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• National Science Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1979 and 1980 and the Women in Science and Technology Equal Opportunity Act, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Fifth Congress, Second Session, on S. 2549 to Authorize Appropriations for the Activities of the National Science Foundation, and for Other Purposes, and S. 2550 to Promote the Full Use of Human Resources in Science and Technology Through a Comprehensive Program to Maximize the Potential Contribution and Advancement of Women in Scientific, Professional, and Technical Careers, April 10, 1978

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  This is the April 10, 1978 hearing titled "National Science Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1979 and 1980 and the Women in Science and Technology Equal Opportunity Act," held before the Senate Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources. From the opening statement of Edward M. Kennedy: "The subject of our hearings this morning is the National Science Foundation Authorization Act and the Women in Science and Technology Equal Opportunity Act. The witnesses we will hear will help us determine how well the Foundation is meeting its responsibility to support basic research and to fund applied research in areas where the potential exists to resolve significant national problems. In addition, the National Science Foundation has the primary responsibility within the Federal Government for strengthening science education. The Foundation must assure the Nation an adequate pool of scientific and technological human resources--with full participation of minorities and women. The Foundation must also work to improve science education to meet the needs of a broader range of students; to promote public understanding of issues involving science and technology; and to improve the general effectiveness and relevance of science education." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard S. Schweiker, Richard C. Atkinson, Irving Shain, Robert Randolph, Lucy W. Sells, and Edward L. Helminski.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1978
• New York City Blackout of July 13, 1977, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session, October 13, 1977

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  This is the October 13, 1977 hearing on "New York City Blackout of July 13, 1977," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. From the opening statement of John D. Dingell: "This is the first of the hearings to be held by the Energy and Power Subcommittee into the blackout of the electric system of the Consolidated Edison Co. of New York that occurred on July 13 and 14 of this year. This is the second of major blackouts in recent times involving that company and that geographic area of the United States which has taken place in recent times. The blackout raised a number of issues of grave importance to this subcommittee and to the Congress as a whole. Because of the importance of New York City as a hub of national and international banking, commerce, communications and transportation, the events that occurred on the evening of July 13 in Westchester County, N.Y. and New York City had a serious national and perhaps even international impact. The subcommittee has had its staff inquire into this matter and the subcommittee is now preparing a detailed study of that impact. The blackout also raised very important questions about the adequacy of voluntary and State and Federal regulatory mechanisms for resolving problems vital to assuring reliability in the Nation's electric power systems." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Leon A. Allen, William J. Balet, Carolyn K. Brancato, Norman M. Clapp, Charles B. Curtis, Evan Davis, Ed Fowlkes, Daniel Goldstein, William W. Lindsay, Rolland A. Merrill Jr., Ira M. Millstein, and John R. Vogel.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1978
• Civil Defense: Are Federal, State, and Local Governments Prepared for Nuclear Attack?

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  "This report reviews the U.S. civil defense program, discusses the need for a more defined national policy on civil defense, and makes recommendations for improving the program's effectiveness. We made this review because of the increasing congressional interest in the U.S. civil defense posture and in the Federal organizational structure for preparedness. […] The United States lacks a comprehensive civil defense policy. Yet it is vital that we overcome obstacles to meeting and surviving a nuclear attack. Civil defense in the United States has not been a high-priority or high-dollar program. The present situation can be traced in part to the Federal Civil Defense Act, as amended in 1958. This act made Federal, State, and local governments jointly responsible for civil defense. This joint responsibility had a dual effect-all levels of government were involved in civil defense efforts, but these efforts were weakened as a result of State and local government disagreement and disinterest in nationally set goals concerning nuclear preparedness and because of the program's low priority. Federal-state and Federal-local matching funds have not created the impetus for a large-scale civil defense program because the Government can only encourage, not mandate, State and local participation. The question thus becomes: Can a civil defense program, based on voluntary State and local participation, be fully effective? The need for such a program could be justified by its potential life-saving capabilities, if for no other reason."

