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Impeachment Process in the Senate [Updated January 21, 2020]
From the Document: "After the House impeaches a federal officer, the Senate conducts a trial to determine if the individual should be removed from office. The Senate has a set of rules specific to the conduct of an impeachment trial, most of which originated in the early 19th century. The impeachment rules lay out specific steps that the Senate takes to organize for a trial. House managers (Members of the House who present the case against the impeached officer in the Senate) read the articles of impeachment on the Senate floor. The Presiding Officer and Senators take an oath to do impartial justice, and the Senate issues a 'summons' to the accused and requests that a written answer be filed. The House Managers are also invited to respond to the answer of the impeached officer."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rybicki, Elizabeth; Greene, Michael
2020-01-21
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, January 17, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Infant Mortality Attributable to Birth Defects -- United States, 2003-2017"; "Trends in Total Binge Drinks per Adult Who Reported Binge Drinking -- United States, 2011-2017"; HIV Partner Service Delivery Among Transgender Women -- United States, 2013-2017"; "Early Season Pediatric Influenza B/Victoria Virus Infections Associated with a Recently Emerged Virus Subclade -- Louisiana, 2019"; "Update: Product, Substance-Use, and Demographic Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients in a Nationwide Outbreak of E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury -- United States, August 2019-January 2020"; "Notes from the Field: Multistate Outbreak of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus -- United States, 2019"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Emergency Department Visits for Pain at Which Opioids Were Given or Prescribed, by Geographic Region of the Hospital -- United States, 2005-2017."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-01-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4864, Global Child Thrive Act of 2020
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on December 18, 2019. From the Document: "H.R. 4864 would authorize the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to support global activities related to early childhood development. In addition, the bill would require USAID to direct other federal agencies to promote--to the extent practical--early childhood development through their foreign assistance programs. The bill also would require USAID to report to the Congress on the government's progress towards meeting that goal."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2964, War Risk Insurance Extension Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on December 11, 2019. From the Document: "S. 2964 would reauthorize the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Aviation War Risk Insurance Program through December 31, 2020. The program provides free insurance to certain air carriers engaged in operations that are deemed essential to the foreign policy or national security interests of the United States. Under current law, the FAA is authorized to issue such insurance through September 30, 2023. Because the insurance may be offered under current law through December 31, 2020, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 2964 would have no effect on the federal budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-17
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections [Updated January 17, 2020]
From the Document: "This report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables organized by region, that include the date of each country's independence, the name of the most recently elected president or prime minister, and the projected date of the next presidential election. Information in this report was gathered from numerous sources, including the U.S. State Department, Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) World Fact Book, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Davis-Castro, Carla Y.; DeBruyne, Nese F.
2020-01-17
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China's Corporate Social Credit System [Updated January 17, 2020]
From the Document: "China's construction of a nationwide social credit system has been identified as a major concern by both the executive branch and some Members of Congress, because of the broad controls such a system is likely to give the Chinese government over U.S. citizens and companies operating in China. Recent reports of Chinese officials invoking the social credit system to pressure U.S. firms to take positions that align with Beijing's interests raise questions for Congress about how to respond to the potential threat the system may pose to U.S. firms operating in China."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sutherland, Michael D.
2020-01-17
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Conflict in Mali [Updated January 17, 2020]
From the Document: "Mali has faced severe security and governance challenges since a northern separatist rebellion, an Islamist insurgency, and a military coup shook the country from 2011 to 2013. Security conditions have worsened despite a 2015 peace deal between the government and northern rebels, as an Islamist insurgency has expanded from the north into central Mali, leveraging and fomenting local tensions and resentment toward state actors. Ethnic militias--some of which appear to enjoy state backing or tacit support--have carried out large massacres, contributing to worsening insecurity. Bamako (Figure 1) has also been a target of terrorist attacks, with some targeting Western nationals. Rebel, terrorist, communal defense, and criminal networks are fluid and shifting, complicating conflict resolution."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis
2020-01-17
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International Trade and Finance: Overview and Issues for the 116th Congress [Updated January 17, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. Constitution grants authority to Congress to lay and collect duties and regulate foreign commerce. Congress exercises this authority in numerous ways, including through oversight of trade policy and consideration of legislation to implement trade agreements and authorize trade programs. Policy issues cover areas such as U.S. trade negotiations, U.S. trade and economic relations with specific regions and countries, international institutions focused on trade, tariff and nontariff barriers, worker dislocation due to trade liberalization, enforcement of trade laws and trade agreement commitments, import and export policies, international investment, economic sanctions, and other trade-related functions of the federal government. Congress also has authority over U.S. financial commitments to international financial institutions and oversight responsibilities for trade- and finance-related agencies of the U.S. government."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.; Nelson, Rebecca M.; Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias . . .
