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• President Establishes Office of Homeland Security [October 8, 2001]

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  This press release summarizes the President's executive order (13228) establishing the Office of Homeland Security. Mission and management, national strategy, detection, preparedness, prevention, protection, incident management, continuity of government, public affair, legal authorities, and administration issues are all discussed.

  United States. Department of Homeland Security

  2001-10-08
• Executive Order Establishing Office of Homeland Security [October 8, 2001]

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  In this executive order, President Bush establishes the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council. He outlines the mission, functions, and administration of these organizations.

  United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary

  2001-10-08
• Bioterrorism: Coordination and Preparedness: Statement of Janet Heinrich Director, Health Care--Public Health Issues, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management, and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives

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  The U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO) has found that federal agencies are participating in research and preparedness activities, from improving the detection of biological agents to developing a national stockpile of pharmaceuticals to treat victims of disasters. Federal agencies coordinate these activities on a formal and informal basis; for example, interagency work groups facilitate the process. Despite the efforts, however, coordination between agencies remain fragmented. In addition, the GAO has found emerging concerns about the preparedness of state and local jurisdictions, including insufficient state and local planning for response to terrorist events, inadequate public health infrastructure, a lack of hospital participation in training on terrorism and emergency response planning, insufficient capabilities for treating mass casualties, and the timely availability of medical teams and resources in an emergency. This testimony summarizes the September 2001 report (GAO-01-915).

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-10-05
• Non-Nuclear Strategic Deterrence of State and Non-State Adversaries: Potential Approaches and Prospects for Success

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  "Growing doubts about the credibility of the use of nuclear-based threats against smaller states and non-state actors (NSAs) armed with weapons of mass destruction (WMD), especially biological and chemical weapons (BW/CW), have prompted concern among US policy makers and defense practitioners. US conventional-based threats do not suffer from the same credibility problem, but historically the deterrent effectiveness of such military force was open to question. The significant improvement in US conventional forces over the past decade raises the prospects for relying exclusively on non-nuclear weapons to deter at least some WMD-armed adversaries. This report examines potential approaches to non-nuclear strategic deterrence (NNSD) and their prospects for success against both state and non-state adversaries. The project team begins by laying out a basic deterrence framework and applying it to WMD-armed adversaries to identify key issues and requirements for NNSD. This framework takes into account significant contextual (regional, historical, and idiosyncratic) differences for deterrence. Next, the team explores NNSD options and identifies the most promising approaches. Then, the compatibility of NNSD approaches with existing US doctrine, force structure, and organization is addressed, followed by consideration of changes advantageous to NNSD. Finally, the report concludes with a general assessment of the prospects for NNSD and with priority recommendations to improve its potential." Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.

  DFI International

  2001-10
• Effect of Imports of Iron Ore and Semi-Finished Steel on the National Security

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  This report summarizes the findings of an investigation conducted by the Secretary of Commerce ("Secretary") pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 ("Section 232"), into the effects of imports of iron ore and semi-finished steel on the national security of the United States.

  United States. Bureau of Export Administration

  2001-10
• Today's Profits, Tomorrow's Losses: The Commercialization of the US Arms Export Reform and its Implications on National & Regional Security

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  This paper presents observations, analysis and findings of the FMS reinvention initiative(s). As such, it presents the results of an evaluation of the US effort at comprehensive arms export policy reform during the 1990s. That evaluation reveals a reform process dominated by the short term, commercial interests of the defense firms and the peculiar interests in acquisition of US state of the art weaponry of the foreign buyer country. This has come at the expense of the longer term security interests of both the US armed forces and the United States citizenry.

  United States Military Academy

  Wilson, Isaiah

  2001-10
• Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare

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  "World events have conspired to increase the threat of the use of chemical and biological weapons. The end of the Cold War brought on unemployed and disenchanted weapons specialists and scientists from the former Soviet Union, the rise of religious fundamentalism in southwest Asia, state-sponsored terrorism, and blurring of the lines between terrorism and traditional warfare. As the threat of biological and chemical terrorism continues to evolve and the number of states which have the capability to develop biological and chemical weapons programs grows, both military and nonmilitary emergency response personnel must be prepared to respond to attacks involving biological and chemical weapons. The value of the Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, for civilian and military personnel alike, is the textbook offers a collection of protocols and practices the military has developed on the battlefield for responding to casualties resulting from biological and chemical attacks."

