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Short History of Homeland Defense
Providing for the common defense was a crucial and basic government obligation that has been of importance since the Preamble of the Constitution. With the Revolution fresh in their minds, American leaders considered Britain the main enemy and a second war and possible invasion their greatest threats. France, although being a Revolution ally, claimed ownership of a huge tract to the west that posed a potential threat to American interests. In the interior of the United States, settlers confronted American Indians as the boundaries of the country pushed west. The Army and the Navy were the homeland defense. Fort Monroe, Va., Fort Washington, Md., and Fort McNair, Washington, D.C., are also remnants of these homeland defense efforts. While Americans still considered the Atlantic and Pacific oceans enough of a defense against foreign enemies, a strong Navy upon those waters was important.
United States. Department of the Army
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Italian Army's Role in Homeland Security
Since the unification of the peninsula, the Italian Army has been actively involved in homeland security operations. In particular, the Army's role dramatically increased in 1992, when the Italian Government decided to employ some thousands of soldiers in Sicily, to cooperate with the State police and the "Carabinieri" in opposing the local organized crime. The purpose of this research is to analyze the different homeland security operations carried on by the Italian Army, drawing out from them the lessons learned and to find how these experiences could be utilized to face the threats posed by the new international strategic environment of international terrorism, failed states and rogue states.
Army War College (U.S.)
Serino, Pietro
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Strategic Recommendations to the Nevada Communications Interoperability Plan
"This strategic recommendations report provides four practitioner-developed strategic initiatives to improve the Nevada Communication Interoperability Plan, Version 1.0 (the Nevada Plan). See Appendix A for a complete copy of the Nevada Plan. The strategic initiatives were developed during the practitioner-driven strategic planning process facilitated by SAFECOM. Six practitioner focus groups-comprised of public safety practitioners, representatives from federal, state, and local agencies, and elected and appointed officials-were convened across the State of Nevada. The focus group participants addressed the current realities of regional communications interoperability in Nevada and shared a vision for what improved communications interoperability can provide. They suggested a course of action to move Nevada closer to that shared vision. Finally, they validated and prioritized the top four initiatives at the strategic planning session on September 14, 2005. SAFECOM used the practitioner-developed strategic initiatives and input to develop recommendations with specific implementation tasks to enhance public safety interoperable communications capabilities. The four practitioner-developed strategic initiatives are presented below."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Addressing the Needs of the Seriously Mentally Ill in Disaster
"In the acute stages of a disaster, those with serious mental illness may function relatively well. Like the rest of the population, they often 'rise to the occasion' to assist themselves and others in a time of great need. However, persons with severe and often chronic mental illness are a vulnerable group whose well-being is especially threatened by the social disruption of the post-disaster setting. Addressing their disaster needs can mitigate or prevent adverse outcomes."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
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First Responder Communities of Practice [website]
"First Responder Communities of Practice is an online network of vetted, active and retired First Responders, emergency response professionals and Federal, State, local, or Tribal Homeland Security officials sponsored by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science & Technology (S&T) Directorate's First Responder Technologies (R-Tech) program. Registered members of this professional network share information, ideas, and best practices, enabling them to more efficiently and effectively prepare for all hazards."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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EMS.gov [website]
The NHTSA's [National Highway Traffic Safety Administration] Office of EMS [Emergency Medical Services] "advances a national vision for EMS through projects and research; fosters collaboration among Federal agencies involved in EMS planning; measures the health of Nation's EMS systems; and delivers the data EMS leaders need to help advance their systems. Office of EMS Initiatives [include]: Education - Collecting and sharing standardized EMS data to support improvements in patient care and EMS systems; Workforce - Supporting efforts to strengthen workforce viability nationwide; Research - Analyzing data and measuring performance to enable improvement in EMS systems; EMS Data - Collecting & sharing standardized EMS data to support improvements in patient care and EMS systems; Advancing EMS Systems - Supporting the importance of developing EMS as a coordinated system of care; Preparedness - Fostering collaboration across the Federal government to enhance readiness for catastrophic incidents; Safety - Protecting the health & safety of EMS practitioners and their patients; and 911 System - Providing leadership and coordination to support and promote optimal 911 services."
United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
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RadNet: Nationwide Environmental Radiation Tracking [website]
"RadNet is a national network of monitoring stations that regularly collect air, precipitation, drinking water, and milk samples for analysis of radioactivity. The RadNet network, which has stations in each State, has been used to track environmental releases of radioactivity from nuclear weapons tests and nuclear accidents. Future uses of this network might include monitoring waste disposal and radioactive cleanup sites. RadNet also documents the status and trends of environmental radioactivity"
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory (U.S.)
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National Security & Veterans Affairs: Homeland Security
This webpage lists a variety of reports about homeland security funding by agency, state, tribes and other demographic information. Additionally there are reports about border patrol arrests.
