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Depot Maintenance: DOD Should Improve Pandemic Plans and Publish Working Capital Fund Policy, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Pandemics such as COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] can impact the productivity of critical DOD depots that maintain weapon systems if essential personnel are unable to report for work. Navy and Air Force WCFs [Working Capital Funds] must also maintain cash balances sufficient for the activities they support, including the eight depots operated by the Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, to sustain readiness. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to assess the effects of COVID-19 on WCF and depot operations as part of its CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act oversight. This report (1) describes how COVID-19 impacted Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force depot productivity; (2) examines the extent to which depot actions in response to COVID-19 addressed key practices to support the workforce, continue operations, and improve crisis response; and (3) examines the extent to which WCF cash management policy ensured financial solvency and reflected current guidance. GAO reviewed DOD guidance, depot revenue data for fiscal year 2020, and documents related to the impact of COVID-19 on productivity and WCF solvency; and interviewed depot and financial management officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-04
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Escape from the Delta: Preparation and Evacuation for Catastrophic Flooding in California Emergency Management Agency Region IV
"We model the regional highway system of Central California and consider the challenge of evacuating a highly populated region from the threat of catastrophic flood. Specifically, we build a minimum cost network flow problem to represent the movement of more than one million people within Yolo, Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Stanislaus Counties. Our model solves for 'best case' evacuation routes and clearing times assuming perfect knowledge of flood inundation and road conditions. Our model is large but efficient, solving 35 separate scenarios in less than 45 minutes. We develop two basic evacuation scenarios, each having many variations, resulting in 490 total scenarios. For these, we analyze model assumptions and the effect of interruptions to evacuation behavior for a range of 'what-if' situations."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Yuhas, Timothy C.
2011-03
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Geometric Morphometric Tools for the Classification of Human Skulls
"The proposed project developed population-specific classification criteria and associated software to assist forensic scientists in the characterization of human skulls. Such tools would be an important component both in criminal investigations and in general preparedness for mass fatality incidents. These tools were incorporated into the new and powerful methods of geometric morphometrics that address significant shortcomings in traditional approaches to biological shape analysis, which are not yet widely used in forensic identification. The project objectives are three-fold: 1. To compile an extensible population database derived from three-dimensional landmark coordinate data of human cranial material that will aid in future victim identifications; 2. Develop and validate population-specific procedures for the classification of unknown individuals; 3. Develop cross-platform software for the use in forensic applications of human identification."
United States. Department of Justice
Ross, Ann H.; Slice, Dennis E.; Williams, Shannon
2010-07
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Internal Controls: SEC Should Consider Requiring Companies to Disclose Whether They Obtained an Auditor Attestation, Report to Congressional Committees
"Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires a public company to have its independent auditor attest to and report on management's internal control over financial reporting; this is known as the auditor attestation requirement. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act exempted companies with less than $75 million in public float from the auditor attestation requirement. The act mandated that GAO [Government Accountability Office] examine the impact of the permanent exemption on the quality of financial reporting by small public companies and on investors. This report discusses (1) how the number of financial statement restatements compares between exempt and nonexempt companies (i.e., those with $75 million or more in public float), (2) the costs and benefits of complying with the attestation requirement, and (3) what is known about the extent to which investor confidence is affected by compliance with the auditor attestation requirement. GAO analyzed financial restatements and audit fees data; surveyed 746 public companies with a response rate of 25 percent; interviewed regulatory officials and others; and reviewed laws, surveys, and studies. […] GAO recommends that SEC [Securities and Exchange Commission] consider requiring public companies, where applicable, to explicitly disclose whether they obtained an auditor attestation of their internal controls. SEC responded that investors could determine attestation status from available information. But without clear disclosure, investors may misinterpret a company's status; therefore, this warrants SEC's further consideration."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2013-07
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South Napa Earthquake Recovery Advisory: Earthquake Strengthening of Cripple Walls in Wood-Frame Dwellings, Second Edition
From the Purpose: "The August 24, 2014 South Napa earthquake (FEMA DR‐4193) has reinforced past observations that wood‐ frame dwellings with flexible wood foundation walls (known as cripple walls) and inadequate anchorage (bolting) to the foundation are vulnerable to damage from earthquake shaking. [...] This Recovery Advisory Addresses: [1] Installation of pre‐engineered plywood bracing and foundation anchorage details intended to improve the performance of cripple walls in wood‐frame dwellings in future earthquakes. [2] Information on how and when to use the FEMA Plan Set, and when to engage the services of a design professional."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (U.S.)
