would warrant recommendations; therefore, we are not making any recommendations in this report."
United States. Department of Agriculture. Office of the Inspector General
2022-06
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Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol: 06/23/22 Select Committee Hearing [Video]
This is the 06/23/22 Select Committee hearing on "Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol." The duration of the video is two hours, thirty-eight minutes and ten seconds.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol
2022-06-23
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Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol: 06/28/22 Select Committee Hearing [video]
This is the 06/28/22 Select Committee hearing on "Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol." The duration of the video is one hour, fifty-nine minutes and twenty-six seconds.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol
2022-06-28
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Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol: 07/12/22 Select Committee Hearing [video]
This is the July 12, 2022 video recording of the Select Committee hearing on "Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol." The Duration of the video is three hours, seven minutes, and thirty-five seconds.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol
2022-07-12
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Information Technology: OMB Needs to Report on and Improve Its Oversight of the Highest Priority Programs, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The federal government plans to spend almost $96 billion on IT [information technology] investments in fiscal year 2018; however, as the GAO [U.S. Government Accountability Office] has previously found, too often these investments have cost overruns and schedule delays. To enhance oversight of IT programs, for 2015, Congress directed the OMB [Office of Management and Budget] to identify the 10 highest priority IT programs that are under development across federal agencies and report on their status each quarter. Further, for 2016, Congress directed USDS [U.S. Digital Service] to provide a quarterly report of current USDS projects, including the top 10 high priority programs. GAO was asked to review OMB's oversight of high priority programs. This review evaluated (1) OMB's process for identifying, overseeing, and reporting on the high priority IT investment programs and (2) USDS's process for identifying and prioritizing its projects, including its consideration of the high priority programs, and its reporting on the projects. GAO analyzed OMB memorandums and reports to Congress and interviewed OMB staff, including from USDS. In addition, GAO compared USDS's processes with IT management best practices."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-11
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Nuclear Weapons Security Crises: What Does History Teach?
"The past 2 decades have seen an increase in nuclear dangers. Arsenals have been operationalized in India and Pakistan, and China seems to be augmenting its own. North Korea has crossed the nuclear threshold, and Iran seems to be on the way to do so itself. Four hitherto undisclosed--and illegal--nuclear programs were discovered: Iraq in 1991, Iran in 2002, Libya in 2003, and Syria in 2007. Pakistani and North Korean nuclear expertise and technology transfers were also uncovered. Al-Qaeda and other jihadist groups showed an interest in gaining access to nuclear weapons and materials, and some attacked nuclear-related facilities in Pakistan. The security and control of nuclear weapons is thus more important than ever, as witnessed by the political success of two Nuclear Security Summits in Washington (2010) and Seoul (2012). Despite disagreement over budget priorities, the topic enjoys a rare level of bipartisanship in the United States. Much has been written about nuclear accidents and nuclear crises, but much less about the impact of political crises in nuclear-capable states. The goal that Henry Sokolski and I set in undertaking this project was to shed light on the following issue: How do nuclear-capable states behave in times of major political crises?"
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Sokolski, Henry D.; Tertrais, Bruno
2013-07
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S. Rept. 117-128: Disaster Contract Improvement Act, to Accompany S. 3512, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, July 12, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "S. 3512, the Disaster Contract Improvement Act, requires the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Administrator to establish an advisory group comprised of individuals and government entities that engage in debris removal in disaster recovery efforts. The advisory group must determine whether current procedures and guidance in place are sufficient to provide debris removal contract oversight. If current procedures are not sufficient, the bill requires FEMA, in consultation with the advisory group, to develop and implement recommendations to improve current guidance and procedures concerning debris removal contracts. The bill requires FEMA to conduct trainings and outreach on any guidance or support materials developed under this section. The bill also requires the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a study about the use, benefits, and challenges of advance contracts that state, local, and tribal governments have entered into for debris removal. The bill also requires GAO to study the process for setting reimbursement rates for debris removal programs, the use of penalties for violations of law and regulations relating to debris removal, fraud, waste, and abuse relating to debris removal programs; and make recommendations for improvements to oversight and fraud prevention across the debris removal program."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-07-12
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Department of Defense Instruction 1325.06: Handling Protest, Extremist, and Criminal Gang Activities Among Members of the Armed Forces
From the Document: "Establishes DoD policy, assigns responsibilities, and provides procedures for handling protest, extremist, and criminal gang activities by members of the Armed Forces. [...] This Instruction applies to OSD [United States Office of the Secretary of Defense], the Military Departments (including the Coast Guard at all times, including when it is a Service in the Department of Homeland Security by agreement with that Department), the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the Defense Agencies, the DoD Field Activities, and all other organizational entities in the Department of Defense (hereafter referred to collectively as the 'DoD Components')."