2020-01-17
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EMR-ISAC: Infogram, Volume 20 Issue 3, January 16, 2020
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Wave of struck-by deaths prompts traffic incident safety message"; "FEMA releases updated Community Lifelines resources"; "Update on vaping-related lung injuries from the CDC [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]"; "Webinar: Communication Partnerships for Public Health Emergencies"; and "Cyber Threats."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2020-01-16
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Al Shabaab [Updated January 16, 2020]
From the Doucment: "Al Shabaab (aka 'Harakat Al Shabaab Al Mujahidin,' or Mujahidin Youth Movement) is an insurgent and terrorist group that emerged in the mid-2000s amid a vacuum of state authority in Somalia. The group evolved out of a militant wing of the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), which took control of Somalia's capital, Mogadishu, in 2006. Neighboring Ethiopia, which backed Somalia's nascent transitional government, intervened militarily to oust the UIC. Al Shabaab used historical anti-Ethiopian sentiment among Somalis to attract recruits and support, including among the diaspora in the United States. Al Shabaab held much of south-central Somalia, including Mogadishu, from the late 2000s until the U.N.-authorized African Union (AU) Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) gained momentum against the insurgency in 2011-2012. Despite its territorial losses and the formation of a new federal government in Mogadishu in 2012, Al Shabaab has retained control or influence over large areas of the country."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2020-01-16
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Kenya [Updated January 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The U.S. government considers Kenya a strategic partner and key regional actor in East Africa, and critical to counterterrorism efforts in the region. Kenya is sub-Saharan Africa's third largest economy, a regional finance and transportation hub, and a top tourism destination. Its capital, Nairobi, is home to one of four major United Nations offices worldwide and serves as a base for regional humanitarian efforts. It also hosts the largest U.S. diplomatic mission in Africa. Kenya ranks among the top U.S. foreign aid recipients globally and is one of the largest African recipients of U.S. counterterrorism assistance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2020-01-16
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Defense Primer: Active Duty Enlisted Retention [Updated January 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The term 'retention' refers to the rate at which military personnel voluntarily choose to stay in the military after their obligated term of service has ended (as determined by their enlistment contract). Imbalances in the retention rate can cause problems within the military personnel system. A common retention concern is that too few people will stay in, thereby creating a shortage of experienced leaders, decreasing military efficiency, and lowering job satisfaction. This was a particular concern from 2004 to 2009, as the stress of major combat deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan raised concerns about the willingness of military personnel to continue serving. The opposite concern may also occur at times, particularly during force drawdowns: that too many people will stay in, thereby decreasing promotion opportunities and possibly requiring involuntarily separations to prevent the organization from becoming 'top heavy' with middle- and upper-level leaders or to comply with end-strength limitations. Each of these imbalances can also have a negative impact on recruiting by making the military a less-attractive career option."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence
2020-01-16
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Defense Primer: Active Duty Enlisted Recruiting [Updated January 16, 2020]
From the Document: "The Constitution provides Congress with broad powers over the Armed Forces, including the power 'To raise and support Armies' and 'To provide and maintain a Navy.' In the exercise of this authority, Congress has historically shown great interest in military recruiting, which is critical to maintaining a fully manned and capable military workforce. Congress exercises a powerful influence on recruiting through its establishment of personnel end-strength levels for the Active Components and Reserve Components. Higher end-strengths generally require a greater number of new recruits, higher rates of retention among current servicemembers, or some combination of the two. Through its oversight powers, Congress monitors the performance of the executive branch in managing the size and quality of the military workforce."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kapp, Lawrence
2020-01-16
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Department of Defense Global Health Engagement [Updated January 16, 2020]
From the Document: "Since the Spanish-American War, the Department of Defense (DOD) has conducted 'global health engagement' (GHE) to prevent certain infectious diseases from threatening U.S. national security or military operations. Early GHE in partner nations and U.S.-controlled territories included site visits by epidemiological survey teams and establishment of DOD research laboratories to conduct research and monitor emerging disease threats. As a result, DOD has played a major role in discovering and developing vaccines for numerous infectious diseases, such as yellow fever, influenza, and most recently, Ebola."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Mendez, Bryce H. P.; Tharakan, Sara M.; Lane, Emily K.
