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• S. Hrg. 106-145: Counterterrorism and Infrastructure Protection: Hearing before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred and Sixth Congress, First Session, Special Hearing, February 4, 1999

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  Senate Hearing 106-145: From the opening statement of Judd Gregg: "[The purpose of this hearing] is the ongoing effort that this subcommittee on appropriations has made and the Congress has made to address the issue of terrorism, and make sure that the manner in which we are approaching the terrorism issue is a coordinated one, so that we have a plan as to what we are going to do relative to the three elements. One is the international issue of intelligence. Second is the threat to American facilities both abroad and in the United States. And third is the question of coordination with the local communities and State agencies that are going to be responsible should an incident occur." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Judd Gregg, Madeleine Albright, Ben Nighthorse Campbell, Frank R. Lautenberg, Janet Reno, Louis Freeh, questions submitted by Senator Pete V. Domenici, and questions submitted by Patrick J. Leahy.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Serial No. 106-17: Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1999: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session on H.R. 45, February 10 and March 12, 1999

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  Serial No. 106-17: From the opening statement of Joe Barton: "Today the Subcommittee on Energy and Power will hear testimony on H.R. 45, the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1999. This is the third Congress in a row to consider nuclear waste legislation. The legislative goals remain the same. First, accelerate acceptance in recognition of Federal court decisions. They found the Department had an unconditional obligation to begin acceptance of commercial spent nuclear fuel more than a year ago. Second, strengthen the repository by assuring adequate funding for site characterization, construction, and operation. Third, protect the consumers by halting the diversion of consumer fees to fund other Federal programs. It is my earnest hope that this Congress will be able to enact legislation that achieves these three goals." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard A. Abdoo, Lake H. Barrett, Shelley Berkley, Joan Claybrook, Jared L. Cohon, Jim Gibbons, Kenny C. Guinn, Shirley Ann Jackson, Greta Dicus, Nils Diaz, Edward McGaffigan, Jeffrey Merrified, David W. Joos, LeRoy Koppendrayer, Robert Perciasepe, Kevin Phillips, Bill Richardson, John G. Strand, John C. Angell, Joe F. Colvin, Department of Justice response to question of John D. Dingell, Cynthia Hilton, and Stuart E. Schiffer.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Year 2000 Emergency Management, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, March 22, 1999

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  This is the March 22, 1999 hearing on "Year 2000 Emergency Management" held before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. From the opening statement of Stephen Horn: "Fortunately, as we prepare to enter the new millennium, there is heightened awareness within the world, and specifically within Congress, of new man-made risks that must be considered in emergency planning. The possibility of widespread computer problems associated with the year 2000 is a concern. But it is only one concern among many. As a Nation, we must prepare for disasters of all types, manmade and natural. Unlike hurricanes and earthquakes, we know when the year 2000 problem will occur. Since 1996, there has been diligent work to prevent widespread disruption in our national infrastructure; however, the Social Security Administration began its work in 1989. It is unfortunate that neither the legislative branch nor the executive branch understood the complexity of the management issues involved." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Margaret Heckler, Michael Humphrey, Phyllis Mann, James Morentz, and Michael Walker.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP): Should This be a Problem of National Concern to Private Enterprise, Businesses Small and Large, as Well as Government?: Field Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Government Programs and Oversight of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, Laurel, MD, June 1, 1999

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  "This hearing is being held because the damage to our economy, businesses large and small--not to mention national security-- from electromagnetic pulse (EMP) could dwarf anything associated with the well-known Y2K problem. Yet the EMP threat is virtually ignored by our government and is practically unknown to the general public. Concerns about the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the possession of such weapons by rogue nations makes a discussion of problems associated with EMP and the magnitude of those problems a most timely topic. However, few congressional hearings have been devoted to this topic, and there is little, if any, public awareness of EMP. As a matter of fact, I think that, previously, in 1997, we had the first ever full hearing on EMP effects in the R&D Subcommittee of our then National Security Committee. So this will be the second full hearing devoted to the problem of EMP effects. I believe it is imperative that our government take steps to defend against EMP. As with Y2K, the public and businesses need to be informed about what steps they could take to prevent or minimize damage from EMP. It would appear that the number of contracts awarded to small businesses by the federal government for EMP research has diminished significantly in the last five years. Is the federal government placing the correct priority on the problems associated with EMP and with the possibility or probability that they may occur? Is the public being correctly informed by the federal government as to what EMP is, the magnitude of the threat and the problems associated with it? It is hoped that the testimony today will answer some, if not all, of these questions. Also, it is hoped that the hearing and the permanent record available to the public after the hearing, both in hard copy and in abridged form on the Internet, will provide heightened awareness of what EMP is and the problems it could create". Witnesses include: Ronald Wiltsie, Gordon Soper, Lowell Wood, and Richard Skinner.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• S. Hrg. 106-44: Nuclear and Chemical Safety: Y2K Issues: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, February 24, 1999

