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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 21, 2022: Dispensing of Oral Antiviral Drugs for Treatment of COVID-19 by Zip Code-Level Social Vulnerability -- United States, December 23, 2021-May 21, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Dispensing of Oral Antiviral Drugs for Treatment of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] by Zip Code-Level Social Vulnerability -- United States, December 23, 2021-May 21, 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-06-21
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Estimated Budgetary Effects of S. 4136, the Water Resources Development Act of 2022
From the Document: "CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting S. 4136 would increase direct spending by $2 billion over the 2022-2032 period and would not affect revenues. CBO has not completed an estimate of the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation. S. 4136 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-21
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1687, Small Business Cyber Training Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 1687 would require the Small Business Administration (SBA) to establish a certification program for employees of small business development centers (SBDCs) to assist small businesses on cyber security planning. The bill would authorize the SBA to spend up to $350,000 each year to reimburse SBDCs for certification costs. On that basis, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 1687 would cost $2 million over the 2022-2027 period to fund certification programs at 62 lead SBDCs. Any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-21
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 21, 2022: Hospitalization and Emergency Department Encounters for COVID-19 After Paxlovid Treatment -- California, December 2021-May 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Hospitalization and Emergency Department Encounters for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] After Paxlovid Treatment -- California, December 2021-May 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-06-21
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H. Rept. 117-379: Active Shooter Alert Act of 2022, Report Together with Minority Views to Accompany H.R. 6538, June 21, 2022
From the Document: "The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 6538) to create an Active Shooter Alert Communications Network, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an amendment and recommends that the bill as amended do pass. [...] H.R. 6538, the ''Active Shooter Alert Act of 2022,'' would adapt an existing alert system to establish an Active Shooter Alert Network, enabling law enforcement to send active shooter alerts within their communities. This legislation tasks the Department of Justice with the creation of a network for state and local law enforcement to send geo-targeted active shooter alerts through the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS)--the infrastructure currently used for America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response (AMBER) Alerts and severe storm warnings--to better warn the public of ongoing, active shooter incidents. It provides for the establishment of best practices for law enforcement agencies who choose to use this existing infrastructure for active shooter incidents. It also requires the Attorney General to appoint an Active Shooter Alert Coordinator within the Department of Justice to coordinate and develop the best practices, along with an advisory panel, and provide support for the implementation of active shooter alert systems."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-21
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H. Rept. 117-122: Satellite Cybersecurity Act, Report to Accompany S. 3511, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 21, 2022
From the Highlights: "S. 3511, the Satellite Cybersecurity Act, requires the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to develop a publicly available online clearinghouse of cybersecurity resources, recommendations, and other appropriate materials specific to commercial satellite systems (CSS) owners and operators, including materials tailored for small businesses. The bill also requires CISA to consolidate voluntary cybersecurity recommendations, including recommendations collected from external sources, such as public and private subject matter experts, designed to assist in the development, maintenance, and operation of CSS, and for these recommendations to be included in the clearinghouse. In implementing the bill, the bill also requires CISA to carry out the implementation as a public-private partnership to the greatest extent practicable, to coordinate with the heads of appropriate federal agencies, and to consult with entities outside the federal government with expertise in CSS or cybersecurity of CSS including private, consensus organizations that develop relevant standards. Additionally, S. 3511 requires the Comptroller General of the United States, in consultation with other federal agencies, to study and provide a report to Congress on the effectiveness of efforts of the federal government to improve the cybersecurity of CSS and any resources made available by agencies to support the cybersecurity of CSS. The bill requires the report to detail interdependence of critical infrastructure and CSS, the extent to which threats to CSS are part of critical infrastructure risk analyses and protection plans, the extent to which federal agencies rely on CSS, and risks posed by foreign ownership or foreign-located CSS physical infrastructure."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-21
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S. Rept. 117-121: Wildland Fire Mitigation and Management Commission Act of 2021, Report of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs United States Senate to Accompany S. 2150, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 21, 2022
From the Document: "The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, to which was referred the bill (S. 2150) to prevent catastrophic wildland fires by establishing a commission to study and recommend wildland fire prevention, mitigation, suppression, management, and rehabilitation policies for the Federal Government, and for other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with an amendment (in the nature of a substitute) and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass. [...] S. 2150, the Wildland Fire Mitigation and Management Commission Act of 2021, establishes a commission to study the nation's wildland firefighting strategy and recommend specific policies to improve that strategy. The bill requires the commission to include a number of representative stakeholders, including federal agencies, state, local, and tribal government officials, and wildland firefighters. The bill also tasks the commission with making recommendations and reporting to Congress on forest management, aerial firefighting equipment needs, federal spending and budgeting for wildland fires, and long-term management strategies."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-21
