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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Summary of the 2020 Recovery Rebates/Economic Impact Payments in the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136), which was signed into law by President Trump on March 27, 2020, includes direct payments to individuals--referred to as '2020 recovery rebates' in the law. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) refers to the payments issued this year--2020--as economic impact payments. This Insight provides a brief overview of these direct payments. (These payments are virtually identical to those included in bill text circulated on March 22, 2020.) The 2020 recovery rebates equal $1,200 per person ($2,400 for married taxpayers filing a joint tax return) and $500 per child. These amounts phase down for higher-income taxpayers. These payments are structured as tax credits automatically advanced to households in 2020 'if they filed a 2019 income tax return' and will be received as a direct deposit or check by mail. If a 2019 return has not been filed, rebates will be advanced automatically based on 2018 return information."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 and Direct Payments to Individuals: Will Social Security and Supplemental Security Income Beneficiaries Receive the Recovery Rebate in the CARES Act? [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. 116-136) provides emergency relief measures in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Section 2201 of the CARES Act provides recovery rebates, also known as Economic Impact Payments, for most individuals, structured as automatically advanced tax credits to be disbursed by the Treasury Department. This Insight addresses the recovery rebates from the perspective of Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) beneficiaries."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morton, William R.; Davies, Paul S., 1970-
2020-04-02
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COVID-19 Stimulus Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated April 2, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters to assist their recovery from natural disasters; loan guaranty and venture capital programs to enhance small business access to capital; small business management and technical assistance training programs to assist business formation and expansion; and contracting programs to increase small business opportunities in federal contracting. Congressional interest in these programs has always been high, primarily because small businesses are viewed as a means to stimulate economic activity and create jobs, but it has become especially acute in the wake of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's widespread adverse economic impact on the national economy, including productivity losses, supply chain disruptions, major labor dislocation, and significant financial pressure on both businesses and households."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lindsay, Bruce R.; Lowry, Sean
2020-04-02
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Journal of Military Learning (April 2020)
This April 2020 edition of the Journal of Military Learning contains the following articles: "Metacognition and the Military Student: Pedagogical Considerations for Teaching Senior Officers in Professional Military Education" by Angelle A. Khachadoorian, Susan L. Steen, and Lauren B. Mackenzie; "Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Competencies
and Training Pertinent to the Military Health System" by Paul Reed, Jaimie Laib, Kandra Strauss-Riggs, and Thomas D. Kirsch; "Learning Challenges Faced by Transitioning Military Service Members: Voices of Military Transition Counselors" by Faith Stull, Michael Kirchner, and Ann Herd; "An Evidence-Based Approach to Unit-Level Teaching and Learning" by Thomas Williams; "Instructional Strategies for the Future" by Brenda Bannan, Nada Dabbagh, and J. J. Walcutt; and "The Importance of Teaching Followership in Professional Military Education" by Paul Berg.
Army University Press (U.S.)
2020-04
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H-2B Visas: Additional Steps Needed to Meet Employers' Hiring Needs and Protect U.S. Workers, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "Since 1990, there has been an annual statutory cap of 66,000 on the number of H-2B visa holders who can work for U.S. employers. DHS administers the program with support from other federal agencies including DOL [Department of Labor]. In recent years, demand for H-2B visas has exceeded the cap. To meet the needs of U.S. businesses, Congress authorized additional visas in fiscal years 2017- 2019. GAO was asked to examine the effects of the annual cap on employers and U.S. workers. This report examines, among other objectives: (1) trends in the demand for H-2B visa workers, (2) selected employers' reports of the visa cap's influence on their performance and employment of U.S. workers, and (3) how federal agencies have sought to meet employers' H-2B hiring needs and protect U.S. workers. GAO analyzed nationwide data on H-2B visas and county labor market indicators. GAO interviewed 35 H-2B employers in four industries that are among the largest users of H-2B visas. The employers were in five counties selected for variation in factors including the share of H-2B workers in the workforce and the unemployment rate. GAO also reviewed relevant federal laws, regulations, and documents and interviewed federal officials and stakeholders."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-04
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Payment Integrity: Selected Agencies Should Improve Efforts to Evaluate Effectiveness of Corrective Actions to Reduce Improper Payments, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "Improper payments, estimated at almost $175 billion for fiscal year 2019, are a significant problem in the federal government. IPIA [Improper Payments Information Act of 2002] and OMB [Office of Management and Budget] guidance directs agencies to analyze the root causes of improper payments and develop corrective actions to reduce improper payments. This report examines (1) actions that agencies took to identify root causes of improper payments for selected programs, (2) the extent to which their corrective action plans correspond to identified root causes, and (3) the extent to which they monitored progress and evaluated the effectiveness of corrective actions."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-04
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Senior Nutrition Programs' Response to COVID-19 [Updated April 1, 2020]
From the Document: "Many older adults rely on federally funded programs that provide nutrition and other supportive services in order to live independently in their communities. Amidst the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults as well as those with certain chronic conditions are at higher risk for severe illness if infected with the virus. [...] This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight provides information on the COVID-19 response for nutrition programs authorized under the Older Americans Act (OAA) and administered by the Administration for Community Living (ACL) under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Colello, Kirsten J.
