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• DoD Cyber Crime Center [website]

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  "The Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3) sets standards for digital evidence processing, analysis, and diagnostics for any DoD [Department of Defense] investigation that requires computer forensic support to detect, enhance, or recover digital media, including audio and video. The center assists in criminal, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, and fraud investigations of the Defense Criminal Investigative Organizations (DCIOs) and DoD counterintelligence activities. It also supports safety investigations and Inspector General and commander-directed inquiries. DC3 aids in meeting intelligence community document exploitation objectives from a criminal law enforcement forensics and counterintelligence perspective. DC3 provides computer investigation training to forensic examiners, investigators, system administrators, and any other DoD members who must ensure Defense information systems are secure from unauthorized use, criminal and fraudulent activities, and foreign intelligence service exploitation. DC3 remains on the leading edge of computer technologies and techniques through research, development, testing, and evaluation applied to digital evidence processing and computer forensic analysis; and by partnering with governmental, academic, and private industry computer security officials."

  United States. Department of Defense
• Cyber Crime: Updating the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to Protect Cyber Space and Combat Emerging Threats, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, September 7, 2011

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  From the opening statement of Patrick J. Leahy: "Today the Committee is holding an important hearing on cyber crime. Protecting American consumers and businesses from cyber crime and other threats in cyber space has been a priority of this Committee for many years--I might say a bipartisan priority--and we continue that tradition today. […] Developing a comprehensive strategy for cyber security is one of the most pressing challenges facing our Nation today. […] A study released today by Symantec Corporation estimates the cost of cyber crime globally is $114 billion a year. In just the last few months, we have witnessed major data breaches at Sony, Epsilon, RSA, the International Monetary Fund, and Lockheed Martin--just to name a few. […] Our Government computer networks have not been spared. We saw the hacking incidents involving the United State Senate, and also the Central Intelligence Agency websites. We cannot ignore these threats. We cannot ignore the impact on our privacy and security. That is why the Committee will carefully examine the Obama administration's proposals for new legal tools to help law enforcement investigate and prosecute cyber crime today. […] A recent report by the computer security firm Symantec found that on any given day, an average of 6,797 websites harbor malware, or other unwanted programs. That is an increase of slightly over 25 percent since June 2011. […] We are talking about the security of our Nation and our people in cyber space, so we have to work together. Again, this is not a Democratic or Republican issue. This is something that should unite us all." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Patrick J. Leahy, James A. Baker, Chuck Grassley, Pablo A. Martinez, Laura W. Murphy, Kelly William Cobb, Leslie Harris, Fred L. Smith, Marcia Hofman, Charles H. Kennedy, Wayne T. Brough, Orin S. Kerr, Paul Rosenzweig, Berin Szoka, Gregory T. Nojeim, and Julie Stewart.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2011
• Cyber Security: Responding to the Threat of Cyber Crime and Terrorism, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, April 12, 2011

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  From the opening statement of Sheldon Whitehouse: "Today's hearing takes on a topic of vital importance: Cyber Security: Responding to the Threat of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. We live in the most connected and technologically advanced country in the world. Our electrical engineers, computer scientists, and technology companies have changed the way that the world does business, made our daily lives safer and more enjoyable, empowered free speech in repressive states, and brought the world closer together. These remarkable innovations unfortunately also have given criminals, terrorists, and hostile states new opportunities to steal American property, disrupt our way of life, and compromise our National security. American consumers are now subject to endless swindles achieved by spear phishing e-mails, malware that turns their computers into unwitting bots sending out malicious spam, or the many varieties of identity theft cooked up by cyber crooks to steal hard-working Americans' privacy and money." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jon, Kyl, Sheldon Whitehouse, Stewart A. Baker, Pablo A. Martinez, John E. Savage, Phyllis Schneck, Jason Weinstein, and Gordon M. Snow.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2011
• Cybersecurity: Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S. 2111)--A Legal Analysis [March 12, 2012]

