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Fact Sheet: Making America Safer by Strengthening Our Intelligence Capabilities
This fact sheet outlines President Bush's decision to create the new position of National Intelligence Director (NID) and to establish a National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). The NID will serve as the President's principal intelligence advisor and the head of the intelligence community. The NID's authorities and responsibilities will further enhance the ability of the intelligence community to give the President and his advisors an integrated intelligence product on threats to national security. The NCTC will be responsible for analyzing and integrating foreign and domestic intelligence acquired from all U.S. Government departments and agencies pertaining to terrorism.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
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Forging a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
"Almost two years before the attacks of September II, 2001,the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, known as the Gilmore Commission, concluded the United States lacked a coherent, functional national strategy to guide disparate counterterrorism efforts. On February 14, 2003, President George W. Bush issued the long-awaited National Strategy For Combating Terrorism. The strategy, through its AD" tenets (deter, deny, diminish, and defend), attacks terrorists with global influence, and attempts to reduce their capabilities to that of the criminal domain." Furthermore, the strategy advocates preemption - calling for the destruction of terrorist targets wherever they can be found, before they can strike against the United States. Long gone is the strategy of deterrence and containment that characterized the era of the Cold War. The strategy worked well against the formidable Soviet threat, but proved to be ineffective against today's radical Islamic terrorist movement. Although the strategy is fairly new, this paper will examine whether it capitalizes on all tools of government. It will also determine whether the strategy is sufficient to meet changing and adaptable threats, and guide the application of finite resources to achieve critical objectives. The United States' response has predictably been through military means and although effective, has minimally capitalized on the potential of diplomatic, information, intelligence, and economic elements of national power."
Army War College (U.S.)
Mendoza, Maynard M.
2003-04
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Reforming Intelligence: The Passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
This report analyzes the history behind the passing of the 2004 Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act. "The United States Government seized its biggest opportunity to restructure the Intelligence Community in almost 60 years by passing the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. Proponents of the new act believed that only significant reform could address problems such as the inability of the Intelligence Community (IC) to detect and prevent the attacks on 11 September 2001 or to assess accurately Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) program. The new act created a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) to oversee the community's 15 components, at the time, and sought to settle debates that had raged in Washington for decades. But the shock of 9/11 and the war in Iraq finally created a unique sense of urgency. 'We have come together with a unity of purpose because our nation demands it,' stated the preface to the '9/11 Commission Report,' and instant best seller when released in July 2004. That landmark report set in motion the events that led to the passage of the act and served as a capstone to events of the precious three years--stalled bills on Capitol Hill, congressional inquiries, a close presidential election, blue-ribbon inquiries, and an active public discourse. Commission members and legislation supporters hoped that major intelligence reform would address institutional obstacles that had complicated the IC's struggles to adapt to new technologies and a changing national security environment. The new act would redraw boundaries between foreign and domestic intelligence, set new rules for intelligence and law enforcement, enhance the interplay between civilian and military intelligence, correct the shortfall in information sharing, and meet the needs of traditional and emergent intelligence functions. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA), however, almost never happened. Here is the story of how it did."
