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Pakistan-U.S. Relations [Updated May 14, 2004]
"Key areas of U.S. concern regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir dispute and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was trans- formed by the September 2001 terrorist at- tacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a pivotal ally in U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts in Southwest Asia. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad's commitment to core U.S. interests in the region. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan continues to face serious problems, including wide-spread poverty and domestic terrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2004-05-14
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations [Updated February 6, 2004]
"Key areas of U.S. concern regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir dispute and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was trans- formed by the September 2001 terrorist at- tacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a pivotal ally in U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts in Southwest Asia. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad's commitment to core U.S. interests in the region. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan continues to face serious problems, including wide-spread poverty and domestic terrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2004-02-06
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations [Updated December 2, 2003]
"Key areas of U.S. concern regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir dispute and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods
of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a pivotal ally in U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts in Southwest Asia. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad's commitment to core U.S. interests in the region. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan continues to face serious problems, including widespread poverty and domestic terrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2003-12-02
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations [Updated August 4, 2003]
"Key areas of U.S. concern regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir dispute and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by distance and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a pivotal ally in U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Pakistan for its ongoing cooperation, although concerns exist about Islamabad's commitment to core U.S. concerns in the region. Pakistan continues to face serious problems, including a weak economy and domestic terrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2003-08-04
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations [February 6, 2009]
"A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Current top-tier U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; Afghan stability; domestic political stability and democratization; nuclear weapons proliferation and security; human rights protection; and economic development. Pakistan remains a vital U.S. ally in U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts. Yet the outcomes of U.S. policies toward Pakistan since 9/11, while not devoid of meaningful successes, have seen a failure to neutralize anti-Western militants and reduce religious extremism in that country, and a failure to contribute sufficiently to the stabilization of neighboring Afghanistan. In the assessment of a former senior U.S. government official, 'Pakistan is the most dangerous country in the world today. All of the nightmares of the twenty-first century come together in Pakistan: nuclear proliferation, drug smuggling, military dictatorship, and above all, international terrorism.' Terrorist bombings and other militant attacks have become a near-daily scourge in 2008."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2009-02-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1955: Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Prevention Act of 2007
"H.R. 1955 would direct the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to establish a university-based Center of Excellence for the Study of Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism in the United States. The bill also would establish a commission to investigate the causes of terrorist acts committed by persons raised or living in the United States and would require DHS to prepare reports on certain issues relating to domestic terrorism. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 1955 would cost $22 million over the 2008-2012 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting H.R. 1955 would not affect direct spending or revenues. H.R. 1955 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. The estimated budgetary impact of H.R. 1955 is shown in the following table. The costs of this legislation fall within budget function 750 (administration of justice). H.R. 1955 would direct DHS to establish a university-based Center of Excellence for the Study of Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism in the United States. The center would coordinate research on terrorism with other academic institutions. The bill also would establish 10-member commission to examine the causes of terrorist acts committed by persons raised or living in the United States. The commission would report its findings and recommendations to the Congress over the next two years. Finally, the bill would require DHS to prepare reports on certain issues relating to terrorism in the United States."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-09-17
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Fight for Legitimacy: Liberal Democracy versus Terrorism
This study uses an interdisciplinary approach to address the challenge of transnational threats, namely terrorism, to liberal democracies. Terrorism poses unique challenges to the liberal democratic state, and the transnational nature of terrorism necessitates cooperation between and among states. However, terrorism must be analyzed in a political and strategic context. The forces of globalization and fragmentation and the increasing claims of irredentism and secession, require a reexamination of state legitimacy. The best way for states to win legitimacy vis a vis terrorists is by adhering to liberal democratic values and cooperating with other such states. Such cooperation, which affects domestic and foreign policies, requires a convergence of political cultures among those cooperating states. This study analyzes three cases: the Basques in Spain, the ethnic Albanians in Macedonia, and the Kurds in Turkey. This study sheds light on how academics and policymakers ought to characterize and categorize terrorism, and it provides insights on the concepts of political legitimacy, liberal democracy, political culture, and political community. As the US assesses its homeland defense posture, it must resist any temptation to weaken its liberal democratic values, and as a superpower, it must encourage other states to adhere to liberal democratic values as well. Liberal democracy is not just a normative concern, it is a security imperative in today"s transnational security environment.