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  From the opening statement of James M. Inhofe: "I would like to hear from the witnesses today on three specific areas. No. 1, are the facilities on track for responding to the Y2K issue. No. 2, are the Federal agencies taking the necessary precautions to safeguard the safety. No. 3, what remains to be done. And, to also kind of get an idea of where we are on schedule." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: James M. Inhofe, a report preparing the Electrical Power Systems of North America for Transition to the Year 2000, prepared for the Department of Energy by the North American Electric Reliability Council, and prepared statements of Gerald Poje, David Swanson, and William D. Travers.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Serial No. 106-3: Internet Posting of Chemical 'Worst Case' Scenarios: A Roadmap for Terrorists: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittees on Health and Environment and Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, February 10, 1999

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  Serial No. 106-3: "As members of the audience may or may not know, the Health and Environment Subcommittee and the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee have a long history of working together, particularly in Clean Air Act issues. Our subcommittees have cooperated on a number of hearings and investigative efforts involving the implementation of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990. Today's hearing continues this cooperation and will additionally serve as an initial effort to determine if legislation in this matter is necessary." Statements include those of the following: Robert M. Blitzer, Brett A. Burdick, Arthur F. Burk, Robert M. Burnham, John M. Eversole, Timothy R. Gablehouse, Paula R. Littles, E. James Monihan, Paul Orurn, and Jerry Scannell. Additional material submitted for the record includes: Timothy Fields, Jr., Timothy R. Gablehouse, Paula R. Littles, Paul Orurn, Jerry Scannell, and Robert A. Walsh.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Review of Programs and Reforms: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, February 4, 1999

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  From the opening statement of James N. Inhofe: "On the issue of reform, I would be judging success by three measures. First of all, will the NRC meet its relicensing goal of processing the applications within 30 months? You will remember that 6 months ago we heard concerns that this could last for an interminable time. No. 2, will the general regulatory reform goals be implemented throughout every level of the NRC? And No. 3, will safety not be compromised? The first and the third goals are self-explanatory. Regarding the second goal, I am concerned that the reforms at the NRC will be embraced by the commissioners and the senior managers, but that they will not filter down through the NRC workforce. What we need is a cultural change at the NRC. I think we're all aware that Chairman Jackson will be leaving the Commission at the end of her term--on June 30, I believe it is, of this year--and yet, you can have changes at the top and they don't filter all the way down through the ranks. We want to make sure that that does happen. So we look forward to this hearing. I would also comment that we will have continued hearings. I think it is natural, and it is built into any bureaucracy, whether it's the NRC or anything else, if you don't have oversight, things tend to get very lax and, of course, you're going to probably have more oversight than you've had before, and this will be consistent; not just one spurt of it now, but it will continue throughout the years, at least as long as I chair this subcommittee." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher S. Bond, Bob Graham, James M. Inhofe, and Joseph I. Lieberman, Pete V. Domenici, Steven M. Fetter, Joe F. Colvin, Nils Diaz, Greta Joy Dicus, Shirely Ann Jackson, Gary L. Jones, David Lochbaum, Edward McGaffigan, Jr., Jeffrey S. Merrifield, James T. Rhodes, and Jeff Sessions.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Threat of Bioterrorism in America: Assessing the Adequacy of the Federal Law Relating to Dangerous Biological Agents: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, May 20, 1999

