Advanced search    Help

Clear all search criteria

Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).

• Sandia Technology: Quarterly Research & Development Journal (Summer 2001, Entire Journal)

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This is the entire Journal from Sandia National Laboratories for Summer 2001. This issue of Sandia Technology outlines some of those technologies, which encompass Sandia's work in robotics, computing, integrated microsystems, and biotechnology. Integrating disparate technologies into practical, effective systems that bolster America's national security is Sandia's strength. Included are the following 5 different articles: "Countering Emerging Threats: Technologies for Asymmetrical Warfare, Protection of our Homeland and Future Warfighting", "Developing Technologies for Asymmetrical Warfare and Homeland Defense", "Fielding New Systems for Countering Terrorism", "Meeting the Logistics and Demilitarization Challenges", and "Modeling and Simulation: Who knows what evils lurk in the paths of robots?".

  United States. Department of Energy

  2001
• Strategy Essay Competition (2001)

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The winners of this 20th annual Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Strategy Essay Competition join an impressive line of gifted men and women who have made significant academic contributions to U.S. national security. Each year the competition challenges students attending professional military education institutions to analyze key elements of defense strategy and recommend areas in which changes or improvements are needed. As in past years, the winning essays are remarkable for their insight and wisdom. Each author provides fresh ideas and thoughtprovoking suggestions that will stimulate the ongoing debate over defense strategy and priorities during this year of the Quadrennial Defense Review.

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  2001
• Is the United Nation's Current Policy in Iraq Effective? Evaluation of Economic Sanctions and the Oil-for-Food' Program

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  United Nations policy toward Iraq, consisting of economic sanctions and what has come to be known as the Oil for Food program is flawed - it does not meet either the national security objectives or the humanitarian objectives it was set out to accomplish. In this report, the authors advocate that a comprehensive policy for Iraq must address both national security and humanitarian concerns if it is to be successful. Politics and humanitarian intervention cannot be separated. The research team analyzed the current UN policy for Iraq and two leading alternatives which represented either a national security perspective or a humanitarian intervention perspective. From a national security perspective, the team analyzed the alternative presented by Anthony Cordesman, Senior Fellow and Co-Director, Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) Middle East Studies Program. From the humanitarian intervention perspective, they analyzed the alternative presented by Denis J. Halliday, former coordinator of the Oil for Food program at the UN. Finally, the team constructs and analyzes an alternative policy and develops it into a feasible course of action which the authors evaluate based on established criteria.

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Jacobs, Gordy; Rainey, Pat; Donaher, Bill . . .

  2001
• Agro-Terrorism: What Is the Threat?

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Agricultural bioterrorism is defined as the malicious use of plant or animal pathogens to cause devastating disease in the agricultural sector. Currently, this topic has received increased attention and discussion within academic, media, and government circles. The US agriculture sector, with subsidiary dependent industries, accounts for around one-sixth of the nation's gross domestic product and one-eighth of its employment. Some analysts contend that the agricultural sector is highly vulnerable to an attack. The potential consequences of a malicious attack on agriculture can be seen in naturally occurring disease outbreaks elsewhere in the world, which have cost billions of dollars and temporarily wrecked entire industries. The costs of a major disease outbreak may affect not only the farmer or producer, but also a series of associated groups and individuals, from agricultural workers and processing facilities to shippers, retailers, and finally consumers.

  United States. Department of Energy

  2001
• Catastrophic Terrorism: Are We Prepared: An Evening Address by Stephen M. Duncan, President and Chief Executive Officer Southeastern Computer Consultants, Inc., at a Medical Disaster Conference/Workshop, Biological Response Resources and Logistics, at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, June 14, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The focus of this speech is on the subject of the organization of the Government to respond to a major terrorist incident, especially one involving major biological, chemical, or nuclear consequences, and the kind of political leadership that is required to increase our chances of preventing such a horrible event, or, failing that, to ensure that we react to it in the best way possible. It is the speaker's opinion that our nation's defenses against a catastrophic terrorist attack lack a Strategic or a comprehensive National Plan and that they are poorly organized. The speaker attempts to answer the following questions in his speech: What is the basis of my conclusion? What is the status of our plans to respond to a catastrophic terrorist attack? What is the nature of the threat against which we must be prepared? Does the Federal Government, including the Armed Forces, have a role to play, or should our response capabilities be placed exclusively in the hands of state and local authorities, including law enforcement and emergency medical, fire, and management agencies?

