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• Multi-Agency Ocean Rescue Disaster Plan and Drill: Broward County, Florida

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  "This report discusses the Broward County off-shore emergency response plan, the background considerations made that were used to set up the drill, the drill itself, and lessons learned from the drill. Many fire and rescue organizations can benefit from the concepts in this response plan, even though the plan was specifically designed for an off-shore response at a particular location. Its concept and design can be applied to almost any type of disaster that involves multiple agencies. The lessons learned are applicable to almost any type of multi-casualty incident or exercise. […] On December 6, 1994, the Broward County, Florida, Fire and Rescue Division and a host of other local, state, and federal agencies participated in an aircraft disaster drill in the intracoastal waterway near the Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International Airport. The purpose of the drill was to test the interagency response plan for a downed aircraft in the water. The plan was devised to integrate the response capabilities of multiple agencies under a unified command system. Each of the agencies participating in the drill was charged with a specific emergency response role, and each brought different rescue capabilities which would be necessary to efficiently and expediently handle an off-shore crash with multiple victims. The drill was designed to be as realistic as possible. It included hundreds of victims both on land and in the water, mutual aid fire and emergency medical agencies, the airport fire department, private ambulances, boats, helicopters, the media, and hospitals."

  United States Fire Administration

  1994-12
• Joint Force Quarterly: Autumn/Winter 1994-95, Issue 6 [November 1994]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Canby, Steven L.

  1994-11
• Global Proliferation-Dynamics, Acquisition Strategies, and Responses: Volume 2-Nuclear Proliferation

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  "The proliferation of nuclear weapons, as well as their associated missile delivery systems, is increasingly acknowledged to be one of the most important threats to U.S. security and global stability in the emerging post-Cold War world. Prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA), this report: a. Assesses the current proliferation situation, including incentives and disincentives for acquisition, current outcomes, and future trends. b. Highlights different weapons acquisition strategies that countries have pursued and continue to pursue. c. Describes current policies to contain, cap or rollback, or deal with proliferation. d. Identifies key policy challenges as well as new initiatives to help strengthen U.S. efforts. e. Identifies areas in which the Department of Defense (DoD) may be able to make significant contributions to U.S. nonproliferation efforts."

  United States. Defense Nuclear Agency

  Dunn, Lewis A.; Bailey, Charles; Bernstein, Paul I.

  1994-09
• Revolution in Military Affairs and Conflict Short of War

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  "Although much of the examination of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has focused on mid- or high-intensity conflict, the authors examine the potential impact of an RMA in that portion of the spectrum of conflict between peace and war. They conclude that while the impact of purely military innovation will always be less in conflict short of war than in conventional warfare, nonetheless there may be utility in applying emerging technology and new operational concepts in that arena. They caution, however, that risks are associated with the pursuit of revolutionary change, and that seeking an RMA in conflict short of war could demand fundamental changes in American attitudes and values."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Kievit, James; Metz, Steven, 1956-

  1994-07-25
• Terror 2000: The Future Face of Terrorism

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  "Each year the Department of Defense convenes its Worldwide Combatting Terrorism Conference in order to review the nature and level of terrorist activity around the globe. The purpose is to identify changing motives, tactics and targets so our government may better defend our interests and those of our friends and allies. The fifth annual conference, held in June 1993, was somewhat different. This time the focus was not on the immediate future, but included an examination of the long-term threat. Participation which traditionally had been limited to preeminent intelligence, military, political and academic specialists from around the world was broadened to include leading futurists. This elite group was given two assignments. First, they must forecast, to the best of their ability, the course of terrorism for the next fifteen years. Then on the basis of their projections, they would help craft policies, strategies and tactics by suggesting courses of action and specific initiatives to meet the developing threat as they foresaw it. There would be no sacred cows. All aspects of America's policy for combatting terrorism would be on the table for examination and discussion. It was decided that a study would be prepared to apprise the government and the public of the conference findings and of subsequent research that would focus on the long-term terrorist threat and what must be done to meet the challenge. The object would be to stimulate discussion and examination by providing a provocative, unconstrained and independent point of view rather than a coordinated, homogenized distillation of current thinking."

  United States. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict

  Cetron, Marvin J.