  United States. General Accounting Office; United States. Department of Defense; United States. General Services Administration . . .

  1977-08-08
• Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Third Edition

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  "Since the last version of 'The Effects of Nuclear Weapons' was prepared, much new information has become available concerning nuclear weapons effects. This has come in part from the series of atmospheric tests, including several at very high altitudes, conducted in the Pacific Ocean area in 1962. In addition, laboratory studies, theoretical calculations, and computer simulations have provided a better understanding of the various effects. Within the limits imposed by security requirements, the new information has been incorporated in the present edition. In particular, attention may be called to a new chapter on the electromagnetic pulse. [...] It is because of these fundamental differences between a nuclear and a conventional explosion, including the tremendously greater power of the former, that the effects of nuclear weapons require special consideration. In this connection, a knowledge and understanding of the mechanical and the various radiation phenomena associated with a nuclear explosion are of vital importance. The purpose of this book is to describe the different forms in which the energy of a nuclear explosion are released, to explain how they are propagated, and to show how they may affect people (and other living organisms) and materials."

  United States. Department of Defense

  Glasstone, Samuel; Dolan, Philip J.

  1977
• South Africa, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session on South Africa--U.S. Policy and the Role of U.S. Corporations, September 8, 9, 16, 17, 22, 23, 29, and 30, 1976

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  These are the September 8, 9, 16, 17, 22, 23, 29, and 30, 1976 hearings titled "South Africa," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Dick Clark: "When the Subcommittee on African Affairs first announced its intention last June to hold hearings on South Africa, we stated that our objectives would be to review the nature of South African society, the extent and impact of American investment there and the history and current status of U.S. policy toward South Africa. Events in southern Africa over the past 8 weeks have stressed the importance and urgency of such hearings." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Pauline Baker, George A. Birrell, John M. Chettle, A. A. Cunningham, Jennifer Davis, John De St. Jorre, William Durka, Jerry Funk, Thomas S. Green, Gilbert Jones, Horst Kleinschmidt, John Marcum, Pierce N. McCreary, John P. McGoff, Donald McHenry, Stephan M Minikes, Roger Morris, Edwin S. Munger, Paul M. Neuhauser, William D. Rogers, Larold K. Schulz, Timothy H. Smith, Stephen J. Solarz, Joel Stern, Leonard Thompson, George J. Vojta, D. N. Wait, and Andrew Young.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1977
• United States-Turkish Defense Cooperation Agreement, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session on S.J. Res. 204 to Authorize the President to Implement an Agreement with the Government of the Republic of Turkey Relative to Defense Cooperation Pursuant to Article Iii of the North Atlantic Treaty in Order to Resist Armed Attack in the North Atlantic Treaty Area, September 15, 1976

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  This is the September 15, 1976 hearing titled "United States-Turkish Defense Cooperation Agreement," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of John Sparkman: "The committee is meeting today at the request of the executive branch to receive testimony on Senate Joint Resolution 204. This resolution would authorize the President to implement an agreement with the Government of the Republic of Turkey for the use of bases in that country by the Armed Forces of the United States." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert F. Ellsworth and Philip C. Habib.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1977
• Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Hearing on Circumstances Relating to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Plan, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-Fifth Congress, First Session, February 16, 1977

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  This is the February 16, 1977 hearing on "Strategic Petroleum Reserve, Hearing on Circumstances Relating to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Plan," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. From the Opening Statement of John D. Dingell: "This morning the subcommittee will conduct its inquiry into and scrutiny of the strategic reserve plan which was defended pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of the last Congress which has been submitted to the Congress for congressional review."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1977
• Guidelines for Preparation and Review of State Emergency Plans