  U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command

  2001
• U.S. Army Special Forces Roles in Asymmetric Warfare

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The U.S. National Security Strategy is the basis of a preventive solution through global engagement, which fosters international interoperability and cooperation to defeat complex asymmetric threats. The study examined how U. S. Army Special Forces can advance this interoperability and cooperation, and identified three evolving roles; Strike Force, Warrior Diplomats, and Global Scouts. As they transition into the 21st century, the central research question is: will U.S. Army Special Forces need to redefine themselves in terms of mission, doctrine, training, or organization as a result of their evolving roles conditioned by an asymmetric threat environment? The study examined the relevance of core, collateral, and emerging missions. It concluded that basic SF doctrine remains sound, but the changing environment and evolving roles of SF will call for a certain amount of refinement. Tactics, techniques, and procedures will change as new technologies are introduced into SF organizations, but emphasis on the human element remains essential, and SF core competencies and warrior skills must be preserved. The study concluded with recommendations to preserve the relevance and efficiency of SF as the premier mechanism for extending U.S. influence in a world of increased global interaction, required to meet security needs.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Dinter, Heinz P., Jr.

  2001
• In front of the Threat: Evolving the Department of Defense Strategic Organizational Structure to Prepare for the Challenges of Weapons of Mass Destruction

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The increasing likelihood and potentially devastating effects of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) use against the United States has forced a reexamination of America s national security posture here at home. Fortunately, much has been done recently to define and address the threat. Many federal agencies, including the Department of Defense (DoD), now contribute steadily increasing amounts of manpower, resources, and expertise to the cause. This thesis asks: Is DoD adequately organized at the strategic level to address this evolving WMD threat? Has its strategic organizational structure kept pace with the threat and the recent actions taken to address it? The study finds that it clearly has not. There is an identifiable lack of strategic integration of effort in this area. This thesis examines the relevant literature and capabilities then suggests that, while much has been done at the tactical and operational levels, very little centralized strategic direction exists. Two potential solutions are proposed: (1) The creation of a Commander in Chief (CINC) Homeland Security within which WMD strategic direction and integration resides; and (2) An expanded Joint Task Force for Civil Support (JTF-CS) capable of the full range of strategic level tasks required to address the threat.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Closs, Thomas J.

  2001
• Alternative National Military Strategies for the United States

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "The Strategic Studies Institute of the U.S. Army War College and the Georgetown University Center for Peace and Security Studies convened a conference on "Alternative Military Strategies for the United States" to highlight the key issues that will have to be analyzed by the QDR and the new administration's security planning. This report summarizes the presentations from a distinguished group of panelists that included many prominent American commentators on national security issues."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Crane, Conrad C.

  2000-12
• United States Policy and Budgeting for the Reserve Component

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This study examines the Reserve Component of the United States, focusing on its composition, the Total Force Policy, the funding process and recent funding trends. Because of the increased use of the Reserves, it is important to understand the process of budgeting for the Reserves and how they have fared in the post-Cold War period of constrained resources. Analysis of past and current force policies, interviews with DoD PPBS personnel and research of DoD and congressional actions provided the basis for this study. Since 1989, the output delivered by the Reserve Component to the Total Force has increase by more than 1300 percent. During this period, inflation-adjusted funding for the Reserve Component has decreased by slightly more than 12 percent. Additional missions in peacekeeping, weapons of mass destruction support and space operations are contributing to the use of Reserves in peacetime. The research concludes that changes must occur to the Total Force Policy, assigned missions and funding to ensure that the Reserve Component remains a viable part of the Total Force in the future.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Zawislak, Edward L.