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  Serial No. 106-19: From the opening statement of Fred Upton: "We are here today to hold an oversight hearing on the adequacy of the current Federal laws and regulations relating to dangerous biological agents. The concern here is not just the potential for these agents to be used for terrorism, or other criminal purposes; but also the clear threat to public health and safety posed by inadequate controls on who can possess these deadly agents, for what purposes, and under what conditions." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Ronald M. Atlas, Robert M. Burnham, Nancy D. Connell, Stephen M. Ostroff, Jonathan Richmond, Dorothy B. Preslar, William F. Raub, James S. Reynolds, and Alan F. Holmer.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Emergency Planning for the Year 2000: Preparation or Panic? Hearing Before the Special Committee on the Year 2000 Technology Problem, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session on the Preparedness or Emergency Service Agencies at the State, County, and Local Government Levels, October 2, 1998

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  From the opening statement of Robert F. Bennet. "I will make this general introduction. Those who have followed the committee know that we set out in the beginning a series of priorities, listing them in the order in which we thought failure because of Y2K problems would cause the greatest impact. The first priority was the power grid, utilities, and then we talked about telecommunications. We have talked about transportation-we had a full hearing on that-the financial system, and now we come to general government. We have divided the responsibilities in the committee among the seven members, because we ended up with seven priorities. Senator Collins has the lead on the committee for today's priority, which is general government activities. We're delighted with the line up of witnesses that we have." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert F. Bennett, Christopher J. Dodd, John A. Koskinen, Lacy Suiter, Michael O. Leavitt, Ellen Gordon, Edward J. Philbin, John Thomas Flynn, Bruce Romer, Bob Cass, John S. Powell, Jon Kyl, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Michael Amyx.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Hearings on Sanctions Reform: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, May 11, July 1, and July 12, 1999

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  S. Hrg. 106-216: This hearing focuses on U.S. Agricultural Sanctions Policy for the 21st Century. The hearing discusses specifically sanctions on agriculture and agricultural products. Depressed prices in the farming industry nationwide have created the need for reforms that provide farmers and rancher with the opportunity to be productive and competitive. The hearng addresses the problem of keeping foreign markets open to U.S. agricultural trade, and how U.S. agricultural trade sanctions abroad hurt American farmers and ranchers. Statements, witnesses and submissions for the record include those of: Dan Glickman, August Schumacher, Gary Hall, Jesse Helms, Rober Kohlmeyer, William Reinsch, Max Thornsberry, Mike Yost, John Ashcroft, Stuart Eizenstat, Christopher Dodd, Chuck Hagel, Richard Lugar, Craig Thomas, Rod Grams, Sam Brownback, Paul Sarbanes, and Joseph Biden.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• E-Commerce: The Benefits and Pitfalls of Conducting Business over the Internet: Hearing Before the Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress, First Session, May 26, 1999

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  From the opening statement of Christopher Shays: "Earlier today we heard testimony in closed session from those familiar with very specific and very sensitive aspects of the threats posed by terrorists to U.S. citizens and property at home and abroad. That information provided some depth and clarity to the subcommittee's ongoing oversight of government wide terrorism issues. But terrorism also has a very public face. Using fear and panic as weapons, terrorists seek to amplify and transform crimes against humanity into acts of war. The growing and changing threat of terrorism requires an ongoing public discussion of the appropriate strategy, priorities and resources to protect public health and national security. That discussion brings us here this afternoon. As this point in the evolution of our post cold war response to the new realities of a dangerous world, we should have a dynamic, integrated assessment of the threat posed by foreign and domestic-origin terrorism. We should have a truly national strategy to counter the threat. And to implement that strategy, we should have a clear set of priorities to guide Federal programs and funding decisions." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel O. Hill, Harris N. Miller, Andrew B. Whinston, Alan W. Anderson, and Brian Hanson.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1999
• Domestic Preparedness Program: Test for Mustard (HD) Liquid Challenge of Hoses for Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

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  This report contains information on the testing of hoses for Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) against permeation by liquid mustard (HD). Under the Domestic Preparedness (DP) Expert Assistance Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) Evaluation Program, the Chemical Biological Center (CB) was tasked to perform testing of hoses for Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) against permeation by liquid mustard (HD). HD is a military chemical agent whose action is vesicant (blistering). It is used as a standard permeation test challenge because it permeates most protective materials more rapidly than any other chemical agent, thus shortening the test time to detection of permeation. The DP Program includes response to incidents of military chemical agent, thus shortening the test time to detection of permeation. The DP Program includes response to incidents of military chemical agents dispersed in a civilian setting, therefore the requirement for testing responders' personal protective gear against these agents. If the components of the PPE resist HD permeation for a specified time, it is certain that the components will resist permeation by any other chemical agent for the same time. The actual permeation testing was assigned to the Chemical Evaluation Laboratory, Surety Team, Engineering Directorate, which has many years experience in testing military breathing hoses against HD, using a standard method. The requirement for test results was given to the laboratory as one hour resistance to HD permeation. The purpose of the test was to collect data on the performance of the hoses against HD challenges.