Naval War College (U.S.)
Jebb, Cindy R.
2001
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Civil Liberty Woes When Dealing with Uncivil Foes: The Effect of Civil Liberties and Human Right on Counterterrorism Operations
"Many of the counterterrorism tools created in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks to protect the world are now struggling to survive multiple legal challenges in domestic and international courts. There is a shift in the operational legal environment fueling a movement towards increased protection for individual civil liberties and human rights at the expense of counterterrorism efforts. Increasing restrictions on the ability of the United States and its partners, specifically in Europe, to share information and intelligence is limiting the ability to maintain the terrorist watchlist system. Legal challenges regarding extraterritorial detention are directly affecting the operational commander's ability to arrest and detain terrorist suspects. Courts have ordered the release of classified counterterror intelligence to terrorist suspect's defense counsels in federal prosecution, which threaten the operational commander's ability to protect his means and methods of intelligence collecting. The legal shift is eroding the latitude the operational commander has to conduct counterterrorism operations. The operational commander must understand and plan for the changing operational legal environment in the counterterrorism realm or risk the degradation of vital counterterrorism tools such as terrorist watchlists, international intelligence sharing, extraterritorial detention and arrests, and the criminal prosecution of terrorist suspects."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Allen, Elizabeth F.
2014-05-15
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State and Local Homeland Security: Unresolved Issues for the 109th Congress [June 9, 2005]
"Arguably, the three most important homeland security public laws enacted following the terrorist attacks on September 2001 are: P.L. 107-56, 'Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act' (USA PATRIOT Act); P.L. 107-296, 'Homeland Security Act of 2002'; and P.L. 108-458, 'Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004.' The PATRIOT Act focused on enhancing domestic security through antiterrorism measures, specifically, law enforcement and legal responses to terrorism. The Homeland Security Act established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act restructured the U.S. intelligence community to better assist in terrorism preparedness and response."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2005-06-09
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State and Local Homeland Security: Unresolved Issues for the 109th Congress [Updated August 3, 2006]
"Arguably, the three most important homeland security public laws enacted following the terrorist attacks on September 2001 are: P.L. 107-56, 'Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act)'; P.L. 107-296, 'Homeland Security Act of 2002'; and P.L. 108-458, 'Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004.' The PATRIOT Act focused on enhancing domestic security through antiterrorism measures, specifically, law enforcement and legal responses to terrorism. The Homeland Security Act established the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act restructured the U.S. intelligence community to better assist in terrorism preparedness and response. These key laws not withstanding, a host of important state and local homeland security policy issues remain, which the 109th Congress might address. Some of the issues include reportedly unmet emergency responder needs, the proposed reduction in appropriations for federal homeland security assistance, the determination of state and local homeland security risk assessment factors, the absence of emergency responder equipment standards, the development of state and local homeland security strategies, and the limited number of state and local officials with security clearances."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2006-08-03
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National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) [July 11, 2018]
"The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) is one of several mission centers operating within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. NCTC was established in August 2004 as the primary U.S. government organization responsible for analyzing and integrating all intelligence - except intelligence solely related to domestic terrorism - pertaining to terrorism and counterterrorism (CT)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeVine, Michael E.; Peters, Heidi M.
2018-07-11
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National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) [August 18, 2017]
"The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) is one of several mission centers operating within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. NCTC was established in August 2004 as the primary U.S. government organization responsible for analyzing and integrating all intelligence - except intelligence solely related to domestic terrorism - pertaining to terrorism and counterterrorism (CT)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
2017-08-18
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Combating Terrorism: Observations on Federal Spending to Combat Terrorism, Statement of Henry L. Hinton, Jr., Assistant Comptroller General, National Security and International Affairs Division, Testimony before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives
"The U.S. intelligence community continuously assesses both the foreign-origin and the domestic terrorist threat to the United States and notes that conventional explosives and firearms continue to be the weapons of choice for terrorists. Terrorists are less likely to use chemical and biological weapons than conventional explosives, although the possibility that they may use chemical and biological materials may increase over the next decade, according to intelligence agencies. This testimony (1) analyzes the foreign-origin and domestic terrorism threat as GAO understands it from intelligence analyses, (2) provides overall observations on program growth and other issues raised by GAO's work in this area, (3) examines steps that the executive branch has taken to improve crosscutting management and coordination and (4) provides preliminary observations on the 1998 and 1999 OMB reports to Congress on governmentwide spending and budgeting to combat terrorism."