  2000-12
• Assessing the U.S. Counter Proliferation Initiative: Considerations For Military Operations Other Than War

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) represents a growing threat to the national security interests of the United States. The United States must retain its ability to project power, while providing its forces adequate protection. Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) are becoming a primary responsibility and mission of the U.S. armed forces. Evidence indicates that WMD are proliferating precisely in the same regions where U.S. military forces have been called upon to conduct MOOTW. While the United States has developed various measures to confront this growing challenge, most notably the 1993 DoD Counter Proliferation Initiative, additional considerations must be weighed in assessing the overall effectiveness of the U.S. counterproliferation strategy. The level of preparedness of the U.S. military is of particular concern, in ensuring forces are trained, equipped, and prepared to confront WMD- armed adversaries in a MOOTW environment. This study examines the merging confluence of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and U.S. military operations other than war.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Valiquette, Matt J.

  2000-12
• Electronic Intrusion Threat to National Security and Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP) Internet Communications: An Awareness Document

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The threat posed by electronic intrusion and its impact upon national security and emergency preparedness is discussed vis-à-vis government communications over the internet. From the text: "The threat posed by electronic intrusion grows concurrently with the increased use of electronic media, widespread availability of intrusion tools on the Internet, and the increased use of the Internet and IT applications by adversarial actors such as foreign agencies, terrorist and radical organizations, criminals and criminal organizations, and hackers. An additional threat actor is the insider. The aforementioned threat actors continue to become more sophisticated and security breaches show no sign of ebbing. According to a study published in March 2000 by the Computer Security Institute (CSI), 90 percent of the respondents reported security breaches in the last 12 months. These respondents were primarily large corporations and government agencies. The respondents who were willing to provide financial data reported an aggregate annual loss of $265,589,540. No governing body has the authority to enforce security policy on the Internet. Security on the Internet must be addressed and precautions taken if NS/EP operations are to be conducted safely on the Internet."

  National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager

  2000-12
• Counterintelligence Reader: American Revolution into the New Millenium, Volume 4

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document is part of a four-volume account of the history and evolution of U.S. Counterintelligence. The volumes were prepared for the now-defunct National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). Volume four looks at current counterintelligence challenges from China, Russia and elsewhere. Chapter one focuses on China. Chapter two focuses on Russia. Chapter three examines worldwide threats. Finally, chapter four examines counterintelligence issues in the U.S.

  National Counterintelligence Center (U.S.)

  Rafalko, Frank J.

  2001
• S. Hrg. 107-543: Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2003: Hearings before the Committee on Budget, United States Senate One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document consists of a number of hearings dealing with budget and economy issues for fiscal year 2003. Hearings presented are: January 23, 24, 2002--the Budget and Economic Outlook; January 29, 2002--the Budget and the Economy; February 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Proposals; February 7, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget and Revenue Proposal Debt Management; February 26, 2002--the Effect of the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Proposals on the Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Department of Education; February 27, 2002--the Long-Term Budgetary Outlook; February 28, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Defense Request: Winning the War, Transformation, and Reform Issues; and March 6, 2002--the Congressional Budget Office's Analysis of the President's Proposals for Fiscal Year 2003. Witnesses to these hearings include: Robert L. Bixby, Robert Chase, Dan L. Crippen, Mitchell E. Daniels Jr., Robert B. Flowers, Alan Greenspan, Larry King, Jacob J. Lew, Michael E. O'Hanlon, Paul O'Neill, Peter R. Orszag, Michael Parker, Mary E. Peters, Colin L. Powell, Robert D. Reischauer, Richard Santos, Thomas A. Till, Loren B. Thompson, Tommy G. Thompson, David M. Walker, Brian S. Wesbury, Josh S. Weston, and Paul Wolfowitz.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 107-46: Africa and the War on Global Terrorism: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, November 15, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Serial No. 107-46: From the opening statement of Edward R. Royce: "The Bush administration has recognized Africa's centrality to the war on terrorism. National Security Advisor Rice, while speaking on October 30 to over 100 African ministers gathered in Washington for the African Growth and Opportunity Act Forum, said this, 'Africa's history and geography give it a pivotal role in the war on terrorism. Nevertheless some Africans have expressed concerns that U.S. attention and resources devoted to Africa will be shorted in favor of the Middle East and South Asia. This should not be the case under any circumstances.'" This hearing discusses Africa and its critical role in the war on terrorism. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Susan E. Rice, J. Stephen Morrison, Sulayman S. Nyang, Edward R. Royce, and Donald M. Payne.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 106-78: U.S.-China Bilateral Trade Agreement and the Accession of China to the WTO: Hearing before the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, February 16, 2000