United States. Office of the Director of National Intelligence
2009-02
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Balancing the Risks, Benefits, and Costs of Homeland Security
"The cumulative increase in expenditures on U.S. domestic homeland security over the decade since 9/11 exceeds one trillion dollars. It is clearly time to examine these massive expenditures applying risk assessment and cost-benefit approaches that have been standard for decades. Thus far, officials do not seem to have done so and have engaged in various forms of probability neglect by focusing on worst case scenarios; adding, rather than multiplying, the probabilities; assessing relative, rather than absolute, risk; and inflating terrorist capacities and the importance of potential terrorist targets. We find that enhanced expenditures have been excessive. To be deemed cost-effective in analyses that substantially bias the consideration toward the opposite conclusion, the security measures would have to deter, prevent, foil, or protect each year against 1,667 otherwise successful attacks that each inflicted some $100 million in damage (more than four per day) or 167 attacks inflicting $1 billion in damage (nearly one every two days). This is in the range of destruction of what might have happened had the Times-Square bomber of 2010 been successful. Although there are emotional and political pressures on the terrorism issue, this does not relieve politicians and bureaucrats of the fundamental responsibility of informing the public of the limited risk that terrorism presents, of seeking to expend funds wisely, and of bearing in mind opportunity costs. Moreover, political concerns may be overwrought: restrained reaction has often proved to be entirely acceptable politically. And avoiding overreaction is by far the most cost-effective counterterrorism measure."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Mueller, John E.; Stewart, Mark G., 1961-
2011-08
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Block Designation Notice
"The Department of Homeland Security (the 'Department') has completed its review of the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office's (DNDO) GRaDER program as a Block, pursuant to the Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002, 6 U.S.C. §§ 441-444 (the 'SAFETY Act'), and the Regulations Implementing the Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act of 2002, 6 C.F.R. Part 25, 71 Fed. Reg. 33147, 33159 (June 8, 2006) (the 'Regulations'). Pursuant to Section 25.3 of the Regulations, the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security has delegated her responsibilities, powers, and functions under the SAFETY Act, except the authority to declare that an act is an Act of Terrorism for purposes of Section 444(2) of the SAFETY Act, to the 'Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department of Homeland Security or the Under Secretary's designees.' The Under Secretary for Science and Technology has designated the Deputy Under Secretary for Science and Technology as another senior official who, in addition to the Under Secretary for Science and Technology, has authority to make SAFETY Act determinations regarding Designations, Certifications, and other matters in accordance with the SAFETY Act and the Regulations."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2011-05-24
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Lone Wolf Threat: A Different Approach
From the thesis abstract: "Domestic and international terrorism has arrived on the home front of the U.S. However, there is an emergent aspect to the terrorism threat that is rearing its head, the Lone Wolf. In developing a methodology and analytical model to combat this asymmetric and almost undetectable terrorist, four case studies are examined of lone wolf terrorism. From these case studies, and using the maturation of radical intent methodology presented, an analytical model with trigger points are revealed where the lone wolf can become visible and a Golden Moment is identified in which intelligence communities and law enforcement agencies can employ asymmetric strategic approaches to aid in interdicting the lone wolf terrorist."
Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.). Joint Advanced Warfighting School
Holder, James M.
2016-03-24
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Stemming the Growth: Exploring the Risk Factors in Group Membership in Domestic Street Gangs and Foreign Terrorist Organizations
From the thesis abstract: "Despite law enforcement's best efforts, terrorist groups are expanding at alarming rates. One of the easiest ways to prevent terrorist attacks is to prevent individuals from joining terrorist organizations. Counter-terrorism programs that effectively reduce membership, reduce association and increase desistance to terror groups will undoubtedly reduce terror incidents. This research identifies risk factors that greatly influence an individual's decision to join a terrorist group; policy makers can use this information to design new policies aimed at prevention and intervention. If the U.S. government is looking for community-oriented solutions to criminal groups, it need look no further than the study of domestic street gangs. There is vast research into theories, strategies and programs that policy makers can reference. Because these models already exist for street gangs, the government need not waste time developing new strategies from scratch. This research discovered the group dynamic and processes that exist for street gangs exits similarly for terrorist organizations. It is the hope that this research lends new direction to the developing policies and de-radicalization strategies that are currently underway."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Dooley, Daniel A.
2015-09
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U.S. Department of Homeland Security Strategic Framework for Countering Terrorism and Targeted Violence: Public Action Plan
From the Introduction: "The United States faces increasingly complex threats from terrorism and targeted violence. Both continue to pose a grave threat in ways that have evolved dramatically in the nearly two decades since the 9/11 attacks. Although foreign terrorist organizations remain intent on striking our Homeland, we also face a growing threat from domestic actors. Our enemies seek to spur violence in our communities and divide our society. Combating terrorism and targeted violence requires the combined efforts of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS or Department), our Federal and state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) government partners and civil society. To address these threats, in September 2019, the Department adopted the 'Strategic Framework for Countering Terrorism and Targeted Violence' (CTTV Framework) and has now finalized this corresponding Public Action Plan and an extensive internal Implementation Plan. Collectively, these three documents describe specific actions and milestones to achieve the CTTV Framework's goals. These documents will help guide our activities as we adapt to and confront the complex and ever-evolving challenges our Nation faces."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2020-09
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Terrorist Defectors: Are We Ready? Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, February 4, 1992
This is the February 4, 1992 hearing on "Terrorist Defectors: Are We Ready?," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. From the Opening Statement of Senator Lieberman: "This morning the Committee on Governmental Affairs will be exercising its jurisdiction over interagency coordination, particularly in the areas of national security and law enforcement. As such, we will be reviewing the effectiveness of our Nation's efforts to attract terrorist defectors and to gain the cooperation of people with information about past and future terrorist acts. As we learned at this Committee's hearing last July on our Nation's domestic and international counter-terrorism efforts in the wake of the Gulf War, obtaining information on the inner workings of terrorist networks is by far the most effective way to counter terrorism. In fact, in the world of terrorism there is just no substitute for good intelligence and particularly intelligence from the inside." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Adnan Awad, Neil J. Galagher, Howard Safir, and Victoria Toensing.
