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HAZUS Tools [website]
The Hazards U.S. - Multi-Hazard Tools Web page contains a link to the Risk Assessment Tool: FEMA has developed a companion software tool to HAZUS-MH called the HAZUS-MH Risk Assessment Tool (RAT) to help you produce your risk assessment outputs for earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. This tool was developed as a third-party model to support HAZUS-MH and is used to display the outputs from the HAZUS-MH risk assessment in an easy-to-use format. The RAT pulls natural hazard data, inventory data, and loss estimate data into preformatted summary tables and text. These summaries can support the presentation of data to decision-makers and other stakeholders and in your mitigation plan. The site also contains a Flood Macro (Wizard).
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Critical Infrastructure Restoration: The Three-Phased Power Restoration Plan After the American Samoa Tsunami
"The Joint Field Office (JFO) collaborated with the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) and other partners to develop and implement a three-phased power restoration plan for American Samoa after an earthquake, tsunami, and flooding struck the islands on September 29, 2009. The plan outlined a three-phase response plan to address American Samoa's short-, mid-, and long-term power needs."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2011-10-07
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Incident Management: Forming Effective Federal-Territorial Partnerships During Disaster Responses
"The strong relationships between the American Samoa Governor, the Federal coordinating officer (FCO), and the defense coordinating officer (DCO) proved critical for effective joint field office (JFO) operations in the aftermath of the earthquake, tsunami, and flooding that struck American Samoa in September 2009."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2011-09-02
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Foreign Assistance: USAID Signature Tsunami Reconstruction Efforts in Indonesia and Sri Lanka Exceed Initial Cost and Schedule Estimates, and Face Further Risks, Report to Congressional Committees
"In December 2004, an earthquake caused a tsunami that devastated several countries in the Indian Ocean region. In May 2005, Congress appropriated $908 million in aid, of which the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is implementing $482 million in recovery projects in many affected countries, including Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This report examines (1) the progress of USAID's program; (2) USAID's financial and technical oversight of its efforts, and risks it faces; and (3) actions taken by the Secretary of State in response to an April 2006 GAO recommendation. Specifically, GAO recommended that State, in its required reports to Congress, provide updated cost estimates and schedules and show the need for additional funding sources, if necessary. GAO examined USAID's signature projects in both countries; reviewed project documents and periodic reports, interviewed USAID officials, and visited project sites in August and October 2006."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2006-07
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Living on Active Volcanoes-The Island of Hawai'i
"People on the Island of Hawai'i face many hazards that come with living on or near active volcanoes. These include lava flows, explosive eruptions, volcanic smog, damaging earthquakes, and tsunamis (giant seawaves). As the population of the island grows, the task of reducing the risk from volcano hazards becomes increasingly difficult. To help protect lives and property, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory closely monitor and study Hawai'i's volcanoes and issue timely warnings of hazardous activity."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
2000-06
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Future Eruptions in California's Long Valley Area-What's Likely?
"Long Valley Caldera and the Mono-Inyo Craters chain form a large volcanic complex in eastern California that has had persistent earthquake activity and ground uplift in recent decades. Volcanoes have been active in the area for millions of years, and future eruptions are certain to occur. When the next eruption in the area does occur, it will most likely be small and from a site in the Mono-Inyo chain."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
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Landslide Hazards-A National Threat
"Landslides occur and can cause damage in all 50 States. Severe storms, earthquakes, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires can cause widespread slope instability. Landslide danger may be high even as emergency personnel are providing rescue and recovery services. To address landslide hazards, several questions must be considered: Where and when will landslides occur? How big will the landslides be? How fast and how far will they move? What areas will the landslides affect or damage? How frequently do landslides occur in a given area? Answers to these questions are needed to make accurate landslide hazard maps and forecasts of landslide occurrence, and to provide information on how to avoid or mitigate landslide impacts. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) develops methods to answer these questions to help protect U.S. communities from the dangers of landslides."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
2005-12
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Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (website)
"Founded in 1984 with support from the National Science Foundation, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) is a consortium of over 100 US universities dedicated to the operation of science facilities for the acquisition, management, and distribution of seismological data. IRIS programs contribute to scholarly research, education, earthquake hazard mitigation, and verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. IRIS is a 501 (c) (3) nonprofit organization incorporated in the state of Delaware with its primary headquarters office located in Washington, DC."
Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
2009
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Helping Coastal Communities at Risk from Tsunamis-The Role of U.S. Geological Survey Research
"In 1946, 1960 and 1964, major tsunamis (giant sea waves usually caused by earthquakes or submarine landslides) struck coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean. In the U.S. alone, these tsunamis killed hundreds of people and caused many tens of millions of dollars in damage. Recent events in Papua New Guinea (1998) and elsewhere are reminders that a catastrophic tsunami could strike U.S. coasts at any time. The USGS, working closely with NOAA and other partners in the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, is helping to reduce losses from tsunamis through increased hazard assessment and improved real-time warning systems."
Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior
2000
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Advanced National Seismic System: Management and Implementation
"Of all natural hazards, earthquakes pose the greatest risk for casualties and damage in the United States. Congress asked the U.S. Geological Survey to assess regional seismic networks and provide recommendations for modernizing seismic monitoring. The outcome is the Advanced National Seismic System."
United States. Department of the Interior; Geological Survey (U.S.)
2001-04
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Guidance for Preparing Tribal Emergency Response Plans
"This updated [October 24, 2004] document, renamed the 'Guidance for Preparing Tribal Emergency Response Plans', is intended as a tool for resource managers of federally recognized tribes within EPA Region 10 for developing and implementing their own emergency response plans (ERPs). EPA Region 10 includes the tribes in the states of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Currently, there are ERPs for several tribal communities in EPA Region 10; however, most of the tribes rely on existing local, county, and borough ERPs and resources. The vast numbers of tribes in EPA Region 10 are subject to numerous types of potential hazards. These potential hazards include earthquakes, fires, floods, heavy snowfall or avalanches, oil spills, hazardous materials spills, dilapidated dams, industrial activities, and transportation corridors. The goal of this guidance document is to describe the types of information to be included in a comprehensive (i.e., all hazards) ERP for the Native American and Alaska Native tribes located in EPA Region 10. This guidance provides a detailed template for a plan and references for existing plans or other guidance documents that can assist tribes in preparing an ERP. Upon reviewing this ERP guidance, individual tribes will be able to incorporate their own ideas and insights into the ERP, and will be able to modify the suggested ERP template to best fit their unique needs and regional environments. To aid in the planning process and to maximize the availability of emergency response resources, EPA Region 10 recommends that tribes seek membership in existing Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs). LEPCs usually require mutual aid agreements, in which the tribe must recognize its responsibility to support other government agencies, and to receive their support, if and when conditions warrant and resources are available. EPA Region 10 also recommends that individual tribes formulate their plans to follow similar existing local and state formats. This will enhance coordination with local and state responding agencies or organizations in the event of a natural or technological disaster."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Region X
Opalski, Dan
2004-09
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FEMA Mitigation Best Practices: Spreading the Word Saves Lives
"This document is part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Best Practices Portfolio. The Best Practices Portfolio is a collection of true stories about people and communities who have experienced disasters, and what mitigation they used to survive, rebuild, and prepare for disasters." From the document: "One week before the tsunami came crashing down on dozens of villages in American Samoa on September 29, 2009, many teachers from the town of Tula noticed that whales and dolphins had been surfacing in areas where they hadn't been seen before, and took their classes to see them. In retrospect, some now wonder if unusual activity in the sea life might have been a sign of things to come. It was a good thing that the students had been taking a number of field trips that week. Weeks prior to the earthquake, tsunami, and flooding, the American Samoan Department of Homeland Security (ASDHS) and Department of Education had led a comprehensive preparedness outreach program, emphasizing evacuation readiness to schools throughout the island. This helped tremendously when the tsunami struck. Moreover, in keeping with September being declared National Preparedness Month by President Obama, American Samoa focused on tsunami evacuation procedures. 'Spreading the word through education in the schools, villages, and the workforce saved many lives,' says Governor Togiola Tulafono. 'Sirens and early alert systems and interoperable communications are critical, but it was the people on the ground that made the biggest difference.'" This and other individual FEMA Best Practices documents are also combined in "Mitigation Best Practices: Public and Private Sector Best Practice Stories for All Activity/Project Types in All States and Territories Relating to All Hazards [August 10, 2011]," which can be accessed at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=683132]
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2010-01-18
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Air National Guard (ANG) [website]
The Air National Guard (ANG) is a separate reserve component of the United States Air Force. During times of war, the ANG has plays a Federal role by participating in the nation's military force, but during peacetime, they are responsible to their respective states during times of state or community emergencies. These emergencies include hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes and forest fires.
