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National Guard Weapons Of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team - Structured For Success Or Failure?
The National Guard Bureau, following the publication of the Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996, and the 1998 Department of Defense Plan for Integrating National Guard and Reserve Component Support for Response to Attacks Using Weapons of Mass Destruction, created the Military Support Detachment-Rapid Assessment and Initial Detection (MSD-RAID) team to assist in the consequence management of incidents involving weapons of mass destruction. The mission of the MSD-RAID, recently renamed the Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Team (WMD-CST), is to assess a suspected nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological event in support of a local incident commander; advise civilian responders regarding appropriate action; and facilitate requests for assistance to expedite the arrival of additional state and federal assets to help save lives, prevent human suffering, and mitigate great property damage. The National Guard has fielded twenty-seven of these teams and eventually plans to establish one in every state and territory.
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Taylor, James E.
2000-05-15
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Medical Support to the Kenya Embassy Bombing, A Model for Success or a Platform for Reform?
"On 7 August 1998 at 1035 local time, a truck bomb detonated outside the US Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. In concert with a similarly timed bomb in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, 220 persons, including twelve Americans, lost their lives. The Federal Government launched a massive effort to provide medical care to injured US citizens and return them to US facilities in Europe and America. This response effort, although heroic on the ground by immediate responders, was fraught with delays and confusion. Fortunately, the quality of the care in Nairobi saved lives and minimized morbidity. This paper looks at disaster medical support from historical and organizational perspectives, and reviews in detail the medical response effort to the Nairobi bombing. Following the bombing, an Accountability Review Board systematically outlined major deficiencies in the overall response effort. The medical problems identified in this review, and others, serve as a focus of the recommended changes and preparations needed for the next terrorist bombing. Failure to critically look at the issues and interagency cooperation in the response effort will lead to repetition of the problems found in Nairobi and ultimately, the unnecessary loss of American lives."
Army War College (U.S.)
Geiling, James A.
2000-05-12
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Serial No. 106-143: Granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status to China: Is it in the U.S. National Interest? Hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 10, 2000
On May 10, 2000, the House of Representatives Committee on International Relations convenes to discuss and hear testimony on Granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status to China. Congressional testimony comes from Christopher Cox of California and Sander Levin of Michigan. Outside testimony is submitted by We Jingsheng, Sandra Kristoff of New York Life International, Inc., Mike Jendzejczyk of Human Rights Watch/Asia, Nicholas Giordano of the National Pork Producers Council and on behalf of the National Association of Wheat Growers, Steve McFarland of the US Commission for International Religious Freedom, and the Reverend Daniel Su of the China Outreach Ministries, Inc. Chairman Gilman explains that "this will be one of the most important trade votes of the 106th Congress" and that the decision "will send a powerful message determining China's role in the global economy and in the community of nations for years to come." He expresses concerns regarding China's trade track record, China's problem of prison labor, and China's proliferation practices. Ranking Minority member Gedjensen states that "it is clear that in other trade agreements, the United States has long ignored human rights, the situation for labor and environmental standards. The question for us is how do we best move forward on those principles that are so central to this democratic society." For Mr. Bereuter, "the most important fact is that the approval of PNTR is clearly in our national interest." Expert testimony ranges over different views on PNTR for China with significant debate.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-05-10
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Framework for Domestic Engagement
In 1934 Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger outlined four criteria for a strategic framework that would "weigh the use of United States combat forces abroad." Although Weinberger's framework was designed for international commitment of military power, the scenario this paper reviews is the involvement of military forces in response to a weapon of mass destruction (WMD) on American soil. This paper reviews the applicability of the Weinberger criteria to provide a framework for evaluating the commitment of United States military forces in a domestic engagement. 1. Is the incident a national security issue? This paper provides a cursory analysis of the risk of a domestic WMD incident, and the threat that this event would pose to national security. 2. Do American citizens support the use of military forces in response to the incident? Present laws, statutes, and presidential directives provide a basis for military support to civilian law enforcement agencies in certain circumstances, but these special circumstances require careful consideration to ensure they meet the intent of the law and do not violate the Posse Comitatus Act of 1873. 3. Does the United States military have the right force for the lob? In response to a WMD, wielded against an American community, the United States armed forces may be the only entity capable of providing massive and immediate consequence management support. 4. Does the military have a clear exit strategy? With this criterion we define the end-state for military involvement and examine current disengagement strategies.
