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UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery: Leveraging the Power of Science for a More Equitable, Resilient and Sustainable Future
From the Executive Summary: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] crisis has exposed stark global inequities, fragilities and unsustainable practices that pre-date this pandemic and have intensified its impact. Recovering better from COVID-19 will depend on bold efforts to strengthen health systems, shore up social protections, protect economic opportunities, bolster multilateral collaboration, and enhance social cohesion. [...] Science represents the world's best chance for recovering better from the COVID-19 crisis. [...] This 'UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery' provides a framework for leveraging the power of science in support of a better socio-economic recovery and a more equitable, resilient and sustainable future. [...] This 'Roadmap' is a commitment and a guide to make use of research to determine how COVID-19 socio-economic recovery efforts can be purposefully designed to stimulate equity, resilience, sustainability and progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 'Roadmap' outlines a set of 25 research priorities - five priorities for each of the five pillars of the UN's socio-economic recovery framework - as well as numerous sub-priorities providing more comprehensive elaboration."
United Nations
2020-11
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Building Codes Save: A Nationwide Study: Losses Avoided as a Result of Adopting Hazard-Resistant Building Codes
From the Executive Summary: "The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has been working in partnership with local and state governments for decades to reduce losses from natural disasters by developing risk-based hazard maps. The maps help communities reduce risk by planning developments away from high-risk areas and identify locations to adopt risk mitigation measures. FEMA also develops recommendations for making building codes more hazard resistant, largely through FEMA's Mitigation Assessment Teams (MATs). For more than 30 years, MATs have been working with state and local officials to investigate the performance of buildings and infrastructure after disasters, down to the types of nails that are used to join wood framing members and the spacing of the nails. The investigations have shown that strengthening buildings reduces losses. MAT reports develop recommendations for changes in construction methods based on field investigations and building science research. Priority recommendations are then adapted into building code amendment proposals."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-11
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Protecting Communities and Saving Money: The Case for Adopting Building Codes
From the Document: "Modern building codes address many concerns, including public health and safety, resiliency, and affordability. While local government officials, construction industry professionals, and many citizens are aware of this fact, currently, in the U.S. 65% of counties, cities, and towns across the country have not adopted modern building codes. The people living in those places are bearing a dangerous, costly, and unnecessarily high level of risk in the face of natural disasters. Many state, local, tribal, and territorial jurisdictions across the country can break the cycle of destruction by adopting modern, hazard-resistant building codes. This will buy down risk, which benefits local residents, communities, and leaders. [...] 'To achieve our mission, we must address underserved communities most often suffering disproportionally during and after a disaster and proactively consider the impacts of future conditions.'"
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-11
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Strategic and Performance Analysis of ECDC Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Introduction: "This report summarises the findings of a strategic and performance analysis of ECDC's [European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control] response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] between August and October 2020. The context and subject of this analysis is ECDC's performance during the COVID-19 outbreak. Hence, the scope of the analysis, and this report, is largely limited to events that took place in the period from the first known cases of COVID-19 in China until the time of this strategic analysis. The analysis focuses on ECDC's activities, organisation and processes that were in place during this period. As a result of this, the analysis and the resulting conclusions and recommendations pertain primarily to ECDC's operations in times of crisis."