2020-01-16
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Defense Primer: Army Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) [January 16, 2020]
From the Document: "As an operational concept, Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) influence what types of weapon systems and equipment the Army procures, what types and numbers of soldiers are needed, and what type of training is required-- significant legislative concerns for Congress. In this regard, an understanding of MDO could prove beneficial for congressional oversight activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2020-01-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3830, Taxpayers Right-To-Know Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on December 19, 2019. From the Document: "H.R. 3830 would change how information about federal programs is provided online. The legislation would require that specific information about each program administered by a federal agency be available to the public on a website operated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). That information would include: [1] Expenditure data for three fiscal years, [2] Any performance reviews of the program, [3] Statutes authorizing the program, [4] Major regulations related to the program, and [5] Any federal assistance provided by the program. [...] At the conclusion of the pilot program, CBO estimates that it would cost $8 million over the 2023-2024 period for administrative expenses to develop a website that links all federal programs to existing online information, including such sites as USASpending.gov, Acquisition.gov, Grants.gov, DisasterAssistance.gov, and Regulations.gov. [...] If OMB determined that significant additional data needed to be collected from agencies to develop the proposed website, the cost to implement H.R. 3830 would be larger."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2660, Wind Energy Research and Development Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on December 18, 2019. From the Document: "S. 2660 would authorize the appropriation of $120 million annually through 2024 for the Department of Energy (DOE) to research, develop, test, evaluate, and demonstrate wind energy technologies. In 2019, the Congress allocated $92 million for DOE to conduct activities related to wind energy. For this estimate, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] assumes S. 2660 will be enacted near the end of 2020. Based on historical spending patterns for similar activities, and assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts starting in 2021, CBO estimates that implementing S. 2660 would cost $282 million over the 2021-2024 period and $198 million after 2024."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2368, Nuclear Energy Renewal Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on January 9, 2020. From the Document: "S. 2368 would amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The bill would authorize the appropriation of $741.5 million annually through 2029 for nuclear energy research, development, and the licensing of certain nuclear facilities. (In 2019, the Department of Energy (DOE) allocated $756 million of appropriated funds to carry out programs authorized by S. 2368.) Based on historical spending patterns, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 2368 would cost $2.5 billion over the 2020-2024 period and $4.2 billion after 2024."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 389, FIRST Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on December 17, 2020. From the Document: "S. 389 would authorize the Society of the First Infantry Division, a nonprofit organization, to modify the First Division Monument located on federal land in President's Park in Washington, D.C. Under the bill, the Department of the Army would provide a list of names of the soldiers killed in recent military operations that the Society of the First Infantry Division would add to commemorative plaques and stone plinths at the monument. CBO estimates that implementing S. 389 would have an insignificant cost over the 2020-2024 period; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4753, the Drone Origin Security Enhancement Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on November 19, 2019. From the Document: "H.R. 4753 would prohibit the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from operating, financing, or entering into or renewing a contract for unmanned aircraft systems (drones) that are manufactured in certain foreign countries or by certain companies, and other specific requirements. The bill would allow DHS to waive the prohibition on a case-by-case basis, subject to the approval of the Congressional homeland security committees. DHS's current operations are generally consistent with the bill's requirements, and any changes required under the bill would not require substantial action by the department. Thus, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would not have a significant cost; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4739, Synthetic Opioid Exposure Prevention and Training Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on December 9, 2019. From the Document: "H.R. 4739 would require Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to issue a strategy to protect border agents from synthetic opioids. Protection measures would include training, establishing safe handling procedures for synthetic opioids, and ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment to agents at risk of opioid exposure. CBP is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by H.R. 4739. Thus, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the act would not have a significant cost; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4761, DHS Opioid Detection Resilience Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on December 9, 2019. From the Document: "H.R. 4761 would require Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to develop a strategy to ensure that opioid screening devices can detect narcotics at certain purity levels. The act also would require CBP to develop a plan to ensure the longevity of those devices. CBP is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by H.R. 4761. Thus, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the act would not have a significant cost; any spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-15
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Women in Congress, 1917-2020: Service Dates and Committee Assignments by Member, and Lists by State and Congress [Updated January 15, 2020]
From the Summary: "In total 366 women have been elected or appointed to Congress, 247 Democrats and 119 Republicans. These figures include six nonvoting Delegates, one each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and American Samoa, and two from the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as one Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico. [...] This report includes brief biographical information, committee assignments, dates of service, district information, and listings by Congress and state, and (for Representatives) congressional districts of the 366 women who have been elected or appointed to Congress. It will be updated when there are relevant changes in the makeup of Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manning, Jennifer E.; Brudnick, Ida A.