Army War College (U.S.)
2000-05-05
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Service User Manual for the Telecommunications Service Priority (TSP) System
"The Service User Manual for the Telecommunications Service Priority (TSP) System provides reference information on the TSP Program and detailed procedural instructions for TSP service users. This manual is structured into the following six chapters accompanied by three appendices. 1) Chapter 1, Introduction, provides general information on the TSP Program, and this manual's purpose, authority, and applicability. 2) Chapter 2, TSP Program Overview, provides background information on the TSP Program, details the TSP process, provides information on the priority levels and qualifying criteria, and outlines the roles and responsibilities of the participants who administer and use the TSP Program. 3) Chapter 3, TSP Request Process, presents an overview of restoration and provisioning priority assignments, the TSP Service User Form (SF 315), and how to make changes to the TSP Program service information. 4) Chapter 4, Federal Sponsors and Invocation Officials, discusses the responsibilities and designations of these appointed TSP officials. 5) Chapter 5, TSP Revalidation Process, provides details on the TSP Revalidation Form (SF 314). 6) Chapter 6, Priority Action Appeal Process, provides details on the responsibilities of the service user, the Office of Priority Telecommunications, the Federal Communications Commission, and the completion of the Appeal Form (SF 317). 7) Appendix A provides the TSP Program contact information. 8) Appendix B contains the following TSP forms: SF 314, 315, and 317. 9) Appendix C contains the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) codes for Federal organizations with NS/EP responsibilities."
National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager
2000-05-05
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Legislative Hearing on H.R. 4210: Preparedness against Terrorism Act of 2000: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, United States House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, May 4, 2000
The purpose of this hearing is to receive testimony on H.R. 4210, a bill to amend the Robert T. Stafford Act to update Title VI of the Act and to provide coordination for federal efforts with regard to preparedness against terrorist attacks in the United States. H.R. 4210, introduced by Mrs. Fowler and Mr. Traficant, amends the Stafford Act to reflect emerging threats from terrorism and cybertechnology. It also establishes an office within the Executive Office of the President (EOP) to coordinate government-wide efforts for improving domestic preparedness against terrorist attacks. The Office of Terrorism Preparedness (OTP) will be responsible for creating a national strategy for preparedness, which will eliminate duplication of efforts and define an end state for preparedness. The OTP will exercise limited budgetary authority over each agency's programs, basing funding decisions on accomplishing the goals of a defined national strategy. It will also assist state and local emergency responders in navigating the federal preparedness programs. Moreover, it will eradicate duplicative government functions and identify waste, fraud and abuse through oversight of the agencies it coordinates. This hearing contains GAO/T-NSIAD-00-172, "Combating Terrorism: Comments on Bill H.R.4210 to Manage Selected Counterterrorist Programs". Statements include those of the following: Gary Marrs, Stan McKinney, Ray Alfred, Charles Cragin and Norman J. Rabkin.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
2000-05-04
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Employment of the Reserve Medical Force in Consequence Management/WMD
Although the end of the cold war brought promises of a new world order, terrorism in the next century presents a potentially more lethal and complex threat to the continental United States. This paper addresses three areas. First, the emerging threats and motives for use of weapons of mass destruction will be examined. Second, several Presidential Decision Directives and DoD Directives and actions required by Public Laws will be reviewed. Finally, the types of medical force structure in each of the Reserve components and their capabilities to respond to weapons of mass casualties" will be examined. The Department of Defense will play a major role in the domestic response to weapons of mass casualties." The emerging threats and motives for use of weapons of mass casualties" strongly support the further use of the reserve components when the demand placed on the Healthcare System following a WMD incident is unprecedented. Although the Army National Guard and Air Guard have early deploying capabilities to respond to a WMD incident, most reserve components do not have adequate deployable medical systems at home station" nor do they possess complete support requirements to respond to a domestic WMD incident when they will be needed.
