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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 22, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "HIV Infection and HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs -- 23 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, United States, 2018"; "Self-Management Education Class Attendance and Health Care Provider Counseling for Physical Activity Among Adults with Arthritis -- United States, 2019"; "'Mycobacterium porcinum' Skin and Soft Tissue Infections After Vaccinations -- Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, September 2018-February 2019"; "Temporal Trends in Dietary Sodium Intake Among Adults Aged ≥19 Years -- United States, 2003-2016"; "Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] Vaccination Against COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Hospitalization Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years -- United States, June-September 2021"; "Notes from the Field: Pediatric HIV Outbreak in Ratodero, Pakistan -- April 2019-April 2020"; and "QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Rates of Firearm-Related Homicide, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-10-22
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 22, 2021: Severity of Disease Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Before and During the Period of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Predominance -- COVID-NET, 14 States, January-August 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Severity of Disease Among Adults Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Before and During the Period of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta variant] Predominance -- COVID-NET, 14 States, January-August 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-10-22
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 22, 2021: COVID-19 Vaccination and Non-COVID-19 Mortality Risk -- Seven Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: " COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccination and Non-COVID-19 Mortality Risk -- Seven Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-July 31, 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-10-22
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Climate Change and International Responses Increasing Challenges to US National Security Through 2040
From the Scope Note: "This National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) is in response to a Presidential tasking to assess the national security impacts of climate change. While climate change effects are forecast to intensify in the latter half of the 21st century and continue well beyond 2100, based on current emissions trends and technologies, this NIE assesses the near- (5-10 years) and medium-term (10-20 years) geopolitical implications abroad--we do not assess impacts to the homeland or DOD facilities."
United States. Office of the Director of National Intelligence
2021-10-21?
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Fact Sheet: Prioritizing Climate in Foreign Policy and National Security
From the Document: "Today the Biden-Harris Administration released a suite of analyses from core national security and foreign policy components of the U.S. Government, in coordination with the National Security Council staff, that will serve as a foundation for our critical work on climate and security moving forward. Today's announcements fulfill key requirements of both the January 27 Executive Order (EO) 14008 on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad to put the climate crisis at the center of U.S. foreign policy and national security and the February 29 Executive Order (EO) 14013 on Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2021-10-21
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DHS Strategic Framework for Addressing Climate Change
From the Executive Summary: "The impacts of climate change pose both an acute and a systemic threat to the safety, security, and prosperity of the United States. This human-induced warming has already led to changes in the environment, such as rising ocean temperatures, shrinking sea ice, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification. As our climate continues to warm, the Nation will experience even more extreme climate change related disasters, such as heat waves, droughts, wildfires, coastal storms, and inland flooding. These hazards often disproportionately affect the Nation's most vulnerable communities. As the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) continues to support and coordinate across the homeland security enterprise to address impacts of climate change, the Department will also model best practices to mitigate our own carbon footprint and build resilient capacity to adapt to a rapidly changing environment. This Framework provides the overarching goals, principles, and lines of effort for the Department to counter the effects of climate change on the homeland and join in the global effort to mitigate climate change."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2021-10-21
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2293, CREW Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 14, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2293 would extend certain employment protections afforded under the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) to people who are activated for temporary duty by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in response to disasters declared under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. FEMA currently employs about 12,400 such reservists, who are deployed for duty as needed. [...] Using information from VETS [Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service] about the rate of claim filings for the current USERRA population, CBO expects that extending employment protections to additional people would increase the number of claims, on average, by about five each year. Based on the cost to administer the VETS program, CBO estimates implementing the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-20
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 19, 2021: Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccination Against COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years -- United States, June-September 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This Early Release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccination Against COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Hospitalization Among Persons Aged 12-18 Years -- United States, June-September 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from WWMR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-10-19
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Federal Reserve Lending Programs: Credit Markets Served by the Programs Have Stabilized, but Vulnerabilities Remain, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "On July 30, 2021, the last of the 13 Federal Reserve lending facilities stopped purchasing assets or extending credit. However, some of these facilities, including facilities that were supported through Department of the Treasury funding appropriated under section 4003(b)(4) of the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, continue to hold outstanding assets and loans. The Federal Reserve will continue to monitor and manage the facilities until these assets and loans are no longer outstanding. The CARES Act included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to periodically report on section 4003 loans, loan guarantees, and investments. This report examines the Federal Reserve's continued oversight and monitoring of the CARES Act facilities; what available evidence suggests about the facilities' effects on corporate credit markets, states and municipalities, and small businesses; and the characteristics of Main Street Lending Program participants, among other things. GAO reviewed applicable laws and agency and Federal Reserve Bank documentation; analyzed agency and other data on the facilities and credit markets; interviewed Federal Reserve and Treasury officials and representatives of state and local governments; and conducted a generalizable survey of for-profit Main Street borrowers. [...] The Federal Reserve oversight reviews completed in December 2020 identified opportunities to enhance certain areas, including internal process and controls. These reviews also identified areas for continued monitoring, such as cybersecurity and conflicts of interest. GAO found that Federal Reserve's plans for ongoing monitoring of the facilities align with federal internal control standards for ongoing monitoring of an entity's internal control system."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-10-19