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This hearing examines the bilateral trade agreement between the United States and China on the pending accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Chairman Archer: "One of the most important items for American workers, farmers and businesses this year is expanding trade with the most populous nation in the world. Whether we can actually capture these gains depends in large measure on the President's commitment to push for passage of legislation necessary to grant China permanent NTR trade status. I look forward to working with the President on opening China's borders to American-made products and services. As history has repeatedly shown, our economy and quality of life only grow stronger when we embrace international trade, not close our borders to it." The focus of this hearing is to examine: (1) the opportunities and issues associated with the entry of China into the WTO, and (2) the potential benefits of the U.S.--China bilateral trade agreement for U.S. firms, workers, farmers, ranchers, and other interested parties. Testimony on how progress of China's accession to the WTO affects the pending application of Taiwan to join the WTO and the potential impact on the United States, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong of normalized trade relations between the United States and China is also included. Witnesses to this hearing include: Earl Blumenauer, Michael R. Bonsignore, John Chen, Ernest S. Micek, Robert C. Liuzzi, Dave Kronlage, Ernest S. Micek, Chuck Mack, James P. Moran, Nancy Pelosi, Christopher H. Smith, John Chen, Leon Trammell, and Steve Appel.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 107-18: Combating Terrorism: In Search of a National Strategy: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, March 27, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  From the opening statement of Christopher Shays: "According to our witnesses this morning, the fight against terrorism remains fragmented and unfocused, primarily because no overarching national strategy guides planning, directs spending, or disciplines bureaucratic balkanization. They will discuss recommendations for reform of counterterrorism programs that the new administration would be wise, very wise, to consider." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following persons: Bruce Hoffman, James Clapper, Jr., Michael Wermuth, Warren B. Rudman, Charles G. Boyd, Frank Culluffo, Dennis J. Kucinich, and Christopher Shays.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 106-255: National Missile Defense: Test Failures and Technology Development: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, September 8, 2000

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Serial No. 106-255: Under the National Missile Defense Act of 1999, It is the policy of the United States to deploy as soon as is technologically possible an effective National Missile Defense system capable of defending the territory of the United States against limited ballistic missile attack.'' Adopted with broad bipartisan support and signed by the President, the statute answered the question whether to deploy a national missile shield, but could not mandate when a technologically feasible system would be ready. When will effective and affordable National Missile Defense [NMD], technology, be ready? That is the question posed at this hearing undertaking oversight of a $10 billion technology development process that has yet to yield a deployable NMD system. Statements of: Phillip Coyle, Edward Warner, Avis Bohlen, Dr. William Graham, Lawrence J. Korb, Dr. Lisbeth Gronlund, Dr. Kim Holmes, Baker Spring. Letters, statements, for the record by: Avis Bohlen, Helen Hage, Article, Facing the Risks: A Realistic Look at Missile Defense'', Phillip Coyle, Dr. William Graham, Dr. Lisbeth Gronlund, Dr. Kim Holmes, Ronald Kadish, and Lawrence J. Korb.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 107-14: Nomination of Colin L. Powell to be Secretary of State: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, January 17, 2001.