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-03-11
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Making U.S. Security and Privacy Rights Compatible [revised and reissued March 2018]
From the thesis Abstract: "The terror attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, necessitated changes in the way domestic intelligence agencies and services conducted information-collection activities to protect against further attacks. Congress acted quickly to prevent the next attack by expanding government authority under the USA PATRIOT Act and the Federal Intelligence Surveillance Court. This gave domestic intelligence services the tools needed due to advances in technology that allowed terror organizations and suspects to travel, communicate, raise money and recruit using the Internet. Safeguards were written into the enhanced authority to protect against privacy abuses by government. Ten years after 9/11, civil-liberties advocates called for more transparency, more privacy protections and better oversight because of past abuses by government officials operating in the name of national security. Leaks about government spying on U.S. citizens have heightened the balance debate between security and privacy. Privacy or security is not a zero-sum game. A policy that incorporates an adversarial process in the FISC [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court] and a streamlined oversight mechanism in Congress for more effective oversight, and the release of redacted classified documents to educate the public about surveillance techniques, would instill more balance and greater public trust." This thesis, originally published in September 2013, was re-released March 2018 to clarify attribution.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Clarke, David A., Jr.
2013-09
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Securing Nuclear Materials: The 2010 Summit and Issues for Congress [July 18, 2011]
"In an April 2009 speech in Prague, President Obama pledged that his Administration would launch 'a new international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years.' To motivate world leaders to achieve this goal, the President hosted a Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, DC, on April 12-13, 2010. Leaders of 47 countries attended the summit, including many heads of state. Attendees represent a wide geographic range of states and nuclear capabilities, and include China, India, Israel, and Pakistan. The summit resulted in a joint statement saying that international cooperative action is necessary to prevent an act of nuclear terrorism. Summit attendees also pledged to improve nuclear security standards, bring international agreements into force, and share best practices. […] The U.S. government has worked for more than a decade both domestically and in partnership with other countries to address this problem through multiple programs at the Departments of Defense, Energy, Homeland Security, and State. The International Atomic Energy Agency has also played a lead role in these efforts, particularly since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Congress will continue to decide on funding for the U.S. domestic and international programs focused on nuclear material security and nuclear terrorism prevention. Congress is also likely to assess implementation of the Administration's goal to secure nuclear materials by the end of 2013. The Obama Administration's FY2011 and FY2012 congressional budget request proposed overall increases in funding for nuclear security-related accounts, with the stated purpose of ramping up programs to meet the President's four-year goal."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2011-07-18
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Domestic Terrorism Appears to Be Reemerging as a Priority at the Department of Justice [August 15, 2014]
"In June 2014, the Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the 'reestablishment' of its Domestic Terrorism Executive Committee, which had been defunct for several years. The committee includes DOJ leaders and is 'co-chaired by a member of the U.S. Attorney community, the [DOJ] National Security Division, and the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation].' It is designed to 'coordinate closely with U.S. Attorneys and other key public safety officials across the country to promote information-sharing and ensure an effective, responsive, and organized joint effort.' The reestablishment suggests that officials are raising the profile of domestic terrorism as an issue within DOJ after more than a decade of heightened focus on both foreign terrorist organizations and homegrown individuals inspired by violent jihadist groups based abroad. The amplification of this issue by DOJ may be of interest to congressional policy makers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bjelopera, Jerome P.