2020-04-01
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Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act-Tax Relief for Individuals and Businesses [Updated April 1, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress is considering a number of proposals that seek to mitigate the economic effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, pandemic. One such proposal, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (S. 3548), was introduced in the Senate on March 19, 2020. On March 22, 2020, an updated version of the CARES Act was circulated, as a proposed amendment to H.R. 748. A cloture vote on a motion to proceed, which was designed to allow consideration of the CARES Act, was rejected on March 22.1 A third version of the CARES Act was released on March 25, 2020.2 On March 25, the Senate voted 96-0 to pass H.R. 748, having previously amended it with the CARES Act. The House passed this version of the CARES Act on March 27, 2020, and President Trump signed the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136) into law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sherlock, Molly F.; Crandall-Hollick, Margot L.; Driessen, Grant A. . . .
2020-04-01
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COVID-19: The Potential Role of TANF in Addressing the Economic Effects [Updated April 1, 2020]
From the Document: "The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant provides grants to the 50 states, District of Columbia, American Indian tribes, and certain territories with the broad purpose of ameliorating and addressing root causes of childhood economic disadvantage. Some of the flexibility the block grant affords to states has been used, and augmented by federal legislation, to address the fallout from Hurricane Katrina and the deep economic recession of 2007-2009."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Falk, Gene
2020-04-01
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Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress [April 1, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report presents background information and issues for Congress concerning the Navy's force structure and shipbuilding plans. The current and planned size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the capacity of the naval shipbuilding industry, and the prospective affordability of the Navy's shipbuilding plans have been oversight matters for the congressional defense committees for many years. [...] The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy's proposed FY2021 shipbuilding program and the Navy's longer-term shipbuilding plans. Decisions that Congress makes on this issue can substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-04-01
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Closing the Gap on Critical Medical Supplies: 4 Lines of Effort Leveraging the Strength of the Whole Community [infographic]
This infographic supports the "Closing the Gap on Critical Medical Supplies: 4 Lines of Effort Leveraging the Strength of the Whole Community" fact sheet and details FEMA's approach to stabilizing critical resource supply lines.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-03-31?