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  "Section 1413 of the Safe Drinking Water Act provides for a State to have primary enforcement responsibility for public water systems if EPA determines that the State has satisfied 5 basic conditions specified in Section 1413. One of the conditions (Sec. 1413(a)(5)) requires that a State, "Has adopted and can implement an adequate plan for the provision of drinking water under emergency circumstances." A State is not required to have an individual plan for each public water system. All that is required is a State-wide plan for responding to emergencies. A State must submit to EPA, pursuant to 40 CFR 142.11(a)(5), a brief description of its plan. The adequacy of the plan should be determined on the basis of this submission. This guidance is limited to those key elements of a State-wide plan that will permit a timely, effective response to problems. Within this general framework, it is suggested that the States be permitted maximum discretion in adopting and implementing a plan. Any requirements imposed on the States should be simple and relatively limited so that they can be readily and usefully attained. To be realistic, the State plan should have clear but limited objectives and should be periodically updated and tested."

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency

  Levin, Alan

  1976-10-29
• Growth of Domestic Intelligence: 1936 to 1976

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  "During and after the First World War, intelligence agencies, including the predecessor of the FBI, engaged in repressive activity. A new Attorney General, Harlan Fiske Stone, sought to stop the investigation of 'political or other opinions.' This restraint was embodied only in an executive pronouncement, however. No statutes were passed to prevent the kind of improper activity which had been exposed. Thereafter, as this narrative will show, the abuses returned in a new form. It is now the responsibility of all three branches of government to ensure that the pattern of abuse of domestic intelligence activity does not recur." Three periods of growth for domestic intelligence are outlined: 1936-1945, 1946-1963, and 1964-1976.

  United States. Congress. Senate

  1976-04
• Improper Surveillance of Private Citizens by the Military

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  "The Department of Defense maintains agents and investigators abroad and within the United States to gather foreign intelligence and to perform a variety of investigative tasks. This report describes how these agents and investigators have been used in the past to gather information on the political beliefs and activities of 'private citizens' in violation of their rights or in violation of the legal and traditional restraints which separate the military and civilian realms. It does not cover the monitoring of international communications by the National Security Agency."

  United States. Congress. Senate

  1976-04
• Stronger Federal Assistance to States Needed for Radiation Emergency Response Planning, Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States

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  "The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is the lead Federal agency in assisting States to voluntarily develop plans to cope with emergency radiation incidents at nuclear facilities, particularly powerplants, and accidents involving transportation of radioactive materials. This interagency effort has resulted in published guidelines and free formal training courses for State and local government officials responsible for radiation emergency response planning. As of December 1975, however, the Commission did not consider any State plan adequate to support the radiation emergency response planning guidelines developed by the Commission. GAO offers recommendations by which States can improve their radiation emergency response plans and keep the Congress better informed. This report concerns the need for stronger Federal assistance to States for radiation emergency response planning. The report discusses the status of State radiation emergency response plans and needed improvements in the Federal interagency effort to get State and local governments to improve their plans."

  United States. General Accounting Office

  1976-03-18
• S. Rept. 94-922: Staff Report on Emergency Preparedness in the United States, Senate Special Committee on National Emergencies and Delegated Emergency Powers, March 1976

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  "In its investigations the Special Committee on National Emergencies and Delegated Emergency Powers has concentrated on determining the extent of emergency power delegated to the President and recommending procedures for the declaration, administration, and termination of emergencies. It has not attempted to evaluate the state of emergency preparedness in the United States. Only in its final days did the Committee probe this question at all, and then only briefly. The range and complexity of emergency issues make any evaluation extremely difficult. Too often government units, trapped within their particular fragment of bureaucratic puzzle, fail to examine issues in all their parameters. In its brief probing of emergency preparedness issues, the staff of the Committee attempted to cut across customary lines of fragmentation and to take a broad view. To do this, the staff solicited the views of representatives of Federal emergency agencies, Congressional staff members, and nongovernmental experts."

