Advanced search Help
Searching for terms: ALL (presidential AND directive AND homeland) in: full text and any metadata
Clear all search criteria
Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).
-
Domestic Determinants and Security Policy-Making in East Asia
There has been a great deal of discussion since the advent of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 about managing change in the strategic landscape of the Asia- Pacific region. One of the fundamental factors in both the financial meltdown and the challenge to traditional security practices has been globalization. The engine that has generated globalization has been the information technology (IT) revolution that has marked the post-Cold War decade of the 1990s and has reached a new zenith entering the 21st century.
Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
Limaye, Satu P.; Matsuda, Yasuhiro
2000-11
-
All Possible Wars? Toward a Consensus View of the Future Security Environment, 2001-2025
"Theoretically, there should be no shortage of futures studies that could be used to form the basis for deriving the future security environment assumptions of QDR 2001. A recent survey identified over 50 academic or professional studies conducted since 1989, the approximate end of the Cold War. As in ancient Rome, the future is a popular topic for serious speculation. However, there are severe problems in attempting to apply the results of these futures studies to effective policymaking. Among the difficulties are the lack of coordination between these studies; the significant differences in their methodologies and the time periods viii ALL POSSIBLE WARS? examined; the broad and divergent scope of topics; the presence of underlying and often unidentified biases; and the wide range of contradictory results. Many studies begin with a clean slate, taking scant interest in previous, related work. An unedited compilation of these studies would constitute a modern Sibylline oracle, capable of generating much debate, but not a basis for policy. To construct a policy requires some sort of baseline consensus from which implications and issues can be examined in an analytical context. This survey attempts to derive such a baseline for the years 2001--2025. The methodology adopted is straightforward, but apparently unique among futures assessments. Thirty-six existing studies concerning the future security environment were selected based on the criteria discussed in chapter one. Conceptually, these studies are representative of views from the range of organizations involved with or interested in national defense issues."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Tangredi, Sam J.
2000-11
-
Papers from the Conference on Homeland Protection
"On April 11-13, 2000, the U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute sponsored a major conference that examined what the Department of Defense must do "to insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence," given the increasing contemporary threats to the U.S. homeland. This book highlights the issues and themes that ran through the conference. As such, it is not a comprehensive record of the proceedings. It is organized as an anthology of the best of a series of outstanding conference presentations, revised in light of the discussions that took place there. Finally, the anthology is complemented by an overview and four specific recommendations. Those recommendations look to the future and place emphasis on the transformation strategy that conference participants considered essential to safeguard the American homeland now and into the future."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Manwaring, Max G.
2000-10
-
Homeland Defense and Domestic Terrorism: A Selected Bibliography
The term Homeland Defense has evolved in the literature to describe the policies and preparations designed to protect Americans here in the Continental United States against catastrophic attack. All of the material in the following bibliography can be found in the Naval War College Library or on the Internet.
Naval War College (U.S.)
2000-10
-
In Support of the Civil Authorities
Military assistance to civilian authorities is not a new concept. From before the birth of this nation, the military, whether militia or regular or both, has habitually supported local, state, and federal civilian authorities in times of manmade or natural disaster, civil unrest, or other situations. This support was very often questionable in legality and usefulness. Over time, though, numerous laws and directives have transformed this supporting relationship into an institutionalized interdepartmental and interagency coordination and planning process. The changing nature of threats, however, has expanded the scope of the military's responsibilities in support of civilian authorities. This old mission now involves an ever-widening array of diverse military and Department of Defense (DoD) organizations and agencies equipped with new terminology and new, evolving concepts. The United States faces myriad threats today besides those caused by natural phenomenon. Groups opposed to the thrust of the U.S. post-Cold war policies have multiplied in recent years. The openness of the U.S. society provides an opportunity for our enemies to operate with more freedom than they would have in more restrictive venues. Also exacerbating the threats is the global proliferation of cheap Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The Threats can be defined broadly as international or domestic in nature. International threats fall into one of three separate categories: international terrorism, transnational threats, and conventional attacks. Domestic terrorism stems from domestic groups who are based and operate entirely within the United States, its territories, or possessions, and whose activities are directed at elements of the federal, local, or state governments or the U.S. civilian population.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Haus, Donald A.