2019-09
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Arizona Influenza Pandemic Response Plan Supplement 5: Clinical Guidelines
This supplement focuses on the initial screening, assessment, and management of patients who present from the community with fever and/or respiratory symptoms during the Interpandemic, Pandemic Alert, and Pandemic Periods.
Arizona. Department of Health Services
2006-06-07?
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International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management
From the Abstract: "The International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features [NNBF] for Flood Risk Management emphasize the role of nature-based solutions and natural infrastructure (e.g., beaches, dunes, islands, marshes) as an alternative to conventional hardened infrastructure for flood and coastal storm risk reduction and represents the state of the science on conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, implementing and maintaining NNBF. The Guidelines will equip decision-makers, project planners, and practitioners with strategies that reduce flood risks to communities and improve infrastructure resilience. The document is organized so readers can begin where their interests lie. The chapters were developed in a collaborative environment where there was communication and engagement across chapter teams. Each chapter begins with a list of its key, high-level messages, includes references to other chapters, and uses icons and case studies to draw attention to key topics covered elsewhere in the Guidelines."
Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)
Bridges, Todd S.; King, Jeff; Simm, Jonathan . . .
2021
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Final Technical Report: Evaluation of Fallout Contamination of Water Supplies
"A theoretical evaluation was conducted to determine the potential degree of water contamination from fallout and to assess the biological hazards associated with the ingestion of water following hypothetical nuclear attack. The appraisal was carried out by applying the assigned fallout model to various levels of nuclear war and by quantitative correlation of all phases of the flow of radioactive fallout in public water supplies. The water supply systems of three cities were selected for the evaluation of water contamination to study the potential hazards and radiobiological effects from the ingestion of fallout contaminated water."
United States. Office of Civil Defense
Grune, Werner N.; Hamel, Gerard J.; Atlas, Henry S.
1965
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Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Contamination Avoidance
"This multiservice operations publication provides tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) for conducting chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) avoidance. This document presents comprehensive TTP for passive and active avoidance measures. Users of this manual will be CBRN staff officers, CBRN noncommissioned officers (NCOs), non-CBRN personnel performing collateral duties as an additional duty CBRN officer or NCO, commanders and staff at the tactical through strategic levels, and civilian agencies. The purpose of this publication is to provide commanders, staffs, key agencies, and service members with a key reference for planning and conducting CBRN avoidance. It provides the tools for CBRN defense personnel to implement active and passive CBRN avoidance measures and supports the decision-making process. It also serves as a key source document for refining existing training support packages, training center exercises, and service school curricula."
United States. Joint Forces Command
2006-02
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Department of Homeland Security 'U.S. Customs and Border Protection' Budget Overview (Fiscal Year 2019 Congressional Justification)
From the Document: "U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for securing America's borders to protect the United States against terrorist threats and prevent the illegal entry of inadmissible persons and contraband, while facilitating lawful travel, trade, and immigration. Along over 5,000 miles of border with Canada; 1,900 miles of border with Mexico; and approximately 95,000 miles of shoreline, CBP is responsible for preventing the illegal movement of people and contraband. The FY 2019 President's Budget provides $16.7B in total budget authority to support CBP's mission. This represents an increase of $362.9M over the FY 2018 President's Budget."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Dealing with Workplace Violence: A Guide for Agency Planners
"Preventing workplace violence is a growing concern in the United States. Public interest and media attention have focused primarily on dramatic but very rare types of violence such as shootings by disgruntled employees in office buildings. Planners of workplace violence programs face the dual challenge of reducing employees' anxiety about very rare risk factors while focusing their attention on more likely sources of danger. Undue anxiety about the 'office gunman' can stand in the way of identifying more significant, but less dramatic, risk factors such as poorly lighted parking lots or gaps in employee training programs. This anxiety can also make it more difficult to cope with one of the most common workplace violence problems-the employee whose language or behavior frightens coworkers. Federal employees in organizations such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have played a leading role in helping employers recognize and respond appropriately to the actual risks of workplace violence faced by their employees. […] In the spirit of reinventing government, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management organized the Interagency Working Group on Violence in the Workplace. The purpose was to bring together a multi-disciplinary group of experienced professionals from throughout the Federal Government in order to develop comprehensive approaches to analyzing and responding to threats or incidents of violence in the Federal workplace. This document is a product of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and the Interagency Working Group."
