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Navy Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 20, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Navy's Next-Generation Logistics Ship (NGLS) program envisages procuring a new class of medium-sized at-sea resupply ships for the Navy. The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $27.8 million in research and development funding for the program. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's proposed funding requests and emerging acquisition strategy for the NGLS program. Congress's decisions on this issue could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-21
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Navy Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 20, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Navy's new Light Amphibious Warship (LAW) program, which envisions procuring a class of 24 to 35 new amphibious ships to support the Marine Corps, particularly in implementing a new Marine Corps operational concept called Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations (EABO). The Navy envisions the first LAW being procured in FY2023. The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $13.2 million in research and development funding for the program."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-20
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Haiti: Concerns After the Presidential Assassination [Updated July 19, 2021]
From the Document: "Armed assailants assassinated Haitian President Jovenel Moïse in his private home in the capital, Port-au-Prince, early on July 7, 2021. Many details of the attack remain under investigation. Haitian police have arrested more than 20 people [hyperlink], including former Colombian soldiers, two Haitian Americans, and a Haitian with long-standing ties to Florida. A Pentagon spokesperson said the U.S. military helped train a 'small number' [hyperlink] of the Colombian suspects in the past. Protesters and opposition groups had been calling for Moïse to resign since 2019. The assassination's aftermath, on top of several preexisting crises in Haiti, likely points to a period of major instability, presenting challenges for U.S. policymakers and for congressional oversight of the U.S. response and assistance. The Biden Administration requested $188 million in U.S. assistance for Haiti in FY2022. Congress has previously [hyperlink] held hearings [hyperlink], and the co-chair of the House Haiti Caucus made a statement [hyperlink] on July 7 suggesting reexaminations of U.S. policy options on Haiti."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Taft-Morales, Maureen
2021-07-19
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FDA COVID-19 Response 'At-a-Glance Summary as of July 19, 2021'
From the Document: "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration [FDA], along with other federal, state, and local agencies and public health officials across the country, continues critical work to protect public health during the pandemic of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Major focus areas of the FDA's response include increasing the availability of tests, therapeutics, vaccines and devices such as ventilators and personal protective equipment, and many other important items necessary for the response. The FDA is also monitoring the human and animal food supply and taking swift action on fraudulent COVID-19 products."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
2021-07-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of H.R. 2668, the Consumer Protection and Recovery Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Energy and Commerce on June 10, 2021. From the Document: "The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. [...] H.R. 2668 would restore the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC's) authority to obtain monetary relief through restitution or disgorgement. When the FTC cannot return that relief to harmed consumers, the money is remitted to the Treasury as revenues. Using information from the FTC on the amount of revenues remitted to the Treasury prior to the decision in AMG Capital Management, LLC v. FTC., CBO estimates those additional revenues would total about $4 million per year."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-19
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MMWR Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 16, 2021: Antimicrobial Treatment and Prophylaxis of Plague: Recommendations for Naturally Acquired Infections and Bioterrorism Response
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR Recommendations and Reports contains the following: "Antimicrobial Treatment and Prophylaxis of Plague: Recommendations for Naturally Acquired Infections and Bioterrorism Response." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-07-16
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 16, 2021: Heat-Related Emergency Department Visits During the Northwestern Heat Wave -- United States, June 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Heat-Related Emergency Department Visits During the Northwestern Heat Wave -- United States, June 2021." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from MMWR can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2021.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-07-16
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Budgetary Effects of the Tax Credit for Employer-Paid Sick and Family Leave During the Coronavirus Pandemic
From the Document: "I am writing to provide information about the budgetary effects of the tax credit for employer-paid sick and family leave. The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) required qualifying businesses to provide paid leave to employees for absences related to the coronavirus pandemic. [...] Subsequent legislation--the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and the Economic Security (CARES) Act; the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (CAA); and the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA)--modified the credit and extended it through September 30, 2021. [...] CBO's [Congressional Budget Office] estimates of the credit's effects on revenues and outlays prepared near the time of FFCRA's enactment were reflected in its budget projections (often called its baseline) over the past year. On the basis of those original estimates of claims for the credit and the related behavioral responses, CBO increased projected deficits by approximately $113 billion in total--$105 billion upon the enactment of FFCRA and an additional $8 billion following the enactment of the CARES Act, the CAA, and ARPA."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Swagel, Phillip
2021-07-16
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CBO's Estimate of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of H.R. 3985, the Allies Act of 2021
From the Document: "The Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 establishes budget-reporting and enforcement procedures for legislation affecting direct spending or revenues. The net changes in outlays that are subject to those procedures are shown here. H.R. 3985 would increase by 8,000 the number of special immigrant visas (SIVs) available to certain Afghans who were employed by, or on behalf of, the U.S. government or the International Security Assistance Force (or any successor name for such force) at any point since 2001. Additional SIVs, not subject to limitation, are available to certain relatives of those employees who themselves received SIVs. Afghan special immigrants are eligible upon entry into the United States for all federal benefit programs if they meet the other eligibility standards for those programs. Most of the costs would arise from federal health and nutrition programs."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-16
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Sovereign Debt and the COVID-19 Pandemic [July 16, 2021]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing downturn in economic growth has had significant economic and financial consequence for low-income countries. The World Bank estimates that the pandemic led to 97 million more people being in poverty in 2020. Several countries have already defaulted on their sovereign debt, and many others are at high levels of debt distress, potentially impeding their ability to support recovery."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weiss, Martin A.