  United States. Department of the Army. Office of the Surgeon General

  2001-09-30
• Setting Our Course in the Terror War: Symposium Report

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  "The Naval War College conducted a symposium, Setting Our Course In the Terror War, 29-31 October 2001. It featured a series of speakers and panels, including representatives from the Navy, Coast Guard, and Joint commands and civilian specialists. The keynote address, delivered by Admiral Vernon E. Clark, was titled Naval Missions in the New Strategic Environment. Panels addressed the following topics: Strategy over the Next Five Years: Threats and Missions; Navy Contributions to Homeland Defense; The Submarine Campaign; Long- Term Implications for the Navy of the Current Conflicts; Naval Offensive Counter-Terror Operations; and Naval Operational Concepts Beyond the Terror War. Key observations are summarized for the following topic areas: Continuing value of sea power; Need to balance roles, support U.S. Coast Guard; Maritime intercept operations (MIO); Logistics; Information operations (IO) and public diplomacy; Intelligence; International cooperation; Security; Continuing budget issues; Transformation; Acquisition process; and Deployments."

  Center for Naval Warfare Studies (U.S.) Decision Strategies Department

  Rempt, Rodney P.

  2001-10
• Bioterrorism: Federal Research and Preparedness Activities, Report to Congressional Committees

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  The following Federal departments and agencies have been identified as responders to the public health and medical consequences of a bioterrorist attack on the civilian population: the Departments of Agriculture (USDA), Commerce, Defense (DOD), Energy (DOE), Health and Human Services (HHS), Justice (DOJ), Transportation (DOT), the Treasury, and Veterans Affairs (VA); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Preparedness activities, for example, include (1) increasing federal, state, and local response capabilities; (2) developing response teams; (3) increasing the availability of medical treatments; (4) participating in and sponsoring exercises; (5) aiding victims; and (6) providing support at special events, such as presidential inaugurations and Olympic games. The coordination of federal terrorism research, preparedness, and response programs, however remain fragmented, which raises concern about the ability of states and localities to respond to a bioterrorist attack. In addition, issues include insufficient state and local planning and a lack of hospital participation in training on terrorism and emergency response planning.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-09-28
• Critical Infrastructure Protection: Significant Challenges in Safeguarding Government and Privately Controlled Systems from Computer-Based Attacks, Statement of Joel C. Willemssen, Managing Director, Information Technology Issues, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives

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  Federal agencies, and other public and private groups, rely extensively on computer systems and electronic data. The security of these systems and data is essential to avoiding disruptions in critical operations and preventing data tampering, fraud, and inappropriate disclosure of sensitive information. However, federal computer systems contain weaknesses that continue to put critical operations and assets at risk. In particular, deficiencies exist in entity-wide security programs that are critical to agencies' success in ensuring that risks are understood and effective controls are implemented. Many efforts have been undertaken to implement the nationally critical infrastructure protection strategy outlined in Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 63. However, progress in key areas has been limited. Although outreach efforts by many federal entities to establish cooperative relationships with and among private and other non-federal entities have raised awareness and prompted information sharing, efforts to perform substantive analyses of sector-wide and cross-sector inter-dependencies and related vulnerabilities have been limited. A major impediment to implementing the strategy outlined in PDD 63 is the lack of a national plan that clearly spells out the roles and responsibilities of federal and non-federal entities and defines interim objectives.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-09-26
• H. Rept. 107-219: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002, Report to accompany H.R. 2883, September 26, 2001

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  "The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 2883) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2002 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-09-26
• Strategies for Homeland Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Joseph R. Biden, Jr., Chairman

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  "The Committee on Foreign Relations has reprinted the executive summaries and key excerpts from some of the leading reports on emerging threats to U.S. national security."