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  "The Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S. 2111) would enhance the criminal penalties for the cyber crimes outlawed in the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). Those offenses include espionage, hacking, fraud, destruction, password trafficking, and extortion committed against computers and computer networks. S. 2111 contains some of the enhancements approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee when it reported the Personal Data Privacy and Security Act (S. 1151), S.Rept. 112-91 (2011). The bill would (1) establish a three-year mandatory minimum term of imprisonment for aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer; (2) streamline and increase the maximum penalties for the cyber crimes proscribed in CFAA; (3) authorize the confiscation of real property used to facilitate the commission of such cyber offenses and permit forfeiture of real and personal property generated by, or used to facilitate the commission of, such an offense, under either civil or criminal forfeiture procedures; (4) add such cyber crimes to the racketeering (RICO) predicate offense list, permitting some victims to sue for treble damages and attorneys' fees; (5) increase the types of password equivalents covered by the trafficking offense and the scope of federal jurisdiction over the crime; (6) confirm that conspiracies to commit one of the CFAA offenses carry the same penalties as the underlying crimes; and (7) provide that a cyber crime prosecution under CFAA could not be grounded exclusively on the failure to comply with a term of service agreement or similar breach of contract or agreement, apparently in response to prosecution theory espoused in 'Drew'. With the exception of this last limitation on prosecutions, the Justice Department has endorsed the proposals found in S. 2111. The bill has been placed on the Senate calendar. As of this date, S. 2111 has no House counterpart."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Doyle, Charles

  2012-03-12
• Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2007 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey

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  " In school year 2006--07, some 8,166,000 U.S. students ages 12 through 18, or about 31.7 percent of all such students, reported they were bullied at school, and about 940,000, or about 3.7 percent, reported they were cyber-bullied anywhere (i.e., on or off school property). These Web Tables use data from the 2007 School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to show the extent to which bullying and cyber-bullying are reported by students with different personal characteristics. Estimates are included for the following student characteristics: student sex, race/ ethnicity, grade, and household income. In addition, appended data from the 2006--07 Common Core of Data (CCD) and the 2007--08 Private School Universe Survey (PSS) show the extent to which bullying and cyber-bullying are reported by students in schools with different characteristics.2 School characteristics examined are region; sector (public or private); locale; level; enrollment size; student-to-full-time-equivalent (FTE) teacher ratio; percentage of combined American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/ Pacific Islander, Black/African American, and Hispanic/Latino students; and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Further, the tables use the SCS data to show the relationship between bullying and cyber-bullying victimization and other variables of interest such as the reported presence of gangs, guns, drugs, and alcohol at school; select school security measures; student criminal victimization; and personal fear, avoidance behaviors, fighting, and weapon-carrying at school. The tables are grouped into four sections."

  United States. Department of Education; Institute of Education Sciences (U.S.); National Center for Education Statistics

  2011-05
• Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2009 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey

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  "In school year 2008--09, some 7,066,000 U.S. students ages 12 through 18, or 28.0 percent of all such students, reported they were bullied at school, and about 1,521,000, or 6.0 percent, reported they were cyber-bullied anywhere (i.e., on or off school property). These Web Tables use data from the 2009 School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) 1 to show the extent to which bullying and cyber-bullying are reported by students with different personal characteristics. Estimates are included for the following student characteristics: student sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and household income. In addition, data appended from the 2008--09 Common Core of Data (CCD) and the 2009--10 Private School Universe Survey (PSS) show the extent to which bullying and cyber-bullying are reported by students in schools with different characteristics.2 School characteristics examined are region; sector (public or private); locale; level; enrollment size; student-to-full-time-equivalent (FTE) teacher ratio; percentage of combined American Indian/ Alaska Native, Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and students of two or more races students; and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Furthermore, the tables use the SCS data to show the relationship between bullying and cyber-bullying victimization and other variables of interest, such as the reported presence of gangs, guns, drugs, and alcohol at school; selected school security measures; student criminal victimization; and personal fear, avoidance behaviors, fighting, and weapon carrying at school. The tables are grouped into four sections."