Army War College (U.S.)
Baker, James M.
2000-05-01
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Unrest and Instability in Southeastern Europe: Cold War Insights for the 21st Century
"This study's underlying premise is that history continues to play an important role in the daily lives of those who live in Southeastern Europe. Therefore by examining where unrest has occurred during the last 50 years and over what issues, one is likely to shed light on future hotspots in this unstable region during the 21st Century. This study looks specifically at Bulgaria and Romania--two former Warsaw Pact nations that seek entry into NATO--and explores the factors that have spurred civil and ethnic unrest, the form it has taken, where it has occurred, and the identities of the groups involved. The study's findings enhance our understanding of where and why unrest has erupted in Southeastern Europe and how this discontent has changed in Bulgaria and Romania since the end of the Cold War. This study also assesses how these changes pose new challenges for the intelligence community in predicting ethnic, social, and political conflict in this region and offers some potential tools to aid in overcoming these challenges."
Air University (U.S.). Air Force Fellows
Marchio, Jim
2000-04-18
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National Guard Role in Weapons of Mass Destruction Response
The threat to the United States society by an attack involving a weapon of mass destruction is a well-founded and often addressed concern for our national security. This Strategy Research Project defines the background for this national concern and presents a summary of our current national security documents and strategies for responding to such a threat. Responsibility for WMD defense rests in a number of federal and state agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Department of Defense, in its role of military support to civil authorities. The newly appointed first response mechanism for the Department of Defense is the National Guard Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Civil Support Team (formerly called Military Support Detachment-Rapid Assessment Initial Detection team; MSD- RAID). This SRP further discusses the roles and responsibilities of the WMD- Civil Support Team concept, and analyzes its utility in light of current threat and capabilities. There are a number of current challenges and concerns to the use of the National Guard in such a role, and this SRP discusses the most important ones, and summarizes the issue in terms of application to current campaign planning criteria for joint operations; that is, adequacy, feasibility, acceptability, and compliance with doctrine.
Army War College (U.S.)
Thomas, Randal E.
2000-04-17
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Improving Installation Response to a Terrorist Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction
"Most military installations are not well prepared to respond to a terrorist incident involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) at the installation. A study commissioned by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1997 looked at the affects of the use of a WMD by terrorists to see how this act interfered with U.S. forces in an ongoing operation in a forward theatre of operation. A follow on study by DoD looked at the effects of WMD at a Power projection platform that would potentially disrupt the reinforcing units going to a theatre of operations. Glaring deficiencies were discovered. The military installations were ill prepared to respond and resulted in inability to provide reinforcement support to operations in an overseas theatre of operations. Though the power projection platform problem is being addressed for those installations there is no current program to improve installation training or response. This Student Research Paper will address in depth the potential threat, analyze existing programs and provide recommendations to improve overall installation readiness, awareness and response to a WMD incident."
Army War College (U.S.)
Madere, Timothy D.
2000-04-15
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Should the United States Adopt a More Aggressive Strategy to Combat International Terrorism?
This paper examines whether or not the United States should adopt a more aggressive strategy to combat international terrorism. Although the United States has been virtually immune from international terrorist attacks on the homeland, the recent attacks on the USS Cole and the 1998 American Embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania have served as stark reminders that terrorism is a very real threat to US citizens at home and abroad. This paper highlights the level of public concern over the terrorist threat and examines what the past terrorist attack trends against US interests have been. The paper then discusses possible reasons terrorists attack US interests. Given the terrorist attack trends and possible reasons terrorists attack US interests, the paper offers a critique of the current US policy for combating terrorism. The paper concludes that the United States is not using all the means available to it to combat terrorism and should adopt more proactive policy options.