  1994-06-24
• Joint Force Quarterly: Spring 1994, Issue 4 [May 1994]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  1994-05
• Will the United States Eventually be Held Hostage by its Own High Technology Conventional Weapons? The Effect of Technology Transfer on International Terrorism

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  "This thesis reveals a disturbing transformation. International terrorists' present unsophisticated arsenals are slowly evolving into high- technology conventional weaponry. Alarmingly, an increasing portion results from U.S. and Western technology because of technology transfer. With the abating trend of terrorist attacks predicted to continue, the thesis discerns this does not suggest a decline in terrorism. On the contrary, through product and process technology transfers, the number of organizations that possess the technological capabilities to produce advanced Western weapons has skyrocketed in the last decade. Therefore, though attacks continue to decrease, terrorists' carnage will likely increase due to the technologies they acquire. With the global diffusion of technologies, countries are relying less on U.S. markets. This thesis acknowledges it is virtually impossible to restrict U.S. exports to industrial countries without severely restricting American competition. However, 'strong fences' must be built around 'small areas' to thwart the terrorist acquisition of U.S. and Western private arms suppliers."

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Kovarovic, Paul C.

  1994-04
• Research Paper: Immigration Emergencies: Learning from the Past, Planning for the Future

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  This paper attempts to review various aspects of preparedness, institutional responses, long-term adjustments, and special cases that must be considered in addressing immigration emergencies. In discussing these components through the lens of the Cuban-Haitian crisis and the Central American influx, the paper focuses on: Expectations on the eve of the Cuban-Haitian crisis in 1980 and in relation to the expansion of direct migration from Central America to the U.S. in the ensuing years; Results and impact of such expectations on existing procedures; Legislative and administrative changes instituted during that period, and; Lessons that can be distilled from the U.S. experience with immigration emergencies in the 1980s.

  U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform

  Bolton, Gretchen

  1994-02
• Terrorism and America: A Comprehensive Review of the Threat, Policy, and Law, Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on Examining the Scope of Current Threats of Terrorism to the United States and Its Allies, Focusing on Explosives and Explosives Regulation, and Related Extradition, International Law, and Immigration Issues, April 21 and 22, 1993

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  From the opening statement of Joseph R. Biden, Jr.: "Almost 2 months ago, a massive bomb exploded in the World Trade Center in New York City. Six people died, over 1,000 people were injured, and at least $1 billion of damage resulted as the explosion ripped through seven concrete floors and destroyed the buildings' power, communications, and safety systems. The terror felt by those present at the explosion was visible on the faces of the survivors as they streamed out of the building, and this terror was shared by all Americans who felt suddenly vulnerable because terrorism was no longer an abstract concept to them. It threatened an American landmark on American soil. Since the bombing, law enforcement officials have made substantial progress in uncovering who carried out the World Trade Center bombing. Several suspects are now under arrest and indictment, and many facts about the attack and how it was carried out are now known. Nonetheless, it is clear that many questions remain to be considered and hopefully answered." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Orrin G. Hatch, Patrick J. Leahy, Carol Moseley-Braun, Dianne Feinstein, Arlen Specter, Charles E. Grassley, Alan K. Simpson, R. James Woolsey, William S. Sessions, Laurence Pope, James L. Brown, Bill Davis, Frederick Smith, Jr., Joseph C. Lund, Sr., Mark Richard, Michael D. Cronin, James L. Ward, and Robert K. Harris.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Articles of Relations for U.S. Territories, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Insular And International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session on H.R. 4442 to Provide Consultations for the Development of Articles of Relations and Self-Government for Insular Areas of the United States, May 24, 1994

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  This is the May 24, 1994 hearing titled "Articles of Relations for U.S. Territories," held before the House Subcommittee on Insular And International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Ron de Lugo: "Our hearing today is on a bill that has the potential of being among the most important before this Congress should a consensus on it develop among the people most affected, and perhaps with some amendments. This is because it suggests establishing a clear process for finally resolving questions about the political status of some of the relatively few remaining places on the earth in which status questions still persist: The five United States insular areas where 4 million people live. H.R. 4442 gets to the heart of the issue. Although the commonwealths and territories are locally self-governing, similar to States, a national government in which they do not have a full vote also makes policies for them." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Alexander A. Farrelly, Baltasar Corrada del Rio, Celeste Benitez, Manuel Rodriguez-Orellana, Daniel Zafrin, Kenneth McClintock Hernandez, Pilar Lujan, Juan N. Babauta, Pedro P. Reyes, Diego T. Benavente, Miriam Ramirez de Ferrer, and Arturo Guzman.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Serial No. 103-36, Part II: Puerto Rico Self-Determination Part II, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session on H. Con. Res. 94 Expressing the Sense of the Congress Regarding the Expression of Self-Determination by the People of Puerto Rico, August 3, 1993