  National Center for Education Statistics; Institute of Education Sciences (U.S.); United States. Department of Education

  2011-08
• Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2011 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey

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  "This document reports data from the 2011 School Crime Supplement (SCS) of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The Web Tables show the extent to which students with different personal characteristics report bullying and cyber-bullying. Estimates include responses by student characteristics: student sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and household income. The U.S. Census Bureau (Census) appended additional data from the 2009--10 Common Core of Data (CCD) and the 2009--10 Private School Universe Survey (PSS) to generate tables showing the extent to which bullying and cyber-bullying are reported by students in schools with different characteristics.2 School characteristics examined are region; sector (public or private); locale; level; enrollment size; student-to-full-time-equivalent (FTE) teacher ratio; percentage of combined American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/ Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and students of two or more races; and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-priced lunch. The SCS data tables show the relationship between bullying and cyber-bullying victimization and other crime-related variables, such as reported presence of gangs, guns, drugs, and alcohol at school; selected school security measures; student criminal victimization; and personal fear, avoidance behaviors, fighting, and weapon carrying at school."

  National Center for Education Statistics

  2013-08
• Impact of COVID-19 on Cyber Crime and State-Sponsored Cyber Activities

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  From the Background: "In March 2020, governments worldwide imposed curfews and rules on reducing physical social contact in order to stem the spread of the corona virus. Wherever possible, employers allowed their employees to work from home, where, more and more, private IT [information technology] devices are being used for official business. This larger IT surface is often less well protected than IT devices used at work. New programs, e.g. for conference calls and video conferences, are being introduced under time pressure, in most cases without adequate security checks. Also, there are more and more reports about cyber attacks on health-care organizations on whose proper functioning governments and societies are more dependent now than ever. What is the impact of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic on cyber security, cyber crime and state-sponsored cyber activities? How can governments reduce cyber threats and address them?"

  Konrad Adenauer Foundation

  Wiggen, Johannes

  2020-06
• DHS Unveils Major Expansion of Ice Cyber Crimes Center [July 22, 2015]

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  On July 22, 2015, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "WASHINGTON -- Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Director Sarah R. Saldaña today presided over the unveiling of a major expansion of the ICE Cyber Crimes Center in Fairfax, Va. The expanded center will provide ICE's Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) with enhanced operational and training capabilities in order to meet the growing cyber mission of the agency and increasing workload of criminal cases with a cyber-nexus. 'The men and women of Homeland Security Investigations perform critical work in combating criminals that use the computer as their weapon, perpetrating crimes ranging from child exploitation to the theft of intellectual property,' said Deputy Secretary Mayorkas. 'The development of this expanded Cyber Crimes Center provides this great workforce with the facility and tools they deserve to accomplish their mission.' In 1997, the U.S. Customs Service created the Cyber Crimes Center -- which became known as 'C3' -- in response to changing technologies and its effect on criminal trends. While C3's mission evolved dramatically since its creation, little renovation has been made since then to update the physical space. The expansion unveiled July 22 includes the build-out of a 5,000 square-foot forensic laboratory, space for coordinating large cyber operations, an evidence vault and multiple training and conference rooms."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office

  2015-07-22
• Cyber Crime: Modernizing Our Legal Framework for the Information Age, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, July 8, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation of the July 8, 2015 hearing "Cyber Crime: Modernizing Our Legal Framework for the Information Age" held before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. From the testimony of Mr. David Bitkower: "Our growing reliance on computer networks and electronic devices in almost every aspect of our lives has been accompanied by an increasing threat from individuals, organized criminal networks, and nation states that victimize American citizens and businesses. Hackers steal and hold for ransom our most valuable and personal information. They invade our homes by secretly activating webcams. They steal financial information to line their pockets while jeopardizing the financial stability of everyday Americans. A new generation of organized criminals is able to steal the personal information of millions of victims from a computer halfway around the world. These developments also pose a widespread threat to American businesses and the economy. Cyber criminals can orchestrate massive disruptions of businesses and can electronically spirit away trade secrets worth millions of dollars in seconds. Every individual has a stake in protecting computers and computer networks from intrusions and abuse. According to one report, just this past May there were over 44 million new pieces of malicious software -- or 'malware' -- created around the globe. Another report found that in 2014, there were about 24,000 ransomware attacks per day. I'll talk more about ransomware later. A study from last summer estimated that cybercrime costs the global economy approximately $400 billion annually. A study from this past May projects that, by 2019, cybercrime will cost businesses worldwide $2 trillion per year." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: David Bitkower, Doug Johnson, Jen Ellis, and Bill Wright.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary

  2015-07-08
• Serial No. 112-80: Cyber Security: Protecting America's New Frontier, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, November 15, 2011

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  This is the November 15, 2011 hearing on "Cyber Security: Protecting America's New Frontier," held before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Louis Gohmert: "I want to welcome everybody to the hearing on ''Cyber Security: Protecting America's New Frontier.'' The Internet revolutionized our society in many ways. While its benefits abound and extend from our largest corporations to remote rural regions throughout the Nation, individuals in the United States and abroad have unfortunately been able to exploit the Internet for criminal means. Cyber crime often is faceless and has proven to defy traditional investigative prosecutorial tools. As a result, the frequency of cyber crime is growing rapidly and now includes many international criminal syndicates and is threatening our economy, our safety and our prosperity. Even more worrisome are the national security implications of cyber intrusion. We in Congress are concerned that we are witnessing the opening salvos of a new kind of conflict waged in cyberspace." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Louis Gohmert, Robert C. Scott, Richard W. Downing, Michael Chertoff, James A. Baker, and Orin S. Kerr.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2012
• Readout of Secretary Napolitano's Tour of the ICE Cyber Crimes Center [October 13, 2009]

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  "Department of Homeland Security Secretary Napolitano today toured the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Cyber Crimes Center (C3)--a multifaceted facility for investigating international criminal activity conducted on or facilitated by the Internet. 'Cybersecurity is a critical part of our mission to protect our country,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'The ICE Cyber Crimes Center supports our law enforcement partners across the country through state-of-the-art technology and cutting-edge cyber crime training.'"

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office

  2009-10-13
• Privacy in the Digital Age: Preventing Data Breaches and Combating Cyber Crime, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, Tuesday, February 4, 2014

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  This is a hearing titled " Privacy in the Digital Age: Preventing Data Breaches and Combating Cyber Crime" held on February 4, 2014 before the Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Senator Patrick J. Leahy: "We are going to meet to examine how we can protect Americans from the growing dangers of data breaches and cyber crime in the digital age. Safeguarding American consumers and businesses from data breaches and cyber crime has been a priority of this Committee since 2005. For years, we tried to make sure that everybody understands this is not a Democratic or Republican issue. I have worked closely with Members on both sides of the aisle to advance meaningful data privacy legislation. In fact, I want to thank Senator Grassley for working with me very closely on this hearing, and I hope we can continue working together to advance the Personal Data Privacy and Security Act that I recently reintroduced to protect American consumers. [...] So before the Judiciary Committee today are representatives of Target and Neiman Marcus, as well as Consumers Union and Symantec. Later we will hear from the U.S. Secret Service, the Department of Justice, and the Federal Trade Commission." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Milligan, Michael R. Kingston, Delara Derakhshani, Fran Rosch, Edith Ramirez, William Noonan and Mythili Raman.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015
• Statement of Shawn Bray, Unit Chief, Cyber Crimes Center, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security, Before the U.S.Helsinki Commission, June 17, 2008

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  This is the testimony of Shawn Bray, the Unit Chief of the Cyber Crimes Center at U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), who testified before the U.S. Helsinki Commission, in order to "discuss ICE's authorities and responsibilities with respect to investigating U.S. trans-border child sexual exploitation crimes." One of the programs used by ICE is "Operation Predator,"- "an ongoing ICE initiative focused on the trans-border aspects of child exploitation, including the related financial crimes. It is designed to identify and investigate those engaged in Internet child pornography, including the criminal business conspiracies that support this illicit trade. [...] ICE's Cyber Crimes Center is dedicated to working to identify all individuals involved in international criminal organizations and component groups that conduct every type of activity associated with trans-border child exploitation."