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2001-09-26
• Homeland Security: A Framework for Addressing the Nation's Efforts, Statement of David M. Walker, Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony before the Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs

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  The United States now faces increasingly diverse threats that put great destructive power into the hands of small states, groups, and individuals. These threats range from cyber attacks on critical infrastructure to terrorist incidents involving weapons of mass destruction or infectious diseases. Efforts to combat this threat will involve federal agencies as well as state and local governments, the private sector, and private citizens. GAO believes that the federal government must address three fundamental needs. First, the government needs clearly defined and effective leadership with a clear vision carry out and implement a homeland security strategy and the ability to marshal the necessary resources to get the job done. Second, a national homeland security strategy should be based on a comprehensive assessment of national threats and risks. Third, the many organizations that will be involved in homeland security must have clearly articulated roles, responsibilities, and accountability mechanisms. Any strategy for homeland security must reduce risk where possible, assess the nation's vulnerabilities, and identify the critical infrastructure most in need of protection. To be comprehensive, the strategy should include steps to use intelligence assets or other means to identify attackers and prevent attacks before they occur, harden potential targets to minimize the damage from an attack, and effectively manage the consequences of an incident.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-09-21
• Combating Terrorism: Selected Challenges and Related Recommendations, Report to Congressional Committees

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  As concerns about terrorism have grown, Executive Branch responsibilities and authorities have received greater attention, which led to the 1998 appointment of a national coordinator in the National Security Council. The President recently requested that the Vice President oversee a coordinated national effort to improve national preparedness, including efforts to combat terrorism. Federal efforts to develop a national strategy to combat terrorism and related guidance have progressed, but key efforts remain incomplete. The first step toward developing a national strategy is to conduct a national threat and risk assessment. The Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation have collaborated on such an assessment, but they have not formally coordinated with other departments and agencies on this task. Under current policy, the federal government also has improved its capabilities to respond to a domestic terrorist incident. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Federal Emergency Management Agency are tasked with leading federal efforts in their respective roles for managing a terrorist crisis and the consequences of an incident. Federal assistance to state and local governments to prepare for terrorist incidents has resulted in training for thousands of first responders--those state and local officials who would first respond at the scene of an incident. To protect computer systems and the critical operations and infrastructures they support, various efforts have been undertaken to implement a national strategy outlined in Presidential Decision Directive 63. Specifically, federal agencies have taken initial steps to develop critical infrastructure protection plans, but independent audits continue to identify persistent, significant information security weaknesses that place federal operations at high risk of tampering and disruption.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-09-20
• S. Hrg. 107-480: Airline Security: Joint Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations United States Senate and the House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress First Session, Special Hearing September 20, 2001

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  September 20, 2001, the Senate Subcommittee on Transportation of the Committee on Appropriations convenes to discuss and hear testimony regarding Airline Security. This is a joint hearing held with the Subcommittee on Transportation of the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. This joint hearing takes place 9 days after September 11th, 2001, and is held in response to the attacks of that day. Senator Patty Murry opens, saying that "because the attacks were launched from our Nation's own transportation system, today we have brought together the Transportation Subcommittees of the House and the Senate for the first joint hearing in recent memory." He adds that "the terrorist attacks have revealed gaping holes in our transportation system and in our intelligence-gathering system" and that "I am vigorously supporting efforts to help the ailing aviation industry and its workers." Congressman Harold Rogers submits that "Since this was an attack using our own transportation system, it is urgent that our particular subcommittees focus on immediate preparedness. This must include a review of current security programs and their effectiveness as a starting point for a coordinated plan of improvements."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-09-20
• Terrorism, the Future and U.S. Foreign Policy [Updated September 19, 2001]

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  "International terrorism has long been recognized as a foreign and domestic security threat. The tragic events of September 11th in New York, Washington, and Pennsylvania have dramatically re-energized the nation's focus and resolve on terrorism. This issue brief examines international terrorist actions and threats and the U.S. policy response. Available policy options range from diplomacy, international cooperation and constructive engagement to economic sanctions, covert action, physical security enhancement and military force."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Perl, Raphael

  2001-09-19
• Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2001 [September 10, 2001]

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  Signs continue to point to a decline in state sponsorship of terrorism, as well as a rise in the scope of threat posed by the independent network of exiled Saudi dissident Usama bin Ladin. Although Iran continues to actively sponsor terrorist groups, since 1997 some major factions within Iran have sought to change Iran's image to that of a more constructive force in the region. Usama bin Ladin's network, which is independently financed and enjoys safe haven in Afghanistan, poses an increasingly significant threat to U.S. interests in the Near East and perhaps elsewhere. The primary goals of bin Ladin and his cohort are to oust pro-U.S. regimes in the Middle East and gain removal of U.S. troops from the region. U.S. allegations of past plotting by the bin Ladin network suggest that the network wants to strike within the United States itself. The Arab-Israeli peace process is a longstanding major U.S. foreign policy interest, and the Administration and Congress are concerned about any terrorist groups or state sponsors that oppose the Arab-Israeli peace process. There is no consensus on the strategies for countering terrorism in the Near East. The United States, in many cases, differs with its allies on how to deal with state sponsors of terrorism; most allied governments believe that engaging these countries diplomatically might sometimes be more effective than trying to isolate or punish them. The United States is more inclined than its European allies to employ sanctions, military action, and legal pressure to compel state sponsors and groups to abandon terrorism.