2014-08-15
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Securing Nuclear Materials: The 2010 Summit and Issues for Congress [October 31, 2011]
"In an April 2009 speech in Prague, President Obama pledged that his Administration would launch 'a new international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years.' To motivate world leaders to achieve this goal, the President hosted a Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, DC, on April 12-13, 2010. Leaders of 47 countries attended the summit, including many heads of state. Attendees represent a wide geographic range of states and nuclear capabilities, and include China, India, Israel, and Pakistan. The summit resulted in a joint statement saying that international cooperative action is necessary to prevent an act of nuclear terrorism. Summit attendees also pledged to improve nuclear security standards, bring international agreements into force, and share best practices. A second summit will be held in South Korea in 2012. Nuclear security measures refer to a wide range of actions to prevent theft or diversion of nuclear material or sabotage at an installation or in transit. They could include physical protection measures, material control and accounting, personnel reliability screening, and training. A broader understanding of nuclear security also includes measures to prevent and detect illicit trafficking- cargo inspections, border security, and interdiction measures. The U.S. government has worked for more than a decade both domestically and in partnership with other countries to address this problem through multiple programs at the Departments of Defense, Energy, Homeland Security, and State. The International Atomic Energy Agency has also played a lead role in these efforts, particularly since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Congress will continue to decide on funding for the U.S. domestic and international programs focused on nuclear material security and nuclear terrorism prevention."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nikitin, Mary Beth Dunham
2011-10-31
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Consular Identification Cards: Domestic and Foreign Policy Implications, the Mexican Case, and Related Legislation [Updated March 31, 2005]
"The current debate about consular identification cards in the United States has centered around the matrícula consular, the consular identification card issued by Mexican consulates to Mexican citizens in the United States. In May 2003, the Treasury Department issued regulations allowing acceptance of the cards as proof of identity for the purpose of opening a bank account, and the cards are accepted for other purposes as well, including issuance of drivers licenses. Consular identification cards raise issues for domestic policy and foreign policy. With respect to domestic policy, supporters argue that acceptance of the cards is necessary in a post-September 11, 2001 America, where photo identification is required to conduct daily business. They maintain that the card is a secure and fraud-resistant document that improves security and brings people into the open financial community where transactions can be monitored more easily. Opponents argue that the cards are not secure and are needed only by aliens who are illegally present in the United States and serve to undermine U.S. immigration policy. In the area of foreign policy, supporters maintain that U.S. acceptance of the cards has improved bilateral relations with an important neighboring country. They argue that the cards help U.S. officials to notify consulates of the detention of foreign nationals and improve the likelihood that U.S. citizens will have the benefit of consular notification. Opponents contend that regulation of the cards is necessary to reinforce immigration policy and to defend against terrorism."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Storrs, K. Larry (Keith Larry), 1937-
2005-03-31
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Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations [September 20, 2016]
"The kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ruled by the Al Saud family since its founding in 1932, wields significant global influence through its administration of the birthplace of the Islamic faith and by virtue of its large oil reserves. Close U.S.-Saudi official relations have survived a series of challenges since the 1940s. In recent years, shared concerns over Sunni Islamist extremist terrorism and Iranian government policies have provided some renewed logic for continued strategic cooperation. Political upheaval and conflict in the Middle East and North Africa appear to be straining bilateral ties, but the full effect has yet to be determined. [...] Current U.S. policy seeks to coordinate with Saudi leaders on regional issues and help them respond to domestic economic and security challenges. Time will tell whether U.S. initiatives and, more importantly, Saudi leaders' decisions will ensure stability. Shared security challenges have long defined U.S.-Saudi relations, and questions about Saudi domestic and foreign policy may become more pertinent as leadership changes occur in the kingdom and as conflicts and competition continue in the Middle East region. Saudi leaders' assertiveness in confronting perceived threats and the effects of their sharpening tensions with Iran could affect U.S. security interests, including with regard to Yemen, Egypt, Bahrain, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran. Congress may examine these developments when considering the scope, terms, and merits of ongoing U.S.-Saudi partnership, proposed arms sales, and security commitments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2016-09-20
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Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations [June 6, 2017]