Army War College (U.S.)
Haverty, R. Bruce
2000-04-10
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Department of Defense's Preparation to Support Domestic Emergencies as a U.S. Vital Interest
Emerging threats of terrorism and WMD pose the greatest danger to U. S. vital interests at home over the next 20 years. DoD is actively engaged in military assistance to civil authorities (MACA) and its role is growing. The frequent use of military forces in supporting domestic operations and the growing probability of asymmetrical threats directed against the territory and citizens of the United States requires a significantly increased emphasis on the military's role to support MACA. Despite recent changes to improve DoD structure and control of MACA, DoD remains unprepared to respond to domestic disasters and the emerging threats to our homeland. This paper examines emerging threats to U. S. vital interests at home, reviews current policies, describes the complex and fragmented procedures for providing MACA, and makes recommendations to improve DoD's ability to provide MACA in order to enhance security at home. This paper recommends transferring executive agency responsibility to CINCUSJFCOM as the single agency to coordinate MACA policy, planning and response; that DoD adopt MACA as a core mission in order to program and resource requirements, that the National Strategy address both conventional and asymmetric threats to our nation, and that the National Guard adopt this larger role for MACA.
Army War College (U.S.)
Crook, Kenneth R.
2000-04-10
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Key Logistics Issues from Kosovo, Can the United States Achieve Strategic Velocity
This case study of the recent intervention in Kosovo by the United States and NATO, defines strategic velocity, and offers strategic planners a formula for its use. Planners should focus on the three logistics lessons in the paper: 1. The need for strategic lift. 2. The requirements for aerial refuel assets. 3. The limitation port throughput capacity imposes on deploying forces. The U.S. Army deployment to Albania in April 1999 was chaotic--as combatant commanders insisted on a rapid deployment by air. In the aftermath of Kosovo, problems with aerial refueling, availability of strategic lift, throughput capacity, and deploying U.S. Army Apache helicopters in a timely fashion have reverberated throughout the Department of Defense. This study suggests a new look at the entire deployment process, and emphasis on the overarching concept of strategic velocity. Strategic Velocity is the ability of a force to project itself from the homeland or other strategic points to arrive at an operational theater ready to fight and sustain itself--it is more than the speed of movement from point A to B. Instead, for the power projection of military forces, strategic velocity is a function of forces required, distance, strategic lift, aerial refuel capability, and port throughput capacity. The result of combining these seemingly disparate components under one concept is a synergy that will improve force projection planning and execution. Strategic Velocity is innovative--it is not covered in U.S. joint doctrine, tactics, techniques, or procedures.
Army War College (U.S.)
Leonard, Kevin
2000-04-07
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Analysis of Current United States Homeland Defense Policies
This research paper argues that or the first time in many years the United States must re-consider its homeland defense policies. Technological advances coupled with rapid globalization provide potential enemies a myriad of capabilities to either directly attack the United States homeland or to use the threat of attack to shape its policies. Among the capabilities potential enemies may use are terrorism, ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, WMD, and cyber attacks. The United States currently has or is in the process of developing numerous policies and programs in an effort to counter these threats yet the end result is that currently the United States has no overarching policy to ensure the protection of its homeland and its citizens. Failure to develop a coherent, synchronized homeland defense policy will result, at best in the wasting of billions of dollars, and at worst in the loss of many lives. This paper looks at the potential threats to the homeland of the United States; reviews current laws and polices designed to counter these threats; and examines the role the armed forces play in executing these policies. This analysis is followed by a discussion on what is needed to develop a viable homeland defense policy and the role the military should play in that policy.
Army War College (U.S.)
Mayes, Kelly L.