United States. National Guard Bureau
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MedlinePlus: Disasters [website]
The MedlinePlus: Disasters page contains links to MedlinePlus resources on a variety of health-related topics related to disasters, including: Man-Made Disasters; Biodefense and Bioterrorism; Chemical Emergencies; Radiation Emergencies; Terrorist Attacks; Tularemia; Oil Spills; Germ Warfare; Natural Disasters; Earthquakes; Floods; Hurricanes; Tornadoes; Tsunamis; Volcanoes; Wildfires; Winter Weather Emergencies; Emergency Preparedness; Disaster Preparation and Recovery; and Coping with Disasters.
MedlinePlus; National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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FEMA: Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration (FIMA)
"FIMA manages the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and a range of programs designed to reduce future losses to homes, businesses, schools, public buildings, and critical facilities from floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, and other natural disasters. Mitigation focuses on breaking the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. Mitigation efforts provide value to the American people by creating safer communities and reducing loss of life and property."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Executive Order 13347: Individuals with Disabilities in Emergency Preparedness
Terrorist attack and everyday terror alert have called for a renewed look at emergency preparedness, particularly involving disabled individuals. This executive order calls for the strengthened preparedness and assistance to individuals with disabilities, specifically in cases of disaster, earthquakes, tornadoes, and terrorism. Technical assistance, as well as ongoing improvements in emergency response, remain a lasting priority and an integral part of proper safety procedure.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2004-07-22
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Emergency Preparedness Manual for the Aging Network
"Annually, natural disasters occur through floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes, and some may be serious enough that they are Presidentially declared. This declaration brings to bear the resources of the federal government in order to restore the public facilities of a community and to assist individuals in restoring their lives. Many more disasters occur on a smaller scale that are not of such scope and, therefore, are ineligible for a federal response. This often leaves older persons dependent upon their own individual resources and capabilities which are often inadequate. Historically, the mission of several national non-profit organizations (American Red Cross, Salvation Army) has been to assist in disaster situations on an immediate response basis. However, neither of these agencies nor the Federal Emergency Management Agency have fully established an operational response capability to serve the special needs of older adult or disabled disaster victims, especially on a long term basis. Further, these agencies have not developed an assistance strategy that would be adaptable to individual or situational circumstances. This means a coordinated team effort, including all of the expertise and capabilities of the aging network, is necessary if older persons are to be served adequately."
United States. Administration on Aging
1995-03
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Mitigation Ideas: Possible Mitigation Measures by Hazard Type
"Hazard mitigation refers to any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazardous conditions. The following list of possible hazard mitigation measures for communities is compiled from experience and discussion within the states of FEMA Region 5: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin. The list of hazard types and ideas starts generally with coverage of natural hazards, such as flood or earthquake. These are followed by types of man-made and technological hazards. As extensive as this list is, it does not preclude other ideas for activities to save lives and prevent or reduce damages in the future. Many of the ideas are developed in other FEMA publications, including www.fema.gov, as well as in publications of other federal and state agencies."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2002-09
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Flood Information Tool User Manual, Revision 7
"The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), under a cooperative agreement with the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), has developed a standardized, nationally-applicable natural hazards loss estimation methodology. This methodology is implemented through PC-based geographic information system (GIS) software called HAZUS MH. HAZUS MH applies a multi-hazard methodology, with models for estimating potential losses from earthquake, flood (riverine and coastal), and wind (hurricanes) hazards. The flood loss estimation methodology consists of two basic analytical processes: flood hazard analysis and flood loss estimation analysis. Flood hazards in the FIT are divided into riverine and coastal. In the riverine hazard module, characteristics such as frequency, discharge, and terrain elevation are used to model the spatial variation in flood elevation and flood depth. In the coastal hazard module, characteristics such as frequency, stillwater elevations, wave conditions, and terrain information are used to model the spatial variation in flood-induced erosion, flood elevation, and flood depth. The Flood Information Tool (FIT) is an ArcGIS extension designed to process user-supplied flood hazard data into the format required by the HAZUS MH Flood Model. The FIT, when given user-supplied inputs (e.g., ground elevations, flood elevations, and floodplain boundary information), computes the extent, depth and elevation of flooding for riverine and coastal hazards. An overall schematic of the FIT is provided in Figure 1-1 showing some of the types of data input that users may have and the FIT output (depth of flooding)."