United States. Office of Personnel Management
1998-02
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Directed Energy Missile Defense in Space
This background paper describes and assesses current concepts for directed-energy ballistic missile defense in space. Its purpose is to provide members of Congress, their staffs, and the public with a readable introduction to the so-called "Star Wars" technologies that some suggest might form the basis of a future nationwide defense against Soviet nuclear ballistic missiles. Since these technologies are a relatively new focus for U.S. missile defense efforts, little information about them has been readily available outside the expert community.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1984-04
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Command Inspection of Naval Postgraduate School
"Per references (a) and (b), the Naval Inspector General (NAVINSGEN) conducted a Command Inspection of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) from 4 to 22 June 2012. The mission of NPS is to prepare students to lead transformation and leverage and manage change in tomorrow's complex and technically challenging world. […] The primary goal of the inspection was to provide Navy leadership with a complete and accurate picture of the operations at NPS. The end result did accomplish our goal; however, our findings are not favorable to NPS and impact just about all NPS activities. […] The overarching problem, as our report demonstrates, is that NPS chooses not to follow governing Navy rules, regulations and laws in the conduct of the majority of its programs, because it will not reconcile its academic philosophies and ideals with the governing standards."
Naval Inspector General
2012-10-22
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Collective Intelligence in Emergency Management: Social Media's Emerging Role in the Emergency Operations Center
"The problem was that the Novato Fire District did not utilize social media technology to gather or share intelligence during Emergency Operations Center activations. The purpose of this applied research project was to recommend a social media usage program for the Novato Fire District's Emergency Operations Center. Descriptive methodology, literature review, two personal communications and a statistical sampling of fire agencies utilizing facebook supported the research questions. The research questions included: 1) What were collective intelligence and social media? 2) How was social media used by individuals and organizations during events and disasters? 3)How many fire agencies maintained a facebook page and used them to distribute emergency information? and 4) Which emergency management social media programs should be recommended for the Novato Fire District's Emergency Operations Center? The procedures included two data collection experiments, one a statistical sampling of United States fire agencies using facebook, to support the literature review and research questions. This research is one of the first Executive Fire Officer Applied Research Projects that addressed this emerging subject. The results found the public has a sociological need to gather and share information, a desire to help after a disaster, increased public accessibility to social media technology and an expectation that government agencies provide information. The results also found few fire agencies maintained a facebook presence and even fewer distributed post-disaster information. These results supported the recommendation to adopt a social media program for the Novato Fire District's Emergency Operations Center."
National Fire Academy
Nickel, Eric D.
2010-12
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Investigation Report: Xcel Energy Hydroelectric Plant Penstock Fire (Five Dead, Three Injured)
"On October 2, 2007, a chemical fire inside a permit-required confined space at Xcel Energy's hydroelectric plant in a remote mountain location 45 miles (72 kilometers) west of Denver, Colorado, killed five and injured three workers. Industrial painting contractors were in the initial stages of recoating the 1,530-foot (466-meter) steel portion of a 4,300-foot (1,311-meter) enclosed penstock tunnel with an epoxy coating product when a flash fire occurred. Flammable solvent being used to clean the epoxy application equipment in the open penstock atmosphere ignited, likely from a static spark. The initial fire quickly grew as it ignited additional buckets of solvent and substantial amounts of combustible epoxy material, trapping and preventing five of the 11 workers from exiting the single point of egress within the penstock. Fourteen community emergency response teams responded to the incident. The five trapped workers communicated using handheld radios with co-workers and emergency responders for approximately 45 minutes before succumbing to smoke inhalation."