United States. Government Printing Office
1992
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National Counterterrorism Center: Implementation Challenges and Issues for Congress [March 16, 2005]
"The purpose of this report is to outline the commonalities and potential differences between EO 13354 and P.L. 108-458, as these conceptual differences could be meaningful in the implementation process of P.L. 108-458 and/or should the issue of intelligence reform be re-visited by the 109th Congress. The report examines some aspects of the law related to the NCTC, including the relationship between the NCTC's Director and the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), which may have implications related to policy and implementation of an effective and efficient nationally coordinated counterterrorism function. Moreover, the report examines several issues that may be of interest to Congress as the NCTC matures and evolves, including potential civil liberties implications of collocating operational elements of the traditional foreign intelligence and domestic intelligence entities of the U.S. Intelligence Community. While the appointment and confirmation of a DNI may resolve some of the uncertainty regarding the NCTC, the NCTC is only one of a myriad of complex issues that will be competing for the time and attention of the recently nominated DNI."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Masse, Todd
2005-03-16
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9/11 Commission and a National Counterterrorism Center: Issues and Options for Congress [Updated October 22, 2004]
"The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (hereafter 9/11 Commission) issued its 'Final Report' in July 2004. As one of its 41 recommendations, the 9/11 Commission recommended the creation of a National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). As proposed by the commission, an NCTC would have two primary functions - intelligence and joint operational planning. The director of an NCTC would be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and would report to the commission's proposed new National Intelligence director. On August 27, 2004, the President signed an executive order establishing the NCTC. Legislatively, there are numerous bills which have proposes the codification of an NCTC. This report, which will be updated, examines a number of issues as Congress considers codification of an NCTC. One issue is whether the centralization remedy the commission has recommended fits the problems associated specifically with the 9/11 intelligence failure and, perhaps more broadly, the systemic maladies affecting the Intelligence Community. While some say centralization is a remedy for lack of intelligence coordination, particularly across the foreign/domestic divide, others say it may have an unintended effect of creating a 'Groupthink' bias, or an inclination of groups working under pressure to bolster information which supports the group's perceived conclusion, while discounting contradictory information."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Masse, Todd
2004-10-22
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Algeria: Current Issues [July 3, 2008]
"The situation in Algeria is fluid. President Abdelaziz Bouteflika was reelected in 2004 with some manipulation of the political process but without blatant fraud. The voice of the military, the most significant political force since independence, has been muted. Yet, low voter turnout in the May 2007 parliamentary election indicated lack of public faith in the political system. Domestic terrorism persists and Algerians continue to be linked to terror abroad. The U.S. State Departments lists the two Algerian groups as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Terrorism provides a rationale for Algeria's uneven human rights record. Oil and gas revenues are growing, but social investment lags. Bouteflika has energized foreign policy and broadened cooperation with the United States. This report will be updated if warranted. See also CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RS20962, 'Western Sahara: Status of Settlement Efforts.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Migdalovitz, Carol
2008-07-03
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Pakistan-U.S. Relations: A Summary [May 16, 2011]
"This report summarizes important recent developments in Pakistan and in Pakistan-U.S. relations. These include high-profile political assassinations earlier in 2011, the Raymond Davis affair involving a CIA operative accused of murder in the city of Lahore, and the May killing of Osama bin Laden in the military cantonment city of Abbottabad, among others. Obama Administration engagement with Pakistan has been seriously disrupted by recent events. A brief analysis of the current state of Pakistan-U.S. relations illuminates the main areas of contention and uncertainty. Vital U.S. interests related to links between Pakistan and indigenous American terrorism, Islamist militancy in Pakistan and Islamabad's policies toward the Afghan insurgency, Pakistan's relations with historic rival India, nuclear weapons proliferation and security, and the troubled status of Pakistan's domestic setting are reviewed. Ongoing human rights concerns are briefly summarized, and the report closes with discussion of U.S. foreign assistance to Pakistan. [...] The May 2011 revelation that Al Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden had enjoyed apparently years-long and relatively comfortable refuge inside Pakistan has led to intensive U.S. government scrutiny of the now deeply troubled bilateral relationship, and has sparked much congressional questioning of the wisdom of existing U.S. foreign assistance programs to a government and nation that may not have the intention and/or capacity to be an effective U.S. partner. Pakistan is among the leading recipients of U.S. aid both in FY2010 and in the post-9/11 period, having been appropriated more than $20 billion in assistance and military reimbursements since 2001. With anti-American sentiments and xenophobic conspiracy theories remaining rife among ordinary Pakistanis, persistent economic travails and a precarious political setting combine to present serious challenges to U.S. decision makers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kronstadt, K. Alan
2011-05-16
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U.S. Footprint on the Arabian Peninsula: Can We Avoid a Repeat of the Pullout from Saudi Arabia?
