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• PA Policy 9580: Job Aids and Fact Sheets

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  The purpose of this Public Assistance (PA) policy is to assist FEMA [Federal Emergency Management Agency] and partners in preparing, developing, and managing public assistance activities. This PA policy contains information on the following: "Public Assistance Program Administration and Appeals"; "Public Assistance Eligibility"; "General Work Eligibility"; "Emergency Work"; "Restoration of Damaged Facilities"; "Allowable Costs"; "Mitigation"; "Codes and Standards"; "Public Assistance Insurance Requirements"; "Fire Suppression Assistance"; "Compliance with Environmental, Historic Preservation, Cultural Initiatives, Other Laws"; "Standard Operating Procedures"; and "Job Aids and Fact Sheets".

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  2000
• Biocruise: A Contemporary Threat

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  "The specter of intermediate-range and short-range missile proliferation and their employment by rogue regimes to deliver weapons of mass destruction has troubled the international community for some time. The prospect of an 'irrational actor,' state or non-state, in possession of such a missile, coupled with current proliferation in nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons opens up frightening scenarios for future U.S. and international community involvement in regional conflicts. Recent innovations in cruise missile technology pose a new and potentially greater problem than that posed by ballistic missiles. Cruise missiles are far easier to obtain, maintain, weaponize, and employ than ballistic missiles. Given the greater ease of production of biological weapons compared to nuclear or chemical weapons, and the ease of acquisition of a cruise missile delivery system compared to ballistic missiles, several operational scenarios may prove inviting to states or nonstate actors intent on influencing the United States or attacking its forces. This paper reviews proliferation and ease of weaponization of biological agents, as well as the extent of proliferation of cruise missiles, along with their general capabilities. Finally, it reviews constraints that may be inhibiting the use of biological weapons, and poses plausible employment scenarios that could have a significant impact on U.S. decision makers as well as on USAF Air Expeditionary Forces. This paper seeks to raise the level of awareness of a threat, which is not "emerging" as much as it is already a clear and present danger to the United States and USAF expeditionary operations. Appendix A presents a table of past and present biological weapon programs by country. The table includes program status, possible bioagents involved, and whether the country is a sponsor of terrorism. Appendix B is a table of cruise missiles possessed by selected nations that includes type, launch method, range, payload, and status."

  USAF Counterproliferation Center

  Dickey, Michael E.

  2000
• Terrorism 2000/2001

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  "Since the mid-1980s, the FBI has published 'Terrorism in the United States', an unclassified annual report summarizing terrorist activities in this country. While this publication provided a good overview of the terrorist threat in the United States, its limited scope proved not conducive to conveying either the breadth and width of the terrorist threat facing U.S. interests or the scale of the FBI's response to international terrorism worldwide. To better reflect the nature of the threat and the scope of our response, the FBI is, therefore, expanding the focus of its annual terrorism report. Terrorism provides an overview of terrorist incidents and preventions taking place in the United Sates and its territories, just as 'Terrorism in the United States' did. In addition, however, 'Terrorism' discusses FBI investigations overseas, and thus provides a more comprehensive picture of the totality of the FBI's response to international terrorism. While this expanded focus is intended to provide a more complete overview of FBI terrorism investigations into acts involving U.S. interests around the world, 'Terrorism' is not intended as a comprehensive annual review of worldwide terrorist activity. For such a comprehensive overview of global terrorism issues, see the report 'Patterns of Global Terrorism', published annually by the U.S. Department of State. This inaugural issue of Terrorism provides annual overviews for the years 2000 and 2001. The FBI hopes you find 'Terrorism 2000/2001' to be a helpful resource, and thanks you for your interest in the FBI's Counterterrorism Program."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-580: Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States: Hearing before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session on Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States, February 2, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Richard C. Shelby: "The witnesses have been asked to focus on those conditions throughout the world that have fostered, or will foster, threats and challenges to the security of the United States. We will be concentrating on conventional as well as unconventional threats, including threats posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and high-technology state-sponsored and nonstate terrorists. This hearing is intended to form the backdrop not only for the Committee's annual budget authorization process but also for a comprehensive review of the capabilities of the Intelligence Community and the adequacy of the resources being dedicated to this very important work. While this hearing is designed to address critical threats to our nation's security, another matter has come to the public's attention and is one that Director Tenet, I believe, should address in more detail. That matter is the conduct of Mr. Tenet's predecessor, John Deutch, and the conduct of senior CIA officials in investigating, failing to investigate, or possibly impeding the investigation of Mr. Deutch's handling or mishandling of classified information." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard H. Bryan, J. Stapleton Roy, George J. Tenet, and Thomas R. Wilson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-352: Bioterrorism--Domestic Weapons of Mass Destruction: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, Special Hearing [March 16, 1999]