  U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

  2008-06-17
• Cyber Threats, Law Enforcement and Private Sector Responses, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 8, 2013

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  This is the May 8, 2013 hearing before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism entitled "Cyber Threats: Law Enforcements and Private Sector Responses." From the opening statement of Jenny A. Durkan: "As United States Attorney, I see the full range of threats our communities and nation face. Few things are as sobering as the daily cyber threat briefing I receive. Cyberspace is the new frontier. We have witnessed the rapid creation of incredible businesses, lifesaving technologies, and new ways to connect society. Unfortunately, the 'good guys' are not the only innovators. We have seen a significant growth in the number and nature of bad actors exploiting new technology. As Attorney General Holder has noted, '[f]rom criminal syndicates, to terrorist organizations, to foreign intelligence groups, to disgruntled employees and other malicious intruders, the range of entities that stand ready to execute and exploit cyber attacks has never been greater.' Threats to the nation's computer networks and cyber systems continue to evolve, as the nature and capabilities of those responsible for the threats evolve. Over the last several years, investigators and prosecutors have seen significant increases in the skills of threat actors and the complexity of their organizations. These actors have a variety of aims and motivations." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Cheri McGuire, Stewart Baker, Kevin Mandia, Joseph Demarest, Jr., and Jenny Durkan.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013-05-08
• Cyber-Security Enhancement and Consumer Data Protection Act of 2006: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 5318, May 11, 2006

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  From the opening statement of Howard Coble: "Any legislation to enhance cyber-security should begin, it appears to me, with three core principles. First, it should create a strong deterrent to prevent past crimes from being repeated and prevent future attempts to develop new criminal techniques that could be used to exploit the Internet and its users. The one thing we know about Internet fraudsters is that they are a sophisticated and intelligent group of criminals. Secondly, it must protect consumers' personally identifiable data, which, in one way or another, is the ultimate target of all cyber criminals. Finally, we must provide the Department of Justice and private sector with the necessary resources to investigate and prosecute cyber-criminals." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Howard Coble, Robert C. Scott, Lara H. Parsky, Joseph LaRocca, Anne Wallace, and Susanna Montezemolo.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2006
• Cyber Attack! Crime or Act of War?

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  From the thesis abstract: "In order to determine between crimes and acts of war for certain activities in cyberspace, the United States government must use national and international law, expert opinion, and logic. Since there are few existing rules or norms for cyber warfare, existing laws and norms must be examined and interpreted to develop guidance for responses to cyber attacks. A possible decision model incorporating this guidance is Schmitt's Analysis which should be adopted by the United States government to ensure that advice to the President regarding cyber attacks is consistent with international law."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Keely, David M.

  2011-04-13
• Going Viral: Heightened Cyber and Corporate Crime Risks in the COVID-19 Pandemic

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  From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak has posed an unprecedented challenge - not just for individuals and governments, but also corporates seeking to navigate unchartered waters in the widespread disruption caused by the global pandemic. Operational challenges aside, the unique circumstances of the pandemic have also presented opportunities for cyber and corporate criminal activity. In this article, we explain how the ongoing pandemic presents corporates with further risks from four key corporate crime threats, namely, (1) cyber scams, (2) cyber attacks, (3) corrupt activity and (4) fraudulent conduct. As corporates grapple with economic survival in this pandemic they should also actively inoculate themselves against these risks by continuing to educate their employees about fraudulent schemes and corruption risks, ensuring 'compliance as usual' and undertaking fact-finding enquiries promptly."

  Norton Rose Fulbright

  2020-07
• Cybersecurity: Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S. 2111, 112th Congress)- A Legal Analysis [January 28, 2013]