2021-07-16
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 16, 2021
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccination Coverage Among Insured Persons Aged ≥16 Years, by Race/Ethnicity and Other Selected Characteristics -- Eight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 15, 2021"; "COVID-19 Vaccine Administration, by Race and Ethnicity -- North Carolina, December 14, 2020-April 6, 2021"; "Acceptability of Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccination Among Adolescents and Parents of Adolescents -- United States, April 15-23, 2021"; "SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a Gymnastics Facility -- Oklahoma, April-May 2021"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage, of Men and Women Aged 25-49 Years Who Spent at Least One Night in the Past 12 Months at an Alternate Location Because They Did Not Have a Permanent Place To Stay, by Type of Location -- National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2017-2019."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-07-16
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Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues [Updated July 16, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Members of Congress and Pentagon officials have placed a growing emphasis on U.S. programs to develop hypersonic weapons as a part of an effort to acquire the capability for the United States to launch prompt attacks against targets around the world. Hypersonic weapons, like all long-range ballistic missiles, can travel faster than Mach 5, or about 1 mile to 5 miles per second. The interest in these weapons is driven by both the perceived mission need for conventional prompt strike systems and concerns about falling behind Russia and China in the development of these technologies. The United States is pursuing two key technologies for this purpose: boost-glide systems that place a hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) atop a ballistic missile booster or shorter-range rocket systems, and hypersonic cruise missiles that would use scramjet technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2021-07-16
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Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction: Opportunities for DHS to Better Address Longstanding Program Challenges, Statement of Chris P. Currie, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "In December 2018, statute established the CWMD [Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction] office, reorganizing several legacy offices, including the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office and Office of Health Affairs into one. The office manages programs intended to enhance the United States' ability to detect, deter, and defend against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats. However, programs operated and managed by the CWMD office have faced longstanding challenges, some which predate the reorganization. This statement describes our 2016 work related to the CWMD office formation and findings from our past reports on CWMD programs from 2009 through May 2021, including challenges and opportunities for the effective operations and implementation of key programs related to biodefense, nuclear security, and chemical security."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Currie, Chris P.
2021-07-16
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Overview of Department of Defense Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum [Updated July 16, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Department of Defense (DOD) is the largest federal user of the electromagnetic spectrum ('the spectrum'). It holds frequencies across multiple bands to support a number of technologies and uses. DOD utilizes spectrum on a day-to-day basis, for training, and for military operations. Thus, any changes to spectrum could affect DOD operations, both domestically and with allies abroad. Further, DOD has invested significantly in spectrum-dependent technologies. A summary of some of these technologies, including wireless communications, satellites, radar technologies that support situational awareness, signal intelligence and electronic warfare technologies, is provided [herein]. Changes in spectrum may affect how DOD can use, manipulate, or develop these technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Sayler, Kelley M.; Gallagher, Jill C.