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Federal Reserve: Recent Actions in Response to COVID-19 [Updated March 31, 2020]
From the Document: "Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created significant economic disruption. In response, the Federal Reserve (Fed) has taken a number of steps to promote economic and financial stability involving the Fed's monetary policy and 'lender of last resort' roles. Some of these actions are intended to stimulate economic activity by reducing interest rates and others are intended to provide liquidity to financial markets so that firms have access to needed funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Labonte, Marc
2020-03-31
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Management Report: Improvements Needed in the Bureau of the Fiscal Service's Information System Controls Related to the Schedules of the General Fund
From the Document: "In connection with fulfilling our requirement to audit the consolidated financial statements of the U.S. government, we were engaged to perform an audit of the Schedules of the General Fund, which the Department of the Treasury's (Treasury) Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) manages, as of, and for the fiscal year ended, September 30, 2018. As reported in connection with our audit of the Schedules of the General Fund for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we identified a significant deficiency in internal control over certain Fiscal Service information systems. [...] This report presents the deficiencies identified during our fiscal year 2019 testing of information system controls over key Fiscal Service financial systems relevant to the Schedules of the General Fund. This report also includes the results of our follow-up on the status of Fiscal Service's corrective actions to address control deficiencies contained in our prior report that were not remediated as of September 30, 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-03-31
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Management Report: Improvements Needed in the Bureau of the Fiscal Service's Information System Controls Related to the Schedule of Federal Debt
From the Document: "In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the U.S. government, we audited and reported on the Schedules of Federal Debt managed by the Department of the Treasury's (Treasury) Bureau of the Fiscal Service (Fiscal Service) for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2019, and 2018. As part of these audits, we performed an assessment of key information system controls over Fiscal Service financial systems that are relevant to the Schedule of Federal Debt. [...] This report presents the deficiencies we identified during our fiscal year 2019 testing of key information system controls over Fiscal Service financial systems that are relevant to the Schedule of Federal Debt. The report also includes the results of our follow-up on the status of Fiscal Service's corrective actions to address control deficiencies contained in our prior years' reports that Fiscal Service had not remediated as of September 30, 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-03-31
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DEA and SAMHSA Buprenorphine and Telemedicine COVID-19 Guidance
From the Document: "In light of the nationwide public health emergency declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) on January 31, 2020, as a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is exercising its authorities to provide flexibility in the prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances to ensure necessary patient therapies remain accessible. As part of this effort, DEA has partnered with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to ensure authorized practitioners may admit and treat new patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) during the public health emergency. DEA has already announced that practitioners may prescribe controlled substances to patients using telemedicine without first conducting an in-person evaluation during this public health emergency under 21 U.S.C. 802(54)(D). Today, DEA notes that practitioners have further flexibility during the nationwide public health emergency to prescribe buprenorphine to new and existing patients with OUD via telephone by otherwise authorized practitioners without requiring such practitioners to first conduct an examination of the patient in person or via telemedicine. This additional flexibility under which authorized practitioners may prescribe buprenorphine to new patients on the basis of a telephone evaluation is in effect from March 31, 2020, until the public health emergency declared by the Secretary ends, unless DEA specifies an earlier date."
United States. Drug Enforcement Administration
Prevoznik, Thomas W.
2020-03-31
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U.S. Role in the World: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 31, 2020]
From the Summary: "The U.S. role in the world refers to the overall character, purpose, or direction of U.S. participation in international affairs and the country's overall relationship to the rest of the world. The U.S. role in the world can be viewed as establishing the overall context or framework for U.S. policymakers for developing, implementing, and measuring the success of U.S. policies and actions on specific international issues, and for foreign countries or other observers for interpreting and understanding U.S. actions on the world stage. While descriptions of the U.S. role in the world since the end of World War II vary in their specifics, it can be described in general terms as consisting of four key elements: global leadership; defense and promotion of the liberal international order; defense and promotion of freedom, democracy, and human rights; and prevention of the emergence of regional hegemons in Eurasia."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; Moodie, Michael, 1948-
2020-03-31
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Optimizing Ventilator Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The COVID-19 outbreak is presenting unprecedented challenges to our health care system. According to our best projections, combined with information on the ground, the availability of precious medical resources will be limited because of the numbers of patients and their severity of illness. Among the most important resources will be mechanical ventilators, affiliated gases and disposables, and of course, qualified professionals to operate these devices. In order to meet the growing demand, it is essential that we aggressively implement the following four overall measures: [1] Rigorous adherence to all social distancing measures, including limitations on gatherings and travel. [...2] Guidelines to optimize the use of mechanical ventilators. [...3] Judicious, data driven requests and usage of the Strategic National Stockpile [SNS] of ventilators and equipment. [...and 4] Increasing the capacity of the SNS through federal procurement."