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-11
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Insider Threat Mitigation Guide
From the Document: "America's critical infrastructure assets, systems, and networks, regardless of size or function, are susceptible to disruption or harm by an insider, or someone with institutional knowledge and current or prior authorized access. This status makes it possible for current or former employees, contractors, and other trusted insiders to cause significant damage. Insiders have compromised sensitive information, damaged organizational reputation, caused lost revenue, stolen intellectual property, reduced market share, and even harmed people. Allowing America's critical infrastructure to be compromised by an insider could have a debilitating effect on the Nation's economic security, public health, or public safety. [...] This Insider Threat Mitigation Guide is an evolution in the series of resources CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] makes available on insider threats. This 'Guide' draws from the expertise of some of the most reputable experts in the field to provide comprehensive information to help federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial governments; non-governmental organizations; and the private sector establish or enhance an insider threat prevention and mitigation program. Moreover, this 'Guide' accomplishes this objective in a scalable manner that considers the level of maturity and size of the organization. It also contains valuable measures for building and using effective threat management teams. Through a case study approach, this 'Guide' details an actionable framework for an effective insider threat mitigation program: Defining the Threat, Detecting and Identifying the Threat, Assessing the Threat, and Managing the Threat."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
2020-11
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United States and Europe: A Concrete Agenda for Transatlantic Cooperation on China
From the Introduction: "The United States and Europe increasingly agree that the People's Republic of China (PRC) poses significant political, economic, and even security challenges. Legislators and parliamentarians on both sides of the Atlantic have played an active and leading role in shifting approaches to meet these challenges. The next step is to turn this growing agreement into a constructive and concrete transatlantic agenda to defend shared interests and values. This report puts forward concrete ideas for collaboration in six key areas: [1] Fending off malign political influence, [2] Protecting the integrity of international organizations, [3] Addressing anti-competitive trade and economic practices, [4] Investing in future technologies and shaping how they are used, [5] Confronting the security implications of the PRC's strategic investments in energy, transport, and digital infrastructure through 'One Belt, One Road' (OBOR), and [6] Invigorating partnerships in Africa and the Indo-Pacific."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
2020-11
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COVID-19: Urgent Actions Needed to Better Ensure an Effective Federal Response, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "As of November 12, 2020, the U.S. had over 10.3 million cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and about 224,000 reported deaths, according to federal agencies. The country also continues to experience serious economic repercussions. Four relief laws, including the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act, were enacted as of November 2020 to provide appropriations to address the public health and economic threats posed by COVID-19. As of September 30, 2020, of the $2.6 trillion appropriated by these acts, the federal government had obligated a total of $1.8 trillion and expended $1.6 trillion of the COVID-19 relief funds, as reported by federal agencies. The CARES Act included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on its ongoing monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines the federal government's continued efforts to respond to and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update [1 November 2020]
From the Document: "As of 1 November, nearly 46 million cases and 1.2 million deaths have been reported globally. The further acceleration in the incidence of new cases was most notable in European Region, which reported half of global new cases (over 1.7 million cases - a 22% increase from the previous week. Moreover, the region also reported a substantial rise in the number of new deaths (a 46% increase compared with the previous week), with Europe and the Americas now each reporting over 17 000 new deaths in the last 7 days.) The Americas and the Eastern-Mediterranean Regions have also seen relatively smaller rises in the number of reported cases. The South-East Asia Region has continued to report a decline in new cases and deaths, while case incidence continues to fluctuate around similar rates compared to recent weeks in the African and Western Pacific Regions."
World Health Organization
2020-11-01
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Comparative Effectiveness Research: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and HHS Continue Activities and Plan New Efforts, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) authorized establishment of PCORI [Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute] to conduct CER [comparative clinical effectiveness research] and improve its quality and relevance. PPACA also established new requirements for HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] to, among other things, disseminate findings from federally funded CER and coordinate federal programs to build data capacity for this research. To fund CER activities, PPACA established the Trust Fund, which provided a total of about $3.6 billion to PCORI and HHS for CER activities during fiscal years 2010 through 2019. The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, added new CER requirements and extended funding at similar levels through fiscal year 2029. PPACA and the Appropriations Act 2020 included provisions that GAO [Government Accountability Office] review PCORI and HHS's CER activities. This report describes (1) the CER activities PCORI and HHS carried out to meet legislative requirements, (2) how PCORI and HHS allocated funding to those CER activities, and (3) PCORI and HHS efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of their CER dissemination and implementation activities, such as changes in medical practice."