  United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on National Emergencies and Delegated Emergency Powers

  1976-03-01
• U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session on Overview of U.S. Relations with Southern Africa, June 11, 13, 16; July 9, 10, 14, 23, 24, 28, and 29, 1975

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  This is a series of hearings on the "U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Dick Clark: "The fundamental changes occurring in southern Africa today presents unique challenges and opportunities for U.S. foreign policy. In Angola and Mozambique, the struggle for independence was in many ways a struggle between the East and the West, and between the former colonies of Africa and the former colonial powers. Portugal was a member of NATO, and the United states provided it with economic and military assistance all during the colonial wars. At the same time, China and the Soviet Union--as well as the independent nations of Africa--assisted those people who will soon govern Angola and Mozambique in their fight for independence." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: E.F. Andrews, Alfonso Arenales, Norman Bailey, Gerald J. Bender, William B. Buffum, Goler Teal Butcher, Temple G. Cole, Dennis E. Conroy, Jennifer Davis, Robert C. Good, Thomas H. Henriksen, Jean Herskovits, George M. Houser, John E. Hutchinson, Allen F. Isaacman, Willard R. Johnson, Elizabeth S. Landis, Edgar Lockwood, John Arthur Mareum, Donald McHenry, Edward Mulcahy, Edwin S. Munger, Jordan Ngubane, James H. Noyes, Robert I. Rotberg, Leonard M. Thompson, and Douglas L. Wheeler.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1976
• Electronic Surveillance Within the United States for Foreign Intelligence Purposes, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Intelligence and the Rights of Americans of the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session on S. 3197, The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1976, June 29, July 1, August 6, 10 and 24, 1976

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  From the opening statement of Birch Bayh: "This morning marks the first meeting of the Subcommittee on Rights of Americans of the Select Committee on Intelligence. With this meeting we are beginning what I am sure will be a long, difficult and ultimately a very important task. In the months ahead, it will be this subcommittee's particular responsibility to see that the needs of our Government for intelligence information are met efficiently and effectively and in a manner that is consistent with the fundamental rights of American citizens. In my opinion, the weight of our responsibility cannot be overstated. Allegations of widespread abuse of rights by the intelligence community led to the previous select committee's 15-month investigation of intelligence activities. The committee's finding that abuses had been even more serious and more frequent than most of us had imagined led to the bipartisan call for a permanent congressional committee on intelligence oversight. This subcommittee has now been charged by the Intelligence Committee's distinguished chairman, Senator Inouye, with accomplishing a large part of what so many have advocated. All of us are aware of the important role of the intelligence community in protecting the safety and welfare of our country and all of our citizens, but it is our duty as members of this Committee to keep a vigilant watch on the intelligence community and to insure that Americans are protected from the invasion of their rights while the intelligence community is fulfilling its responsibility." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Edward M. Kennedy, Charles McC. Mathias, Jr., Walter F. Mondale, John V. Tunney, Edward H. Levi, Doug Marvin, Robert F. Drinan, Aryeh Neier, Hope Eastman, Philip Heymann, Herman Schwartz, Birch Bayh, Gaylord Nelson, Daniel K. Inouye, Women's Strike for Peace, Philip A. Lacovara, Charles Scheiner, Dorothy R. Steffens, Raymond S. Calamaro, National Council of Jewish Women, Association of the Bar of the City of New York, and David Cohen.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1976
• Introduction to Civil Preparedness

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  "Since the beginning of time, man has sought protection from the dangers of a hostile environment. The cave, the forest, even hollow logs provided refuge for many of our forebears. Where the shelter and the actions taken were suitable to meet the emergency conditions, man survived. History contains countless references to individual, group, and community actions for protection from famine, flood, fire, and the effects of war. It was not, however, until the onset of World War II, with the threat of large-scale aerial attacks on cities and industrial centers, that civil defense planning gained impetus. Added impetus resulted from the advent of atomic and thermonuclear weapons and advanced delivery systems. […] The origin of civil defense preparedness in the United States may be traced to August 1916, when Congress established the Council of National Defense to coordinate 'industries and resources for the national security and welfare, and to create relations which will render possible, in time of need, the immediate concentration and utilization of the resources of the Nation'. The Council consisted of the Secretaries of War, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor. In December 1918, this Council was dissolved, and from that time until 1940, civil defense in a formal sense did not exist in the United States. On May 28, 1940, President Roosevelt established the National Defense Advisory Commission, which included the Division of State and Local Cooperation. In May 1941, a Presidential Executive Order replaced the Division of State and Local Cooperation with the Office of Civilian Defense."