"In recent years, shared concerns over Sunni Islamist extremist terrorism and Iranian government policies have provided some renewed logic for continued strategic cooperation. Political upheaval and conflict in the Middle East and North Africa appear to have strained bilateral ties, but the Trump Administration has stated its intent to strengthen ties to the kingdom. Successive U.S. Administrations have referred to the Saudi government as an important partner, and U.S. arms sales and related security cooperation programs have continued with congressional oversight and amid some congressional opposition [...] U.S. policymakers have sought to coordinate with Saudi leaders on regional issues and help them respond to domestic economic and security challenges. Saudi authorities are attempting to reorient and revitalize the nation's economy, while streamlining public expenditure. Shared security challenges have long defined U.S.-Saudi relations, and questions about Saudi domestic and foreign policy may become more pertinent as leadership changes occur in the kingdom and as conflicts and competition continue in the Middle East region. Saudi leaders' assertiveness in confronting perceived threats and the effects of their sharpening tensions with Iran could affect U.S. security interests, including with regard to Yemen, Egypt, Bahrain, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. Congress may examine these developments when considering the scope, terms, and merits of ongoing U.S.-Saudi partnership, proposed arms sales, and security commitments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2017-06-06
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Biological Warfare Improved Response Program: Executive Summary: 1998 Summary Report on BW Response Template and Response Improvements
The work reported here was started in April 1998 and completed in December 1998. The work was performed as a part of the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Domestic Preparedness Program. This report presents results of an analysis of domestic response to an act of biological terrorism. Findings contained in the report will be reduced to practice and tested before they are offered to U.S. cities for their possible adaptation and implementation. This report suggests future work to validate findings, fill gaps and assess other aspects of biological domestic preparedness. The BW IRP team identified the need for and proceeded to formulate a generic BW Response Template that embodies the concepts and the specific activities that a city could perform to respond effectively to a BW incident. The template, described in detail in the report, is a listing of activities that would need to be performed to respond to major BW terrorist incident. These are organized into groups that we refer to as components of the response template. Together the components represent an integrated response system. The Team developed timelines for each response activity in order to
see how the activities could work together to deal with the dynamics of the onset of casualties for different attack scenarios. The Team then analyzed the personnel and material resources needed to perform each response activity. Lastly, the Team estimated the sources and timing of personnel resources from local, State, and Federal assets in order to determine the overall practicality of the response template and identify shortfalls. Throughout, the Team took a "bottom up" approach and let the problem drive the solution.
U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command
1999-03-10
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Program Overview of the Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP)
Slide set by U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)/Office of Justice Programs (OJP)/Office for Domestic Preparedness on the Office of Domestic Preparedness (ODP). ODP's mission is to develop and enhance the capacity of State and local governments to prepare for and respond to threats or acts of terrorism involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. Its philosophy is that domestic Preparedness programs should be information-driven, based on specific requirements identified through an assessment process, and responsive to state and local needs. Slide set also provides information on ODP's strategies and their training, equipment and technical assistance programs.
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Domestic Preparedness
Kaufman, David
2002-02-27
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NNSA Fact Sheet: Securing Domestic Radioactive Material
This document is a National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Fact Sheet. From the document: "In April 2009, President Obama outlined an ambitious agenda to secure vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years, calling the danger of a terrorist acquiring nuclear weapons 'the most immediate and extreme threat to global security.' In this year's State of the Union, he called the threat of nuclear weapons, 'the greatest danger to the American people.' The President's FY 2012 budget request provides the resources required to implement that agenda. It requests $2.5 billion in FY 2012 and $14.2 billion over the next five years to reduce the global nuclear threat by detecting, securing, safeguarding, disposing and controlling nuclear and radiological material, as well as promoting the responsible application of nuclear technology and science. In addition to securing nuclear material around the world, the National Nuclear Security Administration [NNSA] plays a key role in the U.S. government's comprehensive effort to secure radiological material here at home. NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) oversees two programs aimed at securing radioactive materials in the United States. NNSA/GTRI's Domestic Material Protection program collaborates with partner sites like hospitals and universities to provide voluntary security enhancements to prevent terrorists from acquiring in----use radiological materials. NNSA/GTRI's Domestic Radiological Material Removal Program removes radiological sources that are no longer being used for disposal or secure storage. Taken together with the President's commitment to partner with the international community to secure vulnerable nuclear and radiological material around the world, these domestic security programs demonstrate this Administration's commitment to protecting the American people from nuclear terrorism."