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document contains statements regarding and by General Colin Powell, for consideration by the Foreign Relations Committee, concerning Mr. Powell's nomination for Secretary of State. Statements, letters, additional questions and material submitted for the record include those of the following: George Allen, Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Russell D. Feingold, Chuck Hagel, Jesse Helms, Colin L. Powell, John W. Warner, Richard Lugar, Gordon Smith, Paul Wellstone, Barbara Boxer, Robert Torricelli, and Olympia Snowe.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002: Report to Accompany S. 1416 on Authorizing Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2002 for Military Activities of the Department of Defense, for Military Constrution, and for Defense Avtivities of the Department of Energy, to Prescribe Personnel Strengths for Such Fiscal Year for the Armed Forces, and for Other Purposes together with Minority Views, Committee on Armed Services United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, September 12, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This is a report to accompany S. 1416, the National Defense Authorization Act of 2002. This bill would (1) authorize appropriations for (a) procurement, (b) research, development, test and evaluation, (c) operation and maintenance and the revolving and management funds of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2002; (2) authorize the personnel end strengths for each military active duty component of the armed forces for fiscal year 2002; (3) authorize the personnel end strengths for the Selected Reserve of each of the reserve components of the armed forces for fiscal year 2002; (4) impose certain reporting requirements; (5) impose certain limitations with regard to specific procurement and research, development, test and evaluation actions and manpower strengths; provide certain additional legislative authority, and make certain changes to existing law; (6) authorize appropriations for military construction programs of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2002; and (7) authorize appropriations for national security programs of the Department of Energy for fiscal year 2002. Included in this bill are appropriations issues for ballistic missiles and other defense assets.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002: House Conference Report, House of Representatives One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, December 12, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Report 107-333: This is a conference report to accompany S. 1438. "The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendment of the House to the bill (S. 1438), to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2002 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe personnel strengths for such fiscal year for the Armed Forces, and for other purposes, having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: That the Senate recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the House and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the House amendment, insert the following:" This document contains the proposed amendments to S. 1438, including the short title "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002". Included are Department of Defense Authorizations, Military Construction Authorization, Department of Energy National Security Authorizations, and Other Authorizations.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Serial No. 106-188: Implementing Plan Colombia: The U.S. Role: Hearing before the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, September 20, 2000

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Serial No. 106-188: "Today we are holding this hearing to find out just how the Administration plans to administer this aid to Colombia. Who is in charge? How are the roles and the responsibilities of each agency involved organized and defined? What kinds of time tables and benchmarks are we looking at and what are our expectations, both short, midterm and long term? Colombia has a plan. We have provided funding. The question today is can a plan be implemented and implemented correctly, efficiently and effectively?" Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: R. Rand Beers, Brian Sheridan, Carl Leonard, Jose Miguel Vivanco, Michael Shifter, Elton Gallegly, Dan Burton, Cynthia A. McKinney, Robert Menendez, and Steven R. Rothman.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 107-133: National Security Implications of the Human Capital Crisis: Joint Hearing before the Oversight of Government Management, Restructuring, and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, and the Subcommittee on Civil Service and Agency Organization of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, March 29, 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  S. Hrg. 107-133: This hearing will examine how the human capital crisis in the Federal Government is affecting, and indeed endangering, the national security establishment and the ability of the Federal Government to defend our Nation and its interests around the world. This is especially true with the civilian workforce of the Department of Defense. This hearing is the Senate Subcommittee's eighth on the human capital crisis. It does not make headlines, but the Federal workforce is in crisis. The average Federal employee is 47 years old. During the Presidential campaign, both candidates promised to reduce the number of Federal employees. It is going to be an easy promise to keep. By 2005, over half of the 1.8 million non-postal civil employees will be eligible for early retirement or regular retirement. An even greater percentage of the Senior Executive Service, the government's core managers, will be eligible to leave. If we fail to respond to these formidable human capital challenges in our national security establishment in a thoughtful and deliberate manner, then our best strategies and billion-dollar weapons systems will afford us little protection in an uncertain future. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: George V. Voinovich, Joe Scarborough, Constance A. Morella, Thomas M. Davis, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Richard J. Durbin, Daniel K. Akaka, Thomas R. Carper, Elijah E. Cummings, James R. Schlesinger, Henry L. Hinton, Jr., Robert J. Lieberman, and Harry D. Train.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Transportation Security Enhancement Act of 2001