"This thesis seeks to identify a means for achieving equilibrium between the U.S. requirements for military presence in the Persian Gulf and increasingly negative domestic perceptions of U.S. foreign policies from the societies, religious establishments, and governing bodies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. Only by calibrating U.S. military presence with host GCC nation perceptions, can the United States support its national interests and foreign policies in the region. The costs and benefits of the U.S. footprint in three critical GCC countries allow U.S. policymakers to examine the undesirable withdrawal of most U.S. military forces from Saudi Arabia in 2003, the comparatively successful U.S.-Bahrain bilateral security arrangement, and the potential to establish a substantive U.S. basing structure in Oman. This understanding is fundamental to the United States' ability to protect trade, continue prosecuting the Global War on Terrorism, promote democracy, and cultivate stability from within the region."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Marone, David Paul, Jr.
2009-12
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On Killing al-Zarqawi - Does United States Policy Know Its Tool in the War on Terror?
"Much of the media-pundit and popular analysis that has followed the death of al Qaeda leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi has focused on how his death will affect the outcome of the war in Iraq. However, the emphasis on outcome is not the right approach. Al-Zarqawi's death serves a greater strategic purpose both in the war in Iraq and in the larger war on terror, when viewed as process rather than as outcome. From the premise that al-Zarqawi's death leaves the Iraqi insurgency and al Qaeda intact and capable of continuing to fight, the questions for the United States become: Does his death advance United States policy in the war in Iraq, and the overall war on terror? How successful is the United States in disrupting the processes of the Iraqi Insurgency and of al Qaeda? As a corollary, what are the domestic implications? This article argues that the answers perhaps can be found in the tools of policy that are available to the United States."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Reed, Donald J.
2006-07
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Combating Terrorism: Analysis of Federal Counterterrorist Exercises, Briefing Report to Congressional Committees
Terrorist attacks against U.S. personnel and interests domestically and abroad underscore the need for effective U.S. efforts to combat terrorism. U.S. policy and implementing guidelines call for robust, tailored, and rapidly deployable interagency teams to conduct well-coordinated and highly integrated operations. Federal agencies enhance their ability to respond to terrorist attacks by conducting exercises that train key personnel and test response teams. GAO recently briefed congressional staff on the numbers, the scenarios, and the participants involved in federal counterterrorism exercises done from June 1995 to June 1998. This report summarizes those briefings.
United States. General Accounting Office
1999-06-25
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Presidential Decision Directive 39: U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism
Presidential Directive 39 explains the U.S. policy on terrorism. "It is the policy of the United States to deter, defeat and respond vigorously to all terrorist attacks on our territory and against our citizens, or facilities, whether they occur domestically, in international waters or airspace or on foreign territory. The United States regards all such terrorism as a potential threat to national security as well as a criminal act and will apply all appropriate means to combat it."
United States. White House Office
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1995-06-21
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H. Rept. 108-724, Part 1: 9/11 Recommendations Implementation Act, Report together with Additional and Dissenting Views to Accompany H.R. 10, October 4, 2004
"The Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 10) to provide for reform of the intelligence community, terrorism prevention and prosecution, border security, and international cooperation and coordination, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. H.R. 10, the '9/11 Recommendations Implementation Act,' will help fulfill the constitutional responsibility of the Federal Government by improving the security of the United States by strengthening the organizations and authorities of the United States Intelligence Community. The '9/11 Recommendations Implementation Act' will provide for Intelligence Community and other government agency reform, improve terrorism prevention and prosecution, increase border security, and enhance international cooperation and coordination. The overall goals of this legislation are to prevent terrorist attacks against the United States and its interests and to better position our vital Intelligence Community to meet the global threats of the future. This is historic legislation the Committee believes should be supported in the bipartisan manner in which it is intended. Title I of this Act provides for Intelligence Community reform through the establishment of a strong National Intelligence Director with improved authority to manage and coordinate the Intelligence Community. The National Intelligence Director will serve as the head of the Intelligence Community and as the principal advisor on intelligence matters to the President. The NID's primary responsibility will be to coordinate the efforts of foreign and domestic intelligence functions."