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Katzman, Kenneth

  2001-09-10
• Strategic Personality and the Effectiveness of Nuclear Deterrence: Deterring Iraq and Iran

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  The likelihood of some future rogue state launching an ICBM in what would certainly be a suicidal act of vengeance or retaliation against the United States is, if not altogether impossible, then at least vanishingly small. The real reason the United States must keep nonproliferation and nuclear deterrence at the very center of its national security strategy is the imperative to defend its oldest and most cherished Ultimate Concern: maintaining the global strategic, economic, and diplomatic freedom of action that enables the US to continue to implement and expand its national vision of personal, political, and economic liberty. If any state, anywhere, is allowed to achieve its strategic objectives through either the employment of nuclear weapons or through nuclear blackmail, then the ability of the US to pursue its global economic and political as well as strategic interests will be impaired to a degree that will prove devastating to its Ultimate Concerns and, hence, unacceptable. The challenges of long-term threat reduction in the Persian Gulf region point to a larger challenge for US strategy. The widespread acceptance of US strategic hegemony that characterized the 1990s is gradually eroding. Unless the United States is willing to accept the burden of a constant cycle of regional crisis, strategy in the post-Kosovo era will have to find ways to advance US Ultimate Concerns in ways that are more responsive or, at the very least, less provocative to the Ultimate Concerns of the less-than-major powers -even the ones it finds distasteful in terms of its vision and values. The only alternative is the establishment of an Imperial US that even our allies are likely to resist, that will constitute a major long-term drain on national blood and treasure, and for which little US domestic political will exists. This paper explores nuclear deterrence and threat reduction in reference to Iran and Iraq, concluding with recommendations and concerns. Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.

  Institute for Defense Analyses

  Ziemke, Caroline F.

  2001-09
• Chemical and Biological Medical Treatment Symposium - Industry II World Congress on Chemical and Biological Terrorism

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  "This book contains the Proceeding of the seventh meeting in the Chemical and Biological Medical Treatment Symposium series, CB [Chemical and Biological] MTS- [Medical Treatment Symposium] Industry II that was held in Dubrovnik, Croatia from 21-27 April 2001. The papers contained herein were presented in five sectors and seventeen sessions."

  United States. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command

  Price, Barbara B. S., 1945-; Bokan, Slavko; Oreliovec, Zvonko

  2001-09
• United States Attorneys' Bulletin: Forensic Evidence, Volume 49 Number 5, September 2001

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  This edition of the United States Attorneys' Bulletin covers forensic evidence. The following articles are included: "Trace Evidence - Hairs/Fibers - Crime Scene"; "Another Powerful Forensic Genetic Tool: Mitochondrial DNA Typing"; "Forensic Examination in Major Bombing Cases"; "Gunshot Residue Evidence"; "A Polygraph Primer for Prosecutors"; "Codes and Cyphers."

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  2001-09
• Joint Force Quarterly: Spring/Summer 2001, Issue 28 [September 2001]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University Press

  2001-09
• Interagency Management of Complex Contingency Operations: the Impact of Presidential Decision Directive 56

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  The central question of this thesis is: What was the impact of Presidential Decision Directive 56? The U.S. government recognized the need for a more systemized method for managing the interagency response to complex contingency operations, after their experiences in Somalia, Haiti, and Bosnia. In 1997, President Clinton signed PDD 56: The Clinton Administration's Policy on Managing Complex Contingency Operations. To determine the impact of this directive, this thesis uses a pre-PDD 56 and post-PDD 56 case study comparison methodology treating PDD 56 as the intervention. U.S. participation in Bosnia from 1995 until 1996 is the pre-PDD 56 case study, and U.S. participation in Kosovo from 1998 until 1999 is the post-PDD 56 case study. The Bosnia and Kosovo case studies are compared using six variables (type, depth, and timing of planning, decision process, funding, and monitoring and modification). Subsequent improvements to PDD 56 illustrate the positive impact that PDD 56 has had on improving U.S. government civil-military unity of effort in complex contingency operations.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Poole, Michele A.