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H. Rept. 117-380: 21st Century President Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 3285, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 21, 2022
From the Document: "The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 3285) to amend gendered terms in Federal law relating to the President and the President's spouse, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon without amendment and recommends that the bill do pass. [...] H.R. 3285, the '21st Century President Act,' would amend gendered terms in section 879 of title 18 of the United States Code, which provides that it is a criminal offense to threaten to kill, kidnap or inflict bodily harm upon the President, the President's spouse, and certain other individuals. [...] Our Nation has long struggled with voting and equality in representation. For example, the U.S. Constitution did not recognize women's right to vote until it was amended in 1920, with the adoption of the 19th Amendment. It would take another 96 years before a major political party would nominate a woman for candidacy in a presidential election. In the 2020 presidential election, the major party candidates included one member of the LGBTQ [lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning] community and six women. It is time that section 879, the statute concerning threats against former Presidents and Vice Presidents and their families, be revised to remove outdated terms such as, 'wife,' 'her,' and 'widow' in the statute."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-21
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European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) [Updated June 21, 2022]
From the Document: "The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the first international financial institution of post-Cold War Europe, was founded in 1991 to ease the path of the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union from planned to free-market economies. Its geographic area has expanded over time and, today, the EBRD finances projects in 37 countries throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. In October 2021, Algeria became the 73rd member of the EBRD. The United States is a founding member of the EBRD and is the single largest shareholder with a 10% share of the Bank's capital. U.S. membership in the EBRD is authorized by P.L. [Public Law] 101-513, the 'European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Act' (22 U.S.C. [United States Code] §290l et seq.). The EBRD is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. The Bank was originally designed to function differently than other multilateral development banks in two key ways: first, it was given a political mandate to support democracy; and second, it was designed to support the development of the private sector in the former communist countries. Changes in Europe over the past two decades were viewed to make both mandates less pressing, leading the Bank to expand its membership. Russia's expanded war on Ukraine, some argue however, underscores the importance of the EBRD maintaining robust operations in Eastern and Central Europe. EBRD President Odile Renaud-Basso, former Director General of the French Treasury, was elected in October 2020 for a four-year term."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weiss, Martin A.
2022-06-21
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Global Trends in Democracy and Authoritarianism: Challenges to Press Freedom [June 21, 2022]
From the Document: "Some Members of Congress have expressed concern over global challenges to press freedom. According to a recent United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) report, approximately 85% of the world's population experienced a decline in press freedom in their country between 2016 and 2020. Some Members of the 117th Congress have proposed legislation seeking to bolster U.S. foreign policy responses to this trend."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weber, Michael A.
2022-06-21
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 17, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Extreme Heat Exposure: Access and Barriers to Cooling Centers -- Maricopa and Yuma Counties, Arizona, 2010-2020"; "Genetic Characterization of Novel Oral Polio Vaccine Type 2 Viruses During Initial Use Phase Under Emergency Use Listing -- Worldwide, March-October 2021"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Cases and Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries With and Without Disabilities -- United States, January 1, 2020-November 20, 2021"; "Trends in Acute Hepatitis of Unspecified Etiology and Adenovirus Stool Testing Results in Children -- United States, 2017-2022"; "'Notes from the Field': COVID-19-Associated Mortality Risk Among Long-Term Care Facility Residents and Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ≥65 Years - Illinois, December 2020 and January 2022"; "'Notes from the Field': Diagnosis and Investigation of Pneumonic Plague During a Respiratory Disease Pandemic -- Wyoming, 2021"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage Distribution of Heat-Related Deaths, by Age Group -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2018-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-06-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 4145, Consumer Protection Remedies Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 4145 would restore the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) authority to obtain monetary relief through restitution or disgorgement, which was struck down by the decision in 'AMG [Affiliated Managers Group] Capital Management, LLC [limited liability company] v. [versus] FTC.' Whereas restitution requires violators to compensate victims for their monetary loss, disgorgement strips violators of monetary profits obtained from illegal activity. When the FTC cannot return that monetary relief to harmed consumers, the money is remitted to the Treasury and thus increases revenues. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting S. 4145 would increase net revenues by $45 million over the 2022-2032 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6493, Campus Prevention and Recovery Services for Students Act of 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 6493 would amend the Alcohol and Substance Misuse Prevention Program (currently the Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Program) and authorize the appropriation of $15 million for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2028 for grants to institutions of higher education to develop and implement programs that reduce or prevent alcohol and drug use. [...] The bill also would add new requirements to those institutions' alcohol and substance misuse prevention programs in order for them to maintain eligibility for assistance under any federal program. Finally, the bill would require the Secretary of Education, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to develop and issue guidance for the best practices on implementing those programs. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $56 million over the 2022-2027 period and $49 million after 2027."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5274, PREVENT ACT of 2021
From the Document: "H.R. 5274 would require Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to provide officer training on how to use containment devices to prevent secondary exposure to fentanyl and other potentially lethal substances. The bill also would require CBP to provide containment devices for officers, agents, and other personnel who are at risk of accidental exposure to synthetic opioids. CBP is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by H.R. 5274. Thus, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would not have a significant cost; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-17
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Strategy to Prevent the Importation of Goods Mined, Produced, or Manufactured with Forced Labor in the People's Republic of China
From the Executive Summary: "The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) was enacted on December 23, 2021, to strengthen the existing prohibition against the importation of goods made wholly or in part with forced labor into the United States and to end the systematic use of forced labor in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). Among its mandates, the UFLPA charged the Forced Labor Enforcement Task Force (FLETF), chaired by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), to develop a strategy for supporting the enforcement of Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. § 1307) to prevent the importation into the United States of goods mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part with forced labor in the People's Republic of China (PRC). This strategy incorporates input from various public and private-sector stakeholders. It incorporates significant contributions from FLETF members and observers and takes into account public comments received through the FLETF's Federal Register request for information and the UFLPA public hearing."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans
2022-06-17
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H. Rept. 117-377: Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Training Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 7777, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 17, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 7777, the 'Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Training Act,' authorizes the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to establish the Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Initiative (the 'Initiative' to strengthen the skills of the cybersecurity workforce related to securing industrial control systems. Through the Initiative, CISA provides no-cost virtual and in-person courses and trainings on cybersecurity for industrial control systems (ICS). In carrying out the Initiative, the bill directs CISA to engage in collaboration with the Department of Energy's National Laboratories and consultation with Sector Risk Management Agencies and, as appropriate, the private sector. Additionally, the bill directs CISA to provide an annual report on the Initiative, along with any plans and recommendations for expanding and strengthening industrial control systems cybersecurity education and training."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-17
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Selected Federal Financial Assistance for Emergency Response to Extreme Heat [Updated June 17, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Summer 2021 brought extreme heat to many areas of the United States,1 with a historic 'heat dome' setting temperature records in multiple states.2 As of May 2022, the National Weather Service's 'Seasonal Temperature Outlook' for summer 2022 'favors above normal temperatures' for much of the country. [...] This report provides a brief overview of existing federal resources available to respond to the impacts of extreme heat on humans and communities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lee, Erica A.; Wyatt, Taylor R.; Horn, Diane P. . . .
2022-06-17
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Security of the Federal Judiciary: Background and Recent Congressional Legislation [Updated June 17, 2022]
From the Document: "The July 2020 fatal attack [hyperlink] of a family member at the home of a federal judge in New Jersey has continued to prompt calls for enhanced security for federal judges and their families. This attack underscored ongoing concerns related to judicial security, particularly given the increase in the number of threats against federal judges and other judiciary personnel. Specifically, according to the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) [hyperlink], there were 4,511 threats and inappropriate communications against federal judges, other federal court employees, and jurors during FY2021. This represented a 387% increase over threats and inappropriate communications that occurred during 2015 (when there were 926 such incidents [hyperlink]). Most recently, in May 2022, following the unauthorized release of a controversial draft opinion [hyperlink] for a case pending before the U.S. Supreme Court [hyperlink] and protests [hyperlink] related to the draft opinion, an 8-foot 'nonscalable' fence was erected around the Supreme Court building [hyperlink]. Attorney General Merrick Garland also directed the USMS to provide 'around-the-clock security' [hyperlink] for the Court's Justices, including at their private residences. These measures were not taken to prevent peaceful protests, but to deter what Attorney General Garland described as 'violence or threats of violence against judges' [hyperlink] and other public servants."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McMillion, Barry J.