United States. Public Health Service
2020-03-31
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Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool
From the Document: "The Resilience Analysis and Planning Tool (RAPT) is a geographic information systems (GIS) tool to help emergency managers and community partners at all GIS skill levels to visualize and assess potential challenges to community resilience. This User Guide provides in-depth information on RAPT functionality and step-by-step instructions on how to use all the features."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-03-31
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Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Summary: "The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic country and has substantial interests in the region. The seven other Arctic states are Canada, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark (by virtue of Greenland), and Russia. [...] Record low extents of Arctic sea ice over the past decade have focused scientific and policy attention on links to global climate change and projected ice-free seasons in the Arctic within decades. These changes have potential consequences for weather in the United States, access to mineral and biological resources in the Arctic, the economies and cultures of peoples in the region, and national security. The geopolitical environment for the Arctic has been substantially affected by the renewal of great power competition. Although there continues to be significant international cooperation on Arctic issues, the Arctic is increasingly viewed as an arena for geopolitical competition among the United States, Russia, and China. Russia in recent years has enhanced its military presence and operations in the Arctic. China's growing activities in the Arctic have become a matter of increasing curiosity or concern among observers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; Comay, Laura B.; Folger, Peter (Peter Franklin) . . .
2020-03-30
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COVID-19 Stimulus Assistance to Small Businesses: Issues and Policy Options [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "This report provides a brief description of the SBA's [U.S. Small Business Administration] programs, examines congressional action to assist small businesses during and immediately following the Great Recession (2007-2009), and discusses legislation to assist small businesses adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including: [1] P.L. 116-123, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020, which provided the SBA an additional $20 million for SBA disaster assistance administrative expenses and deemed the coronavirus to be a disaster under the SBA's Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program. This change made economic injury from the coronavirus an eligible EIDL expense. [and 2] P.L. 116-136, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act), which, among other provisions, created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to provide 'covered loans' with a 100% SBA loan guarantee, a maximum term of 10 years, and an interest rate not to exceed 4% to assist small businesses, small 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations, and small 501(c)(19) veterans organizations that have been adversely affected by COVID-19. The act also provides for loan deferment and forgiveness under specified conditions. A 'covered loan' is defined as a loan made to an eligible recipient from February 15, 2020, through June 30, 2020."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Lowry, Sean; Lindsay, Bruce R.
2020-03-30
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Legal Issues Related to the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The COVID-19 outbreak has rapidly shifted the congressional agenda in recent weeks, while altering the daily lives of millions of American residents. Alongside the many medical, economic, social, and public policy questions raised by the pandemic are a range of legal issues. These include both short-term legal questions related to the unfolding outbreak as well as longer-term legal issues that are anticipated to persist in the wake of the crisis. Among the most immediate questions are those related to the scope of state and federal authorities concerning quarantine measures, travel and entry restrictions, the movement of medical goods, health care coverage, and the like. Of more ongoing concern may be legal issues ranging from those related to the development of vaccines, testing, treatments, and other medical countermeasures, to postponing national elections, to civil liability for COVID-19 exposure, to criminal actions related to hoarding and price gouging, to providing economic assistance to individuals and businesses, to foreclosure, eviction, and debt collection moratoria. This Legal Sidebar provides a list of legal resources discussing these and other legal topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Caitlain Devereaux
2020-03-30
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Phone Advice Line Tools: Guidelines for Children (2-17 Years) or Adults (≥18 Years) with Possible COVID-19
This document includes an "initial phone script, accompanying decision algorithm, and tailored care advice messages" for conversing with possible COVID-19 patients.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-30?
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COVID-19 and the Defense Industrial Base: DOD Response and Legislative Considerations [Updated March 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) relies on a 'defense industrial base' (DIB) for the products and services that enable DOD's warfighting capabilities. The DIB includes private-sector commercial companies ranging in size from small businesses to some of the world's largest enterprises--all of which have been impacted by the economic pressures associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. For additional related resources, see the CRS [Congressional Research Service] COVID-19 homepage."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.