United States. Government Printing Office
2004-10-04
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Presidential Decision Directive 39: U.S. Policy on Counterterrorism [Audio]
This is an audio recording of the text of Presidential Decision Directive 39. Presidential Directive 39 explains the U.S. policy on terrorism. "It is the policy of the United States to deter, defeat and respond vigorously to all terrorist attacks on our territory and against our citizens, or facilities, whether they occur domestically, in international waters or airspace or on foreign territory. The United States regards all such terrorism as a potential threat to national security as well as a criminal act and will apply all appropriate means to combat it."
United States. White House Office
1995-06-21
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Homeland Security and the United States Army
"The United States Army, Army National Guard, and Army Reserve are not involved enough in Homeland Security because our armed forces are overly committed to the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). After successful terrorist attacks on 9/11, the Bush administration created the Department of Homeland Security, and the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) as the civilian and military arms of the government charged with detecting, preventing, and deterring any domestic threats to the United States with an emphasis on terrorism. USNORTHCOM is primarily a headquarters command and does not maintain the active duty assets needed to fulfill various mission requirements. The global commitments by the active Army, Army National Guard, and Army Reserves to GWOT, both directly and indirectly, have not left enough units available to support USNORTHCOM's efforts."
US Army Sergeants Major Academy
Latter, Thomas J.; Stanley, Jon R.; Berkley, Adrianne D.
2007-11-27
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France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations [Updated January 17, 2008]
"The factors that shape French foreign policy have changed since the end of the Cold War. The perspectives of France and the United States have diverged in some cases. More core interests remain similar. Both countries' governments have embraced the opportunity to build stability in Europe through an expanded European Union and NATO. Each has recognized that terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are the most important threats to their security today. […]. Trade and investment ties between the United States and France are extensive, and provide each government a large stake in the vitality and openness of their respective economies. Through trade in goods and services, and, most importantly, through foreign direct investment, the economies of France and the United States have become increasingly integrated. Other areas of complementarity include the Balkans peace operations, the fight against terrorism, and the stabilization of Afghanistan and Lebanon -- all challenges where France has played a central role. A major split occurred over Iraq, however, with many countries either supporting or independently sharing French ideas of greater international involvement. Developments in the Middle East affect French foreign and domestic policy. France has a long history of involvement in the region, and a population of 5-6 million Muslims. Paris believes that resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict is key to bringing peace to the region. Surges in violence in the Middle East have led to anti- Semitic acts in France, mostly undertaken by young Muslims."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gallis, Paul E.
2008-01-17
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Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Considerations for Congress [October 23, 2014]
From the Document: "The Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (DPA), provides the President a broad set of authorities to ensure that domestic industry can meet national defense requirements. In the DPA, Congress has found that 'the security of the United States is dependent on the ability of the domestic industrial base to supply materials and services for the national defense and to prepare for and respond to military conflicts, natural or man-caused disasters, or acts of terrorism within the United States.' [...] This report examines some of the extensive history of the DPA, focusing primarily on its creation and most recent legislative reauthorization. This report also discusses the foremost active authorities of the DPA. Nevertheless, this report is not intended to evaluate all authorities of the DPA comprehensively. In discussing the major authorities of the DPA, this report explains how those authorities may have changed as a result of the most recent reauthorization of the law (P.L. 113-172, To reauthorize the Defense Production Act, to improve the Defense Production Act Committee, and for other purposes). This report also identifies relevant delegations of the President's DPA authorities made in Executive Order (E.O.) 13603, 'National Defense Resources Preparedness.' Finally, this report provides a brief overview of issues Congress may wish to consider in its oversight of executive branch use of DPA authorities, as well as the implementation of changes made in the most recent reauthorization. The report also discusses congressional considerations for expanding, restricting, or otherwise modifying the authorities provided by the DPA through new legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Else, Daniel H.; Brown, Jared T.