United States. National Nuclear Security Administration
2011-02-01
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National Exercise Schedule (NEXS)
"The U.S. Department of Homeland Security recognizes that unifying exercise collection under one system reduces the reporting responsibilities of Federal, State and local governments. In June of 2004, the Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) began collaborating on the implementation of a single exercise scheduling and reporting system (June 2004 memo is attached). To date, FEMA, along with several additional government agencies, has adopted the ODP Secure Portal Exercise Scheduler as the single location for gathering and managing unclassified Federal, State, and local exercise schedule information. The Fiscal Year 2005 Homeland Security Grant Program (i.e., State Homeland Security Program and Urban Area Security Initiative) and Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) require that States and urban areas produce, and update annually, a Multi-year Exercise Plan and schedule. These schedules must be entered and updated in the ODP Secure Portal Exercise Scheduler (https://odp.esportals.com). It is imperative that States reflect all exercises (technological, terrorism, and natural disasters) planned in their respective jurisdictions (e.g., ODP, REP [Radiological Emergency Preparedness], CSEPP [Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program], CDC [Centers for Disease Control], HRSA [Health Resources and Services Administration], TSA [Transportation Security Administration], etc.)."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of State and Local Government Coordination & Preparedness
Mayer, Matt A.
2005-06-17
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Long and Winding Road: Post-9/11 Intelligence Reforms a Decade Later
From the thesis abstract: "The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, collectively constitute the most significant bureaucratic shakeup of the national security apparatus since the National Security Act of 1947. Roughly 10 years following the creation of DHS, questions linger as to whether these reforms have addressed the major domestic intelligence shortfalls identified in numerous post-9/11 congressional hearings and in the final report of the 9/11 Commission. This thesis seeks to answer those questions by examining the performance of the U.S. domestic intelligence system since 9/11 along three fronts: intelligence fusion, institutional evolution, and intelligence prioritization. Citing the literature from current and former homeland security practitioners, academic experts, non-partisan analysts, and print media commentators, this paper concludes that while key measures of progress on these fronts have been observed, shortfalls within the domestic intelligence system do nevertheless remain, requiring further oversight and guidance from federal homeland security policymakers."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Johanson, David R., II
2013-03
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National Imperative to Establish a Domestic Medical Intelligence Center
"The United States does not have a centralized organization tasked with the oversight or implementation of a domestic medical intelligence program. Organizations throughout the nation have adopted a variety of definitions and operating procedures related to medical intelligence; however, they are inconsistent. Additionally, most jurisdictions limit medical intelligence to epidemiological surveillance. This thesis will propose the structure, governmental organization, data sets, and reporting for a domestic medical intelligence center. This center will require close partnership with other federal agencies and state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments. In addition, this thesis will analyze medical intelligence operations within the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center, the Department of Homeland Security Office of Health Affairs, the Metropolitan Washington Fusion Center, and the Los Angeles Terrorism Early Warning Group. As this thesis shows, the development of a domestic medical intelligence center, covering a wide range of data sets, will allow for the effective collection, integration, analysis, and dissemination of both tactical and strategic actionable intelligence for federal and SLTT governments and private sector partners. These actions will assist in addressing this significant gap and increasing our nation's level of preparedness thereby improving our nation's response to large scale incidents, both naturally occurring and man-made."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Natarajan, Nitin
2007-09
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Shaping the National Guard in a Post-War Environment
From the thesis abstract: "The National Guard of the United States is the nation's oldest military service, tracing its roots to the Massachusetts Bay Colony of 1636. Since its inception, the Guard has enjoyed a unique dual-role responsibility of supporting state and federal missions, and while serving in every war since the American Revolution, Guardsmen and women have also supported domestic operations from the southwest border to Hurricane Katrina. Today, the Guard is a fully operational reserve, and a critical part of the national security framework. While fully engaged in the Global War On Terror, the Guard has also made great strides toward becoming the lead military agency in domestic missions, which has always been a key mission of the Guard, and which sets it apart from its Title X counterparts. Recently, the Guard has achieved increased relevance and political victories highlighted by the recent National Guard Empowerment Act that gave the Chief of National Guard Bureau membership on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. As defense spending and the size of the active force is cut in a post-war environment, this thesis reviews the best future use of the Army National Guard, and offers alternative solutions for increased effectiveness, particularly in a domestic capacity."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Crofts, Shane C.