United States. Department of Defense
2021-12-20
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H. Rept. 117-404: Virgin Islands Visa Waiver Act of 2022, Report to Accompany H.R. 5460, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, July 12, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 5460, the ''Virgin Islands Visa Waiver Act of 2022,'' would allow the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to create a visa waiver program limited to the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), permitting visitors for tourism, business, or medical purposes from certain countries to enter only the USVI without seeking a visa from the Department of State. A limited visa waiver program already exists for the U.S. territories of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). To determine which countries to include in the USVI Visa Waiver Program, H.R. 5460 authorizes the Secretary to apply the same criteria currently used in the Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program. Such criteria shall include regulatory provisions preventing recalcitrant countries from remaining in the Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program. H.R. 5460 also requires the Secretary to consider countries in the Caribbean Community for inclusion in the USVI Visa Waiver Program, but explicitly prohibits inclusion of countries if such inclusion would increase fraud or abuse in our nonimmigrant visa system."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-07-12
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Cloud Computing: Agencies Have Increased Usage and Realized Benefits, but Cost and Savings Data Need to Be Better Tracked, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Document: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review agencies' reported use of cloud services. This report discusses selected agencies' progress in implementing cloud services, the extent to which those agencies increased cloud service spending and achieved savings or cost avoidances, and examples of agency-reported cloud investments with notable benefits. GAO selected 16 agencies to review based on their fiscal year 2017 IT [information technology] budgets and analyzed their use of cloud services, associated spending and savings data, and guidance for assessing investments for these services. GAO interviewed agency officials in charge of cloud services and reviewed pertinent documents to identify acquisitions with notable benefits. GAO also interviewed OMB [Office of Management and Budget] staff about their agency's role in federal cloud computing and related OMB guidance."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-04
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National Information Assurance Policy for Space Systems Used to Support National Security Missions [November 28, 2012]
"Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-4), 'National Space Policy of the United States of America', (Reference a) reiterates that United States national security is critically dependent upon space capabilities and this dependence will grow. Space activities are also closely linked to the operation of the United States Government's (USG) critical infrastructures and have increasingly been leveraged to satisfy national security requirements. Therefore, increased assurance and resilience are needed for the mission-essential functions of national security space systems, including their supporting infrastructure, to help protect against disruption, degradation, and destruction, whether from environmental, mechanical, electronic, or hostile means. […] The primary objective of this policy is to help ensure the success of national security missions that use space systems, by fully integrating information assurance into the planning, development, design, launch, sustained operation, and deactivation of those space systems used to collect, generate, process, store, display, or transmit national security information, as well as any supporting or related national security systems. Fully addressing information assurance is especially important for the space platform portion of space systems, since any vulnerability in them normally cannot be eliminated once launched."
Committee on National Security Systems
2012-11-28
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Additional Information About the INSULIN Act
From the Document: "This letter provides additional information you requested about how the certification provision in the Improving Needed Safeguards for Users of Lifesaving Insulin Now (INSULIN) Act would affect the prices for insulin and the federal budget. In brief, the Congressional Budget Office finds that the provision would, on average, reduce list prices and cost sharing for insulin products while increasing net prices for insulin products, premiums for health insurance, and federal spending."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Swagel, Phillip
2022-07-22
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Threats to U.S. National Security Interests in Space: Orbital Debris Mitigation and Removal [January 8, 2014]
"After decades of activities in space, Earth's orbit is littered with man-made objects that no longer serve a useful purpose. This includes roughly 22,000 objects larger than the size of a softball and hundreds of thousands of smaller fragments. This population of space debris potentially threatens U.S. national security interests in space, both governmental (military, intelligence, and civil) and commercial. Congress has broadly supported the full-range of these national security interests and has a vested concern in ensuring a strong and continued U.S. presence in space.After decades of activities in space, Earth's orbit is littered with man-made objects that no longer serve a useful purpose. This includes roughly 22,000 objects larger than the size of a softball and
hundreds of thousands of smaller fragments. This population of space debris potentially threatens U.S. national security interests in space, both governmental (military, intelligence, and civil) and commercial. Congress has broadly supported the full-range of these national security interests and has a vested concern in ensuring a strong and continued U.S. presence in space. [...] Congress has an opportunity to explore these issues through hearings, for instance with major stakeholders in the U.S. national security and civil space communities, and the commercial sector. Efforts to find international agreement on mitigation may involve congressional prerogatives on advice and consent, and any program to pursue remediation will likely entail appropriations support from Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hildreth, Steven A.; Arnold, Allison