U.S. Census Bureau
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Crime in the United States [HSDL Holdings]
This is a collection of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Crime in the United States reports. "Since 1996, editions of Crime in the United States have been available on the FBI's Web site www.fbi.gov, first in Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and more recently in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program staff are committed to improving their annual publications so that the data they collect can better meet the needs of law enforcement, criminologists, sociologists, legislators, municipal planners, the media, and other students of criminal justice who use the statistics for varied administrative, research, and planning purposes. For more information about how the UCR Program collects data, see About the Uniform Crime Reporting Program. Crime in the United States, 2009, presents data tables containing information on the topics listed below. Data users can download Microsoft Excel spreadsheets of the data tables and Adobe PDFs of most of the texts shown."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Annual Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage [HSDL Holdings]
This is a collection of Foreign Economic and Industrial Espionage reports from the Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONIX) of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. From the text: "The threat to the United States from foreign economic collection and industrial espionage is appraised in these annual reports to Congress. Compiled by the ONCIX, these threat assessments represent significant contributions from the Counterintelligence Community."
United States. Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
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Hate Crime Statistics [website]
This is a collection of Hate Crime Statistics documents from the FBI. From the text: "On April 23, 1990, Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act, which required the Attorney General to collect data 'about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.' The Attorney General delegated the responsibilities of developing the procedures for implementing, collecting, and managing hate crime data to the Director of the FBI, who in turn, assigned the tasks to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Under the direction of the Attorney General and with the cooperation and assistance of many local and state law enforcement agencies, the UCR Program created a hate crime data collection to comply with the congressional mandate. The UCR Program's first publication on the subject was Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book, which was a compilation of hate crime data reported by 11 states that had collected the information under state authority in 1990 and were willing to offer their data as a prototype. The UCR Program continued to work with agencies familiar with investigating hate crimes and collecting related information so that it could develop and implement a more uniform method of data collection on a nationwide scale. Hate Crime Statistics, 1992, presented the first published data reported by law enforcement agencies across the country that participated in the UCR Hate Crime Statistics Program."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) [website]
"The American Islamic Forum for Democracy's (AIFD) mission is to advocate for the preservation of the founding principles of the United States Constitution, liberty and freedom, through the separation of mosque and state. AIFD is the most prominent American Muslim organization directly confronting the ideologies of political Islam and openly countering the common belief that the Muslim faith is inextricably rooted to the concept of the Islamic State (Islamism). Founded by Dr. M. Zuhdi Jasser, AIFD looks to build the future of Islam through the concepts of liberty and freedom. AIFD's mission is derived from a love for America and a love of our faith of Islam. Dr. Jasser and the board of AIFD believe that Muslims can better practice Islam in an environment that protects the rights of an individual to practice their faith as they choose. The theocratic 'Islamic' regimes of the Middle East and some Muslim majority nations use Islam as a way to control Muslim populations, not to glorify God as they portend. The purest practice of Islam is one in which Muslims have complete freedom to accept or reject any of the tenants or laws of the faith no different than we enjoy as Americans in this Constitutional republic. AIFD believes that the root cause of Islamist terrorism is the ideology of political Islam and a belief in the preference for and supremacy of the Islamic state. Terrorism is but a means to that end. Most Islamist terror is driven by the desire of Islamists to drive the influence of the west (the ideas of liberty) out of the Muslim consciousness and Muslim majority societies. The underlying philosophy of Islamism is what western society should fear most. With almost a quarter of the world's population Muslim, American security will never come without an understanding and winning out of the ideas of liberty by Muslims and an understanding of the harm of political Islam by non-Muslims."
American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD)
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Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) [website]
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center "has the responsibility for the dissemination of messages and the provision of interpretive information to emergency managers and other officials, news media, and the public." The geographical areas under the responsibility of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center are: "Pacific - International"; "Pacific - U.S. Interests"; "Hawai'i"; "Indian Ocean"; "Caribbean Sea"; "Caribbean Sea - U.S. Interests"; and "South China Sea".
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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Earthquake Country Alliance [website]
"The Earthquake Country Alliance (ECA) is a statewide 'alliance of alliances' linking the public information efforts of organizations and individuals that provide earthquake information and services. Participants include the Redwood Coast Tsunami Workgroup, the Bay Area Earthquake Alliance, the Central Coast Earthquake Alliance, and the Southern California Earthquake Alliance (new name of the original 'ECA'). Other regional alliances may join the ECA in the future representing other parts of the state. ECA members include: scientists and engineers; non-profit organization and business leaders; community groups and activists; federal, state, and local government leaders and agencies; tribes; and others who share a passion for making a difference towards reducing California's earthquake risk. Join today using one of our online forms. You can also view our participant lists to see who is involved. Soon earthquakecountry.org will be updated to provide a one-stop source for regional alliance activities and general earthquake preparedness, mitigation, and safety information through its related websites daretoprepare.org, dropcoverholdon.org, terremotos.org (Spanish information), and ShakeOut.org, the website of the annual statewide earthquake drill that the ECA organizes with its many partners. The ECA's main strategy is to coordinate the earthquake information materials and programs of organizations with related missions and activities, so that the public receives information that is consistent, from multiple sources they trust, through multiple channels, and serves all California residents."