2012-09
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Turkey: Politics of Identity and Power [September 21, 2010]
"The main theme of the report is that the ongoing struggle for power in Turkey will determine the country's identity, and that will have consequences for U.S. policymakers. Turkey's secular identity has long been considered unique among majority Muslim states, as secularism was a founding principle of the modern Turkish Republic as well as the principle that has produced the most domestic political tension. The AKP [Justice and Development Party], formed in 2001, has Islamist roots but claims to be conservative and democratic. Its emergence and acquisition of power have exacerbated concerns, especially in secularist circles, about whether AKP is intent on altering Turkey's identity. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his AKP have governed in an increasingly confident manner since a court refused to ban the party for being 'a focal point of anti-secular activities' in 2008. Already in control of the executive and legislature, they have gained influence over bastions of secularism in the judiciary and military. These developments may enable the AKP to implement a domestic agenda that is more consistent with its core identity. However, the AKP has failed to deal comprehensively with a significant domestic group's struggle for recognition of its own identity--the Kurds in a majority Turkish state. The government initiated a 'Kurdish opening,' but managed it poorly, produced unfulfilled expectations, and may have contributed to an escalation in terrorism. [...] For in-depth information on the period prior to this report, see CRS Report RL34646, 'Turkey: Update on Crisis of Identity and Power', by Carol Migdalovitz."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Migdalovitz, Carol
2010-09-21
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Serial No. 112-122: WMD Terrorism: Assessing the Continued Homeland Threat, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence of the Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, November 15, 2012
This is the November 15, 2012 hearing, "WMD Terrorism: Assessing the Continued Homeland Threat" before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence. From the opening statement of Patrick Meehan: "The Aspen Institute's WMD Working Group has assessed that WMD terrorism is a continuing and serious threat to the U.S. Homeland. At today's hearing, we will hear from the Institute on where we are and where we need to go. This report reminds us that some of the building blocks for weapons of mass destruction are appropriately and legitimately used in the U.S. for medical and other peaceful purposes. So we must also ensure that certain biological, radiological, nuclear, and chemical materials never fall into the hands of domestic terrorists or others who would do us harm. [...] The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has also played a large role on ramping up the preparedness apparatus and since 2004 has spent at least $70 million developing more than 20 CBRN [Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear] risk assessments. In March of this year, this Committee marked up legislation I proposed in order to establish weapons of mass destruction intelligence and information sharing functions of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis at DHS and to require dissemination of information analyzed by the Department to entities with responsibilities relating to homeland security. This is a threat that I take very seriously, as the results of a successful CBRN attack on the homeland would be catastrophic." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Patrick Meehan, Brian Higgins, Leonard A. Cole, and Randall J. Larsen.
United States. Government Printing Office
2013
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United States' Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terror: A Military Revolution?
From the Thesis Abstract: "In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks against symbolic icons of the United States' economic and military power, then President George W. Bush launched a series of military, political and diplomatic efforts that became widely known as the Global War on Terror. Rebranded as the "Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terror" by President Barack Obama in 2009, these efforts have had a profound impact both domestically and globally. The resultant political, economic and societal effects give rise to the possibility that these operations collectively constitute a Military Revolution. The absence of a universally-agreed upon definition for a Military Revolution provides an exciting opportunity to consider various authors' theories and provide a fresh look at this intriguing concept. Subsequent analysis seeks to compare the U.S. post-9/11 response to terrorism with historical examples and consider the evidence to determine how these events have affected the United States politically, economically and socially."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
O'Leary, David R.
2014-01