  United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

  1975-07
• Federal Plan for Natural Disaster Warning and Preparedness: First Supplement (FY1976-1980)

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  From the foreword: "Natural hazards, such as the massive outbreak of killer tornadoes which struck 13 states early in April 1974, remain an ever-present threat to our Nation's welfare. Disaster surveys have indicated that the Nation's warning and preparedness system has reduced the toll in deaths, injuries, and economic losses from such hazards. However, unmet needs still exist in our monitoring, warning preparation, warning dissemination, and preparedness capabilities. The 'Federal Plan for Natural Disaster Warning and Preparedness' was published in June 1973. That Plan presented a comprehensive picture of the coordinated plans of 10 Federal agencies to bring about needed improvements to the warning system and preparedness programs. In the months since the Plan was prepared, much progress has been made to improve the system, and applications of recent technological advances promise even greater future improvements."

  United States. Office of Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research

  1975-06
• Address by the Honorable Edward H. Levi Attorney General of the United States Before the Association of the Bar of the City of New York

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  "I would like to speak to you this evening about confidentiality and democratic government. The subject is an important one. It is complicated and has many facets. I do not suggest there are easy answers. I do suggest, however, that public understanding of the issues involved and the relationship among the issues is extremely important. The bar as a profession has an enormous responsibility to help clarify these issues. My belief is that understanding may be increased by putting together certain doctrines and values with which most of us would agree. The relationship among these doctrines and values may have been obscured in the recent past. If hard cases sometimes make bad law, emergency situations also have distorted our perspective. The public good requires that we try to correct that distortion. In recent years, the very concept of confidentiality in government has been increasingly challenged as contrary to our democratic ideals, to the constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, and to our structure of government. Any limitation on the disclosure of information about the conduct of government, it is said, constitutes an abridgement of the people's right to know and cannot be justified. Indeed, it is asserted that governmental secrecy serves no purpose other than to shield improper or unlawful action from public scrutiny. This perception of the relationship between confidentiality and government has been shaped in large measure by the Watergate affair. The unfortunate legacy of that affair is a pervasive distrust of public officials and a popular willingness to infer impropriety. Skepticism and distrust have their value; they are not the only values to which our society must respond."

  United States. Department of Justice

  Levi, Edward H. (Edward Hirsch), 1911-2000

  1975-04-28
• Taking Measure: U.S. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Annual Report 1975

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  "Over the past years, the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA) pursued various means of fulfilling joint obligations with the State and local governments in developing and maintaining nationwide civil preparedness. At State and local level the prime objective was the same-but ideas and methods for reaching the always-elusive goal sometimes didn't mesh with Federal concepts and programs. […] A few years ago, a new idea in management began to take hold; its name-participatory management. The concept wasn't really new, but as managers both in and out of government looked around, they were surprised to see how little 'participation' there was by everyone concerned in various systems. DCPA encouraged participatory management in civil preparedness-and took a good hard look at its own programming and management system. DCPA's system was functional but it was cast in the old mold; it was top heavy in superstructure, designed around national objectives; and weak at the foundations, with funds trickling down to communities in thinly sliced allotments based on those national objectives; and with little hard data and other information on which to determine total local needs. After a full year of development, DCPA now has an 'objectives oriented' system, based on a good, firm foundation of finding out local needs in relation to the overall objectives of the national program."