  U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command

  Campbell, Lee E.; Sneeringer, Paul V.

  1999-01
• Analysis of the Change Readiness of Chesterfield Fire Department Officers

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  "The Chesterfield County, Virginia Fire Department is in the midst of tremendous change. After having one fire chief for the first thirty years of its existence, the Department has changed Fire Chiefs for the second time in the last two years. Over the next five to seven years the Department could potentially lose approximately ninety career members to length-of-service retirements, the first large scale turnover for an organization that has only had a few such retirements to date. Many of these retirees will be officers throughout the ranks, many who have been with the Department since its formative years. The purpose of this research project was to identify factors that influence an organization's ability to deal with change, its change readiness, and to recommend how Chesterfield Fire Department can enhance its change readiness. This study used the historical, descriptive, and evaluative methodologies to answer the following research questions: 1. What are the organizational characteristics of an organization that is change ready? 2. What are individual characteristics that make an individual more change ready? 3. How do the current officers of the Chesterfield Fire Department assess their individual change readiness? 4. What training currently exists in the Chesterfield Fire Department to develop fire officers as leaders in a change ready environment? This research used a survey to assess the attitudes of officers and division heads within the Department regarding their change readiness. The survey used questions to evaluate their levels of passion, resourcefulness, adventurousness, optimism, confidence, and tolerance for ambiguity."

  National Fire Academy

  Avsec, Robert P.

  1999-01
• DOE Handbook: Supplementary Guidance and Design Experience for the Fusion Safety Standards

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  "This handbook provides additional documentation on good operations and design practices as well as lessons learned from the experiences of designers and operators of previous fusion facilities and related systems. It is intended to capture the experience gained in the various fields and pass it on to designers of future fusion facilities as a means of enhancing success and safety. The sections of this document are presented according to the physical location of the major systems of a fusion facility, beginning with the vacuum vessel and proceeding to those systems and components outside the vacuum vessel (the "Ex-vessel Systems"). The last section describes administrative procedures that cannot be localized to specific components. It has been tacitly assumed that the general structure of the fusion facilities addressed is that of a tokamak, though the same principles would apply to other magnetic confinement options."

  United States. Department of Energy

  1999-01
• Channel Reservations vs. PACA Queuing: A Comparison of Priority Call Handling Techniques

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  Recently, the Technology and Standards Division of the National Communications System (NCS) completed a study that compares channel reservation and priority access channel allocation (PACA) queuing. The study simulated these priority call handling techniques under stress to observe how the techniques would handle periods of extreme congestion. The results of this study are clear: the PACA queuing technique consistently handles network stress most efficiently, providing the best completion rates to national security/emergency preparedness (NS/EP) callers. This Technical Note explores how channel reservation and PACA queuing treat priority calls, analyzes the simulation's results and presents implications of this study to NS/EP users.

  National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager

  Young, Ray

  1999-01
• Semiannual Report on United States-Mexico Border Contingency Planning Activities - No. 3

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  This report features specifics of the Laredo-Nuevo Laredo Sister City Plan. "The purpose of the Semiannual Report on United States-Mexico Border Contingency Planning Activities is to consolidate information on U.S.-Mexico border joint response and contingency planning efforts by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Regions, border states, and sister cities in order to promote the exchange of information, communication, and coordination among these groups. The types of U.S. and bi-national activities presented in this report include efforts such as developing Sister City Plans, response exercises, training courses, and responses to actual hazardous material and environmental incidents. Essential documents, Web sites, and contact information also make this report a useful reference document."

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency

  1999-01
• Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials

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  This publication establishes uniform procedures for the receipt, storage, and handling of hazardous materials and wastes by Department of Defense (DoD) components, installations, and activities. It is to be used in conjunction with pertinent Service-specific and DoD hazardous materials procedures, regulations, manuals, and guidance documents to support safe, effective, and environmentally sound management of hazardous materials throughout their life-cycle.