2014-01-08
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China's Evolving Space Capabilities: Implications for U.S. Interests
"The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made significant advances in its space program and is emerging as a space power. Senior leaders have established space as a national priority and are allocating significant resources toward enhancing the PRC's space-related technology base. With preservation of its monopoly on power as an overriding goal, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) bolsters its legitimacy through achievements in space. Policymakers view space power as one aspect of a broad international competition in comprehensive national strength and science and technology (S&T). Investments in space also serve as a stimulant for economic growth. The manned program in particular enhances CCP prestige and draws international attention to the country's expanding technology base. Without a clearly defined civilian space program, such as that managed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the PRC (hereafter also referred to as 'China') integrates civil and military uses of space. China's space ambitions are in part peaceful in nature. Yet technologies can also be used with ill-intent. The PLA is rapidly improving its space and counterspace capabilities in order to advance CCP interests and defend against perceived challenges to sovereignty and territorial integrity. Because Taiwan's democratic system of government -- an alternative to mainland China's authoritarian model -- presents an existential challenge to the CCP, the PLA relies on military coercion to compel concessions on sovereignty. Although other interests divert attention and resources, Taiwan remains the principle illustrative scenario guiding the PLA's military ambitions in space. Taiwan is a core interest of the United States. As such, the United States should maintain the capacity to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan."
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
Cheng, Dean; Stokes, Mark A.
2012-04-26
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National Security Strategy of the United States of America [March 2006]
From the Document: "It is the policy of the United States to seek and support democratic movements and institutions in every nation and culture, with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world. In the world today, the fundamental character of regimes matters as much as the distribution of power among them. The goal of our statecraft is to help create a world of democratic, well-governed states that can meet the needs of their citizens and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system. This is the best way to provide enduring security for the American people. Achieving this goal is the work of generations. The United States is in the early years of a long struggle, similar to what our country faced in the early years of the Cold War. The 20th century witnessed the triumph of freedom over the threats of fascism and communism. Yet a new totalitarian ideology now threatens, an ideology grounded not in secular philosophy but in the perversion of a proud religion. Its content may be different from the ideologies of the last century, but its means are similar: intolerance, murder, terror, enslavement, and repression."
United States. White House Office
2006-03
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Enhancing Security: Projecting Civil Authority Into America's Uncontrolled Spaces
From the thesis abstract: "Actions taken or not taken by law enforcement agencies, in 'Ungoverned Spaces' reduce US ability to forestall hostile actions on US soil. The current organizational limitations of US civil authorities' poses a problem to accomplishing the goals of our National Security Strategy to 'Prevent attacks on the Homeland' and 'Enhancing security at Home.' To that end, this thesis examines areas of the United States that function as 'Ungoverned Spaces' and possible strategies to maximize Interagency and interoperable government control through joint operations between civil authorities and Department of Defense forces. Finally, the author analyzed the gaps in the ability of law enforcement to project civil authority and the historical short falls of civil law enforcement in past events. The recommendations suggest; the creation of a full time paramilitary police force trained, and maintained in sufficient size and strength to police our nations ungoverned spaces, established as a full time National Guard unit. Satisfying the author's recommendations on the use of the National Guard as a paramilitary police force, he examines historical and current legal precedent for the legal deployment of National Guard troops under Title 32 as a law enforcement entity."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Presson, William
2012-06-08
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National Security Strategy [February 2015]
From the Conclusion: "This National Security Strategy provides a vision for strengthening and sustaining American leadership in this still young century. It clarifies the purpose and promise of American power. It aims to advance our interests and values with initiative and from a position of strength. We will deter and defeat any adversary that threatens our national security and that of our allies. We confidently welcome the peaceful rise of other countries as partners to share the burdens for maintaining a more peaceful and prosperous world. We will continue to collaborate with established and emerging powers to promote our shared security and defend our common humanity, even as we compete with them in economic and other realms. We will uphold and refresh the international rules and norms that set the parameters for such collaboration and competition. We will do all of this and more with confidence that the international system whose creation we led in the aftermath of World War II will continue to serve America and the world well. This is an ambitious, but achievable agenda, especially if we continue to restore the bipartisan center that has been a pillar of strength for American foreign policy in decades past. America has greater capacity to adapt and recover from setbacks than any other country. A core element of our strength is our unity and our certainty that American leadership in this century, like the last, remains indispensable."