  2001-09
• Role of the Treasury Department in the Counterterrorism Effort

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  This document outlines how the U.S. Dept. of the Treasury plays a key role in protecting America's borders, senior leaders, and critical information infrastructure. "Combating terrorism engages virtually every part of the Department of the Treasury. Our front line is our law enforcement bureaus and offices -- the U.S. Customs Service, U.S. Secret Service, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, and the Office of Foreign Assets Control. We work closely with international, federal, and state partners to prevent, investigate, and prosecute those who would bring terrorism to America's homeland. We rely on a wide range of tools and talents: from traditional detective skills to the latest computer technology; from economic sanctions to training programs for state, local, and international partners. We are proud to be key players on America's counterterrorism team."

  United States. Department of the Treasury. Office of the Secretary

  O'Neill, Paul H. (Paul Henry), 1935-

  2001-09
• International Crime Control: Sustained Executive-Level Coordination of Federal Response Needed, Report to the Honorable Ben Nighthorse Campbell, U.S. Senate

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  International crimes, such as drugs and arms trafficking, terrorism, money laundering, and public corruption, transcend national borders and threaten global security and stability. The National Security Council (NSC) told GAO that international crime and the framework for the U.S. response are under review by the new administration. The extent of International crime is growing, but measuring its true extent is difficult. Several efforts have been made to gauge the threat posed to the United States and other countries by international crime. The 1999 threat assessment was classified, but a published version of the 2000 assessment divided the threat into the following five broad categories: (1) terrorism and drug trafficking; (2) illegal immigration, trafficking of women and children, and environmental crimes; (3) illicit transfer or trafficking of products across international borders; (4) economic trade crimes; and (5) financial crimes. NSC identified 34 federal entities with significant roles in fighting international crime. These included the Department of Justice, Treasury, and State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. The efforts to combat public corruption internationally involves two strategies: the elimination of bribes in transnational business activities, such as government contracting, and the implementation of law assistance, which focuses on U.S. support for legal, judicial, and law enforcement reform efforts by foreign governments. Much of the technical assistance that the U.S. provides to other nations for fighting international crime involves training, particularly training at law enforcement academies established abroad. There are no standard measures of effectiveness to assess the federal government's overall efforts to address international crime. Justice's, Treasury's, and State's plans describe their efforts to combat specific types of crime, along with the performance measures to be tracked. In some cases, however, these measures do not adequately address effectiveness.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2001-08-13
• China-U.S. Nuclear Relations: What Relationship Best Serves U.S. Interests?

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  This paper on China-U.S. nuclear relations has been prepared to help put China more adequately into America's nuclear picture. We will need to understand China's nuclear modernization effort to inform choices on ballistic missile defense, nuclear reductions, and arms control that will promote the desired stability and security. We need to understand the potential for U.S.-China confrontation over Taiwan, under a nuclear shadow, to define the requirements of the deterrence posture. We need also a better notion of how China fits into the global nuclear equation to craft and implement strategies to reduce short-term nuclear threats and long-term risks. The author undertakes a comprehensive review of the challenges in the China- U.S. nuclear relationship. The purpose is to help with the process of defining American interests in the bilateral nuclear relationship and of identifying strategy choices that help secure those interests. Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.