2000-04-06
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Cyber Attack Response: The Military in a Support Role
"Assuming a foe launched a cyber attack on the U.S., what role should the military take in response? Should the military take the lead because others view cyber attack as both an act of warfare and a national defense issue? Both cyber and biological agent attacks cross this difficult line. What makes these attacks different from a nuclear warhead delivered by a missile? The distinction seems to hinge on whether the issue is 1) to defend against a cyber attack, or 2) to deal with the domestic consequences of the attack. This article examines the military support role regarding cyber attacks to the U.S., the consequences and implications, and offer possible alternatives to strengthen our homeland defense against cyber attack. It contends that the DOD should not lead the counter cyber attack efforts based on three likely scenarios: 1) transportation infrastructure; 2) financial institutions; and 3) public services."
Air University (U.S.). Press
Cabana, Nonie C.
2000-04-04
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Cyber Attack Response: The Military in a Support Role
"This article will examine the military support role regarding cyber attack to the U.S., the consequences and implications, and offer possible alternatives to strengthen our homeland defense against cyber attack. It contends that the DOD should not lead the counter cyber attack efforts based on three likely scenarios: 1) transportation infrastructure; 2) financial institutions; and 3) public services."
United States. Department of the Air Force
Cabana, Nonie
2000-04-04
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Peacetime Use of Computer Network Attack
Published in May 1998, Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63), The Critical Infrastructure Protection Directive, calls for a national effort to protect America's increasingly vulnerable and interconnected information infrastructures. Such infrastructure includes telecommunications, banking and finance, energy, transportation, and essential government services. PDD-63 alerts the nation to prepare for impending cyber attacks. This paper examines the nature, scale, and likelihood of cyber attacks posited in PDD-63 and finds that the country does not face an imminent "electronic Pearl Harbor". Nonetheless, the country's information infrastructure is vulnerable to cyber attacks by a plethora of adversaries. The most dangerous threat is from state- sponsored cyber-warriors. In view of this real and growing threat, the prescriptions in PDD-63 for protecting the infrastructure are inadequate. This paper concludes that the defensively oriented policy measures in PDD-63 are insufficient for protecting the infrastructure. These measures are not working now, and because they are entirely reactive by nature, they will not deter future attacks by state-sponsored cyber-warriors. With the potential for severe disruptions to the infrastructure so great, this paper argues that the United States must conduct open, offensive Computer Network Attacks against state- sponsored cyber-warriors during peacetime. Only then will the country be able to stop these adversaries and adequately protect its infrastructure.
Army War College (U.S.)
Busby, Daniel J.
2000-04-03
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Active Duty And Reserve Component Roles In America's Homeland Defense
This paper examines all aspects of homeland defense of the United States. First it provides a historical perspective on the Homeland Defense mission and identifies future threats. Each major threat area is then examined to determine what our response should be against that threat, to include identifying specific missions. Each mission is assessed for its compatibility with Active Duty Forces and with Reserve Component Forces using the criteria of trust of the American people, availability of personnel and equipment and the ability to adequately perform the mission. The similarities of the Active and Reserve capabilities along with their differences are compared to make an argument for the role each should play in providing a strong homeland defense for the United States of America. This paper finally recommends that the National Guard take the lead role in specific homeland defense missions, with follow on forces from the Reserve and Active Duty military services. The special relationship enjoyed with the civilian community by the reserve components should be used to leverage military support to civil authorities.
Army War College (U.S.)
Jackson, Michael P.
2000-04-01
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Effects of Presidential Decision Directive 63 on the Public
Specific recommendations made in a report by The President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure resulted in Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63). PDD-63 complimented actions initiated under Presidential Decision Directive-39 (PDD-39) and specifically targeted the nation's cyber- infrastructure for protection. In December 1999, the Federal Government's plan entitled "Defending America's Cyberspace: National Plan for Information Systems Protection", was finalized and signed by the President. This report analyzes the Federal Government's plan and determines what effects the plan will have on the citizens of the United States.
Army War College (U.S.)