2000-10
-
Where Domestic Security and Civil Liberties Collide
Mr. Dunlap examines budget matters concerning domestic security and civil liberties in this report. The report discusses the amount of money spent on anti-terrorism programs when the threats are unknown and non-specific. The data used was the latest available, 1993-1998. Mr. Dunlap poses that the threat of terrorism cannot be combated by the US government or the armed forces, but it should be taken up by the law enforcement personnel of the US because the problem rests with the civilian population (law enforcement agencies, courts, etc.). He also notes that the failing educational system, economics, and social unrest in the nation cause problems for national security yet those problems do not fall to the armed forces to defend or repair. It is also argued that for the US government to accomplish anything, the job must be surrendered to the US armed forces that way it is perceived as a threat and garners more interest by the general population.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Dunlap, Charles J., 1950-
2000-10
-
Joint Force Quarterly: Summer 2000, Issue 25 [September 2000]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University Press
2000-09
-
Radiation Protection at EPA: The First 30 Years
This report describes key accomplishments and program activities during the first thirty years of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) involvement in radiation protection. It is limited however to activities carried out by the current Radiation Protection Division 1 (RPD) of the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) within the Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) and its earlier organizational formulations. To better understand the origin of EPA's radiation protection activities, the first part of this report, Authorities and Responsibilities, describes the historical basis. The second part of this report, Program Activities, provides information on key EPA radiation protection activities carried out in response to these responsibilities, and highlights significant precedents for radiation protection established by these activities.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
2000-09
-
Stubborn Things: A Decade of Facts About Ballistic Missile Defense
While National Missile Defense (NMD) stirs emotions today, the decisions of policy makers must be based upon the facts rather than on "our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions...." This report then traces with facts the path from comity between the US and Russia under the Bush administration to distrust between the two countries that developed during the Clinton administration. This report notes several trends, among them the Clinton administration's denial of the emerging ballistic missile threat and reluctance to come to terms with a changed environment; its chronic under-funding of ballistic missile defense programs, beginning with sharp reductions early in its first term, and exacerbated by additional cuts in the Democrat controlled Congress; its emphasis on arms control over military capability; and its opposition to the missile defense initiatives of the post-1994 Republican Congress. The failure of the Clinton administration to consider seriously any technologies for NMD other than those most superficially compatible with the ABM Treaty is also documented. The result is a proposed ground-based missile defense that is the nearest-term answer to the emerging ICBM threat.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Cochran, Thad
2000-09
-
American Strategy: Issues and Alternatives for the Quadrennial Defense Review
"The combination of a congressionally-mandated Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), a change of presidents, and shifts in the global security environment will force or allow American strategists to rethink some of the basic elements of U.S. strategy and decide if any changes need to be made. It is vital that the defense transformation process be strategy driven rather than dictated by budgets or technology alone. In other words, the first step in assessing the status and the future of American strategy is to examine the concepts and broad alternatives on which it is built. In this monograph, the author begins with a survey of the evolution of American defense strategy since the end of the Cold War. He then describes some the key issues which will shape the upcoming QDR and assesses a range of strategic alternatives ranging from the existing strategy to some new and innovative ones. For each alternative, he describes the key assumptions and the risks involved. He ends with a slate of recommendations including a controlled shift away from the focus on large-scale regional war with rogue states."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Metz, Steven, 1956-
2000-09
-
Joint Training Master Plan 2002 for the Armed Forces of the United States
This instruction provides guidance for planning and conducting
joint training and exercises. It outlines common requirements, establishes milestones for the long-range development of joint training, and details the role of US Joint Forces Command (USJFCOM) as the lead Joint Force Integrator, DOD Executive Agent for Joint Warfighting Experimentation, and lead agent for joint force training IAW the Unified Command Plan (UCP) 1999.