United States. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
2010-08-25
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FDA User Fee Agreements: Improving Medical Product Regulation and Innovation for Patients, Part I, Hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, March 21, 2017
This is the March 21, 2017 hearing titled "FDA [U.S Food and Drug Administration] User Fee Agreements: Improving Medical Product Regulation and Innovation for Patients, Part I" before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. From the opening statement of Lamar Alexander: "The subject today is the Food and Drug Administration's Medical Device and Drug User Fees. It seems like a long time ago--but it really was not very long ago--that Congress passed the 21st Century Cures Act. Ninety-four Senators voted for it. President Obama and Vice President Biden were strongly in support of it, so was Speaker Ryan. Mitch McConnell called it the most important piece of legislation in the last Congress. [...] That bill was about moving medical products, drugs, and devices more rapidly in a safe way through the investment and the regulatory process, and into the hands of patients and doctors' offices. [...] We will hear from patients, device manufacturers, and brand and generic drug manufacturers in a second hearing, which is tentatively scheduled for April 4." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Janet Woodcock, Peter Marks, and Jeffrey E. Shuren.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Licensing and Relicensing Process for Nuclear Plants, Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Second Session, July 16, 2008
This is the July 16, 2008 hearing, "Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Licensing and Relicensing Process for Nuclear Plants" before the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety. From the opening statement of James M. Inhofe: "The lack of clear schedules and resolution of key issues will compound the growing pains that the Commission and the industry must wrestle with as we end our 30-year construction hiatus. These are complications we simply can't afford. The Commission's review of licenses for new nuclear plants must be as efficient as possible without compromising safety. Keeping the lights on is fundamental to our nation's energy security, and the NRC will undoubtedly play a critical role." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James M. Inhofe, Dale E. Klein, Gregory B. Jaczko, Peter B. Lyons, Kristine L. Svinicki, Herbert T. Bell, David A. Christian, Anthony R. Pietrangelo, Richard Webster, Joseph Romm, and H. John Gilbertson, Jr.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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Alternate Route Handbook
"This report describes and defines what alternate route traffic routes are and how traffic and highway agencies can implement them. The need for, planning, and execution of alternate routes with stakeholder agencies is addressed. Highway and traffic agencies, public safety agencies, and State, county and local municipalities are the target audience."
United States. Federal Highway Administration
Dunn Engineering Associates
2006-05
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Design Guide for Improving Hospital Safety in Earthquakes, Floods, and High Winds: Providing Protection to People and Buildings (Part 2)
The intent of the Design Guide is to provide its audience with state-of-the-art knowledge on the variety of vulnerabilities faced by hospitals exposed to earthquakes, flooding, and high-winds risks, as well as the best ways to mitigate the risk of damage and disruption of hospital operations caused by these events. The information presented in this publication provides an exhaustive review of mitigation measures and design solutions that can improve the safety of hospitals in natural hazard events.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2007-06
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Effects of Hypervigilance on Decision-Making During Critical Incidents
From the thesis abstract: "While law enforcement defines the term 'hypervigilance' in its training and operations to describe awareness of a potentially dangerous situation, research describes hypervigilance as a state of panic that often results in regrettable decision-making. The disconnect between academic conceptualization and the applied use of hypervigilance results in a lack of understanding in police contexts, a deficit of what accounts for the phenomenon, and a deficiency in mitigation. This thesis breaks hypervigilance into its three relevant constructs: anxiety, fear, and acute stress, and examines interrelated effects on critical incident decision-making by conducting a rigorous literature review of each field. Current training, through repetition, builds false expertise by automating responses without applying rational thought. Changing law enforcement's training curriculum to one that is built on cognitive conditioning through exposure training may enable better, more efficient intuitive decisions that are grounded in relevant experience and expertise. This thesis suggests a transformation in law enforcement training as a foundation to optimize intuitive decision-making in critical incident situations."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Junger, Paul M.
2018-09
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Isolation and Quarantine Benchbook
"Public health law governs 'the legal powers and duties of the state to assure the conditions for people to be healthy (e.g., to identify, prevent, and ameliorate risks to health in the population) and the limitations on the power of the state to constrain the autonomy, privacy, liberty, or other legally protected interests of individuals for the protection or promotion of community health.' In recent years, the focus of public health law has turned increasingly to determining how these principles should be implemented in the event of an outbreak of a life-threatening communicable disease, whether naturally occurring (such as severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] or avian flu) or resulting from a bioterrorism attack. Plans for a public-health response to such a crisis necessarily include the possibility of isolation or quarantine (I/Q) - that is, the confinement within a proscribed area of persons who have been exposed to or contracted a communicable disease, to guard against the spread of the disease to the general public."