2022-06-17
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H. Rept. 117-375: Prevent Exposure to Narcotics and Toxics Act of 2021, Report to Accompany H.R. 5274
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 5274, the 'Prevent Exposure to Narcotics and Toxics Act of 2021' amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to provide training for U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel on the use of containment devices to reduce exposure to fentanyl and other potentially lethal substances when engaged in inspections and other border security-related activities. The legislation also ensures the availability of containment devices for CBP personnel at risk of accidental exposure to synthetic opioids in the course of carrying out their official duties."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-17
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 22 Issue 24, June 16, 2022
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "2022 Crash Responder Safety Week planning webinars"; "Office for Bombing Prevention releases mass bomb threat awareness products"; "CISA's [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's] Secure Tomorrow Series Toolkit builds risk awareness, improves planning for future risks to critical infrastructure"; "NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology], FirstNet launch Public Safety Immersive Test Center, focused on location services and user interface research"; "Sector Spotlight: Cyber-Physical Security Considerations for the Electricity Sub-Sector"; "Arizona hospital says SSNs [social security numbers] of 700,000 people leaked during April ransomware attack"; "National Cyber Director: Mandates coming to secure commercial information technology"; "ICS [Information and Computer Science] Patch Tuesday: Siemens, Schneider Electric address over 80 vulnerabilities"; and "RSA 2022: NIST releases draft Zero-Trust Architecture guide."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2022-06-16
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Coastal Navigation: Authorized Purposes of Jetties, Breakwaters, and Other Structures Can Impact Corps' Maintenance and Repair
From the Document: "The movement of commerce and the presence of water recreation involve the ability of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to provide safe, reliable, efficient, and environmentally sustainable waterborne transportation systems. As part of the Corps' primary missions, the agency is tasked with maintaining and repairing coastal navigation structures that are part of harbors and ports. The Corps' activities, including the type and scope of coastal navigation structures that the Corps may construct and maintain, are authorized by Congress. Corps officials said the authorization usually refers to the document or report recommending the project to Congress, which Congress then references in the legislation--typically a Rivers and Harbors Act or Water Resources Development Act--authorizing the project. These reports can include specific dimensions for the projects, according to the officials. The Corps is permitted to build or improve a structure, consistent with its authorization. [...] A report accompanying the 2020 Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill includes a provision for us to review how to increase the Corps' capacity to repair and maintain existing projects before they deteriorate to the point of failure. This report describes what factors, if any, affect the Corps' ability to consider impacts not directly related to navigation when determining which existing coastal navigation structures to maintain and repair. To address this objective, we selected examples, reviewed documents, and interviewed officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Feinstein, Dianne; Kennedy, Kevin (Kevin John), 1955-; Kaptur, Marcy . . .
2022-06-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3285, 21st Century President Act
From the Document: "H.R. 3285 would update certain gender-related terms in the definition of the immediate family of a former President who are protected by law from threats. Specifically, the bill would replace the words wife and widow with spouse and surviving spouse in the law. The bill would not affect the total number of persons protected by such laws, so CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 3285 would result in no cost to the federal government."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5585, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Health (ARPA-H) Act
From the Document: "H.R. 5585 would establish the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Health (ARPA-H) as an independent operating division within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and authorize the appropriation of $500 million annually over the 2023-2027 period for its operations and programs. The bill delineates the goals, leadership, staffing, organizational structure, and activities of ARPA-H, including authorities to make grants and contracts and to coordinate with the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on the development and coverage of health innovations. [...] Based on historical spending patterns for similar health research agencies, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that H.R. 5585 would increase spending by $1.7 billion over the 2022-2027 period, assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 4007, Fighting Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Act of 2022
From the Document: "S. 4007 would require the Department of Justice to report to the Congress on potential programs for public safety officers and public safety telecommunicators that provide treatment for job related post-traumatic stress disorder or acute stress disorder. The report also would include draft legislative language for potential programs and their estimated costs. Finally, the bill would require the report to be submitted 150 days after enactment. Using information about the cost of similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the cost to implement the bill would be insignificant; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-06-16
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COVID-19 and Its Continuing Challenges for the Fire Service [audio]
From the Webpage: "The last 2 years have been tumultuous for our country and our world. We've all grappled to learn a new normal and overcome challenges personally and professionally. [...] [In this episode] we wanted to discuss where the fire and emergency medical services are today. What does the future look like and how do we move into the endemic phase? What are some of the unforeseen consequences of the pandemic?" The duration of this audio is 21 minutes and 50 seconds.