United States. Department of Defense
2000-08-14
-
Assessment of the Emerging Biocruise Threat
The rogue nations--Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Syria--are pursuing the acquisition of land-attack cruise missiles as part of a mix of aircraft, ballistic- and cruise-missile long-range strike forces. A major reason for these acquisitions is that a land-attack cruise missile configured to disseminate biological warfare agents comprises a technically and economically attractive, yet highly lethal weapon of mass destruction. Such a weapon system serves as a lever of strategic power available to rogue nations who want to deter, constrain or harm the U.S. and its allies, but of necessity, must challenge the conventionally superior Western forces via asymmetric means. Aiding the rogue nations' pursuit of these biological weapon systems are the dual-use nature and availability of the materials, technologies, and equipment for producing biological warfare agents and the widespread proliferation of the enabling technologies for land-attack cruise missiles, such as satellite navigation and guidance; compact, highly-efficient engines; and composite, low-observable airframe materials. With these technologies and some limited foreign assistance from countries such as China and Russia, many of the rogue nations can indigenously produce land-attack cruise missiles. Also, they will increasingly be able to directly purchase these missiles. The number of countries other than the U.S. that will be producing advanced, long-range, land-attack cruise missiles will increase from two to nine within the next decade, and some producers are expected to make them available for export. Or, they can choose to convert antiship cruise missiles, which have been widely proliferated and are in the rogue states' military arsenals, into land-attack missiles. With the abundant proliferation pathways for biological warfare agents and land-attack cruise missiles, it is quite probable that by the 2005 timeframe one or more of the rogue nations will possess a long-range, land-attack cruise missile for use as a biological weapon system (biocruise) against the U.S. and its allies and their worldwide military operations.
USAF Counterproliferation Center
Kiziah, Rex R.
2000-08
-
Information Revolution and National Security
The effects of the information revolution are particularly profound in the realm of national security strategy. They are creating new opportunities for those who master them. The U.S. military, for instance, is exploring ways to seize information superiority during conflicts and thus gain decisive advantages over its opponents. But the information revolution also creates new security threats and vulnerabilities. No nation has made more effective use of the information revolution than the United States, but none is more dependent on information technology. To protect American security, then, military leaders and defense policymakers must understand the information revolution. The essays in this volume are intended to contribute to such an understanding. They grew from a December 1999 conference co-sponsored by the U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute and the University of Pittsburgh Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies. The conference brought together some of the foremost members of the academic strategic studies community with representatives of the U.S. Government and U.S. military. As could be expected when examining a topic as complex as the relationship between the information revolution and national security, the presentations and discussions were far-ranging, covering such issues as the global implications of the information revolution, the need for a national information security strategy, and the role of information in U.S. military operations. While many more questions emerged than answers, the conference did suggest some vital tasks that military leaders and defense policymakers must undertake.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Copeland, Thomas E.
2000-08
-
Defense Science Board Letter Report on DoD Science and Technology Program
"This report is in response to the Congressional Language in Section 212 of the FY 2000 Defense Appropriation Report. That Section requests the views of the Defense Science Board on the adequacy of the Department's FY 2001 Science and Technology Program budget requests. Since a Defense Science Board Task Force studied the Department's Science and Technology Program in 1998 under the Chairmanship of Walter Morrow, it was decided by the OSD and DSB leadership that a summary should be prepared based on the report of the 1998 Study of the Department's Science and Technology Program."
United States. Defense Science Board
Morrow, Walter E.
2000-08
-
Planning for Bioterrorism: Behavioral & Mental Health Responses to Weapons of Mass Destruction & Mass Disruption
This monograph includes an edited transcript and an executive summary from the conference, Planning for Bioterrorism: Behavioral and Mental Health Responses to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Mass Disruption. The conference was held July 14-16, 2000. The conference addressed the history, nature, and threat of biological agents. Agents were described to better appreciate the behavioral implications for illness, disease, prevention, and vaccination. Community and individual responses to potential bioterrorist events were described. Future approaches to the management and treatment of behavioral and mental health issues following exposure to biological agents and bioterrorism were discussed. The conference concluded with recommendations for policy, communication, education and training, and research.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Department of Psychiatry
2000-07-16
-
Investigation of the Immigration and Naturalization Service's Citizenship USA Initiative
"This investigation by the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General (OIG) examined the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) 'Citizenship USA' initiative of fiscal year 1996. Beginning in 1993, the demand for naturalization began to increase at a staggering rate and application backlogs developed at INS offices throughout the country. By June 1995, INS was receiving applications for naturalization at a rate twice as high as it had the previous year. INS projected that without a serious effort to reduce this application backlog, by the summer of 1996 an eligible applicant would have to wait three years from the date of application to be naturalized as a U.S. citizen. On August 31, 1995, INS Commissioner Doris M. Meissner announced 'Citizenship USA' (CUSA), an initiative to reduce the backlog of pending naturalization applications to the point where an eligible applicant would be naturalized within six months of application. The goal of the initiative was to reach this level of processing 'currency' within one year. The effort focused on the workload in the five districts in the country--dubbed 'Key Cities' for CUSA--which then had the largest application backlogs: Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Miami, and Chicago. To reach the CUSA goal, INS dramatically increased its naturalization workforce in the Key Cities, opened new offices dedicated to naturalization adjudication, and engaged new processing strategies in an effort to 'streamline' the naturalization process."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2000-07
-
Committee Print: International Terrorism: A Complilation of Major Laws, Treaties, Agreements, and Executive Documents: Report Prepared for the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, July 2000
"This compilation comprises major laws, treaties and agreements, and executive documents relating to U.S. and international efforts to combat terrorism. The legislation is subdivided into sections relating to foreign assistance, the Department of State, defense legislation, trade and financial issues, aviation security, and other issues. It also includes a selection of significant executive orders, executive department regulations, and other executive branch documents and reports. Sections on international agreements include bilateral agreements, as well as relevant multilateral treaties. Other multilateral documents include selected statements from economic summit conferences, United Nations Security Council resolutions, and documents of other organizations."