  United States. Defense Logistics Agency

  1999-01
• Technical Information Bulletin 99-2: Relationships of Popular Transmission Characteristics to Perceived Quality for Digital Video Over ATM

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  Managing video quality and its delivery, especially during NS/EP events, requires a coordinated effort between network design, video codec design, and network operating practice. Four sets of standards impact the ability of ATM networks to deliver quality video and provide for NS/EP preferences: MPEG-2 video communication standards, ITU-T transport protocol standards, ATM standards, and network carrier standard operating practices. There is a need for an overarching standard or set of standards that define the relationship between MPEG-2 traffic generation, traffic transport, and ATM switching. Creation of this overarching standard would highlight deficiencies within the underlying standards, i.e., MPEG-2, ITU-T, and ATM, thereby leading to their eventual enhancement. In so doing, traffic management for commercial and NS/EP-related traffic would improve with an overall benefit to video quality. Finally, there will be a need for network quality standards and standard network operating procedures within the network operators. The number of switches and the quality of the bearer channels have significant impact upon video quality. Therefore, network organization has significant implications to congestion management. Network quality standards would define the expected behavior of these networks. Quality standards would lead to uniform network design and operating practice in much the same way as AT&T's "Notes on Direct Distance Dialing" and Bell Telephone's technical publications defined high-quality practices within the telephone network years ago.

  National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager

  Ragsdale, Gary L.; Lynch, Gerard P.

  1999-01
• IS-288: Role of Voluntary Agencies in Emergency Management, Student Manual

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  This manual is designed to accompany "IS-288: The Role of Voluntary Agencies in Emergency Management," an independent study course sponsored by FEMA's Emergency Management Institute. "Unit One: Introduction to Disaster Relief Voluntary Agencies provides an overview of voluntary agencies and describes the unique strengths that voluntary agencies bring to any disaster relief operation; Unit Two: History of Disaster Relief Voluntary Agencies identifies historical milestones that contributed to the development of voluntary agencies in the U.S. […]; Unit Three: Roles and Services of Disaster Relief Voluntary Agencies describes the roles and services that voluntary agencies may provide throughout each phase of the emergency management cycle. […]; Unit Four: Working Together explains the importance of coordination between the different voluntary agencies and between voluntary agencies and their emergency management partners. This unit also explains the role and responsibilities of different organizations, committees, and positions that support collaboration among voluntary agencies. […]. Appendix A includes a list of acronyms and their definitions that are included throughout the course. Appendix B includes a list of current NVOAD member agencies, including contact persons, addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. Appendix C contains detailed steps for developing a state or local Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD). Appendix D includes a list of recommended readings to help you continue learning after completing the course. Appendix E lists the answers to the course pretest and Check Your Memory sections at the end of each unit. Appendix F includes the course final examination."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Emergency Management Institute (U.S.)

  1999-01
• Citizen Fire Academies as a Marketing Tool

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  "With the introduction of tax caps, right sizing and the ever-increasing task of doing more with less, public service organizations are faced with fierce competition while vying for their share of budget dollars. Traditional government services have been placed under the microscope and have been held to a higher standard of fiscal accountability, while having to justify their services and the cost of providing those services. The Fitchburg Fire Department needed to justify all aspects of providing emergency services. The purpose of the research was to identify the need and develop a marketing tool that justified of the day-to-day operations, annual budget, and capital expenditures. An additional purpose was to develop a Citizen Fire Academy. Specific research questions answered were: 1. What are the major disadvantages of not having a marketing/public education tool for the fire department? 2. What are the major advantages of having a Citizen Fire Academy as a marketing/public education tool? 3. What other advantages (to internal customers) would a marketing/public education tool, such as a Citizen Fire Academy, cultivate within the fire department? Historical research was conducted through literature review, personal correspondence, and interviews. Evaluative research was conducted by the acquisition of model citizen fire academies. Action research was conducted in the form of the development of a model citizens fire academy."

  National Fire Academy

  Fulmer, David B.