2014-10-23
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Assessment of the Fiscal Year 1997 Department of Defense Budget and Program Activities for Domestic Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction
This thesis examines Department of Defense involvement in U.S. preparedness to manage the consequences of a nuclear, radiological, biological, or chemical terrorist attack against its cities. It analyzes the establishment and implementation of the Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996 which directed the Department of Defense to assist in the training of state and local emergency response agencies involved in consequence management activities. The historical analysis focuses on the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, major terrorist incidents since 1993, international standards, and legislative and executive efforts undertaken to combat terrorism up to 1996. The $150 million Nunn Lugar Domenici amendment to the FY-97 National Defense Authorization Bill is examined in detail from introduction on the Senate floor to eventual passage and enactment. Problems and policy issues associated with resourcing and implementing the resulting Domestic Preparedness Program are treated. Although the DoD was given responsibility for implementing city training, an interagency effort ensued involving the Public Health Service, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Energy, and others. Potential weaknesses may materialize due to several characteristics of the Domestic Preparedness Program, including its novelty and uniqueness, the unorthodox legislative process by which it was established, and its complex organizational structure and temporary nature.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Guenther, Glenn R.
1997-12
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Combating Terrorism: Implementation and Status of the Department of Defense Domestic Preparedness Program, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, October 2, 1998
This the October 2, 1998 hearing on "Combating Terrorism: Implementation and Status of the Department of Defense Domestic Preparedness Program," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. From the opening statement of Mark E. Souder: "Good morning. The subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice will come to order. In light of the perceived increase in the probability of a terrorist attack on American soil involving weapons of mass destruction, today the subcommittee will examine several aspects of the Department of Defense Domestic Preparedness Program. Commonly referred to as the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici plan, it is designed to prepare local government authorities, such as police, fire, and emergency services personnel for a terrorist incident involving a chemical, biological, or nuclear weapon." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert M. Blitzer, Michael J. Dalich, Charles L. Cragin, James Q. Roberts, Robert Knouss, Richard Davis, Davi D'Agostino, Larry C. Johnson, Frank J. Cilluffo, Frederick H. Nesbitt, and Dennis J. Hastert.
United States. Government Printing Office
1999
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Terrorism in the United States 1996
"United States soil was the site of three terrorist incidents during 1996. The pipe bomb explosion during the Summer Olympic Games in Centennial Olympic Park that killed two and the robberies and bombings carried out in April and July 1996 by members of a group known as the Phineas Priesthood underscored the ever-present threat that exists from individuals determined to use violence to advance particular causes. The FBI successfully prevented five planned acts of domestic terrorism in 1996. These preventions thwarted attacks on law enforcement officials, prevented planned bombings of federal buildings, and halted plots to destroy domestic infrastructure. The explosion of TWA Flight 800 over the Atlantic Ocean near Long Island, New York, on July 17, 1996, resulted in initial speculation that a terrorist attack may have been the cause and served to highlight the potential danger terrorists pose to U.S. civil aviation. The FBI, along with the National Transportation Safety Board, devoted significant resources to the criminal investigation throughout 1996. Evidence did not implicate a criminal or terrorist act by year's-end."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1996
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TOPOFF Exercise Planning Conference Final Report
This is the final report of the TOPOFF [Top Officials] Exercise Planning Conference. From the document: "The threat of terrorism involving the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has increasingly attracted the attention of planners and emergency managers in this nation and around the world. The tragic litany -- World Trade Center, Tokyo Subway, Oklahoma City -- is far too familiar, and the potential consequences far too grave, not to command the most urgent efforts of government at all levels. While tremendous progress has been made through initiatives such as the Domestic Preparedness Program, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's WMD Coordinators, and the Public Health Service Metropolitan Medical Response System, more remains to be done. In early 1999, the United States Congress ordered the Department of Justice to conduct an exercise 'with the participation of all key personnel who would participate in the consequence management of [an actual chemical, biological, or cyber] terrorist event.'1 The exercise, to be call TOPOFF (for 'Top Officials') is intended to realistically test the Federal, State and local response and management systems. To achieve that end, the Attorney General directed the Office of Justice Programs, Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) to convene a meeting of emergency response planners and practitioners from across the nation to develop objectives for use in designing such an exercise. The participants in the meeting, held May 20-21, 1999 in Chantilly, Virginia, were invited from jurisdictions large and small representing a broad range of responder disciplines."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