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  "The Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S. 2111) would enhance the criminal penalties for the cybercrimes outlawed in the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). Those offenses include espionage, hacking, fraud, destruction, password trafficking, and extortion committed against computers and computer networks. S. 2111 contains some of the enhancements approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee when it reported the Personal Data Privacy and Security Act (S. 1151), S.Rept. 112-91 (2011). The bill would (1) establish a three-year mandatory minimum term of imprisonment for aggravated damage to a critical infrastructure computer; (2) streamline and increase the maximum penalties for the cybercrimes proscribed in CFAA; (3) authorize the confiscation of real property used to facilitate the commission of such cyberoffenses and permit forfeiture of real and personal property generated by, or used to facilitate the commission of, such an offense, under either civil or criminal forfeiture procedures; (4) add such cybercrimes to the racketeering (RICO) predicate offense list, permitting some victims to sue for treble damages and attorneys' fees; (5) increase the types of password equivalents covered by the trafficking offense and the scope of federal jurisdiction over the crime; (6) confirm that conspiracies to commit one of the CFAA offenses carry the same penalties as the underlying crimes; and (7) provide that a cybercrime prosecution under CFAA could not be grounded exclusively on the failure to comply with a term of service agreement or similar breach of contract or agreement, apparently in response to prosecution theory espoused in 'Drew.' With the exception of this last limitation on prosecutions, the Justice Department has endorsed the proposals found in S. 2111."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Doyle, Charles

  2013-01-28
• Cyber Crime: An Existential Threat to Small Business, Hearing Before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, March 13, 2019

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  This is the March 13, 2019 hearing on "Cyber Crime: An Existential Threat to Small Business" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. From the opening statement of Marco Rubio: "This hearing will discuss one of the most challenging issues facing small businesses: cybersecurity. It's hard enough for small businesses to get up and running with changing markets, regulatory hurdles, and the cost of starting a business, but cyberattacks can bring a quick end to all of one's hard work. Foreign hackers and other cyber criminals are increasingly targeting small businesses to steal their intellectual property, trade secrets, and valuable information, and an equally nefarious practice is to hold hostage small businesses' operational and customer data in order to get a ransom payment. [...]The risk of cybercrime is greater to small businesses, which lack, many cases, the dedicated IT [Information Technology] staff, the sophisticated equipment that larger companies have in order to try and stay safe. [...] Consequences of cybercrime are also greater for small businesses, which operate on a smaller profit margin and are not always able to bounce back after a costly attack." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Maria Roat, Charles Romine, Stacey Smith, Elizabeth Hyman, and Karen A. Harper.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019
• Department of Defense Directive 5505.13E: DoD Executive Agent (EA) for the DoD Cyber Crime Center (DC3)

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  This Department of Defense (DoD) Directive "directs the establishment of DC3 [DoD Cyber Crime Center] as an entity within the Department of the Air Force and establishes the functions of DC3. [It also d]esignates the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) as EA [executive agent] for DC3, including its subordinate digital and multimedia forensics laboratory services and cyber investigative training services."

  United States. Department of Defense

  2010-03-01
• Department of the Navy: Cyber Crime Handbook

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  This Department of the Navy Cyber Crime Handbook "provides an overview of the definitions, criminal techniques, electronic laws, incident reporting and responses regarding cyber threats to DON personnel and the Department's global network infrastructure."

  United States. Naval Criminal Investigative Service

  2008-07-28
• Serial No. 113-14: Investigating and Prosecuting 21st Century Cyber Threats, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, March 13, 2013

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  This is the March 13, 2013 hearing, "Investigating and Prosecuting 21st Century Cyber Threats," before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations. From the opening statement of F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.: "Today's hearing will investigate our focus on how America investigates and prosecutes 21st century cyber threats. The United States has been the subject of the most coordinated and sustained computer attacks the world has ever seen. Rival nations, particularly China, have been invading corporate computer systems and stealing intellectual property at an increasing rate. Spying between governments has always been a fact of life, but in the digital age the spying is more pervasive and harder to guard against. The systematic and strategic theft of intellectual property by foreign governments threatens one of America's most valuable commodities, our innovation and hard work." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr., Robert C. Scott, John Conyers, Jr., Bob Goodlatte, Jenny S. Durkan, John Boles, Robert Holleyman and Orin Kerr.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013
• Legislative and Regulatory Task Force Report: Penalties for Internet Attacks and Cyber Crime

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  The President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee's (NSTAC) Legislative and Regulatory Task Force (LRTF) was tasked with identifying existing legal penalties for prosecuting those committing intentional and malicious attacks on the Internet. It then made recommendations about whether current penalties should be strengthened and/or whether additional penalties were needed. This report represents the NSTAC's recommendations regarding cyber crime laws.