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Indian Health Service: Actions Needed to Improve Oversight of Federal Facilities' Decision-Making About the Use of Funds, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "IHS [Indian Health Service], an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services, provides care to AI/AN [American Indians and Alaska Natives] populations through a system of federally operated and tribally operated health care facilities. AI/AN have experienced long standing problems accessing needed health care services. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported that IHS has not been able to pay for all eligible health care services; however, the resources available to federally operated facilities have recently grown. This report assesses IHS oversight of federal health care facilities' decision-making about the use of funds. GAO reviewed IHS policies and documents; and interviewed IHS officials from headquarters, nine area offices, and three federally operated facilities (two hospitals and one health clinic)."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Defense Production Act: Opportunities Exist to Increase Transparency and Identify Future Actions to Mitigate Medical Supply Chain Issues, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has put the U.S. health care system under severe strain, including affecting the federal government's ability to buy and maintain critical medical supplies to treat patients and protect health care workers. In March 2020 agencies began using DPA [Defense Production Act] authorities to rapidly obtain and expand domestic production of medical supplies for COVID-19. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act provided the Department of Defense (DOD) $1 billion for DPA purchases related to COVID-19. HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] also reported using some of the $8.4 billion it obligated to buy supplies and replenish the Strategic National Stockpile to increase domestic production of medical supplies, which GAO [Government Accountability Office] refers to as similar actions. The CARES Act includes a provision for GAO to monitor funds provided for the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines (1) federal agencies' use of these actions to address COVID-19, and (2) the federal approach for using DPA and similar actions for medical supplies, among other issues."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic and Family Violence Services, Australia
From the Executive Summary: "Early during the pandemic, Australian healthcare and women's safety professionals predicted an 'impending increase' in domestic violence [...]. Advocates also reported concerns about increased complexities and challenges in assisting victims/survivors amidst COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. On the strength of these concerns, a research team from the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Centre for Justice conducted a nation-wide survey on the impact of COVID-19 on the domestic and family violence (DFV) workforce."
Queensland University of Technology. Centre for Justice
Carrington, Kerry; Morley, Christine; Warren, Shane . . .
2020-11
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Building a More Resilient ICT Supply Chain: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Executive Summary: "The impacts of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on the Information Technology and Communication (ICT) sector's supply chains are still unfolding. To understand how IT [information technology] companies have been impacted, and to identify lessons learned about supply chain vulnerabilities and the potential ways to address them going forward, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) Task Force, a partnership between the IT and Communications Sector Coordinating Councils and the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) formed a study group (collectively, 'the Study Group'). The goal of the Study Group was to uncover the impacts of COVID-19 on the ICT supply chains and make practical recommendations that can support policy and operational decisions to strengthen and build additional resilience into ICT supply chains in the future. These recommendations can support policy and operational decisions intended to strengthen supply chains going forward. The study also provides a high-level visual mapping of how goods and services flow through the generalized ICT supply chain, from the raw materials stage through to sale to the consumer."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
2020-11
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COVID-19: Federal Efforts Accelerate Vaccine and Therapeutic Development, but More Transparency Needed on Emergency Use Authorizations, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the GAO (Government Accountability Office) Highlights: "The U.S. had about 10.3 million cumulative reported cases of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and about 224,000 reported deaths as of November 12, 2020. Given this catastrophic loss of life as well as the pandemic's effects on the U.S. economy, effective and safe vaccines and therapeutics are more important than ever. The CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act includes a provision for GAO to report on its ongoing monitoring and oversight efforts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines, (1) efforts of Operation Warp Speed to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine and therapeutic development; and (2) FDA's use of EUAs [emergency use authorizations] for COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines, among other objectives."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Toolkit on State Actions to Mitigate COVID-19 Prevalence in Nursing Homes [November 2020, Version 14]
From the Objective: "This toolkit catalogs the many innovative solutions designed at the state level to protect our nation's vulnerable nursing home residents during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Beginning in October 2020, the toolkit includes up-to-date information, guidance, and innovative programs designed to increase vaccine use against influenza virus, pneumococcus (bacterium), and SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19."
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.)