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Information Technology: Cost and Schedule Performance of Selected IRS Investments, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "IRS [Internal Revenue Service] relies extensively on IT [Information Technology] investments to annually collect more than $3.5 trillion in taxes, distribute more than $450 billion in refunds, and carry out its mission of providing service to America's taxpayers in meeting their tax obligations. For fiscal year 2020, the agency reported spending approximately $2.8 billion for these investments. The Joint Explanatory Statement accompanying the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2020 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to annually review the status of IRS's IT investments. GAO's specific objectives were to (1) summarize IRS's reported performance for selected IT investments, including CADE [Customer Account Data Engine] 2; (2) identify IRS's reported progress in implementing its 2019 IT modernization plan; and (3) identify the IT-related actions IRS has taken to maximize telework and operate during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, and any impacts of those actions. GAO obtained IRS's reported performance information for a nonprobability sample of five investments, and compared performance to agency targets. GAO also compared modernization activities that IRS reported completing to those identified in the agency's 2019 IT modernization plan. Further, GAO reviewed agency documentation to identify reported IT actions taken to continue to operate during the pandemic and reported associated impacts. GAO also interviewed cognizant IRS officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-10-19
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Technology Assessment: Quantum Computing and Communications, Status and Prospects, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "Quantum information technologies could dramatically increase capabilities beyond what is possible with classical technologies. Future quantum computers could have high-value applications in security, cryptography, drug development, and energy. Future quantum communications could allow for secure communications by making information challenging to intercept without the eavesdropper being detected. GAO [Government Accountability Office] conducted a technology assessment on (1) the availability of quantum computing and communications technologies and how they work, (2) potential future applications of such technologies and benefits and drawbacks from their development and use, and (3) factors that could affect technology development and policy options available to help address those factors, enhance benefits, or mitigate drawbacks. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed key reports and scientific literature; interviewed government, industry, academic representatives, and potential end users; and convened a meeting of experts in collaboration with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. GAO is identifying policy options in this report. [...] Quantum information technologies aim to use the properties of nature at atomic scales to accomplish tasks that are not achievable with existing technologies. These technologies rely on 'qubits', the quantum equivalent of classical computer bits. Scientists are creating qubits from particles, such as atoms or particles of light, or objects that mimic them, such as superconducting circuits. [...] However, quantum information cannot be copied, is fragile, and can be irreversibly lost, resulting in errors that are challenging to correct. [...] GAO identified four factors that affect quantum technology development and use: (1) collaboration, (2) workforce size and skill, (3) investment, and (4) the supply chain."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-10-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1508, Guidance Clarity Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform on July 20, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 1508 would require federal agencies to include text in their guidance documents to clarify that such guidance is not legally binding. Guidance documents typically explain how regulations are interpreted by the agency but do not carry the force of law. Agencies disseminate guidance to the public in memorandums, notices, bulletins, directives, news releases, letters, blog posts, or speeches. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that placing a clarifying statement in each guidance document would not significantly increase agencies' administrative costs. CBO estimates that the administrative expenses associated with implementing H.R. 1508 would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting H.R. 1508 could affect direct spending by some agencies that are allowed to use fees, receipts from the sale of goods, and other collections to cover operating costs. CBO estimates that any net changes in direct spending by those agencies would be negligible because most of them can adjust amounts collected to reflect changes in operating costs. On September 15, 2021, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for S. 533 [hyperlink], Guidance Clarity Act of 2021, as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 14, 2021. The two bills are similar, and the estimated costs are the same."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-18
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'Climate Lockdown' and the Culture Wars: How COVID-19 Sparked a New Narrative Against Climate Action
From the Executive Summary: "In September 2020, ISD [Institute for Strategic Dialogue] analysts identified an emerging trend on social media relating to the term 'climate lockdown'. This spike in volume seemed to be driven primarily by climate sceptics, who claimed that the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic was merely a precursor to future 'green tyranny', and that both governments and global elites would curtail civil liberties under the pretext of climate change. Over the following eight months, analysts conducted a detailed study of the emergence and mainstreaming of this phrase across Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. [...] This report details the chronological growth and evolution of 'climate lockdown', divided into two sections. The first outlines how the narrative emerged and was repurposed by malign actors, making its way onto different social media platforms. The second illustrates how liberal media missteps in early 2021 reignited the narrative, causing it to merge with other, pre-existing conspiracies and ultimately become centred in wider anti-elite discourse. The report concludes with potential lessons for climate change communications, not least in the run-up to major events like COP26 [2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference], national elections and regional votes on legislation."