United States. White House Office
2015-02
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Defending America's Interests in Space
From the thesis abstract: "Without a doubt the United States uniquely relies on space capabilities to integrate and project all instruments of its national power. With this reliance come tremendous risks and vulnerabilities that must be mitigated to sustain American pursuit of a world order based upon 'freedom, justice, and human dignity.' As the 44th President of the United States entered office in January 2009, the stakes for space security in the 21st century may be of lesser consequence in comparison to issues such as the nation's flagging economy and the on-going Global War on Terrorism. Nonetheless, failure to resolutely address space security could pose severe repercussions for American power projection in the coming decades. The purpose of this research paper is to frame the anticipated space policy debates for the next Administration."
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Cynamon, Charles H.
2009-02-12
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Impacts of Space System Acquisition on National Security
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines a series of problems that the United States has encountered in its space systems acquisition process, and how these problems have impacted national security. This thesis has also examines several space system projects, and analyzes the various elements contributing to increased project cost and major project delays. Based on this assessment, it is concluded that although the space acquisition process has gone through a number of significant changes over the past 50 years, it is questionable that lessons learned from past acquisition experiences coupled with implemented space acquisition process changes has led to significant progress. Several recommendations are made to improve the acquisition process."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Harris, Andrew W., Jr.
2012-12
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Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime: Addressing Converging Threats to National Security
From the Document: "The Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime applies all elements of national power to protect citizens and U.S. national security interests from the convergence of 21st century transnational criminal threats. This Strategy is organized around a single unifying principle: to build, balance, and integrate the tools of American power to combat transnational organized crime and related threats to national security- and to urge our foreign partners to do the same. The end-state we seek is to reduce transnational organized crime (TOC) from a national security threat to a manageable public safety problem in the United States and in strategic regions around the world. The Strategy will achieve this end-state by pursuing five key policy objectives: 1) Protect Americans and our partners from the harm, violence, and exploitation of transnational criminal networks. 2) Help partner countries strengthen governance and transparency, break the corruptive power of transnational criminal networks, and sever state-crime alliances. 3) Break the economic power of transnational criminal networks and protect strategic markets and the U.S. financial system from TOC penetration and abuse. 4) Defeat transnational criminal networks that pose the greatest threat to national security by targeting their infrastructures, depriving them of their enabling means, and preventing the criminal facilitation of terrorist activities. 5) Build international consensus, multilateral cooperation, and public-private partnerships to defeat transnational organized crime. The Strategy also introduces new and innovative capabilities and tools, which will be accomplished by prioritizing within the resources available to affected departments and agencies. A new Executive Order will establish a sanctions program to block the property of and prohibit transactions with significant transnational criminal networks that threaten national security, foreign policy, or economic interests. A proposed legislative package will enhance the authorities available to investigate, interdict, and prosecute the activities of top transnational criminal networks. A new Presidential Proclamation under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) will deny entry to transnational criminal aliens and others who have been targeted for financial sanctions. A new rewards program will replicate the success of narcotics rewards programs in obtaining information that leads to the arrest and conviction of the leaders of transnational criminal organizations that pose the greatest threats to national security. An interagency Threat Mitigation Working Group will identify those TOC networks that present a sufficiently high national security risk and will ensure the coordination of all elements of national power to combat them."
United States. White House Office
2011-07
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National Strategy for Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism
From the Executive Summary: "The National Strategy for Countering WMD [weapons of mass destruction] Terrorism describes the United States Government's approach to countering non-state WMD threats, emphasizing the need for continuous pressure against WMD-capable terrorist groups, enhanced security for dangerous materials throughout the world, and increased burden sharing among our foreign partners. The United States will draw on the full range of our nation's and partner nations' capabilities to place WMD and associated materials and expertise beyond the reach of terrorists. We will also strengthen our defenses at home to ensure the peace and security to which every American is entitled. [...] The National Strategy for Countering WMD Terrorism is designed to achieve a set of strategic objectives whose common purpose is to greatly reduce the probability that extremist groups and individuals will conduct attacks using WMD."
United States. White House Office
2018-12
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National Security Decision Directive 207: The National Program for Combatting Terrorism
From the Document: "National Security Decision Directive 207 provides policy guidance on combatting terrorism: U.S. policy on terrorism is unequivocal: firm opposition to terrorism in all its forms whether it is domestic terrorism perpetrated within U.S. territory, or international terrorism conducted inside or outside U.S. territory by foreign nationals or groups. The policy is based upon the conviction that to accede to terrorist demands places more American citizens at risk. This no-concessions policy is the best way of protecting the greatest number of people and ensuring their safety. At the same time, every available resource will be used to gain the safe return of American citizens who are held by terrorists."
United States. White House Office
1986-01-20