2020-11
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Detection of COVID-19 in Wastewater
From the Overview: "This brief will provide an introduction to the use of SARS CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] monitoring in wastewater as an early warning system for increased infections in communities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a relatively new but quickly evolving surveillance tool that can detect the presence of certain viruses in community water systems, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. This non-invasive method can measure the presence of COVID-19 genetic material (ribonucleic acid [RNA]) in fecal matter in a sewershed, the area that drains into a community's wastewater collection system."
Environmental Research Institute of the States; Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (U.S.)
2020-11
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Puerto Rico Electricity: FEMA and HUD Have Not Approved Long-Term Projects and Need to Implement Recommendations to Address Uncertainties and Enhance Resilience, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "In 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria damaged Puerto Rico's electricity grid, causing the longest blackout in U.S. history. It took roughly 11 months after the hurricanes for power to be restored to all of the customers with structures deemed safe for power restoration. Since electricity service has been restored, local entities have undertaken the longer-term task of more fully repairing and rebuilding the grid. GAO [Government Accountability Office] reported in 2019 on challenges hindering progress in rebuilding the grid and recommended that FEMA and HUD [Department of Housing and Urban Development] take actions to address these challenges. This report examines the status of efforts to support long-term grid recovery in Puerto Rico, including actions taken by FEMA and HUD to implement GAO's 2019 recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Disaster Response: Agencies Should Assess Contracting Workforce Needs and Purchase Card Fraud Risk, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "The 2017 and 2018 hurricanes and California wildfires affected millions of people and caused billions of dollars in damages. Extreme weather events are expected to become more frequent and intense due to climate change. Federal contracts for goods and services play a key role in disaster response and recovery, and government purchase cards can be used by agency staff to buy needed items. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal response and recovery efforts related to recent disasters. This report examines the extent to which selected agencies planned for their disaster response contracting activities, assessed their contracting workforce needs, and assessed the fraud risk related to their use of purchase cards for disaster response."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-11
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Remote Inspection of Metropolitan Detention Center Brooklyn
From the Introduction: "The CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] has noted that the confined nature of correctional facilities, combined with their congregant environments, 'heighten[s] the potential for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] to spread once introduced' into a facility. According to BOP [Bureau of Prisons] data, as of October 13, 2020, 15,715 inmates and 1,954 BOP staff in BOP-managed institutions and community-based facilities had tested positive for COVID-19. In those institutions where widespread inmate testing has been conducted, the percentage of inmates testing positive has been substantial. At the time of our fieldwork, Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC) Brooklyn was not conducting widespread inmate testing for COVID-19. Between April 30 and June 10, 2020, the DOJ OIG [Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General] conducted a remote inspection of MDC Brooklyn, located in Brooklyn, New York, to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the institution and to assess the steps MDC Brooklyn officials took to prepare for, prevent, and manage COVID-19 transmission."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2020-11
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Office of Refugee Resettlement Ensured That Selected Care Providers Were Prepared to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "On July 1, 2019, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (P.L. [Public Law] 116-26) appropriated $2.9 billion for the Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) Program. Title IV provided $5 million for the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (HHS-OIG), to conduct oversight of the UAC Program. On January 31, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic in the United States, the Secretary of HHS declared a public health emergency. Following this declaration, Congress appropriated $12 million to HHS-OIG to conduct oversight of HHS's response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Previous HHS-OIG work has focused on the Office of Refugee Resettlement's (ORR's) efforts to ensure the health and safety of children in the UAC Program, including when the UAC Program experiences a sudden change in the number or needs of children. This report builds on our oversight of ORR's efforts to protect children and is one of two reports addressing emergency preparedness at ORR facilities. This report specifically addresses communicable disease preparedness. Our objective was to determine whether ORR ensured that selected care provider facilities (facilities) followed ORR requirements in preparing for and responding to communicable diseases, such as COVID-19."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Inspector General
2020-11
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Remote Inspection of the GEO Group, Inc.'s Toler House Residential Reentry Center, Newark, New Jersey