Southern California Earthquake Center
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National Weather Service - Hydrologic Information Center [website]
The National Weather Service Hydrologic Information Center website provides the following information: flood damage data, facility data, spring flood outlook, loss reports and flood safety information.
United States. National Weather Service
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WaterWatch [website]
"WaterWatch is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) World Wide Web site that displays maps, graphs, and tables describing real-time, recent, and past streamflow conditions for the United States. The real-time information generally is updated on an hourly basis. WaterWatch provides streamgage-based maps that show the location of more than 3,000 long-term (30 years or more) USGS streamgages; use colors to represent streamflow conditions compared to historical streamflow; feature a point-and-click interface allowing users to retrieve graphs of stream stage (water elevation) and flow; and highlight locations where extreme hydrologic events, such as floods and droughts, are occurring. The streamgage-based maps show streamflow conditions for real-time, average daily, and 7-day average streamflow. The real-time streamflow maps highlight flood and high flow conditions. The 7-day average streamflow maps highlight below-normal and drought conditions. WaterWatch also provides hydrologic unit code (HUC) maps. HUC-based maps are derived from the streamgage-based maps and illustrate streamflow conditions in hydrologic regions. These maps show average streamflow conditions for 1-, 7-, 14-, and 28-day periods, and for monthly average streamflow; highlight regions of low flow or hydrologic drought; and provide historical runoff and streamflow conditions beginning in 1901. WaterWatch summarizes streamflow conditions in a region (state or hydrologic unit) in terms of the long-term typical condition at streamgages in the region. Summary tables are provided along with time-series plots that depict variations through time. WaterWatch also includes tables of current streamflow information and locations of flooding."
Geological Survey (U.S.)
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Disease Maps [website]
This website contains dynamic Disease Maps for the United States for the following infectious diseases: West Nile Virus (WNV), St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE), La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC), Powassan Virus (POW), Dengue Fever (locally acquired) (DEN-loc), Dengue Fever (imported) (DEN-imp), Chikungunya (locally acquired) (CHIK-loc), and Chikungunya (imported) (CHIK-imp).
Geological Survey (U.S.)
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ICE Annual Report: Protecting National Security and Upholding Public Safety [HSDL Holdings ]
This Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL) list contains the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE)annual reports. The reports contain data and statistics regarding ICE's activities throughout the given year.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security. Homeland Security Digital Library
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State & Local Planners Playbook for Medical Response to a Nuclear Detonation
"This State and Local planners Playbook is a resource developed by non-government and government subject matter experts from the Nuclear Detonation Scarce Resources Working Group. It is not a 'must follow' structured road-map. It is offered as a guide to assist State, regional, local, tribal, and territorial medical and public health planners and other subject matter experts preparing their venues for a nuclear detonation. [...] This is a living document that will be updated periodically on this website. Users are encouraged to submit comments through the website and to join the REMM ListServ to receive notice of important changes to the Playbook and the REMM website." The site provides background information, action steps, additional information sources, a manuscript list, and an acronym list.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
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USFA: Firefighter fatalities in the United States
"The U. S. Fire Administration tracks and collects information on the causes of on-duty firefighter fatalities that occur in the United States. We conduct an annual analysis to identify specific problems so that we may direct efforts toward finding solutions that will reduce firefighter fatalities in the future. This information is also used to measure the effectiveness of programs directed toward firefighter health and safety."
United States Fire Administration
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Fire-Related Firefighter Injuries Reported to NFIRS
"Every occupation brings degrees of safety risk. At the fire scene, on the way to or from a fire, or even while training, firefighters face the chance of suffering an injury and possibly death. Each year, tens of thousands of fire-fighters are injured while fighting fires, rescuing people, responding to emergency medical incidents, responding to hazardous material incidents, or training for their job. Between the years of 2006 and 2008, there were an estimated 81,070 firefighter injuries of which 39,715 occurred on the fireground. While the majority of injuries are minor, a significant number are debilitating and career-ending. Such injuries exact a great toll on the fabric of the fire service. From the need to adjust staffing levels and rotations to accommodate injuries, to the focus of the fire service on injury prevention, injuries and their prevention are a primary concern. In addition, the fire service has done much to improve firefighter safety. Firefighter health and safety initiatives, incident command structure, training, and protective gear are but a few areas where time, energy, and resources have been well-spent. Nonetheless, firefighting is, by its very nature, a hazardous profession. Injuries can and do occur. This topical report addresses the details of firefighter injuries sustained at or responding to a fire incident, focusing on data submitted to the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) 2006 to 2008. The statistics presented are from the analysis of the 2006 to 2008 NFIRS, version 5.0 data."