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  This is the August 3, 1993 hearing on "Puerto Rico Self-Determination Part II," held before the House Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Ron de Lugo: "This is the second hearing of the Subcommittee on Insular and International Affairs on the resolution sponsored by our colleague Jose Serrano to declare that the people of Puerto Rico have the right to determine the island's future political status. We held the first hearing on July 13 when we heard from three Members of Congress in addition to Representative Serrano. We also heard from representatives of Puerto Rico's Governor and three major status-based political parties, including other leaders on the status issue in that commonwealth, and Puerto Ricans from the States as well. The Office of the President is responsible for Puerto Rican status matters within the Executive Branch, and we will hold a third hearing after its proposed witness on the resolution-the Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel-takes office." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Pilar C. Lujan, Marilyn Manibusan, Ronald Rivera, and Paul M. Leary.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1994
• Greening of Global Security: The U.S. Military and International Environmental Security

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  From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines the roles and missions of the U.S. military, and compares them to potential international environmental conflicts. Five specific environmental issues are examined in detail: deforestation, fresh water, nuclear contamination, overpopulation, and ecological terrorism. Ten U.S. military roles are also examined in detail: communications, interdiction, enforcement, education and training, assistance, leadership, warfighting, surveillance, intelligence, and deterrence. Analysis reveals that the U.S. military can play a support role in the majority of the environmental conflict issues. Use of force roles apply to fewer of the environmental issues. The U.S. military's primary use of force role of warfighting applies only to one environmental issue."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Carr, Roberta B.

  1993-12-16
• Presidential Decision Directive 14: Counter-Narcotics 'Andean Strategy'

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  "The President today [November 3, 1993] signed a decision directive that provides a policy framework for U.S. international drug control efforts as part of the Administration's over-all counter-drug policy. "The President designated Director Lee Brown of the Office of National Drug Control Policy as responsible for oversight and direction for all counter-drug policies, in coordination with the National Security Council. In his directive to agencies involved in the fight against illicit drugs in the hemisphere, the President said that the scourge of illegal narcotics is severely damaging the social fabric of the United States and other countries."

  United States. White House Office

  1993-11-03
• Joint Force Quarterly: Autumn 1993, Issue 2 [September 1993]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  1993-09
• Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Assessing the Risks

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  This risk assessment on weapons of mass destruction describes the potential of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, analyzes the consequences of their dispersion to the US and the world, and summarizes technical aspects of monitoring and controlling their production. The assessment also explains the array of policy tools that can be used to combat proliferation, and describes how to identify trade-offs and choices that confront policymakers.

  United States. Government Printing Office; United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

  1993-08
• Combatting Terrorism: Literature on Future Trends in Terrorism

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  An annotated bibliography of 344 entries prepared in support of decision makers who need quick access to literature in the field of combatting terrorism. Annotations of books, articles, doctoral dissertations, and government and congressional publications, foreign and domestic, published between 1989 and mid-1993 are included. Also included is a keyword index and an alphabetical list of the titles of publications cited in the bibliography.

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Sinai, Joshua; Miro, Ramon

  1993-06
• Time for a Change: The Costs and Benefits of the U.S. Relationship with Israel

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  From the thesis abstract: "Containment evaporated as the foundation of American foreign policy with the end of the Cold War. Washington is searching for a replacement -- for a strategy which will serve American interests under current conditions of reduced threat and limited resources. Domestic affairs have taken precedence over foreign policy, the economy over defense. The government is pinching pennies -- and raising taxes -- to make up for quadrupling the national debt in a score of years. As we adjust to the straitened circumstances of the post-containment era, it is appropriate to reevaluate all aspects of our foreign policy, particularly those which are most costly. We need to ask whether past programs serve American interests, whether they produce benefits commensurate with their costs, and whether we can afford to maintain them in the future. This paper considers the costs and benefits of support for Israel from the perspective of American interests."

  National War College (U.S.)

  McLean, Martin

  1993-04
• Operational and Technical SIGINT--2020 Foresight

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  "In many respects the 21st Century's New World Order will not be so 'new' or so 'orderly'. The increasing rich/poor dichotomy, overpopulation, rapid urbanization, environmental degradation and disease and rising nationalism will render the international arena more volatile and unstable. Into this morass U.S. troops will be employed to deter and/or fight insurgency, terrorism, proxy warfare and drug trafficking. To support them in this environment, signals intelligence must bury its classical separations which have divided it into four disciplines during the Cold War and must provide fused, operational and technical intelligence covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Ongoing and currently planned programs are leading to such increased capabilities and interoperability - - the key is to not let them become new collection programs, but maintain their emphasis on information processing and dissemination which will provide focused, fused, friendly intelligence - - the 'cheaper' force multiplier of the 21st Century."

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  Henderson, Lewis S.