  1999-01
• Technical Information Bulletin 99-3: Gigabit Networking

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  Gigabit networking is expected to grow rapidly in popularity over the next several years. It is anticipated that as the communications infrastructure evolves to support gigabit speeds, new applications such as telemedicine, desktop videoconferencing, scientific modeling, and interactive telecollaboration will evolve to become important commonplace capabilities. These and many other bandwidth intensive applications have great potential to improve National Security/Emergency Preparedness (NS/EP)communications and event management activities. This report examines existing and emerging gigabit networking technologies, addresses issues associated with their applications, and discusses their applicability to NS/EP environments.

  National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager

  1999-01
• Technical Information Bulletin 99-1: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Over Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ASDL) Systems

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  Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), a new modem technology currently being deployed, promises to provide enhanced and affordable access to the Internet, live video, and a wide variety of other multimedia broadband services over existing copper twisted-pair wirelines. Because of its capability to accommodate a broad range of traffic from diverse sources, support high data rates, and provide gains in bandwidth efficiency, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is gaining broad acceptance as the preferred transport mode for broadband terrestrial communications. The key to successful transport of ATM traffic over ADSL is an end-to-end architecture that with protocol transparency ensures preservation of both the rate adaptive characteristics of the ADSL access medium, and the quality of service (QOS) guarantees of ATM. The ability of ATM over ADSL to provide seamless broadband access for remote users appears to have significant implications for planners and providers of national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) services. This report presents the results of an examination from a NS/EP perspective of selected technical interface/system considerations associated with the use of ADSL technology to provide access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) for ATM traffic.

  National Communications System (U.S.). Office of the Manager

  1999-01
• Cross Border Contingency Plan - U.S./Mexico Sister Cities: Laredo/Nuevo Laredo

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  "The municipalities of the city of Laredo, State of Texas, and the City of Nuevo Laredo, State of Tamaulipas, have recognized their need to cooperate with each other in times of local disasters. This plan between the two cities to meet emergencies and disasters will assure full and effective utilization of resources and manpower essential to the safety, care and welfare of all people, property and environment within the two Federal boundaries affected. These Standard Operating Procedures provide an outline of the immediate action to be taken by elected and appointed officials, and organization which would be involved dependent on the extent and nature of the disaster. This Cross Border Contingency Plan will become an annex to existing city, state, regional, and Federal plans and an emergency under this plan will be declared if the severity and geography of the event warrant outside support services."

  United States. Environmental Protection Agency

  1998-12-21
• Blue Grass Community CSEPP Exercise 1998 [Richmond, KY; October 21, 1998]

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  "The Blue Grass Community CSEPP Exercise 1998 (Blue Grass CSEPP EX 98) was conducted on October 21, 1998 to demonstrate the emergency response capabilities of the Blue Grass CSEPP Community and to validate correction of findings identified during past CSEPP exercises. The requirement for conducting Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) exercises was established in the August 1988 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the U.S. Army. Exercise design, planning, evaluation, and reporting guidance is contained in the 'Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Exercises' document, dated February 23, 1994, as amended by Change 1, dated June 1994, and Change 2, dated November 1995."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Department of the Army

  1998-12-17
• Good Intentions or Good Targets? NBC Defense Considerations During Peace Operations

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  As recent history illustrates, future maintenance of world order and stability will require peace operations on a rather regular basis. The United States, reigning world superpower, will probably absorb its fair share of these missions. This monograph examines the unique missions of peacekeeping and peace enforcement and assesses whether or not current United States nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) defense doctrine is applicable in peace operations. The monograph begins by documenting the relevant facts of the history of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), identifying the threat and examining possible relationships to peace operations. Although the employment of WMD during peace operations has not yet been confirmed, its potential use under these conditions should be seriously considered. Therefore, the monograph examined two case studies in which the potential for WMD employment was a possibility. The case studies include an overview of each operation, an analysis of the relevant WMD threat, and an identification of likely NBC defense requirements for a peace operation conducted in a NBC environment. Lastly, NBC defense doctrine is analyzed using the requirements identified in the case studies. The doctrinal functions of avoid, protect and restore were evaluated as to their applicability in peace operations. Specifically, does the doctrine satisfy the requirements of the tactical commander? The analysis identified a shortfall in NBC defense support to refugees and civilians involved in peace operations. The monograph closes with recommendations for mitigating the shortfall.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Kimmell, Scott D.