United States Fire Administration
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Ransomware: What it is and What to Do About it
From the Document: "This document is a U.S. government interagency technical guidance document aimed to inform Chief Information Officers and Chief Information Security Officers at critical infrastructure entities, including small, medium and large sized organizations. This document provides an aggregate of already existing Federal government and private industry best practices and mitigation strategies focused on the prevention and response to ransomware incidents."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; North Carolina. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Department of Justice
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User Organization Responsibilities for the Government Emergency Telecommunications Service and Wireless Priority Service
From the Introduction: "The Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) and Wireless Priority Service (WPS) support national leadership; Federal, State, local and tribal governments; and other authorized national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) users. GETS provides priority access and prioritized processing in landline networks, and WPS provides the same in all nationwide and several regional cellular networks. GETS and WPS are intended to be used in an emergency when the landline or wireless networks are congested and the probability of completing a normal call is reduced."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
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Priority Telecommunications Services
From the Document: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) offers a suite of Priority Telecommunications Services designed to support national security and public safety communications availability for government officials, emergency responders, and critical infrastructure owners and operators."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
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Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training: Instructor Training Manual
From the Document: "This is a four hour course entitled 'Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training'. The goal of this training program is to prepare supervisors of disaster workers and volunteers to be proactive in recognizing and responding to disaster worker stress and trauma, be aware of their own reactions, and provide leadership to increase individual and organizational resiliency."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training: Participant Training Manual
From the Document: "The goal of this training program is to prepare supervisors of disaster workers and volunteers to be proactive in recognizing and responding to disaster worker stress and trauma, be aware of their own reactions, and provide leadership to increase individual and organizational resiliency."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training: Participant Training [presentation]
From the Document: "Welcome to the Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training that is being provided to you by (name of organization). This program was developed by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Worker Training Program and we acknowledge their support. In this program we will be working in small groups and also doing individual activities. You will be using the Disaster Supervisor Resiliency Training Manual throughout the program. You will write directly into the manual and take it home with you. Everything that is on the PowerPoint slides is in the manual. In the back of the manual is a glossary of terms and 4 factsheets that may be used or adapted by you and your organizations. We have set up a webpage so that you can easily access these materials for downloading and printing. We will begin by reviewing the course agenda and objectives on page 5 of the manual."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Care Provider Resilience Training Instructor Guide
From the Document: "This is a two hour course entitled 'Care Provider Resiliency Training'. The goal of this training program is to prepare participants to better understand and address the connection between medical and behavioral health impacts affecting disaster workers and volunteers. The term 'Care Provider' includes many types of licensed health personnel who provide direct patient care, including physicians, nurses, EMS [emergency medical service] workers, psychologists, and social workers."
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Embracing the River: Smart Growth Strategies for Assisting in Cedar Rapids' Recovery
From the Introduction: "In January 2009, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) entered into an Interagency Agreement to supplement FEMA's Long-Term Community Recovery (LTCR) activities in Iowa and provide technical assistance to help communities recover from the June 2008 floods and tornadoes. Between March 2009 and May 2010, six communities in Iowa--New Hartford, Iowa City, Cedar Rapids, Cedar Falls, Coralville, and Waverly--received assistance through this interagency agreement. Outcomes from this partnership include strategies tailored to the specific recovery efforts in each of the six communities, a model for collaborative work between EPA and FEMA, and the transfer of technical expertise on smart growth approaches and long-term recovery across the two agencies. This report describes the technical assistance with the city of Cedar Rapids. Staff from EPA headquarters, FEMA, Rebuild Iowa Office (RIO), the Iowa Department of Economic Development, and EPA Region 7 convened local leaders to explore options for stabilizing neighborhoods affected by the flooding and to address barriers to creating neighborhoods that support compact development patterns with a mix of land uses. The city sought to address how existing land development patterns contributed to the occurrence of flooding in certain areas of the city."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Cedar Rapids (Iowa) . . .
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Managing a Workplace or an Organization After a Crisis
From the Document: "Disasters that impact the workplace, whether natural or human-made, create unusual challenges for management. You and your staff may be impacted by its effects. Emotional stress, physical injury, grief, and disruption of normal routines may limit the availability and energy of your work group. At the same time, the group may face new responsibilities -- caring for its own members and facilitating community recovery. Besides meeting customers' special needs for assistance following a crisis, personnel may have other unique requirements and stressors. Much of the human suffering associated with a disaster happens after the event itself, and can be mitigated by effective management. The following can help you structure your response."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress