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  In this hearing, the Senate approaches the subject of domestic weapons of mass destruction. They examine the line of present preparedness, and determine what needs to be done to raise that line to the appropriate level. This hearing was held in coordination with the work of the Commission on Weapons of Mass Destruction chaired by former CIA Director John Deutch to try to gain insights into what more needs happen, and how the organization should be structured when attempting to attack this very, very serious problem. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Kenneth W. Kizer, Margaret A. Hamburg, Henry L. Hinton, Jr., Arlen Specter, Ben Nighthorse Campbell, John D. Rockefeller, IV, Dianne Feinstein, related GAO reports, responses to questions submitted to Dr. Hamburg by Senator Specter, and Donald A. Hederson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• America's National Critical Infrastructure Assurance Plan: Can Compromise Win in an Uncompromising World?

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  "The United States' Constitution was generated with considerable difference of opinion as to how the U.S. government ought to be organized, and was the product of significant compromise. The Constitution established a federal government of separate institutions sharing powers--a system of checks and balances that throughout U.S. history, has fostered tension among these branches of government. Yet, in order to effect policy for U.S. national interests, this form of government has also required a mix of cooperation and compromise among the branches. The National Critical Infrastructure Assurance Plan is likewise the product of significant coordination and compromise among the branches of government, as well as numerous industry players and the American people. This paper is but one chapter in a larger effort to analyze the effectiveness of the U.S. government's policies on Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP). Using a practitioner's framework for decision making, I will describe the contextual elements, institutional equities, and spirit of compromise that led to Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63) and the National Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan."

  National Defense University

  Werner, Stephen J.

  2000
• Florida Keys Area Contigency Plan: Annex 2000, Unified Command

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  "Historically, the success or failure of an oil spill response effort is often determined as much by the organization in place as by the availability of personnel and clean up equipment. One of the purposes of this plan is to ensure that all appropriate agencies in the Florida Keys are aware of, and involved in, the local 'oil spill response organization.' In this plan, the local oil spill response organization will be divided into two categories, planning and response. Both will be in place prior to an oil spill event and will be periodically exercised and/or evaluated. In events sufficiently significant to involve agencies other than the Coast Guard, oil spill response in the Sector Key West area will be based on the Unified Command System (figure 1). The Incident Management Handbook lists numerous key positions that should be filled during a 'significant' response. To ensure the best possible response, it is essential that the most qualified individuals fill these positions. Who fills the positions depends on the particular incident; however, it is highly unlikely that they will all be from the Coast Guard or any other individual agency. It is highly possible that some of the key individuals may be employees of the responsible party. This is particularly true when cleanup by chemical means (e.g. use of dispersants) is being considered."

  United States. Coast Guard

  2000
• China Debates the Future Security Environment

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  "The Office of Net Assessment, Department of Defense, is attempting to understand the long-term consequences of the rise of China as a major world power. As part of that effort, it seeks to understand the views of the most important Chinese authors who have analyzed the future security environment. Some .Americans wrongly believe Chinese views reflect a mirror image of their own. This study suggests instead that the Chinese have their own unique perceptions, which may be difficult to appreciate. […]This study offers over 600 selected quotations from the writings of over 200 Chinese authors published from 1994 to 1999. Analysis and interpretation are kept to a minimum so that the Chinese may speak for themselves. Many Chinese scholars assisted with this study by providing hard-to-get books and articles unfamiliar to most Westerners. Half the authors were interviewed in China. They explained some of the viewpoints in recent debates about the future security, environment. Debates in China are generally concealed, and frequently authors pretend they do not exist. Conflicting views about the future nevertheless exist and merit attention if we are to understand the premises of China's national strategy and set a baseline from which to measure any future change in those premises."

  National Defense University Press

  Pillsbury, Michael

  2000
• International Narcotics Control Strategy Report - 1999 [Released March 1, 2000]

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  "The FAA requires a report on the extent to which each country or entity that received assistance under chapter 8 of Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act in the past two fiscal years has 'met the goals and objectives of the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances' (the '1988 UN Drug Convention'). Although the Convention does not contain a list of goals and objectives, it does set forth a number of obligations that the parties agree to undertake. Generally speaking, it requires the parties to take legal measures to outlaw and punish all forms of illicit drug production, trafficking, and drug money laundering, to control chemicals that can be used to process illicit drugs, and to cooperate in international efforts to these ends. The statute lists action by foreign countries on the following issues as relevant to evaluating performance under the 1988 UN Drug Convention: illicit cultivation, production, distribution, sale, transport and financing, and money laundering, asset seizure, extradition, mutual legal assistance, law enforcement and transit cooperation, precursor chemical control, and demand reduction.

  United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

  2000
• American Based Terrorism: What a Local Community Can Do to Prepare

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  "This paper will attempt to answer the following research questions in a fashion that will provide guidance and forethought to all that may be attempting to deal with this significant social drama. 1. What steps can a community as a whole take to evaluate its potential exposure and risk to an act of terrorism? 2. Who can a community expect to assist with mitigation activities should an act of terrorism occur within its jurisdictional confines? 3. What resources are available to assist a community to prepare for an act of terrorism? 4. How can a community develop a methodology for utilization and deployment of outside resources? 5. What is the relative importance of information flow to terrorism response and its effect on the disruption of essential government services? The research methodology used for this project was evaluative in nature and includes a literature review and a survey that was administered to 200 fire, rescue and Emergency Medical Service professionals from community based fire departments throughout the United States. The survey was designed to evaluate and sample communities and fire departments readiness to deal with potential terrorist acts. The survey included a series of questions developed to inquire about basic emergency management issues and more in-depth anti-terrorist activities and the organizations charged with supporting these endeavors. The main emphasis of the survey was to determine the respondents' general knowledge about their community and agencies general state of preparedness in relation to these destructive occurrences. All of these assessments were conducted within a six-month time period, necessary to complete this research project."

  National Fire Academy

  Siarnicki, Ronald J.

  2000-01
• Integration of the Army National Guard in Force Projection Operations A Concept for a New Millennium

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  In the summer of 1989, following the breakup of the Soviet Union and the ending of the Cold War, the Department of Defense announced plans to modify the structure and size of the armed forces based upon the changing security environment. Of particular interest to the Army was the appropriate balance and mix of combat, combat support (CS), and combat service support (CS S) units between the Regular Army and the Reserve Components. The "BottomUp-Review" identified a critical Total Army shortfall in the number of CS/CSS units necessary to enable the United States to successfully conduct military operations in two nearly simultaneous major theater wars, and determined that much of the National Guard's combat force structure was not necessary based on the contemporary security environment. Following Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, the National Guard began the Army National Guard Division Redesign Study (ADRS), to restructure its forces in order to make them more relevant to the needs of the Army, and the present global security situation. As a part of this initiative, the National Guard and the Regular Army created two integrated divisions by using Guard enhanced separate brigades as the subordinate ground maneuver units of two Regular Army division headquarters. The Guard also began the conversion of the ground maneuver brigades of two ofits eight combat divisions into combat support and combat service support units in an effort to reduce the critical shortfall identified in the "B oftomUp -Review. The remaining six National Guard divisions were teamed with Regular Army divisions in a mutually beneficial training, deployment, and operational support relationship. As a part of the emerging mission of homeland defense, the National Guard also began developing rapid assessment and initial detection teams in order to facilitate the consequence management of weapons of mass destruction incidents.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Taylor, James E.

  1999-12-15
• First Annual Report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction: I. Assessing the Threat

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  "Many government officials and concerned citizens believe that 'it is not a question of if, but when' an incident will occur that involves the use by a terrorist of a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapon--a so-called 'weapon of mass destruction' (WMD)--that is designed, intended, or has the capability to cause 'mass destruction' or 'mass casualties.' In recent years, some have depicted terrorist incidents as causing catastrophic loss of life and extensive structural and environmental damage as not only possible but probable. Such depictions do not accurately portray the full range of terrorist threats. While such a devastating event is within the realm of possibility, the first annual report to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (the 'Panel') delves into a broad range of issues, chronicles actual terrorist attacks, considers potential terrorist incidents, and attempts to answer the fundamental questions of 'Who?,' 'What?,' and 'Why?;' and accordingly begins to consider what must be done to prepare for the 'When.'"

  Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (U.S.)