From the Introduction: "On March 23, 2020, the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] issued guidance specific to correctional institutions, noting that the confined nature of correctional facilities, combined with their congregate environments, 'heighten[s] the potential for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] to spread once introduced' into a facility. Although the BOP [Bureau of Prisons] houses the majority of its inmates in prisons, it may also place certain eligible inmates under the supervision of RRCs [Residential Reentry Center]--commonly known as halfway houses--which are contracted to supervise inmates who are generally nearing release and to help prepare them for their transition back into the community. [...] One RRC facility that provided services to the BOP this year was Toler House RRC, which provided reentry services in Newark, New Jersey. [...] Between May 1 and June 9, the DOJ OIG [Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General] conducted a remote inspection of the Toler House RRC to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected this facility and to assess the steps its management officials took to prepare for, prevent, and manage COVID-19 transmission. Toler House RRC was located in one of the areas hit hardest nationally by COVID-19 in March 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Our inspection evaluated whether the policies and practices of GEO [Group, Inc.] and Toler House RRC complied with BOP directives intended to control the transmission of COVID-19 within each facility, as well as general guidance publicly available from the CDC."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2020-11
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Communicable Disease Threats Report: Week 44, 25-31 October 2020
The Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) is a weekly bulletin that provides updates on threats monitored by European Union and European Economic Area (ECDC). The Week 44 report covering October 25-31, 2020 assesses current threats and non-threats and provides an epidemiological overview of each in individualized reports. Threats covered in this issue include COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), West Nile virus, Dengue, Influenza, Ebola, MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and Cholera.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2020-10-31
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Hard Look at Hard Power: Assessing the Defense Capabilities of Key US Allies and Security Partners--Second Edition
From the Summary: "'A Hard Look at Hard Power' surveys the hard-power capabilities of key US allies and partners and the United States' most significant multilateral alliance, NATO. The chapters on specific countries examine the countries' defense budgets, programs, research and development efforts, doctrinal updates, strategic guidance documents, and defense 'white papers.' Accounting for these elements of hard power sheds light on the ability--and, indirectly, the will and intention--of US allies and partners to use force independently or in concert with the United States and other allies to address current threats and sustain global or regional peace and stability. [...] In addition, the volume has chapters on key frontline states India, Sweden, and Taiwan. Finally, the chapter on NATO analyzes its current capabilities, policies, and reform efforts."
Army War College (U.S.)
Schmitt, Gary J.
2020-10-30
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Considerations for Retirement Communities and Independent Living Facilities
From the Document: "CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention] offers the following considerations for ways in which administrators of retirement communities and independent living facilities can help protect residents, workers, visitors, and communities and slow the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. These considerations are for administrators of retirement communities and independent living facilities that are not healthcare facilities. Learn more about guidance for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) that offer medical services [hyperlink] (e.g., nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, day care programs for older adults). A retirement community or independent living facility is a residential or housing community that is usually age-restricted (e.g., aged 55 and older) with residents who are partially or fully retired and can generally care for themselves without regular nursing or other routine medical assistance. Communal facilities, community activities, meals, transportation, and socialization opportunities may be provided. Different types of independent housing with support services for older adults include: [1] Public housing for low-to-moderate income older adults; [2] Assisted living homes that do not provide medical services; [3] Continuing Care Retirement Communities, which include a range of housing options including independent living."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-30
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, October 30, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Dietary Supplement Use in Children and Adolescents Aged ≤19 Years -- United States, 2017-2018"; "Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis, January 2019-June 2020"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in a Correctional Facility Employee Following Multiple Brief Exposures to Persons with COVID-19 -- Vermont, July-August 2020"; "Adoption of Strategies to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19 During a Statewide Primary Election -- Delaware, September 2020"; "COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among Health Care Personnel -- COVID-NET [COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network], 13 States, March 1-May 31, 2020"; "COVID-19 Mitigation Behaviors by Age Group -- United States, April-June 2020"; "COVID-19 Outbreak Among a University's Men's and Women's Soccer Teams -- Chicago, Illinois, July-August 2020"; "Trends in the Use of Telehealth During the Emergence of the COVID-19 Pandemic -- United States, January-March 2020"; "COVID-19 Outbreak at an Overnight Summer School Retreat -- Wisconsin, July-August 2020"; "SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Exposure and Infection Among Health Care Personnel -- Minnesota, March 6-July 11, 2020"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Had an Unmet Mental Health Care Need Because of Cost in the Past 12 Months, by Age Group and Sex -- National Health Interview Survey, United States 2019." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-30
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Answers to National Governors Association Questions on Vaccine Distribution and Planning
From the Document: "Since the spring, the Federal government has partnered with state, local, and tribal leaders to develop this whole-of-government plan and we will continue this collaboration. We recognize this process is iterative and welcome governors along with other state, local, and tribal officials' input and best practices. The answers provided below were developed by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) in partnership with our Federal partners including the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), among others."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-10-30?