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document summarizes the Transportation Security Enhancement Act of 2001, which establishes the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), an inter-modal security administration within the Department of Transportation. It is headed by an Under Secretary of Transportation to be appointed by the President for a five-year term. This document presents terms of the screener workforce and screener fees, as well as the Federal Air Marshal Program and other enhanced security measures.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure

  2001
• Counterintelligence Reader: Post-World War II to Closing the 20th Century, Volume 3

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document is part of a four-volume account of the history and evolution of U.S. Counterintelligence. The volumes were prepared for the now-defunct National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). Volume three surveys post-WWII atom bomb spies up to the latest espionage cases. Chapter one deals with Cold War counterintelligence. Chapter two discusses counterintelligence in the turbulent 1960s and 1970s. Chapter three examines the 1980s - the decade of the spy. Finally, chapter four examines counterintelligence at the end of the 20th century.

  National Counterintelligence Center (U.S.)

  Rafalko, Frank J.

  2001
• Counterintelligence Reader: American Revolution to World War II, Volume 1

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This document is part of a four-volume account of the history and evolution of U.S. Counterintelligence. The volumes were prepared for the now-defunct National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC). Volume one provides an account of counterintelligence (CI) from the American Revolution to World War II. Chapter one details the American Revolution and the Post-Revolutionary era. Chapter two examines the Civil War and the lack of a centralized direction during this time. Chapter three discusses the post Civil War Era to World War I. Finally, chapter four examines counterintelligence between the wars.

  National Counterintelligence Center (U.S.)

  Rafalko, Frank J.

  2001
• Continued Transition of the South African National Defense Force: Reserve Force Integration and Utilization

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  In the past decade, South Africa has undergone radical transitions in government, social integration, and direction. The most remarkable is the restructuring of the military, which included integration of former homeland defense units, the South African Defense Force (SADF), Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA - a military arm of the PAC), and the incorporation of Urn Khonto we Sizwe (MK - militant wing of the ANC) members into the new South African National Defense Force (SANDF). The new democratic government implemented civilian control measures and added transparency to all military operations. The integration and transition led to drastic downsizing of the active component, new involvement of the reserves, drastic cuts in military spending and complete reorganization of the Ministry of Defense. Today, success of the young democracy depends on the state's ability to address plaguing social crisis of education, housing, unemployment, and AIDS. Simply put, South Africans face limitless challenges with severe economic and financial constraints. Already the benchmarks highlighted in the 1998 Defence and Review and 1996 white Paper on Defence are no longer viable due to budget constraints. This thesis argues that given the prominence of severe budget limitations, significant social issues, and increasing economic concerns, the Reserve Force can play a crucial role in South Africa's future in terms of regional stability and democratic stability within its borders. The thesis also asserts that a well- structured reserve facilitates a smaller active force while improving countrywide social conditions and minimizing Minis of Defense budget requirements.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Englet, Lance E.