Minnesota. Judicial Branch
2008-11
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Fracking: Unintended Consequences for Local Communities
From the thesis abstract: "The advent of hydraulic fracturing and the ability to bore horizontal wells have changed the energy industry for better and worse since 2005. Advancements have dramatically increased the extraction of oil from shale, but the controversial process, commonly known as 'fracking,' has transformed North Dakota's Bakken into a major producer of oil that has affected global oil markets. The questions asked in this thesis are as follows: What are the effects of unconventional shale oil exploration on local communities? How can they prepare for, prevent, mitigate, and recover from the socioeconomic impacts associated with shale oil exploration? What happened at the Bakken served as a case study to evaluate the holistic impact of fracking on the environment and socioeconomics of local communities at the epicenter of shale oil production. This study included an evaluation of crucial environmental issues: water consumption, water quality, air quality, wastewater disposal, and seismic activity in western North Dakota. Socioeconomic concerns comprised population growth, housing availability, employment rate, community growth, taxes, infrastructure needs, and crime rate. An analysis of these impacts leads this thesis to six offer recommendations that local decision makers should consider as they strive to implement risk-reduction strategies and policies for their communities."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Stangeland, Chad David
2016-12
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Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11 [Updated May 30, 2008]
This CRS report is an update to a report of the same title that discusses the costs associated with operations related to the global war on terror since 9/11. "With enactment of the FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764/P.L. 110-161) on December 26, 2007, Congress has approved a total of about $700 billion for military operations, base security, reconstruction, foreign aid, embassy costs, and veterans' health care for the three operations initiated since the 9/11 attacks: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) Afghanistan and other counter terror operations; Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), providing enhanced security at military bases; and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). [...]In February 2008, the Congressional Budget Office projected that additional war costs from FY2009 through FY2018 could range from $440 billion, if troop levels fell to 30,000 by 2010, to $1.0 trillion, if troop levels fell to 75,000 by about 2013. Under these scenarios, CBO projects that funding for Iraq, Afghanistan and the GWOT could reach from about $1.1 trillion to about $1.7 trillion for FY2001- FY2018. This report will be updated as warranted. This report also includes one figure, one appendix and a list of 12 tables."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Belasco, Amy
2008-05-30
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'All the Missiles Work': Technological Dislocations and Military Innovation: A Case Study in US Air Force Air-to-Air Armament Post-World War II through Operation Rolling Thunder
"History reveals a Janus-faced, nearly schizophrenic military attitude toward technological innovation. Some technologies are stymied by bureaucratic skepticism; others are exuberantly embraced by the organization. The opposing perceptions of skepticism and exuberance that greet military technologies mirror the different interpretations of technology's role in broader society. Thomas Hughes's theory of technological momentum attempted to reconcile two of the disparate perspectives-social constructivism and technological determinism. The theory of technological dislocations advanced by this thesis is a refinement of Hughes's theory and is more reflective of the complex, interdependent relationship that exists between technology and society. Drawing on a single, detailed historical case study that examines the development of air-to-air armament within the US Air Force, post-World War II through Operation Rolling Thunder, this paper illustrates how an unwavering commitment to existing technologies and a fascination with the promise of new technologies often obfuscate an institution's ability to recognize and adapt to an evolving strategic environment. The importance of a keen marketing strategy in outmaneuvering bureaucratic skepticism, the benefits of adopting a strategy of innovative systems integration vice outright systems acquisition, and the need for credible, innovative individuals and courageous commanders who are willing to act on their subordinates' recommendations are all revealed as being critical to successful technological innovation."
Air University (U.S.). Press; Air University (U.S.). Air Force Research Institute
Fino, Steven A.
2015-01
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F35 Joint Strike Fighter, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 26, 2016
This testimony compilation is from the April 26, 2016 hearing "F-35 Joint Strike Fighter," before the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of Frank Kendall III: "The F-35 Lightning II is the Department of Defense`s largest acquisition program, matched by its importance to our Nation's security. The F-35 will form the backbone of U.S. air combat superiority for decades to come, replacing or complementing the legacy tactical fighter fleets of the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps with a dominant, multirole, fifth-generation aircraft, capable of projecting U.S. power and deterring potential adversaries. For our International Partners and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) customers who are participating in the program, the F-35 will become a linchpin for future coalition operations and will help to close a crucial capability gap that will enhance the strength of our security alliances. Accordingly, delivering this transformational capability to front-line forces as soon as possible remains a top priority. Our overall assessment is that the program is making solid progress across the board and shows improvement each day while continuing to manage emerging issues and mitigate programmatic risks. We are confident the F-35 team can overcome these challenges and deliver on our commitments. In this testimony, we will present a detailed update on the progress that has been made over the past year, providing a balanced assessment of the current status of the program, highlighting both the accomplishments and the setbacks, as well as articulating where we believe risks remain." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Frank Kendall III, J. Michael Gilmore, Christopher C. Bogdan, Michael J. Sullivan.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