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2003-04-01
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CDC Strategic National Stockpile
"CDC's Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) has large quantities of medicine and medical supplies to protect the American public if there is a public health emergency (terrorist attack, flu outbreak, earthquake) severe enough to cause local supplies to run out. Once Federal and local authorities agree that the SNS is needed, medicines will be delivered to any state in the U.S. within 12 hours. Each state has plans to receive and distribute SNS medicine and medical supplies to local communities as quickly as possible. This Web page provides details on the Strategic National Stockpile: helping state and local jurisdictions prepare for a national emergency; determining and maintaining SNS assets, a national repository of life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical materiel; supplementing State and local resources; rapid coordination and transport; transfer of SNS assets to State and/or local authorities; training and education, and archived webcasts."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Integrating Historic Property and Cultural Resource Considerations into Hazard Mitigation Planning: State and Local Mitigation Planning How-To Guide
"Although a new and evolving concept, the importance of integrating historic property and cultural resource considerations into mitigation planning has been made all too apparent in disasters that have occurred in recent years, such as the Northridge earthquake in California, or the Midwest floods. The effects of a disaster can be wide-ranging"from human casualty to property damage to the disruption of governmental, social, and economic activity. Often not considered, however, are the potentially devastating effects of disasters on historic properties and cultural resources. Historic buildings and structures, artwork, monuments, family heirlooms, and historic documents are often irreplaceable, and may be lost forever in a disaster if not considered in the mitigation planning process. The loss of these resources is all the more painful and ironic considering how often residents rely on their presence after a disaster, to reinforce connections with neighbors and the larger community, and to seek comfort in the aftermath of a disaster."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2005-05
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Disaster Preparedness: Anticipating the Worst Case Scenario
"Effective disaster preparedness planning at the national and regional levels is a 'high payoff' investment that governments can make in anticipation of large-scale natural or man-made disasters. The 2005 Indonesian area earthquake and tsunami and the resulting national, regional, and international response efforts energized the nations of South Asia to take a serious look at their disaster preparedness planning processes and at the critical gaps exposed by the magnitude of the disaster."
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
Griffard, Bernard F.; Bradshaw, Art
2005-03
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Cooperation Between Defense and Other Agencies
Introduction by Rear Admiral (Retired) John F. Sigler. Initial Reactions: Coordinating with the First Responders presented by Brig. Gen. Craig T. Boddington. Promoting Stability and Capability: Regional Cooperative Initiatives presented by Mr. Paul Malik. Turkish Earthquakes: Response, Lessons Learned, New Procedures and Mechanisms presented by Professor Mustafa Erdik. Medical Responses presented by Dr. Abdul Wahab Al-Mosleh. As we move closer to the workshops that will build upon the work started in Oman in 2000, we have seen some common threads in our discussions so far on Environmental Security. First, events can occur in our environment, whether natural or man-made, that can have a significant impact upon national and regional security. Second, prior planning, preparation and information sharing are absolutely critical to having an adequate response. Finally, because of our unique capabilities, militaries have a valid role in preventing where possible, and responding where necessary, to environmental crises. Sometimes the military will be in charge, with multiple other agencies involved. Quite often the military will be supporting the other agencies, both governmental and non-governmental, that are responding to the crisis. This panel further addresses this last point. In prior planning, preparation and execution, coordination between military and civil organizations is critical.