Institute for Strategic Dialogue; CASM Technology
Maharasingam-Shah, Eisha; Vaux, Pierre
2021-10-18?
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1289, Marine Mammal Research and Response Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on May 12, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1289 would reauthorize and amend the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) and would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts through the 2026 period for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) to conduct specific activities. [...] CBO assumes that the bill will be enacted by the end of calendar year 2021. Estimated outlays are based on historical spending patterns for existing and similar programs. CBO estimates implementing S. 1289 would cost $46 million over the 2022-2026 period, assuming appropriation of authorized and estimated amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1927, Capta Reauthorization Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions on June 10, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1927 would reauthorize and amend the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) and title II of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment and Adoption Reform Act of 1978. Although the authorizations for the programs in those acts expired at the end of 2015, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has continued to allocate funds for them, including about $230 million in 2021. The bill would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts in 2022 and the appropriation of whatever amounts are necessary for each year from 2023 through 2027."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1319, VA Quality Health Care Accountability and Transparency Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs on July 28, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1319 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to publish and regularly update information about health care staffing, patient wait times, and other information regarding the quality of care it provides on its Access to Care public website. The department would be required to audit the accuracy of that information annually. The published data would be directly accessed from the department's main homepage as well as the homepage of each of its medical facilities. VA publishes the required information on its websites and performs quality audits on its reporting under the VA Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act. Thus, CBO expects that VA's current practices would satisfy those requirements. The bill also would require VA to report to the Congress on the results of each audit on an annual basis. Using information about similar reports, CBO estimates that satisfying that requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2026 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-15
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 15, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2017 and 2018 -- National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2018-2020"; "Binge Drinking Among Adults, by Select Characteristics and State -- United States, 2018"; "Differences in State Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Deaths, by Principal Mechanism of Injury, Intent, and Percentage of Population Living in Rural Areas -- United States, 2016-2018"; "Notes from the Field: Fatal Anthrax Pneumonia in Welders and Other Metalworkers Caused by Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria Containing Anthrax Toxin Genes -- U.S. Gulf Coast States, 1994-2020"; and "QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Rates of Firearm-Related Suicide, by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-10-15
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Commentary: What Can Masks Do? Part 2: What Makes for a Good Mask Study -- and Why Most Fail
From the Document: "As noted in part 1 [hyperlink], not all facepieces designed to protect against respiratory diseases like COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] are created equal, and they must be considered as only one tier in a hierarchy of protective steps. Here in part 2 we spell out why not all studies involving cloth face coverings or surgical/medical masks warrant equal consideration. We'll detail the necessary elements of a rigorous study and explore some recent studies that, though highly touted by both scientists and the lay press, fell quite a bit short of the ideal. Again, at the outset, we underscore that we are not 'anti-mask.' Rather, we are in favor of wearing the most protective type of facepiece for the setting--such as a non-fit tested respirator when spending more than a few minutes in a crowded, indoor space--and only in combination with other interventions."
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy
Brosseau, Lisa M.; Ulrich, Angela K.; Escandón, Kevin . . .
2021-10-15
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Roadmap to Build a Climate-Resilient Economy
From the Foreword: "The scientific evidence on climate change has grown increasingly stark. Continued warming will further destabilize our climate and produce more frequent and intense storms, wildfires, and heatwaves as well as more damaging droughts and more extensive ecosystem losses. In August 2021, the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its latest report in which 234 of the world's leading scientists, citing over 14,000 different studies, concluded with high confidence that the climate crisis is a 'code red for humanity.' [...] This report lays out a strategy to advance a whole-of-government effort that safeguards workers and families from financial loss and positions the United States for success in the fight against climate change. It includes a roadmap for a long-term effort to build climate resilience throughout the U.S. economy and drive better long-term investment outcomes for ordinary Americans. Specifically, this report pushes forward on a broader economic strategy that invests in the country's physical and human infrastructure, reimagines public procurement policy as a tool to strategically shape markets and spread innovation, embeds resilience within supply chains critical to the clean energy transition, leverages the full talent and creativity of all Americans by elevating equity as a top priority in all policy decision-making, and restores the United States' relationship with key allies internationally, finding common ground to meet the global goals of the Paris Agreement."