2016-04-26
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EPA/OSHA Joint Chemical Accident Investigation Report, Shell Chemical Company, Deer Park, Texas
This report from the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration discusses the explosion and fire at the Shell Chemical Company Complex in Deer Park, Texas, that occurred on June 22, 1997, response to the accident, the investigation, analyses, and identifies the root causes and the contributing factors of the accident. "An explosion and fire took place at the Shell Chemical Company Complex in Deer Park, Texas, on June 22, 1997, resulting in injuries, public sheltering, closure of transportation routes, and property damage both on and off site. EPA and OSHA undertook an investigation of this accident because of its severity, its effects on workers and the public, the desire to identify those root causes and contributing factors of the event that may have broad applicability to industry, and the potential to develop recommendations and lessons learned to prevent future accidents of this type. This investigation was conducted in conjunction with an investigation by OSHA to determine if violations of occupational safety and health laws had occurred. […] The JCAIT developed recommendations addressing the root and contributing causes to prevent a recurrence or similar event at this and other facilities."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; United States. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1998-06
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World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1999-2000
"The World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers [WMEAT] series of reports is designed to be a convenient reference on annual military expenditures, arms transfers, armed forces selected economic data, and relative indicators consisting of pertinent military-economic ratios. The aim is to provide the arms control and international security community with useful, comprehensive, up-to-date, and accurate data, accompanied by analyses and highlights. This issue of WMEAT (pronounced 'we-meet') covers 172 countries over the 1989-1999 decade. It is the 28th in the series, of which 26 were published by the former U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency."
United States. Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
2002-06
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Improving Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection Methods for Trace Forensics and Military Field Applications
"Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a proven technology for field portable detection of vapor phase explosive compounds due to its high sensitivity and rapid analysis. However, IMS technology is limited in identifying complex samples in the field due to poor resolution and limited dynamic range. Combining gas chromatography (GC) to IMS can overcome some of the limitations by separating the components in a mixture before detection; however, the addition of GC increases system complexity and lengthens analysis times. The performance characteristics of the IMS and GC/IMS operational modes of the GC-IONSCAN were evaluated to determine if GC/IMS is more reliable than IMS in the detection of explosive compounds amidst interferents."
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Cook, Greg
2006-09-14
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USAF Operations in a Chemical and Biological (CB) Warfare Environment, Defense Equipment, Volume 3
This handbook implements AFPD 32-40, Disaster Preparedness and AFMAN 32-4005, Personnel Protection and Attack Actions. AFH 32-4014, Volume 3, provides Civil Engineer Readiness Flight personnel with general information and technical data concerning fielded chemical and biological warfare defense equipment. The information contained in this guide was extracted from various Air Force Technical Orders and/or equipment manuals. The information contained herein does not supersede any published Technical Order (T.O.), Readiness Training Package (RTP), or equipment manual. Information on planning and analysis, hazards, and defense procedures can be found in Volumes 1, 2, and 4, respectively.
United States. Department of the Air Force
Poulis, Andrew
1998-02-01
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Decontamination of Soil Contaminated with Bacillus Anthracis Spores: Technology Evaluation Report
"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development is striving to protect human health and the environment from adverse impacts resulting from acts of terror by investigating the effectiveness and applicability of technologies for homeland security (HS)-related applications. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of four chemical decontaminants for inactivating 'Bacillus anthracis' (causative agent for anthrax) spores in soil. The decontaminants that were evaluated included two liquid biocides (pH-amended bleach and sodium persulfate) and two fumigants (methyl bromide and metam sodium). The objective of this study was to provide an understanding of the performance (i.e., efficacy) of these decontamination technologies to guide their use and implementation in HS applications for hard-to-decontaminate materials such as soil. In the assessment of options for decontamination following an intentional release of 'B. anthracis' spores, it is important to know what operational factors can impact the decontamination efficacy. This investigation focused on decontamination of two types of soil material: topsoil and Arizona Test Dust (AZTD). These two soil types were selected for testing in an attempt to span the range in expected organic content of soils. Decontamination efficacy tests were conducted with spores of 'B. anthracis' or 'B. subtilis', the latter microorganism included to assess its potential as a surrogate for future studies related to 'B. anthracis'. Decontamination efficacy was quantified in terms of log reduction (LR), based on the difference in the number of bacterial spores (as colony forming units) recovered from the positive controls (soil samples not exposed to decontaminant) and test samples. Tests were conducted with varying operational parameters (e.g., contact time, number of applications of the decontaminant, decontaminant concentration) to assess the effect of these parameters on decontamination efficacy."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
2013-08