United States Fire Administration
Neal, Teresa; Augustine, James
2022-06-16
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Public Law 117-145: Supply Chain Security Training Act of 2021
From the Document: "An Act To manage supply chain risk through counterintelligence training, and for other purposes. [...] Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of General Services, through the Federal Acquisition Institute, shall develop a training program for officials with supply chain risk management responsibilities at Federal agencies. [...] The training program shall be designed to prepare such personnel to perform supply chain risk management activities and identify and mitigate supply chain security risks that arise throughout the acquisition lifecycle, including for the acquisition of information and communications technology."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-16
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H. Rept. 117-374: Keeping Incarceration Discharges Streamlined for Children and Accommodating Resources in Education Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 7233, June 16, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 7233, the 'Keeping Incarceration Discharges Streamlined for Children and Accommodating Resources in Education Act,' or the 'KIDS CARE Act,' requires the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to provide guidances to states intended to increase access to care and monitor children's access to Medicaid services. The bill also creates two limited exceptions to Medicaid's inmate exclusion for certain juveniles. H.R. 7233 requires state Medicaid and CHIP [Children's Health Insurance Program] programs to conduct screenings and referrals covered by Medicaid upon a juvenile's discharge from incarceration."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-06-16
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Combatting Online Harms Through Innovation
From the Executive Summary: "The deployment of AI [artificial intelligence] tools intended to detect or otherwise address harmful online content is accelerating. Largely within the confines -- or via funding from -- the few big technology companies that have the necessary resources and infrastructure, AI tools are being conceived, developed, and used for purposes including combat against many of the harms listed by Congress. Given the amount of online content at issue, this result appears to be inevitable, as a strictly human alternative is impossible or extremely costly at scale. Nonetheless, it is crucial to understand that these tools remain largely rudimentary, have substantial limitations, and may never be appropriate in some cases as an alternative to human judgment. Their use -- both now and in the future -- raises a host of persistent legal and policy concerns. The key conclusion of this report is thus that governments, platforms, and others must exercise great caution in either mandating the use of, or over-relying on, these tools even for the important purpose of reducing harms. Although outside of our scope, this conclusion implies that, if AI is not the answer and if the scale makes meaningful human oversight infeasible, we must look at other ways, regulatory or otherwise, to address the spread of these harms."
United States. Federal Trade Commission
Atleson, Michael
2022-06-16
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Colombia: Presidential Elections in 2022 [June 16, 2022]
From the Document: "On June 19, 2022, Colombia, long a close U.S. ally in Latin America, is scheduled to hold a presidential runoff vote. Whatever the outcome of the election, the new government may seek to reshape [hyperlink] Colombia's relations with the United States; both candidates favor policies very different from those of previous administrations. Congress maintains a keen interest in several issues regarding Colombia, including narcotics, responses to neighboring Venezuela, trade, human rights, and the ongoing peace process [hyperlink]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Beittel, June S.
2022-06-16
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North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions [Updated June 16, 2022]
From the Summary: "U.S. economic sanctions imposed on North Korea are instigated by that country's activities related to weapons proliferation, especially its tests since 2006 of nuclear weapons and missile technology; regional disruptions; international terrorism; narcotics trafficking; undemocratic governance; and illicit activities in international markets, including money laundering, counterfeiting of goods and currency, and bulk cash smuggling. [...] In addition to economic and diplomatic restrictions on the U.S.-North Korea bilateral relationship, other states' failure or resistance to comply with Security Council requirements, sanctions evasion, and transactions with persons and entities subject to U.S. sanctions as part of the United States' policy toward North Korea invites the United States to impose 'secondary sanctions'. Third parties--individuals, entities, or governments--may find their U.S.-based assets blocked, transactions and contracts with U.S. persons prohibited, use of the U.S. financial system denied, and U.S. support in the international financial institutions curtailed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rennack, Dianne E.
2022-06-16