  1998-12-16
• American Culture, Military Services' Cultures and Military Strategy

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  From the thesis abstract: "The knowledge of one's culture is critical for success in statecraft and strategy. Yet, perhaps because it is so pervasive, the influence of one's own culture on strategy, defense preparation, and the conduct of war tends to escape notice. The influence of American culture on strategy, however, does not escape the notice of America's potential enemies. This thesis explores the American approach to strategy from a cultural perspective. It examines characteristics of American culture and the cultures of the four U.S. military services, which influence the U.S. strategy-making process. It explains how these characteristics formed and how they might influence American strategy. Unlike traditional explanations of the U.S. military cultures, such as Carl Builder's The Masks of War, this analysis examines the services' cultures from a more operational perspective. This thesis emphasizes the role the services' respective operating environments play in shaping their divergent perspectives on strategy, joint command structures, and doctrine. Cultural self-knowledge allows American strategists to recognize when aspects of American culture and the cultures of the services make some strategies possible, desirable, or unimaginable. It allows American strategists to recognize when political leaders goals and the services' strategies may be poorly matched."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Haynes, Peter D.

  1998-12
• Final Exercise Report: Indian Point 2 Nuclear Power Station [June 24, 1998]

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  From the Executive Summary: "On June 24, 1998, an exercise was conducted in the plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone (EPZ) around the Indian Point2 Nuclear Power Station by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Region II. The purpose of the exercise was to assess the level of State and local preparedness in responding to a radiological emergency. This exercise was held in accordance with FEMA's policies and guidance concerning the exercise of State and local radiological emergency response plans (RERP) and procedures. The most recent exercise at this site was conducted on April 10, 1996. The qualifying emergency preparedness exercise was conducted on March 3, 1982. [...] The State and local organizations, except where noted in this report, demonstrated knowledge of their emergency response plans and procedures and adequately implemented them. There were no Deficiencies and five Areas Requiring Corrective Action (ARCAs) identified as a result of this exercise."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1998-12-01
• In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Strategic Materials

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  This is a comparative study of national strategic materials policy from the perspective of U.S. national security and, therefore, contains a certain bias. The Committee concentrated on the traditional material of steel and aluminum and on the advanced materials of ceramics, polymers, composites, and the "smarts." The findings fall into three broad categories. First, The United States, Canada, and the European Union still have the remnants of the Cold War's (1945-1989) strategic materials policyJ Second, Belgium, Poland, and Spain are conscious of the strategic nature of selected materials, but appear unsure as to "who" in their country or region can be the most reliable provider of strategic material products. Third, there is a general recognition that the return of the "global commons;" the occasional natural disasters; the apparent world climate changes; the pollution of the habitat; and the growth, urbanization, and migration of the world's population directly affect all aspects of the entire life cycle of minerals, metals and materials, both traditional and advanced.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  1999
• In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1999: Health Care

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  While the U.S. health care system is world-class in many respects, its future is anything but bright. The financial resources consumed by the industry do not appear to benefit society in proportion to the investment. Millions of U.S. citizens have inadequate access to high- quality health care. Moreover, the industry eventually may not be able to meet the nation's needs in the event of chemical or biological attack. Thus, U.S. health care stands at a crossroads. The primary issue is whether to perpetuate a system that seeks ever more sophisticated and costly treatment in an attempt to treat the diseases of an aging population or whether to finance a more constrained system that promotes health for the entire population and provides individual treatment that is necessary, but perhaps less than that desired by patients. Whichever course is the ultimate choice, the collective decision will have profound economic, social, and security implications for the 21 st century.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  1999
• Epidemiology of Bioterrorism

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  "Since the discovery of Iraq's biological weapons program, concern regarding the threat of biological warfare has increased. Anthrax immunizations; increased nuclear, biological, and chemical defense training; improved detection systems and protective gear; and increased vigilance have been instituted to protect the military. However, the military is not the only population at risk for biological attack. To effectively counter the potentially devastating effects of an attack, we need to understand the basic epidemiologic principles of biological agents used as weapons. To facilitate the rapid identification of a bioterrorist attack, all health-care providers and public health personnel should have basic epidemiologic skills and knowledge of what to expect in such a setting."

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Pavlin, Julie A.

  1999