  1993-04
• Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1992

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  This document produced by the State Department in April 1993 provides graphs and analysis of international terrorist acts for the year of 1992. Topics discussed include in depth regional analysis of terrorism activity, international counterterrorism efforts, the Palestinian uprising, background on major groups discussed in the report and a map of incidents.

  United States. Department of State

  1993-04
• Serial No. 103-7, Part I: American Indian Religious Freedom Act--Part I, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, First Session, February 23, 1993

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  This is the February 23, 1993 hearing on "American Indian Religious Freedom Act--Part I," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Native American Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Bill Richardson: "Today we're conducting an oversight hearing on the Effectiveness of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. In 1978, Congress enacted the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in an effort to address the problems many Native Americans face in exercising their right to practice their religion. During the debate, Chairman Udall expressed his concern that the Act lacked teeth, and to the chagrin of many Native American religious leaders and practitioners, that quote has been repeated consistently in reference to the Act." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jerry Flute, Cedric Chavez, Francis B. Brown, John Sun Child, Sr., Al Scott Johnnie, Christopher H. Peters, Nora Garcia, Marshall Plummer, and Kina'u Boyd Kamali'i.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1993
• Nuclear Weapons in an Uncertain World--National Security Implications

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  United States (US) nuclear policy evolution has been characterized by change in response to the dynamics of the international environment. New nuclear weapons and non-proliferation policies are required in response to the evolving international environment. Specific concerns relate to the military, economic and political conditions of an evolving and uncertain world and the root causes of nuclear weapons proliferation. Proposed nuclear weapons and nonproliferation policies are designed to allow the US to engage nations with the necessary freedom of action in political/diplomatic, economic and military spheres. Identifying friend versus foe in permanent and absolute terms will be increasingly difficult for the US in the international environment. This is a result of the high degree of economic interdependency in the world economy and the complex web of political relationships of established and emerging nations. In this essay, the author addresses questions about new threats to US interests, changes in the international environment, the current relevance of existing policies developed during the Cold War, necessary changes in US nuclear weapons and nonproliferation policies, and the effect of these policies on foreign policy strategy. The author then proposes an overall strategy to protect U.S. interests in the new international environment. Specific policies are proposed concerning strategic nuclear weapons, regional nuclear weapons, nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, and engagement. These policies are designed to work together as an overall strategy to protect US interests in the near and long term.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  Mistretta, Michael J.

  1993
• U.S. Coast Guard's National Security Role in the Twenty-First Century

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  "This report addresses the Coast Guard's National security role in the next century by interviewing current and former policy & decision makers involved in the maritime aspects of national security. The report attempts to define the relationship between the Navy and the Coast Guard in the Post Cold War era when the requirements for the Coast Guard to act as Commanders of Maritime Defense Zones (MDZs) and to provide ASW capable cutters has been dramatically lessened. The author suggests the definition of national security needs to expand and that the Coast Guard provide increased support for US CINCS especially in security assistance and low order crisis response. The role of the US Coast Guard as the force manager/force provider for coastal patrol boats is also studied. The need for a viable national defense role for the Coast Guard is examined and the implications of a lack of a well-defined, needed role assessed."

  Naval War College (U.S.). Center for Naval Warfare Studies

  Stubbs, Bruce B.

  1992-09-01
• Monitoring Limits on Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles

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  Beginning with a hypothetical arms control regime for nuclear SLCMs, this Report examines in detail ways in which compliance with such a regime might be monitored. Surveying the life-cycle of SLCMs from development testing through deployment and storage, the assessment identifies the 'indicators' by which the missiles might be tracked and accounted for. It also assesses the paths of evasion that a determined cheater might take to avoid the proposed monitoring measures.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

  1992-09
• Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1991

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  "Terrorism in 1991 was marked by three major features. First, the number of international terrorist incidents increased 22 percent, from 456 in 1990 to 557 last year. This increase is solely attributable to terrorism associated with the Persian Gulf war. Second, 1991 was the second straight year in which there was no terrorist spectacular. Third, 1991 clearly demonstrated the role of state sponsorship in international terrorism. A central part of US Government counterterrorism policy is to press countries that sponsor terrorism to cease such support. This is what the international community did last year with great success against Iraq when Saddam Hussein threatened the world with a wave of terrorism following his invasion of Kuwait. The threat failed in large part because of the firm response by the United States and its allies and cooperation among them. The expulsion of Iraqi operatives, cooperation among law enforcement and intelligence services, and enhanced security countermeasures proved effective. In April the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 687 requiring a commitment from Iraq not to engage in acts of terrorism or support terrorist groups. Another part of US counterterrorism policy is to work with other governments to identify, apprehend, and prosecute terrorists. […]. A third part of our policy is to refuse to make deals with terrorists, and our firm adherence to this was rewarded in 1991 as the last remaining American hostages were freed from captivity in Lebanon."