2020-03-30
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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Supply Chain Stabilization Task Force
From the Document: "The Supply Chain Stabilization Task Force is executing a whole-of-America approach to address limited supply of critical protective and life-saving equipment. Through a four-prong approach of 'Preservation, Acceleration, Expansion and Allocation', FEMA is bringing the full capacity of the Federal government to bear to find solutions to protect the American people and defeat COVID-19."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-03-29
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Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce: Ensuring Community and National Resilience in COVID-19 Response [March 28, 2020]
From the Document: "As the Nation comes together to slow the spread of COVID-19, on March 16th the President issued updated Coronavirus Guidance for America that highlighted the importance of the critical infrastructure workforce. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) executes the Secretary of Homeland Security's authorities to secure critical infrastructure. Consistent with these authorities, CISA has developed, in collaboration with other federal agencies, State and local governments, and the private sector, an 'Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce' advisory list. This list is intended to help State, local, tribal and territorial officials as they work to protect their communities, while ensuring continuity of functions critical to public health and safety, as well as economic and national security. Decisions informed by this list should also take into consideration additional public health considerations based on the specific COVID-19[coronavirus disease]-related concerns of particular jurisdictions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
Krebs, Christopher
2020-03-28
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[Letter from Denise M. Hinton to Manufacturers of Imported, Non-NIOSH-Approved Disposable Filtering Facepiece Respirators; Health Care Personnel; Hospital Purchasing Departments and Distributors; Importers and Commercial Wholesalers; and Any Other Applicable Stakeholders, March 28, 2020]
From the Letter: "On February 4, 2020, pursuant to Section 564(b)(1)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) (21 U.S.C. §360bbb-3(b)(1)(C)), the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) determined that there is a public health emergency that has a significant potential to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad, and that involves the virus that causes COVID-19 [Coronavirus Disease 2019]. Pursuant to Section 564 of the Act, and on the basis of such determination, the Secretary of HHS then declared on March 2, 2020, that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of personal respiratory protective devices during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under that Section."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
Hinton, Denise M.
2020-03-28
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Administrator Gaynor's Letter to Emergency Managers
This document contains the Administrator Gaynor's letter to emergency managers.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2020-03-27
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Executive Order 13912: National Emergency Authority to Order the Selected Reserve and Certain Members of the Individual Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty
From the Document: "The Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, at the direction of the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, are authorized to order to active duty not to exceed 24 consecutive months, such units, and individual members of the Ready Reserve under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned, not to exceed 1,000,000 members on active duty at any one time, as the Secretary of Defense and, with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security consider necessary. The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland Security, as applicable, will ensure appropriate consultation is undertaken with relevant state officials with respect to the utilization of National Guard Reserve Component units activated under this authority."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-03-27
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Federal Reserve's Legal Authorities for Responding to the Economic Impacts of COVID-19 [Updated March 27, 2020]
From the Document: "The COVID-19 coronavirus has upended financial markets and the real economy. As the virus has spread, businesses across the country have closed their doors, major stock indexes have lost over a quarter of their value, and debt and commodity markets have experienced extreme volatility. While Congress is considering the appropriate fiscal response to these developments, the Federal Reserve (the Fed) has implemented several monetary policies and lending programs to stimulate demand and inject liquidity into the financial system. This Sidebar discusses the Fed's responses to the coronavirus, the legal bases for those actions, and the central bank's authority to take further steps to contain the economic fallout from the virus."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sykes, Jay B.
2020-03-27
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Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Processing Changes Due to COVID-19: In Brief [March 27, 2020]
From the Document: "As federal agencies adjust their operations in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, activities related to the processing and release of government information are also changing. [...] Government information requests through FOIA [Freedom of Information Act] may be impacted by COVID-19 in two ways. First, certain types of information related to the outbreak may be eligible for expedited consideration; FOIA requests are to be expedited as soon as practicable in cases in which the person requesting the records demonstrates a compelling need. Second, processes for locating information may change due to employees working remotely or on administrative leave. This In Brief report provides an overview of the typical FOIA request process and usual conditions for requesting expedited processing of a request. The report then provides analysis of the impact of agency procedures in response to the pandemic on government information availability, and concludes with a survey of announced agency processing alterations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Marchsteiner, Kathleen E.; Stuessy, Meghan M.
2020-03-27