United States. White House Office
2021-10-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4626, VA Assessment by Independent Measures Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs on July 28, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 4626 would require the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to contract with one or more private entities to conduct an extensive assessment of its health care system at least once every 10 years. That audit would evaluate the VA health care system in 16 areas including patient demographics, staffing and productivity, and business processes. The bill also would require the private entity to use data that has already been collected during other evaluations when feasible. The private entity would complete the initial assessment by the end of 2025 and submit a report on its findings and recommendations. Under the Veterans Access, Choice, and Accountability Act of 2014, VA spent $66 million for a private entity to conduct an in-depth assessment of similar scope, which included audits of several of the areas identified in the bill. On the basis of those costs, accounting for savings from using existing data, and adjusting for inflation, CBO estimates that completing the assessment would cost $56 million over the 2022-2026 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2792, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Armed Services on September 22, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2792 would authorize appropriations totaling an estimated $768.0 billion over the 2022-2026 period. CBO estimates that appropriation of the authorized amounts would increase outlays by $741.7 billion over the 2022-2026 period. The bill also contains provisions that would affect the costs of defense programs that would be funded with discretionary appropriations in 2023 and future years. Those provisions mainly would affect force structure, compensation and benefits, and multiyear procurement of weapons systems. CBO has analyzed the costs of some of those provisions and estimates that they would, on a net basis, increase the cost of those programs compared to current law by about $10.5 billion over the 2023-2026 period. The net costs of those provisions in 2023 and beyond are not included in the total amount of outlays described above because CBO expects that appropriations for those activities would be specifically authorized in National Defense Authorization Acts in future years. In addition, enacting S. 2792 would increase direct spending by $786 million over the 2022-2031 period. The bill would have insignificant effects on revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-14
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 41, October 14, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Getting ready for Crash Responder Safety Week on Nov. 8-14, webinar Oct. 20"; "DEA [Drug Enforcement Administration] seizes record numbers of fake prescription pills, launches One Pill Can Kill campaign"; "DOT [Department of Transportation] awards nearly $100 million for pipeline and hazardous materials safety programs"; "Webinars: NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] and CISA Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] on emergency communications cybersecurity, Oct. 21 and Oct. 26"; "
NSA [National Security Agency] releases guidance on avoiding the dangers of wildcard TLS [Transport Layer Security] Certificates and ALPACA [Allowing Cross-Protocol Attacks] techniques"; "In-person, remote, and hybrid! Oh my! Securing your new reality with TIC [Trusted Internet Connections] 3.0"; "Arizona opens new cybersecurity operations center"; "Unpatched Dahua cams vulnerable to unauthenticated remote access"; "HC3 [Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center] warns health sector against LockBit ransomware variant".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2021-10-14
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Commentary: What Can Masks Do? Part 1: The Science Behind COVID-19 Protection
From the Document: "Confusion continues to abound over the effectiveness of masks to protect people from COVID-19, and recent news stories touting imperfect studies are only compounding the situation. [...] In part 1 of this commentary we will cut through the murk by: [1] Explaining the differences between cloth face coverings (or cloth masks), surgical masks, and respirators in the context of infectious aerosol inhalation. [2] Delving into the science of respiratory protection. [3] Discussing the role of masks and respirators in the hierarchy of controls for disease prevention."
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy
Brosseau, Lisa M.; Ulrich, Angela K.; Escandón, Kevin . . .
2021-10-14
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EMS by the Numbers: 'Impact of COVID-19 (October 14, 2021)'
From the Document: "This document is provided by NHTSA [National Highway Traffic Safety Administration] in an effort to help State EMS [emergency medical services] Officials track particular EMS activations occurring during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. This document will be updated periodically to provide current information regarding temporal variations in the type and characteristics of EMS activations occurring in the U.S. during the COVID-19 outbreak."