  United States. President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee

  2003-02
• H. Rept. 114-345, Part 1: Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 3490, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, November 19, 2015

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  From Purpose and Summary: "This bill amends the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to establish in the Department of Homeland Security a National Computer Forensics Institute to be operated by the U.S. Secret Service for the dissemination of homeland security information related to the investigation and prevention of cyber and electronic crime, including threats or acts of terrorism, to educate, train, and equip State, local, tribal, and territorial law enforcement officers, prosecutors, and judges."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015-11-19
• United States Secret Service Signs Partnership Agreement with Italian Officials Establishing the First European Electronic Crimes Task Force: New Task Force to Combat Transnational Cyber Crime [July 6, 2009]

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  In this Press Release the United States Secret Service announces: "Creating the first European Electronic Crimes Task Force, the United States Secret Service has signed a memorandum of understanding with Italian police and postal officials to combat cybercrime. The task force, based on the U.S. Secret Service's highly successful domestic Electronic Crimes Task Force model, will be based in Rome, Italy, to provide a forum through which U.S. and European law enforcement agencies, the private sector and academia can collaborate to investigate, suppress and prevent computer-related crimes."

  United States. Secret Service

  2009-07-06
• Assessing Technology, Methods, and Information for Committing and Combating Cyber Crime

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  "The goal of this report is to provide key insights to the law enforcement community on how to upgrade basic abilities to effectively investigate computer crimes. This report is designed to reduce the 'skill distance' between what computer criminals have learned to successfully commit their crimes and what law enforcers need to know to successfully bring these offenders to justice. By presenting this information in a clear, structured form, we believe great inroads can be made to gain a competitive edge over those who would misuse technology for criminal gain. The information contained in this report serves as a valuable guide to computer crime investigators. Properly implemented, the information should prove instrumental in controlling and preventing the highly damaging crimes committed against large portions of the general public and business community, crimes that, not long ago, would have been impossible to achieve with the ease with which it they can be achieved today."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2003-01
• Public Law 115-76: Strengthening State and Local Cyber Crime Fighting Act of 2017

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  From the Document: "An Act [t]o amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize the National Computer Forensics Institute, and for other purposes."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017-11-02
• DOD Cyber Crime Center (DC3) Vulnerability Disclosure Program (VDP) Annual Report 2019, Volume 1

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  From the Document: "While 2019 has arguably been our most successful year to date it is equally important to highlight several of our future goals that we hope will bring great value to the program and the defense of our nation's digital assets. The DoD VDP [Vulnerability Disclosure Program] has developed three distinct lines of effort (LOEs) to strategically drive towards. This allows us to narrow our focus and better align our resources while continuing to provide the same world-class service to the Warfighter."

  United States. Department of Defense

  2019
• Financial Crime in Times of Covid-19 - AML and Cyber Resilience Measures

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  From the Highlights: "'[1] Criminals are exploiting vulnerabilities opened up by the Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] lockdown, increasing the risks of cyber attacks, money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF). [2] Authorities worldwide have responded by drawing financial institutions' attention to these threats and by providing guidance on ways to improve cyber security and mitigate ML and TF risks. [3] Financial authorities are warning financial institutions to be particularly watchful in relation to their IT [information technology] networks and non-public data; third-party risk; and cyber security incident response plans; and to focus additional effort on staff training and awareness. [4] Financial authorities also emphasise the need for financial institutions to be vigilant of new ML and TF risks and to continue meeting anti-money laundering (AML) and combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) requirements, while using the flexibility built into the AML/CFT risk-based framework, digital customer on-boarding and simplified due diligence processes. [5] In both areas, the official guidance underscores the trade-offs between expecting financial institutions to enhance or adjust their cyber resilience and AML frameworks and, on the other hand, avoiding imposing an excessive burden that could hinder financial institutions in delivering key financial services.'"

  Bank for International Settlements

  Crisanto, Juan Carlos; Prenio, Jermy

  2020-05