  1999-12-15
• Cuba-U.S. Relations: Chronology of Key Events 1959-1999 [Updated December 14, 1999]

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  "This chronology outlines major events in U.S.-Cuban relations from Fidel Castro's rise to power in 1959 through 1999. The chronology provides more detailed information on events since 1994, including U.S. legislative action and congressional hearings and significant economic and political events in Cuba."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sullivan, John P., 1959-

  1999-12-14
• National Security Strategy for a New Century [December 1999]

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  "The United States remains the world's most powerful force for peace, prosperity and the universal values of democracy and freedom. Our nation's central challenge-and our responsibility-is to sustain that role by seizing the opportunities of this new global era for the benefit of our own people and people around the world. To do that, we are pursuing a forward-looking national security strategy for the new century. This report, submitted in accordance with Section 603 of the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Department Reorganization Act of 1986, sets forth that strategy. […] The United States must have the tools necessary to carry out this strategy. We have worked to preserve and enhance the readiness of our armed forces while pursuing long-term modernization and providing quality of life improvements for our men and women in uniform. To better meet readiness challenges, I proposed, and Congress passed, a fiscal year 2000 defense budget that increased military pay and retirement benefits, and significantly increased funding for readiness and modernization. I have also proposed a $112 billion increase across fiscal years 2000 to 2005 for readiness, modernization, and other high priority defense requirements. This is the first long-term sustained increase in defense spending in over a decade."

  United States. White House Office

  1999-12
• Changing Face of Transportation

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  The Changing Face of Transportation provides a historical perspective for policymaking. It reviews the major policy milestones of the past quarter century and the social and economic context for those milestones. Secretary Slater provides a logical foundation for making future policy choices and challenges the transportation enterprise to aspire toward higher marks of excellence, moving beyond what we think is possible and also thinking globally. Some future policy choices are apparent already and, as with the choices envisioned by former Secretaries of Transportation, undoubtedly many more will emerge as the future unfolds. Today, we can look forward with confidence knowing that our transportation system reflects the remarkable achievements of the Clinton-Gore Administration in striving to meet our nation's transportation needs. Under their leadership, virtually every law governing major transportation programs has been renewed, including the Trucking Industry Deregulation Act of 1994, the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century of 1998 (TEA-21), and the Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21). These Acts provided record-level infrastructure investments, increased funding flexibility, expanded the proven strategies of public participation in the planning process, and affirmed this Administration's top transportation priority of improving safety and creating opportunities for all Americans. The ramification of this extraordinary era will positively shape transportation in the coming decades. Chapter 7 specifically deals with transportation and national security.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2000
• United States Special Operations Forces: Posture Statement 2000

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  More recent history has caused the United States to maintain specialized forces capable of performing extremely difficult, complex, and politically sensitive missions on short notice, in peace and war, anywhere in the world. In 1987, Congress mandated the creation of the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) with the responsibility to prepare and maintain combat-ready special operations forces (SOF) to successfully conduct special operations, including civil affairs (CA) and psychological operations (PSYOP). The characteristics of SOF personnel are shaped by the requirements of their missions and include foreign language capabilities; regional orientation; specialized equipment, training, and tactics; flexible force structure; and an understanding of the political context of their mission. Today's SOF are the product of an evolutionary process. The lessons learned from past operations and events, as well as the requirements of current missions and operations, have brought about a unique force with distinctive characteristics, capabilities, and limitations.

  United States. Department of Defense

  2000
• Ruminations of a North Korean General Concerning the United States' National Military Strategy

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  This paper will support my firm belief that the United States National Military Strategy is misdirected and unfocused. More importantly, their strategy fails to adequately understand the motivation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea(DPRK) and increases the risk of conflict.

  National War College (U.S.)

  Hayden, Dave

  2000
• America's Coast Guard: Safeguarding U.S. Maritime Safety and Security in the 21st Century