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-07
-
S. Hrg. 106-744: Giving Permanent Normal Trade Relations Status to Communist China: National Security and Diplomatic, Human Rights, Labor, Trade and Economic Implications: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 18 and 19, 2000
S. Hrg. 106-744: These hearings address proposed legislation to bestow permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) upon Communist China. The first hearing is based on a discussion of the foreign policy and national security implications of China PNTR. The second hearing examines the human rights, labor, trade and economic implications of China PNTR. Statements, witnesses and submissions for the record include those of:Elliott Abrams, Joseph Bosco, Bates Gil, Gary Bauer, George Becker, Dai Qing, Jesse Helms, Rod Grams, Lincoln Chaffee, Joseph Biden, and Russell Feingold.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-07
-
Handbook for Joint Task Force Domestic Consequence Management Operations
"This handbook is a guide for joint task force and response task force commanders, their staffs, and subordinate units who may be tasked to provide support to a lead Federal agency during consequence management operations. This document is not a doctrinal publication, but in the absence of such a joint publication, is meant to be a resource tool; and should be supplemented, when practicable, with the United States Joint Forces Command Joint Warfighting Center Consequence Management Database maintained as a part of the Joint Electronic Library. However, it does support joint and Service doctrinal concepts and principles and is a focused collection of consequence management information already published from Federal, state, and local sources, as well as lessons learned from past exercises."
United States. Joint Forces Command
2000-07
-
International Terrorism: A Compilation of Major Laws, Treaties, Agreements, and Executive Documents, Report Prepared for the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, OneHundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 2000
"This compilation comprises major laws, treaties and agreements, and executive documents relating to U.S. and international efforts to combat terrorism. The legislation is subdivided into sections relating to foreign assistance, the Department of State, defense legislation, trade and financial issues, aviation security, and other issues. It also includes a selection of significant executive orders, executive department regulations, and other executive branch documents and reports. Sections on international agreements include bilateral agreements, as well as relevant multilateral treaties. Other multilateral documents include selected statements from economic summit conferences, United Nations Security Council resolutions, and documents of other organizations."
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-07
-
Charter for the Centralized Direction, Management, Operation, and Technical Support of the Nuclear Command, Control, and Communication System
The purpose of this document is to define the functions and responsibilities of the Nuclear C3 System Engineer, Joint Staff, combatant commands, Services, and Defense agencies, for the centralized direction, management, operation, and technical support of the Nuclear C3 System. This instruction is fully compliant with national guidance for nuclear C2 as promulgated through National Security Decision Directives. "The Nuclear C3 System is composed of C3 assets that provide connectivity from the National Command Authorities (NCA) through the National Military Command System (NMCS) to nuclear execution forces integral to fighting a 'homeland-to-homeland,' as well as theater, nuclear war. The Nuclear C3 System includes the emergency action message (EAM) dissemination systems and those systems used for tactical warning/attack assessment (TW/AA), conferencing, force report back, retargeting, force management, and requests for permission to use nuclear weapons. The strategic portion of the Nuclear C3 System is integral to and ensures performance of critical strategic functions of the Global Command and Control System (GCCS)."