National Emergency Medical Services Information System
Mann, N. Clay
2021-10-14
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CBO Presentation: CBO's Budget and Economic Analysis During the Pandemic
This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) presentation provides information on the following: "Budgetary Effects of Laws Enacted in Response to the 2020-2021 Coronavirus Pandemic, March and April 2020"; "Budgetary Effects of Major Laws Enacted in Response to the 2020-2021 Coronavirus Pandemic, December 2020 and March 2021"; "Health Analysis"; and "Macroeconomic Analysis."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Swagel, Phillip
2021-10-13
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ICE Needs to Improve Its Oversight of Segregation Use in Detention Facilities
From the DHS OIG (Office of Inspector General) Highlights: "Congress and the public have expressed concerns regarding prolonged or excessive use of segregation at ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] detention facilities. Additionally, academic research has found segregation can have negative psychological effects, particularly for those with preexisting mental illnesses and those with an established risk for suicide. We conducted this audit to determine whether ICE's use of administrative and disciplinary segregation across all authorized detention facilities complies with ICE detention standards. [...] We made three recommendations to improve ICE's oversight and reporting the use of segregation at detention facilities."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-10-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1894, Regional Ocean Partnership Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 16, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1894 would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts totaling $57 million over the 2022-2026 period for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to provide grants to regional ocean partnerships. Those partnerships would consist of coastal states that share a common ocean or coastal area. Under the bill, a partnership would coordinate conservation efforts and other related activities of state, federal, and tribal governments and work with international counterparts to conserve shared coastal resources. The bill would designate four current partnerships under the program and create a process for other groups of two or more coastal states to apply for recognition as such a partnership. Based on historical spending patterns for similar activities, and assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing S. 1894 would cost $49 million over the 2022-2026 period and $7 million after 2026 (about 1 percent of the authorized amounts would not be spent)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4094, One-Stop Pilot Program Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on September 29, 2021. From the Document: "Under current law, international air passengers arriving in the United States who have subsequent transfer flights generally must be screened at an airport security checkpoint before boarding the transfer flight. H.R. 4094 would authorize the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), in coordination with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to conduct a pilot program that would allow passengers and baggage arriving from certain foreign airports to bypass that security screening, under conditions specified in the act. TSA could conduct the pilot program under agreements with up to six foreign airports and the program would terminate six years after enactment. H.R. 4094 would require TSA to brief the Congress before each agreement takes effect and report within five years of enactment on how the program was implemented. Using information from TSA on the cost of similar programs, CBO estimates that implementing the act would cost $1 million over the 2022-2026 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-10-12
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H. Rept. 117-142: Small Business Advanced Cybersecurity Enhancements Act of 2021, Report to Accompany H.R. 4513, October 12, 2021
From the Document: "The purpose of H.R. 4513, the 'Small Business Advanced Cybersecurity Enhancements Act', is to amend the Small Business Act to provide for the establishment of enhanced cybersecurity assistance and protections for small businesses. [...] As Small Business Administration (SBA) Resource Partners, Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) promote the economic growth of small firms, generating business revenue, job creation and job retention, as well as advancing local and regional economies. SBDCs deliver management and technical assistance to small businesses through an extensive business education network comprised of 62 lead centers managing nearly 1,000 outreach locations throughout the country. They deliver professional business advice and training focused on strategic planning, business development, financial planning, and cash flow management to hundreds of thousands of business clients annually. As more small businesses adopt digital tools, they become more vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks. These incidents can have major consequences, but small businesses may not have the resources to mitigate cybersecurity risks. Small businesses may not have designated information technology (IT) staff and lack in-house technical knowledge to manage adequate protection measures. In the event of a cyberattack, small businesses may face loss of income and customers as well as regulatory fines and penalties, and damage to credit. Because small businesses are often part of the supply chain for large companies and government procurement systems, a breach could have significant impact on the larger economy."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-10-12
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H. Rept. 117-138: SBA Cyber Awareness Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 3462, October 12, 2021
From the Purpose and Bill Summary: "The purpose of H.R. 3462, the 'SBA Cyber Awareness Act', is to amend the Small Business Act (the Act) to require the Small Business Administrator (SBA) to issue annual reports assessing its information technology (IT) and cybersecurity infrastructure and notify Congress and affected parties of cyber incidents when they occur. Specifically, the bill would require SBA to issue annual reports, which must include the following information: (1) an assessment of SBA's IT and cybersecurity infrastructure; (2) its strategy to improve cybersecurity protections; (3) a detailed account of any IT equipment of SBA that was manufactured by an entity with a principal place of business in the People's Republic of China; and 4) an account of any cybersecurity risk or incident occurring within the two years preceding the date the report is submitted, and SBA's actions to remediate the cybersecurity risk or incident. In addition, if a cybersecurity risk or incident occurred, SBA is instructed to notify the House and Senate small business committees (committees) within 7 days. And within 30 days notify the individuals and small business concerns affected by the cybersecurity risk or incident, and submit a report summarizing how the cybersecurity risk or incident occurred and how many parties were affected to the committees."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-10-12