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  The objective of this report is to help the Coast Guard, the Departments of Transportation and Defense, other executive departments and agencies, the Congress, the Service's "partners" and "share-holders" - in state and local governments, U.S. and foreign industry, foreign governments, and private organizations in the United States and overseas - and the American public think broadly about future national security dynamics and trends. Important issues have been addressed - how these dynamics and trends will affect America's maritime security and hence the Coast Guard's current and future roles, missions, functions, and requirements. It discusses an expansive concept of U.S. maritime security interests, focusing on current and future threats to America's interests in its territorial seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) as well as on the high seas. It provides an overview of the historical, strategic, policy, and operational contexts for the Coast Guard's maritime security roles, missions, functions, and tasks, and how the Service can most effectively and efficiently serve the United States in the 21st century. And it addresses the platforms and systems capabilities needed to satisfy current and future requirements. A key focus of this report is on the Coast Guard's "Deepwater" operating environment and enduring as well as emerging needs in this region. The Deepwater operational area has been defined by the Service as operations conducted 50 miles or more to sea, although clearly Deepwater assets protect U.S. maritime security in regions much closer to the shore. Many of the Coast Guard's Deepwater capital assets are approaching or are at the ends of their service lives in block obsolescence. To deal with the need to modernize and replace these assets, the Coast Guard's Integrated Deepwater Systems (IDS) Capabilities Replacement Project has mapped out an innovative approach and program-plan to address all roles, missions, and functions and the subsystems, systems, and platforms needed to carry out the Service's multiple mandates. Thus, another important objective of this paper is to inform U.S. and possible foreign industry partners about the full spectrum of Coast Guard Deepwater requirements, operations, and programs for the future.

  United States. Coast Guard

  Stubbs, Bruce B.; Truver, Scott C.

  2000
• Triangular Deterrence: A Formidable Rogue State Strategy

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  In an effort to counter the overwhelming U.S. predominance in conventional forces, rogue states such as Iraq and North Korea have adopted a strategy based upon the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD); that is, nuclear, chemical, or biological arms. Moreover, rogue states have refocused their efforts to deter U.S. action from direct confrontation with the United States to threatening U.S. allies or neutral parties in potential contingencies. This strategy might enable a rogue state to avoid direct engagement with the United States as well as to make the most effective use of a small WMD program. Robert Harkavy has labeled this concept triangular or indirect deterrence. This thesis analyzes triangular deterrence as a credible strategy that might be implemented by rogue states throughout the world. The thesis examines historical case studies as well as plausible hypothetical future scenarios, and bases its analysis on a broad body of deterrence theory. It concludes that triangular deterrence presents new challenges for U.S. defense policy and that partial solutions may reside in missile defenses and adjustments in declaratory policy.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Wesley, Kevin R.

  1999-12
• Defending America's Cyberspace: National Plan for Information: Systems Protection, Version 1.0: An Invitation to a Dialogue

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  The Federal Government and private sector cooperated during the millennial rollover event to provide a smooth transition into the Year 2000. The extensive preparations undertaken to avoid glitches and service disruptions to information systems paid off, and critical systems continued to operate without any major interruptions. That said, we must remember that we are in a very dynamic environment. The nature of cyberattacks and the needed preparations to protect information systems from future attacks are in constant flux. As new protective measures are developed and put into place, those who threaten us become more innovative. The Federal Government is currently assessing the Year 2000 experience to determine what aspects may have relevance for the future and for the continued protection against cyberattacks. This document is the first attempt by any nation to develop a plan to defend its cyberspace. The President in Presidential Decision Directive 63 (PDD-63) directed its development. Designating it as "Version 1.0" acknowledges that the Plan is in the early stages of development and remains a work in progress.

  United States. White House Office

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-868: Taliban: Engagement or Confrontation? Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 20, 2000

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  S. Hrg. 106-868: This hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations concerns the situtation with the Taliban in Afghanistan. The hearing focuses largely on the repression of womens' and childrens' rights by the Taliban. It also focuses on U.S. policy toward the Taliban and a two-prong strategy which includes: (1)firm pressure on the Taliban on the issues of greatest concern: terrorism, narcotics and human rights; (2)promotion of the greatest possible incolvement of Afghans in the search for peace in Afghanistan with negotiation toward a broad based inclusive government. Also addressed are concerns about Aghanistan's influence on critical U.S. interests in Central-South Asia and globally. In his testimony Hamid Kazai discussed the traditional politics , current state of affairs, and prospects for peace in Afghanistan. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Karl F. Inderfurth, Barbara Boxer, Hamid Karzai, Zieba Shorish-Shamley, Sam Brownback, and Peter Tomsen.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• Serial No. 106-44: Clemency for the FALN: A Flawed Decision? Hearing before the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, September 21, 1999