  Institute for Defense Analyses

  Roberts, Brad

  2001-08
• East Asia's Nuclear Future: A Long-Term View of Threat Reduction

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  The Bush administration has committed itself to the effort to construct a new framework for stability and security suitable to the new, post-Cold War environment, a framework that will encompass to the maximum extent possible cooperation with others. How might a view of the East Asian security environment, and especially the view of U.S. friends and allies there, inform the effort to deploy ballistic missile defenses, pursue nuclear reductions, and adjust arms control strategies? How might a view of the challenges of long-term nuclear threat reduction in the region inform U.S. policy development? This paper begins with a survey of the debate about the requirements of security and stability in East Asia after the Cold War. It identifies four different camps, each with its own definition of stability, as: a balance of power, principally between China and the United States; continued progress toward a regional security order based on cooperative or common security principles; the absence of significant defections from existing strategic alignments; preservation of the nuclear status quo. For analytical purposes, this study defines East Asian strategic stability as a balance that permits changing relations of power among states in the region without war; reassures states that significant departures from the status quo are unlikely, or at least predictable, and can be managed so that they are not disruptive or particularly threatening; enables progress toward more cooperative approaches to security; and reassures states in the region that they need not more aggressively hedge against unanticipated strategic developments. The study also discovered among American experts a lack of consensus about the relationship between stability and security in the region. The conventional wisdom holds that stability and security are common gods and that, from an American perspective, a more stable Asia makes America more secure. But that perspective is not shared by all. Note: This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.

  Institute for Defense Analyses

  Roberts, Brad

  2001-08
• Jihadi Groups, Nuclear Pakistan, and the New Great Game

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  For the United States and other nations concerned with security in South and Central Asia, one of the most ominous trends has been the growing influence of Jihadist groups in Pakistan which feel obligated to wage holy war against everything that they perceive as non-Islamic. Their objective would be a Pakistani government similar to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The danger this would pose to regional stability and U.S. interests is clear. The author assesses Jihadi groups from the framework of a new "Great Game" for influence in Central Asia involving an array of states. He argues that, if this competition leads to increased violence, outside states including the United States could be drawn in. On the other hand, if the region stabilizes, it could provide solid economic and political partners for the United States. A well-designed American strategy, Ahrari contends, might help avoid crises or catastrophe.

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Ahrari, Mohammed E.

  2001-08
• S. Hrg. 107-147: S. 803--E-Government Act of 2001: Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs United States Senate One Hundred Seventh Congress First Session, July 11, 2001

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  S. Hrg. 107-148: The purpose of this hearing is to discuss S. 803, the E-Government Act of 2001. The purpose of S. 803 is stated as: "To enhance the management and promotion of electronic government services and processes by establishing a government services and processes by establishing a Federal Chief Information Officer within the office of management and budget, and by establishing a broad framework of measures that require using Internet-based information technology to enhance citizen access to government information and services..." In his opening statement, Senator Lieberman explained that the goal of this legislation is to "use information technology to bring about a revolution in current bureaucratic structures so that we can engage the public, restore its trust, and ultimately increase participation in the democratic process." Statements, witnesses and submissions: Joseph Lieberman, Fred Thompson, Thomas Carper, Ted Stevens, Robert Bennet, George Voinovich, Jean Carnahan, Max Cleland, Conrad Burns, Sean O'Keefe, Anne Altman, Costis Toregas, Aldona Valicenti, Greg Woods, Sharon Hogan, Barry Ingram, Patricia McGinnis, Joseph Wright, Booby Harnage, Attilla Pavlath, Marc Strassman, Robert Carlitz, Barbara Brandon, Beverly Sheppard, John Weiler, Patrice McDermott, David McClure, and Martha Gould.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001-07-11
• Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program Annual Report to Congress and Performance Plan, July 2001

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  This report is intended to assess: the overall readiness of the Armed Forces to fight in a chemical-biological warfare environment and shall describe steps taken and planned to be taken to improve such readiness; and requirements for the chemical and biological warfare defense program, including requirements for training, detection, and protective equipment, for medical prophylaxis, and for treatment of casualties resulting from use of chemical and biological weapons.

  United States. Department of Defense; Chemical and Biological Defense Program (U.S.)

  2001-07
• Policing on American Indian Reservations [July 2001]

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  "This study had two principal goals. The first was to take a broad look at policing in Indian Country in order to better understand the many arrangements for administering reservation police departments, develop an initial assessment of the challenges facing Indian policing, and identify policing strategies and approaches that might be successful in responding to the growing crime problem in Indian Country. The second was to evaluate the prospects for community policing in Indian Country. Could this strategy, which grew out of the experience of police departments in urban settings, be usefully applied to the strikingly different cultural, geographic, and demographic features typical of Indian reservations? This study is a first effort to characterize the variety of arrangements for reservation policing combined with a more comprehensive effort to better understand the operations of a limited set of representative departments and their tribal contexts."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  Begay, Manley A.; Michaelson, Susan; Jorgensen, Miriam . . .

  2001-07