  2000-12
• Fight for Legitimacy: Liberal Democracy versus Terrorism

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This study uses an interdisciplinary approach to address the challenge of transnational threats, namely terrorism, to liberal democracies. Terrorism poses unique challenges to the liberal democratic state, and the transnational nature of terrorism necessitates cooperation between and among states. However, terrorism must be analyzed in a political and strategic context. The forces of globalization and fragmentation and the increasing claims of irredentism and secession, require a reexamination of state legitimacy. The best way for states to win legitimacy vis a vis terrorists is by adhering to liberal democratic values and cooperating with other such states. Such cooperation, which affects domestic and foreign policies, requires a convergence of political cultures among those cooperating states. This study analyzes three cases: the Basques in Spain, the ethnic Albanians in Macedonia, and the Kurds in Turkey. This study sheds light on how academics and policymakers ought to characterize and categorize terrorism, and it provides insights on the concepts of political legitimacy, liberal democracy, political culture, and political community. As the US assesses its homeland defense posture, it must resist any temptation to weaken its liberal democratic values, and as a superpower, it must encourage other states to adhere to liberal democratic values as well. Liberal democracy is not just a normative concern, it is a security imperative in today"s transnational security environment.

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  Jebb, Cindy R.

  2001
• Asymmetric Threat to U.S. National Security to the Year 2010

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Asymmetric threats counter an adversary's strengths by focusing on its weaknesses. In the post-Cold War world asymmetric threats to U.S. national security are far more likely than they were just a decade ago. This paper considers asymmetric threats from the perspective of ends, ways, and means. It examines American and enemy ends, as well as several means of projecting force asymmetrically, and also suggests that symmetrical means of applying force can be asymmetric threats if they are used in certain ways. The paper concludes that perhaps the most serious threat to U.S. national security for the next ten years is the organizational culture of the Department of Defense and of its component services that leads them to prepare almost exclusively for symmetrical threats. The nation must maintain its ability to deter symmetric threats to U.S. national security, but that capability will be insufficient to protect against all of the threats that the nation is likely to face in the near future. While continuing to prepare to fight the wars the U.S. expects to fight, it must also begin devoting more resources to preparing to be hit where it does not expect to be.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Nagl, John A., 1966-

  2001
• Information Age Anthology - Volume III

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "In what ways will wars and the military that fight them be different in the Information Age than in earlier ages? What will this mean for the U.S. military? In this third volume of the Information Age Anthology, we turn finally to the task of exploring answers to these simply stated, but vexing questions that provided the impetus for the first two volumes of the Information Age Anthology."

  Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)

  Alberts, David S. (David Stephen), 1942-; Papp, Daniel S,

  2001
• Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Support to Urban Operations

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  From the monograph abstract: "This monograph addresses the research question: are there unique ISR [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance] capabilities to support urban military operations? The desire to explore this research question is based on the conditions: (1) shift in demographics and economics to urban areas into 2030; (2) increase of U.S. military operations on the urban landscape since the 1990s; (3) potential use of urban areas by determined foes as an asymmetric approach; and (4) availability of literature questioning if there are adequate ISR capabilities to support urban military operations. The methodology for the research consists of a thorough literature review on the characteristics of an urban environment, especially the effects that it has on threat and friendly forces operations; ISR capabilities currently in the Army as well as part of ongoing research and development programs; and case studies of Grozny, Chechnya and Hue, Vietnam. Analysis of available literature was sufficient for making generalizations of the unique ISR capabilities required to support military operations on the urban terrain compared to the conventional, open battlefield. There is a need for innovative ISR capabilities on the modern urban battlefield. The challenge of operating on urban terrain is multi-dimensional. In contrast to open terrain, the urban landscape has limited open maneuver and observation areas with line of sight concerns because of the density of man-made structures and population, subterranean areas, and possibly natural terrain features. ISR capabilities in urban areas should include both human and technical assets, representing all the intelligence disciplines. As ISR systems are designed, there should be emphasis on as many collectors as possible to be unmanned; miniature, unobservable (stealthy); capable of transmitting what they see, hear, smell and/or sense through walls, windows, tunnels, and electrical conduits; and are part of a network centric architecture. The ongoing Army initiative to transform from a legacy force into an objective force offers an ideal window of opportunity to design and procure the ISR capabilities essential to support urban military operations."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies

  Bush, Bichson

  2000-11-16