Smulian, Paul
2000-04-01
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Patterns of Global Terrorism 1999
"The US Government continues its commitment to use all tools necessary--including international diplomacy, law enforcement, intelligence collection and sharing, and military force--to counter current terrorist threats and hold terrorists accountable for past actions. Terrorists seek refuge in "swamps" where government control is weak or governments are sympathetic. We seek to drain these swamps. Through international and domestic legislation and strengthened law enforcement, the United States seeks to limit the room in which terrorists can move, plan, raise funds, and operate. Our goal is to eliminate terrorist safe havens, dry up their sources of revenue, break up their cells, disrupt their movements, and criminalize their behavior. We work closely with other countries to increase international political will to limit all aspects of terrorists' efforts. US counterterrorist policies are tailored to combat what we believe to be the shifting trends in terrorism. One trend is the shift from well-organized, localized groups supported by state sponsors to loosely organized, international networks of terrorists. Such a network supported the failed attempt to smuggle explosives material and detonating devices into Seattle in December. With the decrease of state funding, these loosely networked individuals and groups have turned increasingly to other sources of funding, including private sponsorship, narco-trafficking, crime, and illegal trade. This shift parallels a change from primarily politically motivated terrorism to terrorism that is more religiously or ideologically motivated. Another trend is the shift eastward of the locus of terrorism from the Middle East to South Asia, specifically Afghanistan. As most Middle Eastern governments have strengthened their counterterrorist response, terrorists and their organizations have sought safe haven in areas where they can operate with impunity."
United States. Department of State
2000-04
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JCS J3: Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Handbook
"This handbook is designed to be an aid to the staff officer or civilian involved in the defensive planning for, or reaction to the use of weapons of mass destruction. The handbook is divided into four sections - Introduction, WMD Threat Types, U.S. Government Response Capabilities, and Consequence Management. These are followed by appendices containing various information such as terms and definitions, references, points of contact, and websites. The authors logic was to impart an understanding of the various aspects of the threat and then offer ways of dealing with the threat. The information contained in this handbook was extracted from relevant Department of Defense and other open-source material. However, it is not an official Department of Defense publication."
United States. Department of Defense
2000-04
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Department of Defense Policies and Programs to Combat Terrorism: Hearing before the U.S. Senate, Committee on Armed Services, March 24, 2000
This testimony compilation from the March 24, 2000 hearing, "Department of Defense Policies and Programs to Combat Terrorism," before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee. From Brian Sheridan's statement: "I am pleased to have the opportunity to update you, from a policy and operational perspective, on the way that the Department of Defense has organized itself to support the US Government's combating terrorism mission. Since I spoke with you a year ago the Department has continued to assess and improve the way that we organize and structure ourselves to combat the threat of terrorism both at home and abroad. The Department of Defense has made substantial progress, but terrorism will remain a continuing challenge in a volatile and violent world. The battle against terrorism requires effective coordination within our own government and between our government and law-abiding nations around the globe. At home it requires a close coordination between Federal, State and local authorities and even more importantly a strong partnership between the Executive and Legislative branches. I would like to commend the Senate Armed Services Committee for recognizing the increasing importance that non-traditional forms of warfare like terrorism increasingly play in our national security. I look forward to the opportunity today to build on our partnership." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Brian E. Sheridan, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict; Admiral Harold W. Gehman Jr., USN, Commander in Chief, U.S. Joint Forces Command, Charles L. Cragin, Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, and Pamela B. Berkowsky, Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Civil Support.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
2000-03-24
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Department of Defense Implemenation Plan for Advanced Distributed Learning
"The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative is providing a federal framework for using distributed learning to provide high-quality education and training, that can be tailored to individual needs and delivered cost-effectively, anytime and anywhere. The Department of Defense (DoD) has developed its ADL Strategic Plan that describes how it expects to use information, computing and communications and technologies to modernize military education, training, and performance support. Importantly, the ADL Initiative's underpinnings and applications are germane not only to the Department of Defense, but to other government organizations, academia, and the private sector, as well. The ADL Initiative, therefore, is a cooperative effort between the public and private sectors to develop and share common standards, reusable learning tools, and content. The department's education and training programs must prepare the total force to meet national security challenges and opportunities. Training technologies, those available today as well as those on the horizon, provide an opportunity to help us achieve that goal. We must be able to train our forces effectively and rapidly, whether they are at home stations, en route, or in the theater of operations. The tools under development through the ADL Initiative will add another level of learning capability and the opportunity to strengthen our already impressive inventory of learning technologies, techniques, and procedures. The ADL Initiative, under which this Department of Defense Implementation Plan for Advanced Distributed Learning has been developed, is a complex and dynamic undertaking. It is designed to meet the goals of the department, the Congress, and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), as well as the requirements of the warfighter and the DoD learner. This Implementation Plan is a living roadmap that will change over time."