  United States. Department of Defense; United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

  1975
• Fire Defense and Emergency Response

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  "This Guide is about making Fire Defense and Emergency Response Plans for fire prevention and control (which add up to fire protection). It is designed to help people interested in improving local fire protection through the use of basic systematic procedures. Following the procedures should result in finding out: 1. What are the real fire problems? 2. What are the causes of the problems? 3. What are the possible solutions? 4. What are the best solutions? 5. What action will be taken? Community involvement is an important element in the fire /emergency planning process. Early citizen participation and support can do much to air concerns and avoid misunderstanding. The community as a whole needs to understand what fire /emergency planning is and what it is not. […] Planning will take a lot of work and some of the decisions will be difficult, but the results are likely to be well worth the effort. This Guide is intended to be used in a number of settings ranging from rural areas and communities without any significant groupings of people and businesses to moderate-sized cities, of say, up to 50 or 60,000, and regions containing a number of small cities and communities. This Guide should be used by any group that believes it will work for them; however, a set of companion guides and procedures addresses the more complex fire protection problems associated with large cities and highly urbanized areas containing a number of cities and communities with many common boundaries. These documents address organization and data-collection issues in various settings and provide a handbook for continuous use in the complete process of systematic fire protection planning."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1975
• Indian Child Welfare Program, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, April 8 and 9, 1974

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  These are the April 8 and 9, 1974 hearings on the "Indian Child Welfare Program," held before the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs of the U.S. Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. From the opening statement of James Abourezk: "We have called these hearings today to begin to define the specific problems that American Indian families face in raising their children and how these problems are affected by Federal action or inaction. Many Americans and the Congress are becoming more aware of the difficulties Indian communities face in a broad range of areas: Health, education, land and water rights, economic development, among others. But there are few who are knowledgeable about the difficulties American Indians face in a matter of vital concern to them; namely the welfare of their children and their families." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert Bergman, George Goldstein, Jere Brennan, William Byler, Leon F. Cook, Cheryl DeCoteau, Alex Fournier, Bertram Hirsch, Roger R. Jim, Sr., Mary Ann Lawrence, Richard Lone Dog, Carl Mindell, Alan Gurwitt, Mel Sampson, James H. Shore, Margaret Townsend, Joseph Westermeyer, William Blackwell, Thomas Peacock, Evelyn Blanchard, Raymond Butler, Mike Chosa, Victoria Gokee, Carl Hammerschlag, Betty Jack, Robert E. Lewis, Esther Mays, Ramona Osborne, Ben Rowland, Freda Moore, and Mel Tonasket.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1975
• On-Site Assistance: A Guide for Surveying, Developing, and Maintaining Community Disaster Readiness

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  "This revised guidance is issued for all involved in DCPA-sponsored On-Site Assistance (OSA), and provides instructions concerning procedures to be followed in conducting OSA projects for local jurisdictions. It reflects experience since the original publication in May 1972 and contains the substance of subsequent guidance issued by various means. The importance of the use of DCPA Standards for Local Civil Preparedness in OSA is also emphasized. The appended material (in a separate document, MP-63-l) furnishes examples of OSA documents and procedures, such as preliminary hazard analysis format; detailed survey questions; and sample action plans and checklists to aid in the OSA process. The first task in OSA is to ascertain: 'What is the real status of local emergency operational readiness?' This question can be answered by measuring the 'success' communities have had in responding to actual disasters, or by investigating the situation by surveying and evaluating local emergency operational readiness on an individual on-site basis. Once it is fully understood what actual capabilities currently exist, then measures can be taken either to develop operational capabilities where deficiencies exist or to maintain existing capabilities and proficiencies."

  United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

  1974-09
• Public Law 93-288: Disaster Relief Act of 1974

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  "An Act entitled the 'Disaster Relief Act: Amendments of 1974.'" Also known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, this act was enacted on 22 May 1974, and has since been amended several times. "It is the intent of the Congress, by this Act, to provide an orderly and continuing means of assistance by the Federal Government to State and local governments in carrying out their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage which result from such disasters by: expanding relief programs; encouraging comprehensive disaster preparedness plans; achieving greater coordination and responsiveness of disaster preparedness programs; encouraging individuals, States, and local governments to protect themselves by obtaining insurance; encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters; providing Federal assistance programs for both public and private losses sustained in disasters; and providing a long-range economic recovery program for major disaster areas."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1974-05-22
• Mandate for Readiness: U.S. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Annual Report 1974

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  "The mind rebels against thinking about disaster. Disasters are never pleasant events-they can't always be averted-but with advance planning, their effects can be mitigated. Preparing for disaster is the major concern of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA). The Congress thought about it nearly 25 years ago-to the extent that legislation was passed, called 'The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950'. That is how modern-day civil defense, now broadened to 'civil preparedness', came into being. Their concern at the time was the threat of largescale aerial attacks on cities and industrial centers. That concern remains today, as it applies to the more powerful and more extensive effects which can be generated by nuclear weapons. Much has been accomplished on the international scene, and work continues, to assure a peaceful world. But the possibility of attack on this country always exists, and disasters are a daily occurrence in peacetime. That is why DCPA guidance and support is provided to State and local governments to help them establish and improve their emergency operations capabilities. And that is why DCPA assistance is aimed at developing a dual-use capability-a capability for use of personnel, facilities, equipment, and systems to meet the needs of a nuclear-caused disaster and the day-today requirements of peacetime disasters as well."

  United States. Department of Defense; United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

  1974
• Corps Responds: A History of the Susquehanna Engineer District and Tropical Storm Agnes

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  In June 1972, the tropical storm Agnes struck Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River Basin. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was called upon to help recovery efforts following the storm. To do this USACE created a new entity called the Susquehanna Engineer District. This document describes the new entity and the recovery effort.

  United States. Army. Corps of Engineers

  Walker, Paul

  1974
• Draft History of Mobile District: Chapter XIII: The Mobile District Meets Crisis: Hurricane Camille

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  History of the Mobile District's activities during the aftermath of Hurricane Camille along the Gulf Coast.

  Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)

  1974
• Special Energy Research and Development Appropriation Bill for 1975 Part 1, Hearings Before Subcommittees of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session

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  These are the 1974 hearings titled "Special Energy Research and Development Appropriation Bill for 1975 Part 1," held before the House Subcommittees of the Committee on Appropriations. The hearings included are: "Energy Overview" by the Department of the Interior; "Energy Overview" by the Federal Energy Office; "Fuel Allocation, Oil and Gas Programs"; "Energy Conservation and Analysis"; "Geological Survey"; Office of Coal Research"; and "Bureau of Mines." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rogers C. B. Morton, Francis M. Wiles, Ken Brown, William Simon, John Sawhill, Duke R. Ligon, John Weber, Eric R. Zausner, Edwin A. Kuhn, Thomas Kugel, Joseph Kump, Bruce Wilburn, David O. Oliver, Richard Hite, Vincent E. McKelvey, William A. Radlinski, Henry W. Coulter, James J. Balsley, Edmund J. Grant, Frank E. Clarke, Robert H. Lyddan, O. Milton Hackett, Russel G. Wayland, Richard P. Sheldon, Jack J. Stassi, Francis M. Wiles, Charles Masters, S. William Gouse Jr., George Fumich Jr., Neal P. Cochran, G. Edward Larson, Raymond E. Vener, Paul Yavorsky, Irving Zuckerman, Thomas V. Falkie, Thomas A. Henrie, John D. Morgan Jr., Joseph J. Yancik, J. Wade Watkins, Elwood Thomson, and Carl Rampacek.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1974
• Goals, Strategy, and Tasks of the Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program