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  From the opening Statement of Chairman Dan Burton: "Today we are going to focus on the President's decision to offer clemency to members of a Puerto Rican terrorist group, the FALN. Our system is based on checks and balances. The Congress can pass legislation, but the President can veto it. The President is the Commander in Chief, but only Congress can declare war. But there is one area where the President's power is absolute: the power to grant clemency. There is nothing the Congress can do about it. There is nothing the courts can do about it. Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution states, He shall have the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States except in cases of impeachment.' Before the FALN terrorists, President Clinton had received more than 3,000 petitions for clemency and he had only granted 3 of them. Then on August 11th, the President offered clemency to 16 members of the FALN, a terrorist group seeking independence for Puerto Rico. Almost a month later, 14 of the 16 people accepted the President's offer and were released from prison. This whole issue has ignited a firestorm of controversy. The FALN was involved in 130 bombings, 5 people were killed, 84 were injured. What we want to know is why did the President make this decision? What is the public benefit? Who advised him on this issue? Was the FBI consulted? The Bureau of Prisons? That is why we are holding this hearing today." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Harry Barnes, Thomas Dipko, Michael B. Cooksey, Jon Jennings, Neil Gallagher, Diana Berger Ettenson, Thomas Connor, Richard Pastorella, Anthony Senft, Vito Fossella, Carlos A. Romero-Barcelo, Judy Biggert, Dan Burton, and Henry A. Waxman.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-339: Ballistic Missles: Threat and Response: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, April 15 and 20, May 4, 5, 13, 25, 26, and September 16, 1999

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  S. Hrg. 106-339: Hearing is devoted to missile defense and the Clinton administration's proposed amendments to the 1972 ABM Treaty. This is the first in a series of hearings of the Foreign Relations Committee devoted to the missile threat to the United States, the need for missile defense and the question of whether the Senate should agree to amendments to revive and expand the ABM Treaty. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: April 15, 1999: Jesse Helms, and Caspar Weinberger. April 20, 1999: James R. Lilley, James R. Schlesinger, William Schneider, Jr., and Robert D. Walpole (including Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States Through 2015: summation of annual report to Congress). May 4, 1999: Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Richard L. Garwin, William R. Graham, Jesse Helms, John Piotrowski, Richard C. Shelby, and David C. Wright. May 5, 1999: Joseph R. Biden, Eugene E. Habiger, Ronald F. Lehman (including remarks), Keith B. Payne, and R. James Woolsey. May 13, 1999: Stephen Hadley, Robert G. Joseph, William T. Lee, and David J. Smith. May 25, 1999: Douglas J. Feith (including supplementary remarks), Michael j. Glennon, David B. Rivkin, Jr., (including letter to Senator Helms and text of a letter from the President to the Chairmen of the Senate and House Committees on Appropriations, and a report to Congress on the Memorandum of Understanding relating to the treaty between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, May 26, 1972), and Robert F. Turner. May 26, 1999: Jesse Helms, and Henry A. Kissinger. September 16, 1999: Jesse Helms, and Robert D. Walpole. Part II of document available at: /homesec/docs/legis/SH106339-PT2.pdf

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• Serial No. 106-173: Global Terrorism: South Asia-The New Locus: Hearing before the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, July 12, 2000

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  Serial No. 106-173: This hearing will focus on the most recent shift in the patterns of international terrorism to South Asia. According to the 1999 Patterns of Global Terrorism report South Asia is the new locus of international terrorism, presenting both a regional threat and a growing threat to our nation. The hearing will examine what this new trend means for our nation. Recent press reports indicate that the Russian intelligence services believed that the Taliban in Afghanistan promised to help Chechen rebels with weapons, training, and possibly even with trained fighters from Taliban camps in Afghanistan. The Taliban vehemently denied those serious Russian charges. This issue is also closely examined. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael A. Sheehan, Alan W. Eastham, Jr., Benjamin A. Gilman, Peter T. King, Joseph R. Pitts, Jim Saxton, Gary L. Ackerman, Robert Wexler, U.S. Department of State On-the-Record Briefing Release from Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, and Michael Sheehan, and a newspaper editorial from the Washington Times by Ben Barber on "Afghanistan: Seat of Terrorism Shifts to South Asia," dated Tuesday, May 2, 2000.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-601: Training First Responders into the Next Century: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session on the Training of First Responders such as Police, Fire Fighters, Emergency Technicians, and other Professionals for the Challenges they Face, June 11, 1999