United States. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness)
2000-03-19
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Combating Biological Terrorism: Is Department of Defense Prepared to Support U.S. Government Interagency Quarantine Operations
The threat of biological terrorism, long ignored and denied, has heightened over the past few years as illustrated by the 1995 Aum Shinrikyo sarin attack in the Tokyo subway system. Many experts in the field of combating terrorism state that it is not "if" but "when", a terrorist will detonate a biological weapon(s) in the United States. If this is the case, is the Department of Defense prepared to support the U.S. Government's interagency effort to establish, maintain and enforce a quarantine operation? Specifically, is current doctrine, policy, and interagency infrastructure (specifically DoD) adequate to respond to an incident of biological terrorism (to support quarantine operations) in a major U.S. metropolitan city? As a result of this heightened threat, President Clinton announced a series of sweeping combating terrorism policy initiatives during his remarks at the United States Naval Academy Commencement on May 22, 1998. These initiatives included the signing of Presidential Decision Directives 62 and 63 (follow-up to PDD 39) which among other aspects, set-up the office of the National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism within the National Security Council. This was a watershed step in the Federal government's ability to finally assert a collective and coordinated (Interagency) effort in the area of combating terrorism. These land mark initiatives definitely went a long way to solidify the U.S. government's national commitment to protect the nation's critical infrastructure and population from the effects of terrorist's attacks involving weapons of mass destruction to include nuclear, chemical, and biological threats.
Army War College (U.S.)
Stout, Michael E.
2000-03-17
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Role of the Military in a Democratic Society, Zagreb Defense and Protection Command, Croatian Armed Forces 1991-1993
According to Directive for A.Y. 2000 and Communicative Arts Program I describe the organization of Zagreb Defense and Protection Command (ZOGZ) led by myself during the period from 1991 until 1993. This project consists of several chapters about dramatic events that occurred in the former Yugoslavia, especially in Zagreb, the Croatian capital. The main portion of this essay is based on my personal experience and insights from that period of time. The democratic changes in Croatia are explained in a separate chapter. The creation and development of the Croatian Army in Zagreb is described as well as the development of the ZOGZ and its subordinate military units. The basic organization and structure of the ZOGZ as well as main responsibilities of that Command are also covered in a separate part of essay. A brief explanation of the origins of Croatian independence and the defensive period of the Homeland War are the topic of one section of this project. Significant differences between the former Yugoslav Army and the newly formed Croatian military are the focus of one portion, as well. Finally, I summarize and offer short conclusions that explain the importance of these events for Croatia and her military.
Army War College (U.S.)
Darko, Grdic
2000-03-16
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From Drugs to Bugs: The National Guard's Expanding Role in the National Security Strategy
"The National Guard continues to expand its role in the National Security Strategy with increased involvement in Counter Drug operations and the mission to defend the Homeland. This research discusses the National Guard's involvement as a Department of Defense Agency in two of the Nation's biggest concerns, the insidious drug problem and the Asymmetrical Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction use within the borders of the United States. The status of the National Guard under the individual Governor's control and the natural link between the military and civilian agencies provide a cost effective means to assist in countering the drug problem and reacting to a weapons of mass destruction attack."