Army War College (U.S.). Center for Strategic Leadership
2005-04
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Potential Risk Scenarios
Petro-Chemical Environmental Concerns: Managing Environmental Pollution Resulting from Chemical and Hydrocarbon Materials presented by Mohammed Jassim Al-Maslamani. Water: Distribution and Water Quality in Qatar presented by Abdul Rahman Ali Al-Naama. Health and Disease Response presented by Brig. Gen. Annette L. Sobel, M.D. This panel was moderated by Brigadier General Hamad Ali Al-Hinzab from the Qatar Armed Forces. The objectives of the session were to provide the basis for work group discussion, to institute a regional approach to security cooperation on environmental issues, to strengthen the GCC capability to respond to environmental events that may degrade regional stability, to explore the processes and mechanisms available to address consequence management planning at a regional level, and to promote environmental cooperation between defense and environmental authorities taking advantage of opportunities for multilateral and interagency cooperation. The regional environmental challenges include: water shortages, hazardous materials and waste, oil spills in the Gulf, shipping incidents, industrial accidents, desertification, environmental terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, regional earthquakes, and transmission of new diseases. This session was tailored to engage the interests of environment, industry, and defense representatives on environmental management.
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
2006-04-19
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Utah Department of Public Safety: Division of Emergency Management [website]
"Floods, tornadoes, earthquakes, severe storms, landslides, droughts, hazardous material spills, search and rescue. These are just a few examples of emergencies in Utah in which the Division of Homeland Security (HLS) has played an active role. But what does the agency do when there isn't a disaster? HLS coordinates emergency management efforts between federal, state and local governments. These efforts include preparedness, recovery, response and mitigation. Public safety professionals at HLS include experts in emergency planning, training, exercise, investigations, communications, automation, hazardous material response and much more. HLS prepares individuals and communities for disasters through outreach and training programs. The division trains nearly 1,000 emergency responders annually in areas such as domestic preparedness, hazardous material, the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, professional development and others. Thousands of Utahans receive emergency preparedness education material from HLS. This information helps families prepare to be self-reliant during a disaster situation. But that is not all we do. HLS also administers various ongoing programs that make Utah a safer, better place to live."
Utah. Division of Emergency Management
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6109: Pre-Disaster Mitigation Act of 2008
This is a CBO cost estimate for H.R. 6109, which "would authorize appropriations to the Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA] for grants to states and localities for pre-disaster mitigation programs such as constructing levies, relocating homes from flood-prone areas, and retrofitting buildings in areas prone to earthquakes. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 6109 would cost $700 million over the 2009-2013 period and $50 million after 2013, assuming appropriation of the specified amounts. Enacting H.R. 6109 would not affect direct spending or revenues." Furthermore, "under current law, FEMA is authorized through 2008 to provide grants to states and localities to help prevent damage in areas frequented by disasters. H.R. 6109 would extend this authority through 2011 and authorize the appropriation of $250 million per year over the 2009-2011 period, an increase of $136 million over the 2008 appropriation level of $114 million [see Public Law 110-161]. CBO's estimate of spending is based on historical spending patterns for such grants."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2008-06-05
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Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses, State and Local Mitigation Planning How-to Guide
This guide is the second in the series of "State and local mitigation planning 'how-to' guides produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency [FEMA]. " More specifically, this guide "provides step-by-step guidance on how to accomplish a risk assessment. Through a series of general and hazard-specific guidance and worksheets, the guide will help States, Tribes, and communities to determine 1) which natural hazards could affect a jurisdiction; 2) what areas of the jurisdiction are vulnerable to the hazards; 3) what assets will be affected; and 4) to what degree they will be affected, as measured through dollar losses. The guide is multi-hazard in scope, addressing flood, earthquake, tsunami, tornado, coastal storm, landslide and wildfire. For communities dealing with multiple hazards, guidance is also provided on how to develop a composite loss estimate. Once the risk assessment is completed, States and communities will have the information necessary to develop a strategy and plan for reducing their losses."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2001-08
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Producing Emergency Plans: A Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning for State, Territorial, Local, and Tribal Governments [Interim Version 1.0, 11 July 2008]