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Climate Change Risk Mitigation by U.S. Foreign Assistance Agencies [October 29, 2020]
From the Introduction: "Congress has demonstrated continued interest in how U.S. foreign assistance agencies address climate-related issues. To mitigate the risk of climate change for both internal agency operations and foreign assistance programming, Members have provided related funding and directives in regular Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations measures. [...] This report focuses on agencies' planning to reduce the risk of climate change for operations and programs; it does not include analysis of programming aimed at addressing developing countries' own climate risk. Specifically, this report discusses how the foreign assistance agencies--the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Peace Corps, the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), and the Development Finance Corporation--are addressing climate change in their respective internal operations and overseas work planning. The report also discusses key issues that may be of interest to Congress as it considers future funding for and oversight of these activities. These issues include options for congressional input, the relationship of climate risk to other priorities such as environmental degradation, and responsibilities for climate risk management within and among U.S. foreign assistance agencies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brown, Nick M.; Morgenstern, Emily M.
2020-10-29
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Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense--issues for Congress [Updated October 29, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides a brief overview of implications for U.S. defense of renewed great power competition with China and Russia. The issue for Congress is how U.S. defense planning should respond to renewed great power competition, and whether to approve, reject, or modify the Trump Administration's proposed defense funding levels, strategy, plans, and programs for addressing renewed great power competition. Congress's decisions on these issues could have significant implications for U.S. defense capabilities and funding requirements. This report focuses on defense-related issues and does not discuss potential implications of renewed great power competition for other policy areas, such as foreign policy and diplomacy, trade and finance, energy, and foreign assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-10-29
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Wildfire Management Funding: FY2021 Appropriations [October 29, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service (FS) and the Department of the Interior (DOI) are responsible for wildfire response and management across the federal lands within their respective jurisdictions. Both FS and DOI generally receive annual discretionary appropriations for wildfire management activities through the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bills. Wildfire management funding for DOI is provided to the department-level Office of Wildland Fire. Wildfire management appropriations fluctuate annually but began to increase in the late 1990s and rose markedly after FY2000. A significant portion of the annual fluctuations and overall increase in funding is related to fire suppression costs, which vary considerably and may be high even during years of relatively mild wildfire activity."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie
2020-10-29
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for Institutions of Higher Education
From the Document: "As some institutions of higher education (IHE) prepare to re-open or keep open in-person learning in the United States, IHEs are faced with the challenge of keeping students, faculty, staff, and volunteers safe due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CDC offers the following considerations for ways that IHEs can help protect students and employees (e.g., faculty, staff, and administrators) and slow the spread of COVID-19. This document refers only to risks related to COVID-19. [...] These interim considerations are based on what is currently known about COVID-19 as of the date of posting, October 5, 2020. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will update these considerations as needed and as additional information becomes available. Please check CDC website periodically for updated interim guidance. [...] Summary of changes to the considerations as of October 5, 2020: [1] Expanded considerations on care for students and staff when becoming ill in an IHE setting; [2] Updated considerations on ventilation; [3]Updated considerations on food service; [4] Updated considerations for contact tracing; [5] Updated considerations on recognizing signs and symptoms of COVID-19, screening, and testing; [6] Updated considerations on coping and support; [and] [7] Updated considerations for Direct Service Providers (DSPs)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-10-29