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  From the Introduction: "The goals of the national earthquake program are to reduce the hazards to life and property, to mitigate human suffering and economic losses, and to minimize disruptions of business, government, and private activities from future earthquakes. The hazards, however, can never be reduced to zero, and analyses of vulnerability or risk must be prepared to assist the public in developing a rational approach and reasonable attitude toward the risk. A major goal is to achieve an optimum balance between safety and economic cost […]. As an indication of cost, approximately $100 billion were spent on construction in 1973. If only 1 percent additional cost were imposed in the interest of earthquake safety, more than $1 billion annually would be the price. Thus inappropriate or inadequate mitigation methods could be extremely wasteful, but to sacrifice tens of thousands of lives needlessly would be gross negligence. Only through the development of sound scientific and engineering principles and practices can the system be adjusted for optimum benefit."

  Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior

  Wallace, R. E. (Robert Earl), 1916-2007

  1974
• To Investigate the Adequacy and Effectiveness of Federal Disaster Relief Legislation, Part 6, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Disaster Relief of the Committee on Public Works, United States Senate, Ninety-third Congress, March 6, 1974

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  This is the March 6, 1974 hearing "To Investigate the Adequacy and Effectiveness of Federal Disaster Relief Legislation, Part 6" before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Disaster Relief of the Committee on Public Works. From the Opening Statement of Quentin Burdick: "The Subcommittee on Disaster Relief meets today to receive comments on S. 3062, the Disaster Relief Act Amendments of 1974, which I introduced on February 26 for myself and several colleagues. However, this session also is a continuation of the series of five hearings held last year by the subcommittee in various sections of the country to examine all aspects of Federal disaster assistance. The subcommittee has carefully reviewed operation of the Disaster Relief Act of 1970 in several of the more than 100 major disasters since its enactment. It has also studied the recommendations contained in the administration-sponsored disaster assistance bill (S. 1840) and the testimony submitted to the subcommittee by more than 300 witnesses." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Enso V. Bighinatti, William E. Crockett, Thomas Dunne, George M. Elsey, James B. Foley, Thomas L. Judge, Tom Moody, John Murphy, Mike O'Callaghan, and Kay Sauerbrunn.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1974
• Weather Modification as a Weapon of War, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, on H. Res. 116 and 329, Calling for International Agreement Prohibiting the Use of Weather Modification as a Weapon of War, September 24, 1974

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  This is the September 24, 1974 hearing titled "Weather Modification as a Weapon of War," held before the House Subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Donald M. Fraser: "The subcommittee on International Organizations and Movements will come to order. There is an amendment pending on the floor of the House on which there will be a vote soon, but I think we should proceed with the hearing now. The subcommittee is conducting a hearing on House Resolutions 116 and 329 and calling on the U.S. Government to seek international agreements to limit the deployment of weather modification as a weapon of war." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Thomas D. Davies, Gilbert Gude, and Edith Brown Weiss.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1974
• U.S. Chemical Warfare Policy, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on National Security Policy and Scientific Developments of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress, Second Session, May 1, 2, 7, 9, and 14, 1974

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  This is the May 1, 2, 7, 9, and 14, 1974 hearings titled "U.S. Chemical Warfare Policy" held before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Clement J . Zablocki: "The subcommittee today open s very important hearings on U.S. chemical warfare policy. More specifically, we have under consideration a number of similar and identical resolutions sponsored or cosponsored by some 46 Members o f Congress calling on the President and the Congress to resolve the U.S . position on the future status of herbicides and tear gas so that the Senate may move forward toward immediate ratification of the 1925 Geneva protocol. The resolution s also provide that reconsideration of the protocol would in turn provide an opportunity for a comprehensive review of U.S. chemical warfare policies." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gaylord Nelson, Patricia Schroeder, John Dellenback, Wayne Owens, Mathew Meselson, Julian Perry Robinson, Richard Baxter, Charles C. Price, Amos Jordan, Fred Ikle, and Leon Sloss.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1974