  United States. Department of State

  1992-04
• Drugs and Terror: A Threat to U.S. National Security

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  "One of the most ominous developments in recent years is the union of drug traffickers and terrorists. This growing problem, called narcoterrorism, threatens U.S. national security. This threat causes corruption at every level of government and society. In 1989 President Bush declared that drug abuse was the gravest domestic problem facing our nation and was a national security threat. There has been little or no improvement since then. Secretary of Defense Cheney has stated that the detection and countering of the production, trafficking, and the use of illicit narcotics is a high priority national security mission of the Department of Defense. The social impact of the widespread drug abuse in the United States, the staggering effect on the economy, and Third World instability all have substantial national security implications. Narcoterrorism links the drug problem with the terrorist problem, and it is an international and domestic security threat."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Cantrell, Alvin D.

  1992-03-23
• National Security, Papers Prepared for GAO Conference on Worldwide Threats

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  "On October 30,199 1, GAO sponsored a conference designed to provide insight into potential military threats to US national security interests and necessary modifications to current and planned U.S. forces to meet those threats. Conference participants, including defense analysts and retired military officers, discussed and analyzed the possibility of U.S. and allied involvement in various regional contingencies in Europe and the Soviet Union, the Near East and South Asia, and East Asia. Topics ranged from the possibility of nuclear war to a general discussion of low-intensity conflict. We commissioned the papers in this supplement prior to the conference to serve as the starting point for discussion. They represent a wide range of perspectives and do not necessarily represent GAO'S views and opinions."

  United States. General Accounting Office

  1992
• East Bay Hills Fire: Oakland-Berkeley, California

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  "The largest dollar fire loss in United States history occurred in the East Bay Hills, within the California cities of Oakland and Berkeley, between October 19 and 22, 1991. Twenty-five lives were lost and more than 3,000 structures were destroyed by a wildland-urban interface fire in one of the most heavily populated metropolitan areas of the North American continent. The fire completely over-whelmed the firefighting forces of the area, consuming everything in its path, and was only stopped when the Diablo wind conditions abated. The wind had threatened to drive the fire across the entire city of Oakland. The factors that set the stage for this disaster were identified long before the fire occurred, and the potential consequences had been predicted by fire officials. Nevertheless, their warnings went unheeded, and the measures that could have reduced the risks were not implemented. More than one billion dollars in damage resulted from a fire that exceeded the worst expectations in the most concerned fire professionals. It was a fire that demonstrates how natural forces may be beyond the control of human intervention and should cause a renewed look at the risk of wildland-urban inter¬face fire disasters."

  United States Fire Administration; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1991-10
• Security Environment in the Post-Cold War World: A Short-, Mid- and Long-Term Assessment

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  "Interprets events unfolding in the post-Cold War era within the context of United States security concerns and military missions and extrapolates short-, mid- and long-term trends. More than seventy countries are subjects of research and analysis in this report."

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Burnham, Ly; Cutter, Melissa

  1991-09
• Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense 1945-1960

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  "The volume begins with the U.S. Army Air Service's involvement with air defense in World War I and traces the story through to the late 1950s and early 196Os. At that time, the intercontinental ballistic missile supplanted the bomber as the most dangerous long-range threat to North America, precipitating a dramatic decline in bomber defenses over the next two decades. A number of important themes emerge: the development of technology, particularly for command, control, and communications systems; roles and missions debates; interpretations and analysis of the threat; and Air Force theories and approaches to offensive and defensive strategic warfare. The last is by far the most pervasive theme. In the period covered by this volume, the Air Force consistently held true to its belief that 'the best defense is a good offense,' despite the rise of air defense as a national priority. For most of history, military organizations have favored offensive strategies, for taking the offense is a way of planning and structuring the battle. Assuming the initiative by striking the first blow offers clear benefits as opposed to waiting and reacting defensively. The offense is usually viewed by military organizations as a positive force to achieve victory, whereas defense seems to seek only a negative goal-that of preservation."

  United States. Air Force. Office of Air Force History

  Schaffel, Kenneth, 1953-1988

  1991-07-02
• Technology Against Terrorism: The Federal Effort

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  This report investigates the status of research on technological means used to protect ourselves against terrorist threats. It deals with the Federal research and development effort in countering terrorism, and with the state of attempts to use technology to aid in detecting and preventing attempts to introduce explosives aboard aircraft.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment

  1991-07