Army War College (U.S.)
Bloomquist, Robert D.
2000-03-15
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U.S. Security Concerns in Asia: Hearing Before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 8, 2000
On March 8, 2000, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations convenes to discuss and hear testimony on U.S. Security Concerns in Asia. Testifying are Admiral Dennis Blair, the Commander in Chief of the US Pacific Command; Rust Deming, the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs at the US Department of State; and Franklin Kramer, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs at the US Department of Defense. Chairman Doug Bereuter explains that "The Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific meets today to examine U.S. security interests in Asia" and that "the first immutable principle that I identified was the advancement of U.S. security interests in the region; thereby ensuring that the U.S. remains engaged, committed to peace, and dedicated to strengthening our alliance and friendships in the region." Admiral Blair testifies to the multiple goals and challenges facing American interests with regard to Asian security, including North Korea, Taiwan, and East Timor. He suggests better military relations with Russia, Indonesia, India, and China as a means to securing peace in the region. Mr. Deming focuses his remarks "on how our military efforts support our broader interests in the region." In particular, he speaks to issues regarding the DPRK, Japanese and Okinawan, Southeast Asian, Australian, Indonesian, and Chinese issues.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000-03-08
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Command of Space: A National Vision for American Prosperity and Security
This thesis develops a compelling case for a national space vision to advance the American vital interests of prosperity and security. The first half of paper focuses on laying the background for the vision that follows in the second half. In the title, prosperity is listed before security since it is the reason for exploration and eventually requires protection.
The paper begins with the premise that space is becoming an information center of gravity that is increasingly important to the commercial sector as well as the military. However, a major stumbling block in this transition is the lack of the means to protect on-orbit space systems. Without this capability, true command of space is not possible. The paper then transitions to a discourse on the current dependence on space in America. Next, the quest for wealth and information by the European powers in the second millennium is discussed. Each of these examples demonstrates a recurring cycle in their quest: knowledge, exploitation, investment, consumption and protection. This same cycle is seen in the early days of space where the focus was almost exclusively on knowledge and exploration. Several who possessed a vision to advance space were Jules Verne, Wernher von Braun and Arthur C. Clark. From the early days of space, the transition is made to reviewing a current space system, Global Positioning System, as an example of the promise of space and the current focus on investment and consumption. To make the case for protecting space assets, the role of the U.S. Navy in protecting maritime commerce is examined as well as the current threat to the space sector.
The vision for space focuses on the near-term and primarily on the Air Force. While it is recognized that space is much larger, consisting of the military, intelligence, civil and commercial sectors, to thoroughly discuss each sector is beyond the scope of this paper. The Air Force is singled out since it controls nearly ninety percent of the DOD's white-world space budget and contains nearly the same percentage of space personnel. Fundamental changes are recommended in each of these areas: organization, space doctrine, changing the space culture, professional military education, funding/core competencies, and a review of whether to integrate or separate space capabilities. In addition to these, recommendations are also made for the president and Congress to advance toward the goal of commanding space. The future requires a national effort to master all sectors of space for America to realize its vital interests of prosperity and security. The vision--to command space--is an economic and political imperative, which in turn will require a military capability. It is a matter of quality of life as well as national security.
Air University (U.S.). Air War College
Amrine, John M.
2000-03
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Emergency Response to Terrorism: Tactical Considerations: Company Officer, Student Manual [Second Edition]
"The goal of the course is to supply the responding officer with the strategic and tactical tools to recognize a hostile act, minimize losses, identify self-protective measures to other arriving units, establish command, manage the incident, and direct operations until relieved by a senior ranking officer."
United States. Office of Homeland Security
2000-03
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Joint Force Quarterly: Autumn/Winter 1999-2000, Issue 23 [March 2000]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University Press
Jablonsky, David
2000-03