2020-01-15
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Women in Congress: Statistics and Brief Overview [Updated January 15, 2020]
From the Summary: "A record 131 women currently serve in the 116th Congress. There are 105 women serving in the House (including Delegates and the Resident Commissioner), 90 Democrats and 15 Republicans. There are 26 women in the Senate, 17 Democrats and 9 Republicans. [...] This report includes historical information, including the number of women in Congress over time; means of entry to Congress; comparisons to international and state legislatures; records for tenure; firsts for women in Congress; women in leadership; African American, Asian Pacific American, Hispanic, and American Indian women in Congress; as well as a brief overview of research questions related to the role and impact of women in Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manning, Jennifer E.; Brudnick, Ida A.
2020-01-15
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Argentina: An Overview [Updated January 15, 2020]
From the Document: "Current President Alberto Fernández of the center-left Peronist 'Frente de Todos' (FdT, Front for All) ticket won the October 2019 presidential election and was inaugurated to a four-year term on December 10, 2019. He defeated incumbent President Mauricio Macri of the center-right 'Juntos por el Cambio' (JC, Together for Change) coalition by a solid margin of 48.1% to 40.4% but by significantly less than the 15 to 20 percentage points predicted by polls. The election also returned to government former President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, who ran on the FdT ticket as vice president. In concurrent legislative elections, the FdT won a Senate majority; in the Chamber of Deputies, the JC won the largest bloc (but not a majority) and the FdT won the second-largest bloc."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-01-15
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Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) [Updated January 15, 2020]
From the Document: "Ex-Im Bank, the official U.S. export credit agency (ECA), provides financing and insurance to facilitate the export of U.S. goods and services to support U.S. jobs, pursuant to a renewable, general statutory charter (Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, as amended; 12 U.S.C. §635 'et seq.'). It aims to provide support for U.S. exports when the private sector is unwilling or unable to do so and/or to counter foreign ECA financing. The Bank is demand-driven, fee-based, and backed by the U.S. government's full faith and credit."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Akhtar, Shayerah Ilias
2020-01-15
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Department of Homeland Security: Employee Morale Survey Scores Highlight Progress and Continued Challenges, Statement of Chris Currie Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Management, and Accountability, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "DHS is the third-largest cabinet-level department in the federal government, employing more than 240,000 staff in a broad range of jobs, including countering terrorism and homeland security threats, providing aviation and border security, emergency response, cybersecurity, and critical infrastructure protection. Since it began operations in 2003, DHS has faced challenges with low employee morale and engagement. [...] This statement addresses our past and ongoing work monitoring human capital management and employee morale at DHS and select work on employee engagement across the government. This statement is based on products GAO issued from September 2012 through May 2019 as well as GAO's ongoing efforts to monitor employee morale at DHS as part of GAO's highrisk work. For these products, GAO analyzed DHS strategies and other documents related to DHS's efforts to address its high-risk areas, interviewed DHS officials, conducted analyses of FEVS [Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey] data, and interviewed officials from other federal agencies that achieved high employee engagement scores, among other things."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Currie, Chris
2020-01-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2688, Technology Transitions Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on November 19, 2019. From the Document: "S. 2688 would formally authorize the organization, activities, and goals of the Office of Technology Transitions (OTT), an agency in the Department of Energy (DOE) that DOE established in 2015 to expand the commercial impact of the department's research investments. In 2019, the department allocated almost $9 million for OTT. The bill would require OTT to place a greater focus on commercializing technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also would require DOE to review and report to the Congress on the department's research and development programs related to reducing emissions."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2334, 21st Century Energy Workforce Act of 2019
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on October 24, 2019. From the document: "S. 2334 would require the Department of Energy (DOE) to establish a pilot program to award grants to qualifying public or nonprofit organizations that offer job training and educational programs for the energy sector. The bill would authorize the appropriation of $20 million each year over the 2020-2024 period for the pilot grant program, but CBO [Congressional Budget Office] does not estimate any outlays for the authorization for 2020 because appropriations have already been provided for this year."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01-14
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CFIUS Reform: Foreign Investment National Security Reviews [Updated January 14, 2020]
From the Overview: "Some Members of Congress, the Trump Administration, and some U.S. businesses have raised concerns over the risks to continued U.S. technological leadership to support national defense and economic security due to growing foreign direct investment (FDI), primarily by Chinese firms, in U.S. high-tech companies. On August 13, 2018, President Trump signed into law new rules governing foreign investment national security reviews. Known as the 'Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA) of 2018' (Title XVII, P.L. 115-232), the legislation amends the current process for the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) (under P.L. 110-49) to review, on behalf of the President, the national security implications of FDI in the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jackson, James K., 1949-; Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.
2020-01-14