"This FEMA Comprehensive Preparedness Guide, CPG 101, continues the more than 50-year effort to provide guidance about emergency operations planning to State, Local, Territorial, and Tribal Governments. Some predecessor material can be traced back to the 1960s-era Federal Civil Defense Guide. Long-time emergency management (EM) practitioners also will recognize the influence of Civil Preparedness Guide 1-8, Guide for the Development of State and Local Emergency Operations Plans, and State and Local Guide (SLG) 101, Guide for All-Hazards Emergency Operations Planning, in this document. While CPG 101 maintains its link to the past, it also reflects the changed reality of the current emergency planning environment. Hurricane Hugo and the Loma Prieta earthquake influenced the development of CPG 1-8. Hurricane Andrew and the Midwest floods shaped the contents of SLG 101. In a similar way, CPG 101 reflects the impacts of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and recent major disasters, such as Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, on the emergency planning community. CPG 101 integrates concepts from the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF), and it incorporates recommendations from the 2005 Nationwide Plan Review. It also references the Target Capabilities List (TCL) that outlines the fundamental capabilities essential to implementing the National Preparedness Guidelines. As part of a larger planning modernization effort, CPG 101 provides methods for emergency planners to: Develop sufficiently trained planners to meet and sustain planning requirements; Identify resource demands and operational options throughout the planning process; Link planning, preparedness, and resource and asset management processes and data in a virtual environment; Prioritize plans and planning efforts to best support emergency management and homeland security strategies and allow for their seamless transition to execution; Provide parallel and concurrent planning at all levels; Produce and tailor the full range and menu of combined Federal, State/Tribal, and Local Government options according to changing circumstances; and P-2 INTERIM - Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101 July 2008 Quickly produce plans on demand, with revisions as needed. This Guide provides emergency managers and other emergency services personnel with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) best judgment and recommendations on how to address the entire planning process -- from forming a planning team, through writing and maintaining the plan, to executing the plan. It also encourages emergency managers to follow a process that addresses all of the hazards that threaten their jurisdiction through a suite of plans connected to a single, integrated emergency operations plan (EOP)."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-07-11
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Planning for Disaster Debris
"This guide highlights the need for communities to plan for the cleanup of debris after a major natural disaster. Based on lessons learned from communities that have experienced such disasters, this guide contains information to help communities prepare for and recover more quickly from the increased solid waste generated by a natural disaster. […] Every year natural disasters, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and tornadoes, challenge American communities. These natural disasters have generated large amounts of debris, causing considerable disposal challenges for local public officials. If you answer yes to any of the following questions, your community could benefit from the advice and information presented in this guide. […] In the past, debris from disasters was simply buried or burned in the community. As demonstrated by recent disasters, burying or burning debris as a means of waste management may not be acceptable. Citizens do not want to inhale the smoke from open burning. Municipalities do not want to risk contamination of drinking water and soil from uncontrolled burial of debris. Under normal circumstances, much municipal solid waste is recycled. The remainder is disposed of in sanitary landfills or in sophisticated combustors, both of which are equipped with devices to control pollutants. Often, however, these standard waste disposal options are not sufficient to handle the overwhelming amount of debris left after a disaster. Further adding to the disposal dilemma is the fact that many municipalities are reluctant to overburden or deplete their existing disposal capacity with disaster debris." This guide was updated in March 2008.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1995-12
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Texas HAZUS User Group (TXHUG): Using HAZUS-MH Runs to Calculate Debris and Commodity Needs for Hurricanes
"During the spring of 2007, the Texas Governor's Division of Emergency Management (GDEM) participated in a GAP analysis meeting with representatives from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The GAP [Gap Analysis Program] analysis included what levels of commodities (ice, water, food) could be supplied by the State as well as the amount of tree debris likely to be produced and the State's ability to dispose of it, following a Category 3 hurricane. The scenario used was based on a hypothetical hurricane coming ashore along the southern coast of Texas. Tom Le Blanc, Mitigation Program Specialist for and HAZUS [Hazard US] Support for GDEM, participated in this GAP analysis and was tasked with estimating the amounts of tree debris. Mr. Le Blanc ran the Hazus-MH wind model to estimate hurricane wind damage. Hazus-MR2 loss estimations can be derived based upon the impacts of three natural hazards (floods, hurricane winds and earthquakes) on the built environment and to the populations that live in the communities impacted by the hazard. Hazus-MH outputs estimate damages to buildings and their contents, losses to essential facilities, impacts on transportation and utility lifelines, and impacts on agriculture."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Pavon, Miguel A.; Le Blanc, Thomas A.
2007