2021-07-16
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Worker Rights Provisions and U.S. Trade Policy [July 16, 2021]
From the Summary: "Worker rights provisions are a prominent and often contentious issue in debates over U.S. trade negotiations, agreements and programs. Congress has input into and oversight over the design and implementation of U.S. trade agreements and policies, and interest in monitoring their impact on U.S. industries and workers. Broadly, Congress also has an interest in the U.S. role in setting labor standards and promoting fair competition in the global trading system. [...] This report provides background and analysis on key U.S. trade policies addressing worker rights abroad. It contextualizes the U.S. approach with key debates and comparison with global approaches. Several issues may be of interest to Congress, including the role of U.S. trade agreements and programs as vehicles for improving labor rights; the role of multilateral institutions; compliance with labor commitments and approaches to enforcement; and debates over capacity building efforts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.
2021-07-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1931, Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on May 27, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1931 would provide budget authority over the 2022-2026 period for the Department of Transportation (DOT) to continue operating the Federal-Aid Highway Program, which is funded from the Highway Trust Fund. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of funds for certain other transportation programs administered by DOT, the Department of the Interior, and other federal agencies."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-15
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 28, July 15, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "FDA no longer authorizes use of non-NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]- approved or decontaminated disposable respirators"; "DHS S&T [Science and Technology Directorate] showcases research and technology for resilience against pandemics, natural disasters and threats"; "FEMA webinar series on competitive Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant programs"; "EMI [Emergency Management Institute] releases 2022 schedule for Virtual Tabletop Exercise Program"; "New StopRansomware.gov website - The US government's one-stop location to stop ransomware"; "Connecticut becomes third state to incentivize cybersecurity best practices for businesses"; and "ISAC [Information Sharing and Analysis Center] National Webinar: The Call is Coming from Inside the House - Understanding the Insider Threat."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2021-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2016, Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 16, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2016 would provide budget authority over the 2022-2026 period for the Department of Transportation (DOT) to continue to operate motor carrier safety programs and highway and motor vehicle safety programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of funds for rail programs and certain other transportation programs administered by DOT."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-15
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Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several permanently authorized programs to help producers recover from natural disasters. Most of these programs offer financial assistance to producers for a loss in the production of crops or livestock. In addition to the production assistance programs, USDA also has several permanent disaster assistance programs that help producers restore damaged crop and forest land following natural disasters. These programs offer financial and technical assistance to producers to repair, restore, and mitigate damage on private land. These emergency agricultural land assistance programs include the Emergency Conservation Program (ECP), the Emergency Forest Restoration Program (EFRP), and the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program. In addition to these programs, USDA also has flexibility in administering other programs that assist with the repair of damaged cropland in the event of an emergency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stubbs, Megan
2021-07-15
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FY2022 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President's proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President's submission is required on or after the first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). At times, the President's submission has been delayed beyond the statutory deadline. This year the President released the budget submission on May 28, 2021. This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2022 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Wilson, Carol
2021-07-15
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Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa [July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is among the world's most water-stressed and vulnerable to climate change. Policymakers' concerns about a changing MENA climate include not only physical and economic impacts but also the potential implications for political stability and security in a volatile region. Projections of various effects of climate change on the largely arid and semi-arid MENA region are available, although regional analyses are often constrained by limited data for MENA and downscaling from global models. Given MENA's geographic span--from Morocco to Iran-- and topographic variation (e.g., mountains, deserts, and deltas), local effects may differ from regional trends."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Carter, Nicole T.; Procita, Kezee
2021-07-15
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Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Overview: "In the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (hereinafter referred to as 'Jordan'), economic hardship exacerbated by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is further straining the political system. In recent months, the reign of 59-year-old monarch King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein (hereinafter King Abdullah II), has been challenged both from within the royal family and by tribal elites that have formed the bedrock of the kingdom since its establishment a century ago. While as of July 2021 there is no imminent crisis endangering King Abdullah's rule, public infighting from within the royal family, periodic protests from economically disaffected Jordanians, and a recent resumption in Israeli-Palestinian violence may be cause for concern among some U.S. policymakers. The United States considers Jordan a key partner in promoting Middle East peace, countering terrorism, and promoting interfaith cooperation in a volatile region. No other country in the world receives as much direct U.S. economic budgetary aid on an annual basis as Jordan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell
2021-07-15
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Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's Constellation (FFG-62) class frigate program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $1,087.9 million (i.e., about $1.1 billion) for the procurement of the third FFG-62, and $69.1 million in advance procurement (AP) funding for the fourth and fifth FFG-62s, which are programmed for procurement in one or more future fiscal years. The FFG-62 program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-15
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National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations [July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "Every two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nation's progress towards preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises have multiple components, and culminate in a large, full-scale exercise with thousands of participants from multiple federal agencies, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments, industry partners, and nongovernmental organizations. The next NLE, scheduled for 2022, is to test the nation's ability to respond to a simulated earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Pacific Northwest, as well as subsequent aftershocks, tsunamis, and a Spill of National Significance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stienstra, Lauren
2021-07-15
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Wildfire Statistics [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "Wildfires are unplanned and unwanted fires, including lightning-caused fires, unauthorized human-caused fires, and escaped prescribed fire projects. States are responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on nonfederal (state, local, and private) lands, except for lands protected by federal agencies under cooperative agreements. The federal government is responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on federal lands. [...] As of July 15, 2021, over 34,000 wildfires have impacted nearly 2.3 million acres. The nationwide preparedness level is at the maximum level (5), suggesting significant commitment of shared resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie; Hanson, Laura A.
2021-07-15
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Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "Recent debates about U.S. nuclear weapons have questioned what role weapons with shorter ranges and lower yields can play in addressing emerging threats in Europe and Asia. These weapons, often referred to as nonstrategic nuclear weapons, have not been limited by past U.S.- Russian arms control agreements. Some analysts argue such limits would be of value, particularly in addressing Russia's greater numbers of these types of weapons. Others have argued that the United States should expand its deployments of these weapons, in both Europe and Asia, to address new risks of war conducted under a nuclear shadow. The Trump Administration addressed these questions in the Nuclear Posture Review released in February 2018, and determined that the United States should acquire two new types of nuclear weapons: a new low-yield warhead for submarine-launched ballistic missiles and a new sea-launched cruise missile. The Biden Administration may reconsider these weapons when it conducts its Nuclear Posture Review in the latter half of 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2021-07-15
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Navy Large Unmanned Surface and Undersea Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential issues for Congress for three types of large unmanned vehicles (UVs) that the Navy wants to develop and procure in FY2022 and beyond: [1] Large Unmanned Surface Vehicles (LUSVs); [2] Medium Unmanned Surface Vehicles (MUSVs); and [3] Extra-large Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (XLUUVs). The Navy wants to acquire these large UVs as part of an effort to shift the Navy to a new fleet architecture (i.e., a new combination of ships and other platforms) that is more widely distributed than the Navy's current fleet architecture. The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $434.1 million in research and development funding for these large UVs and their enabling technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3076, Postal Service Reform Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform on May 13, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 3076 would make several changes to the operations of the Postal Service (USPS) and establish new enrollment procedures and benefit programs for USPS employees and annuitants. USPS cash flows are recorded in the Postal Service Fund and are classified as off-budget; the cash flows of other accounts affected by H.R. 3076 are classified as on-budget. For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 3076 will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2021."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-14
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Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: Frequently Asked Questions
From the Document: "This document contains answers to frequently asked questions regarding the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (CSFRF / CLFRF, or Fiscal Recovery Funds). Treasury will be updating this document periodically in response to questions received from stakeholders."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2021-07-14
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Crisis in Mali [Updated July 14, 2021]
From the Document: "Once seen as a democratic leader, Mali has become an epicenter of regional conflict and instability over the past decade. The military's ouster of the elected president in August 2020 highlighted governance failings and deepened political uncertainty. In May 2021, the same soldiers overthrew the transitional civilian leaders whom they had put in place, after chafing at Transition President Bah N'Daw's effort to replace two junta members as cabinet ministers. The leader of both coups, Colonel Assimi Goïta, has replaced N'Daw as Transition President; allied officers hold four cabinet posts and lead the transitional legislature. Under regional pressure, Goïta has promised elections in February 2022 in which he will not be a candidate, but observers question his commitment. Transitional leaders also have pledged a constitutional referendum to advance the government's 2015 peace deal with northern rebels"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis
2021-07-14