1999
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Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP), Volume I: HSEEP Overview and Exercise Program Management [March 2006]
"Following the domestic terrorist attacks in 1995 and 2001 and the establishment of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2002, homeland security professionals at all levels of government and in all types of communities have prepared to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from a variety of threats to public safety. Exercises play a crucial role in preparedness, providing opportunities for emergency responders and homeland security officials to practice and assess their collective capabilities. The DHS Preparedness Directorate's Office of Grants and Training (G&T)- formerly the Office for Domestic Preparedness- is responsible for updating and disseminating the HSEEP reference volumes on behalf of DHS. The purpose of the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) is to provide common exercise policy and program guidance that constitutes a national standard for homeland security exercises. HSEEP includes consistent terminology that can be used by all exercise planners, regardless of the nature and composition of their sponsoring agency or organization. The volumes also provide tools to help exercise managers plan, conduct, and evaluate exercises to improve overall preparedness. HSEEP reflects lessons learned and best practices of existing exercise programs and can be adapted to a variety of scenarios and incidents (e.g., natural disasters, terrorism, technological disasters). The HSEEP reference volumes integrate language and concepts from the National Response Plan (NRP), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), the National Preparedness Goal, the Universal Task List (UTL), the Target Capabilities List (TCL), existing exercise programs, and prevention and response protocols from all levels of government. In the spirit of NIMS, all efforts should be made to ensure consistent use of the terminology and processes described in HSEEP."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2006-03
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Readout Of Secretary Johnson's Meeting With Republic Of Korea Minister Of Public Safety And Security Park [March 23, 2016]
On March 23, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "WASHINGTON-- Today, Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Deputy Administrator Joe Nimmich, Coast Guard Rear Admiral Mark Butt, and DHS Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Chief Diplomatic Officer Alan Bersin met with Republic of Korea Minister of Public Safety and Security Park Inyong to discuss a range of shared homeland security-related issues, including critical infrastructure protection, counterterrorism cooperation, and lessons learned on disaster management and preparedness. Secretary Johnson and Minister Park discussed the importance of domestic information sharing and coordination to prepare for and respond to disasters, including terrorist incidents. The two sides also shared lessons learned regarding effective communication with domestic stakeholders as well as means to foster unity of effort among government agencies. Both sides committed to continue dialogue and cooperation. Secretary Johnson and Minister Park emphasized opportunities for increased cooperation on emergency preparedness and management, especially between U.S. Coast Guard, FEMA, and the Republic of Korea Ministry of Public Safety and Security. Secretary Johnson underscored the Department's willingness to provide training and support to enhance international partners' emergency management capabilities while strengthening bilateral relationships."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2016-03-23
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Examining the Impact of Equipment Shortages on the National Guard's Readiness for Homeland Security, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Management, Investigations, and Oversight of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, First Session, May 24, 2007
From the opening statement of Christopher P. Carney: "The subcommittee is meeting today to receive testimony on examining the impact of equipment shortages on the National Guard's readiness for homeland security missions. [...] In nearly every major large-scale events or natural disaster that has occurred stateside, Guard soldiers are a welcome sight for those in need. They are able to bring the incredible capabilities of our military to assist in the rescue of our citizens and the recovery of our communities. Unfortunately, National Guard readiness has been compromised by rotations abroad, most notably as part of the global war on terror. It is standard operating procedure for units to deploy with their equipment. [...] While equipment readiness was not 100 percent pre-9/11, it has plummeted in the years since. Today the Guard has roughly 50 percent readiness. Unfortunately, we have already seen these numbers translate when it comes to domestic deployments. Our Guard members are ready and willing to respond to domestic events, but in some cases, are simply unable to do so. [...] I look forward to hearing from the distinguished witnesses who agreed to join us today. And I hope that Congress can work to find some solutions to these readiness issues." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher P. Carney, Mike Rogers, Bennie G. Thompson, Yvette D. Clarke, Ed Perlmutter, H. Steven Blum, C. Mark Bowen, Robert P. French, and Roger P. Lempke.
United States. Government Printing Office
2009
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Office for Domestic Preparedness Overview Briefing
This document gives an overview of the duties assigned to the Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP). The primary responsibility of ODP is to build and sustain the preparedness of the United States to reduce vulnerabilities, prevent, respond to and recover from acts of terrorism.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Domestic Preparedness
Mitchell, Andrew T.
2003-09-08