United States. Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
2000-06-09
-
Role of the Army Reserve in the Weapons of Mass Destruction/Homeland Defense Program
Since the fall of the Berlin wall and the subsequent end of the Cold War, the United States faces a multidimensional threat never before seen within our nations' borders. Rogue nations and stateless organizations already have or are developing the capability to threaten the United States through acts of terror, information warfare, and the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction. As a nation, we are not prepared to prevent or respond to these threats. A federal infrastructure does not yet exist that can adequately prevent or react to such an attack. Given these increasing threats to the territory, population, and infrastructure of the United States, the Army Reserve should have an expanded role in providing homeland defense capabilities. The Army Reserve is well suited to homeland defense missions. This thesis explains the role of the federal agencies tasked with missions in the Weapons of Mass Destruction/
Homeland Defense program, and recommends the Army Reserve as the single training base to train first responders to weapons of mass destruction incidents.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Smith, Joseph L.
2000-06-02
-
U.S. Army: A Relevant Force--Leapfrogging to the Twenty-first Century
"This paper analyzes the Army,-its relevance as determined by the service's ability to support national security strategy, operational theater strategies, and joint and combined tactical strategies, with an eye toward the emerging environment. These requirements guide the discussion to determine what kind of ground force would be appropriate for future conflict? In determining how the Army will adjust to meet requirements, the analysis will argue the service must balance developing warfighting readiness against furthering peacetime engagement capabilities. Accordingly, this study looks at the Army's capability to respond rapidly and decisively to threats, from major theater war to small scale contingencies, and counterterrorism operations. Disjointed efforts have found the force losing its relevance at the strategic and operational levels as the Army was no longer offering sufficient capabilities to the National Command Authority (NCA) and warfighting commanders-in-chief (CINCs). Equally impeded by the Army's disjointedness was the development of sufficient US strategic lift. Perhaps most significantly affecting the Army's ability to focus on future force development was its sizable investment in conventional Cold War weapon systems and its reluctance to trade current readiness for the future. The personal commitment of the new Army leadership though seems bent on reestablishing service relevancy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Carlile, Tori R.
2000-06-02
-
Biological Warfare and American Strategic Risk
From the thesis abstract: "After the Cold War and absent a monolithic threat, the Department of Defense adopted a threat assessment based on 'weapons of mass destruction' (WMD) called Proliferation: Threat and Response. Further, President Clinton identified generic WMD as the greatest potential threat to global security. This deluge of rhetoric associated with the diplomatic term of art 'weapons of mass destruction' and the doctrinal amalgamation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons obscures and confuses understanding of modern biological warfare. Unfortunately, most military and national security leaders do not consider biological weapons as independently decisive; instead, they view them as they regard airpower, as simply tools to be used on the battlefield. As this thesis shows, however, biological warfare is fundamentally distinct from chemical and nuclear warfare and must be treated as such to fully understand its nature and prepare its defense. This thesis disengages biological weapons from WMD and focuses on biological warfare's unique characteristics and constraints. Biological weapons in the hands of state or non-state actors pose intricate and multi-level national security conundrums. The ubiquitous and duel-use [sic] biotechnological revolution is fundamentally altering mankind's relationship with life on Earth and portends a future in which any actor may be able to create and disseminate mass casualty biological weapons. Using analogies from other strategic forms-airpower and nuclear warfare-this thesis delves into the complex enigmas of biological warfare counterproliferation, deterrence and defense, offering novel approaches to America's most dangerous security threat."
Air University (U.S.). School of Advanced Airpower Studies
Hickman, Donald C.
2000-06
-
Joint Force Quarterly: Spring 2000, Issue 24 [June 2000]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
Roberts, Mark J.
2000-06
-
Weapons of Mass Destruction: DoD's Actions to Combat Weapons Use Should Be More Integrated and Focused
In response to the growing threat posed by the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, the Pentagon announced its Defense Counterproliferation Initiative in 1993. The Initiative calls for the development of offensive and defensive capabilities--to include equipping, training, and preparing U.S. forces, in coalition with the forces of friends and allies--to prevail over adversaries who are capable of deploying weapons of mass destruction. This report describes the Defense Department's (DoD) efforts to make the nuclear, biological, and chemical threat a matter of routine consideration within its organization, activities, and functions and identifies other steps that DoD can take to improve its implementation of the Initiative. GAO also examines the actions of the interagency Counterproliferation Program Review Committee to coordinate the research and development programs of DoD, the Department of Energy, and the U.S. intelligence community to identify and eliminate unnecessary duplication.