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  S. Hrg. 106-601: "This is a field hearing of our subcommittee, which is the Subcommittee on Youth Violence, but it also has oversight over the Office of Justice Programs, and that, of course, is the entity within the Department of Justice that will be running the center here. First responders have been estimated to number five million persons. These include police, fire, emergency technicians and other professionals. So I want to welcome today's panelists who hold key positions in our effort to train and prepare them for the challenges they will face." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Jeff Sessions, Robert Knouss, Gary McConnell, Michael A. Parker, Curtis H. Straub, and Darrell Higuchi.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• S. Hrg. 106-824: Liberation of Iraq: A Progress Report: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, June 28, 2000

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  S. HRG. 106-824: Testimony reviews U.S. policy toward Iraq, and in particular the Clinton-Gore administration's progress in implementing the Iraq Liberation Act. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Sam Brownback, Ahmand Chalabi, and Richard N. Perle.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000
• Flexibility of the Incident Command System to Respond to Domestic Terrorism

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  This thesis argues that the current Incident Command System (ICS) is inadequate for activating the National Guard Military Support Detachment - Rapid Assessment Initial Detection (RAID) Teams, which are vital for responding to domestic terrorism. The current ICS does not allow first responders to contact National Guard units directly during a WMD incident. First responders must send a request via their Emergency Operation Center (EOC), through the State Emergency Management Division (EMD), to the state Governor's office for approval. The Governor can then activate the National Guard to respond to the incident. This process is unnecessarily time-consuming. Serious jurisdictional issues and "turf wars" may emerge between first responders and RAID teams, at precisely the time when close coordination is most necessary. RAID teams should be recognized as operational units, and given the ability to initiate their response plan upon receipt of an alert from the local EOC. With the approval of the RAID team's higher headquarters they may then deploy. Appendix A provides a guide to suggested changes in existing regulations. This thesis also proposes changes in education and training that should help alleviate other problems associated with rapid response, including the risk of jurisdictional conflicts and "Good Samaritan" casualties.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Favero, Gerald T.

  1999-12
• Final Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Globalization and Security

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  Globalization-the integration of the political, economic and cultural activities of geographically and/or nationally separated peoples-is not a discernible event or challenge, is not new, but it is accelerating. More importantly, globalization is largely irresistible. Thus, globalization is not a policy option, but a fact to which policymakers must adapt. Globalization has accelerated as a result of many positive factors, the most notable of which include: the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War; the spread of capitalism and free trade; more rapid and global capital flows and more liberal financial markets; the liberalization of communications; international academic and scientific collaboration; and faster and more efficient forms of transportation. At the core of accelerated global integration-at once its principal cause and consequence-is the information revolution, which is knocking down once-formidable barriers of physical distance, blurring national boundaries and creating cross-border communities of all types.

  United States. Defense Science Board

  Hicks, Donald A.

  1999-12
• Asymmetric Warfare: The Only Thing New is the Tactics

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  "This paper will show that asymmetric warfare is not new. What is new is the fact that technology provides an adversary the ability to strike at the United States itself. We are no longer invulnerable to attack on our shores. A review of military theory will show that changing the character and conduct of warfare does not change its nature. It will show how concern over asymmetric tactics has been addressed from the National Security Strategy through joint doctrine, and it will address how our national and military strategy is countering these tactics as they are identified. It will also indicate areas where greater emphasis needs to be placed and identify areas where risk or threats may exist that may not have been addressed."

  National Defense University

  Daley, Dan

  2000
• Report of the Interagency Commission on Crime and Security in U.S. Seaports

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  "On April 27, 1999, President Clinton signed an Executive Memorandum directing the establishment of the Interagency Commission on Crime and Security in U.S. Seaports. Citing both the importance of seaports to the nation's commerce and the presence at seaports of crime and conspiracies associated with those crimes that 'pose threats to the people and critical infrastructures of seaport cities,' the President called for 'a comprehensive review of the nature and extent of seaport crime and the overall state of security in seaports, as well as the ways in which governments at all levels are responding to the problem.' The Executive Memorandum directed that the Commission's report include the following: An analysis of the nature and extent of serious crime and an assessment of the overall state of security in U.S. seaports; An overview of the specific missions and authorities of federal agencies with relevant responsibilities, together with a description in general terms of the typical roles played by state and local agencies as well as by the private sector; An assessment of the nature and effectiveness of the ongoing coordination among the federal, state, and local government agencies; And recommendations for improving the response of the federal, state, and local governments to the problem of seaport crime."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security

  2000