United States. General Accounting Office
2000-05-26
-
'I Love You' Computer Virus and Its Impact on U.S. Financial Services Industry: Hearing before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Banking, Subcommittee on Financial Institutions, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 18, 2000
This testimony compilation from the May 18, 2000 hearing, "'I Love You' Computer Virus and Its Impact on U.S. Financial Services Industry," before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Banking, Subcommittee on Financial Institutions addresses the subject of coordinated critical infrastructure protection in the financial services. From Senator Bob Bennett's opening statement: "The 'I Love You' virus demonstrates several weaknesses in our government's ability to detect and respond to fast moving cyber events in a coordinated and efficient manner. I have been asking the questions for sometime now about what happens when our borders disappear. What does it mean to function in a borderless economy? The Virus illustrates that global boundaries are disappearing for commerce; oceans still separate one federal agency from another. The 'I Love You' virus should occasion a careful review of ou[r] national capabilities. It is important that these weaknesses be addressed now in order to reduce future risks. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Subcommittee Chairman, Bob Bennett; Jack Brock, Director of Government and Defense Information System, General Accounting Office; Gregory Baer, Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions, Department of Treasury; Stephen Malphrus, Staff Director for Management, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and James Adams, CEO, iDefense.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
2000-05-18
-
Homeland Defense and Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction: Are National Guard Civil Support Teams a Necessary Asset or Duplication of Effort?
The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing maximized America's awareness of its vulnerability to terrorist activities, and erased the nation's sense of security that terrorist attacks could not occur within the United States. As a result, the possibility of such bombings, to include weapons of mass destruction (WMD), could no longer be ignored. In May 1998, the president issued presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 62, which established policy and assigned responsibilities for responding to homeland attacks. It directed the Department of Justice (FBI) to assume the lead for such circumstances and it also identified the National Guard as playing an important role in this program. The National Guard established Civil Support Teams in each of the ten FEMA regions to assist state and local first responders in a WMD incident. In May 1999, a US General Accounting Office report on federal government efforts to combat terrorism indicated that the role of National Guard Civil Support Teams remained unclear and there is significant redundancy in response capabilities. This paper examines whether there is a continued need for the National Guard Civil Support Teams, and explains how they fit into Federal, State, and local response plans.
Naval War College (U.S.)
McBride, Kevin R.
2000-05-16
-
National Guard Weapons Of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team - Structured For Success Or Failure?
The National Guard Bureau, following the publication of the Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996, and the 1998 Department of Defense Plan for Integrating National Guard and Reserve Component Support for Response to Attacks Using Weapons of Mass Destruction, created the Military Support Detachment-Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection (MSD-RAID) team to assist in the consequence management of incidents involving weapons of mass destruction. The mission of the MSD-RAID, recently renamed the Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team (WMD-CST), is to assess a suspected nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological event in support of a local incident commander; advise civilian responders regarding appropriate action; and facilitate requests for assistance to expedite the arrival of additional state and federal assets to help save lives, prevent human suffering, and mitigate great property damage. The National Guard has fielded twenty-seven of these teams and eventually plans to establish one in every state and territory.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Taylor, James E.
2000-05-15
-
Medical Support to the Kenya Embassy Bombing, A Model for Success or a Platform for Reform?
"On 7 August 1998 at 1035 local time, a truck bomb detonated outside the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. In concert with a similarly timed bomb in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, 220 persons, including twelve Americans, lost their lives. The Federal Government launched a massive effort to provide medical care to injured US citizens and return them to US facilities in Europe and America. This response effort, although heroic on the ground by immediate responders, was fraught with delays and confusion. Fortunately, the quality of the care in Nairobi saved lives and minimized morbidity. This paper looks at disaster medical support from historical and organizational perspectives, and reviews in detail the medical response effort to the Nairobi bombing. Following the bombing, an Accountability Review Board systematically outlined major deficiencies in the overall response effort. The medical problems identified in this review, and others, serve as a focus of the recommended changes and preparations needed for the next terrorist bombing. Failure to critically look at the issues and interagency cooperation in the response effort will lead to repetition of the problems found in Nairobi and ultimately, the unnecessary loss of American lives."
Army War College (U.S.)
Geiling, James A.
2000-05-12
