Advanced search    Help

Clear all search criteria

Only 2/3! You are seeing results from the Public Collection, not the complete Full Collection. Sign in to search everything (see eligibility).

• H. Doc. 116-7: Continuation of the National Emergency Declared with Respect to Terrorists Who Threaten to Disrupt the Middle East Peace Process, January 17, 2019

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  From the Letter of President Donald Trump: "The crisis with respect to grave acts of violence committed by foreign terrorists who threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process that led to the declaration of a national emergency on January 23, 1995, has not been resolved. Terrorist groups continue to engage in activities that have the purpose or effect of threatening the Middle East peace process and that are hostile to United States interests in the region. Such actions continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. Therefore, I have determined that it is necessary to continue the national emergency declared in Executive Order 12947 with respect to foreign terrorists who threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process and to maintain in force the sanctions against them to respond to this threat."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2019-02-17
• Outstanding Award Winning Theses from CHDS

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  This record displays a listing of all the Center for Homeland Defense and Security's (CHDS) Outstanding Thesis award winners. Links to the theses are provided. Please note that restricted theses are not included here. This list will update periodically as new winners are announced.

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security

  2019-02-14
• Issues Requiring Action at the Essex County Correctional Facility in Newark, New Jersey

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "This inspection is part of an ongoing review of ICE detention facilities. While conducting an unannounced visit to the Essex County Correctional Facility using ICE's 2011 'Performance-Based National Detention Standards', we identified serious violations."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General

  2019-02-13
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 207: A bill to enhance tribal road safety, and for other purposes

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "S. 207 would revise environmental regulations that are applied to certain highway infrastructure projects on Indian reservations. Those projects are administered by the Department of the Interior and the Federal Highway Administration and are funded from the Highway Trust Fund. Specifically, the bill would permit certain projects that address the safety of roads and bridges to be eligible for a different standard of environmental review, known as a categorical exclusion. The bill also would permit the Department of Transportation to delegate the responsibility for determining whether projects are eligible for expedited review to the tribes."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-11
• Executive Order 13859: Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises to drive growth of the United States economy, enhance our economic and national security, and improve our quality of life. The United States is the world leader in AI research and development (R&D) and deployment. Continued American leadership in AI is of paramount importance to maintaining the economic and national security of the United States and to shaping the global evolution of AI in a manner consistent with our Nation's values, policies, and priorities. [...] Maintaining American leadership in AI requires a concerted effort to promote advancements in technology and innovation, while protecting American technology, economic and national security, civil liberties, privacy, and American values and enhancing international and industry collaboration with foreign partners and allies. It is the policy of the United States Government to sustain and enhance the scientific, technological, and economic leadership position of the United States in AI R&D and deployment through a coordinated Federal Government strategy, the American AI Initiative."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Trump, Donald, 1946-

  2019-02-11
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 226: Tribal Labor Sovereignty Act 2019

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "S. 226 would add Indian tribes to the list of entities that are excluded from the definition of 'employer' for purposes of the National Labor Relations Act. Through the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the National Labor Relations Act protects the rights of most private-sector employees to form a union and to bargain collectively. Adding tribes to the list of excluded employers would treat them similarly to state and local governments. Currently, the NLRB generally asserts jurisdiction over the commercial enterprises owned and operated by tribes, even if they are located on a tribal reservation. However, the NLRB does not assert the jurisdiction over tribal enterprises that carry out traditional tribal or governmental functions."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-08
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H. J. Res. 37: A Joint Resolution Directing the Removal of United States Armed Forces from Hostilities in the Republic of Yemen That Have Not Been Authorized by Congress

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "H. J. Res. 37 would direct the President to remove U.S. armed forces from hostilities in or affecting Yemen, except for those engaged in operations against al-Qaeda or associated forces. It also would require the Administration to provide two reports to the Congress. One report would detail the risks to U.S. citizens and Saudi civilians and the danger of regional humanitarian crises if the United States stopped supporting the Saudi-led coalition fighting in Yemen. The other report would assess the increase in the risk of terrorist attacks if the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia stopped sharing Yemen-related intelligence with the United States."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-08
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 199: Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "S. 199 would take into trust for the benefit of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Indians approximately 12,000 acres of land in the Chippewa National Forest currently administered by the Forest Service. The bill would prohibit certain types of gaming on the land and require that commercial forestry on the land be managed in accordance with federal law. Using information from the Forest Service, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that taking the land into trust would cost less than $500,000. Any such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-08
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 46: Klamath Tribe Judgement Fund Repeal Act

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "S. 46 would repeal the Klamath Tribe Judgment Fund Act, which authorizes the Department of the Interior (DOI) to establish and maintain a fund to make payments to Klamath Tribe members to satisfy any judgments obtained by the tribe. The bill also would require any amounts remaining in the fund upon its closure to be disbursed to the Klamath Tribe."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-08
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 211: SURVIVE Act

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "S. 211 would establish a program within the Department of Justice to make grants to Indian tribes to provide services to crime victims, including medical care, counseling, and legal services. For each of the 10 fiscal years after enactment, the bill would set aside 5 percent of the amounts available in the Crime Victims Fund for those grants (spending from that fund is considered direct spending)."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2019-02-08
• Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated February 8, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "A key U.S. ally in the Latin American region, Colombia endured an internal armed conflict for half a century. Drug trafficking fueled the violence by funding both left-wing and right-wing armed groups. Some analysts feared Colombia would become a failed state in the late 1990s, but the Colombian government devised a new security strategy, known as Plan Colombia, to counter the insurgencies. Originally designed as a 6-year program, Plan Colombia ultimately became a 17-year U.S.-Colombian bilateral effort. The partnership focused initially on counternarcotics and later on counterterrorism; it then broadened to include sustainable development, human rights, trade, regional security, and many other areas of cooperation."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Beittel, June S.

  2019-02-08
• Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated February 8, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "Since the early 1960s, when the United States imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, the centerpiece of U.S. policy toward Cuba has consisted of economic sanctions aimed at isolating the Cuban government. In December 2014, however, the Obama Administration initiated a major policy shift, moving away from sanctions toward a policy of engagement and the normalization of relations. The policy change included the rescission of Cuba's designation as a state sponsor of international terrorism in May 2015; the restoration of diplomatic relations in July 2015; and steps to increase travel, commerce, and the flow of information to Cuba. President Trump unveiled a new policy toward Cuba in 2017 increasing sanctions and partially rolling back some of the Obama Administration's efforts to normalize relations."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Sullivan, Mark P.

  2019-02-08
• Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated February 8, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "The United States and Soviet Union signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in December 1987. Negotiations on this treaty were the result of a 'dual-track' decision taken by NATO in 1979 in response to concerns about the Soviet Union's deployment of new intermediate-range nuclear missiles. NATO agreed both to accept deployment of new U.S. intermediate-range ballistic and cruise missiles and to support U.S. efforts to negotiate with the Soviet Union to limit these missiles. In the INF Treaty, the United States and Soviet Union agreed that they would ban all land-based ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. The ban would apply to missiles with nuclear or conventional warheads, but would not apply to sea-based or air-delivered missiles."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Woolf, Amy F.

  2019-02-08
• Reflecting Pool Podcast: Unbounded Risk [audio]

  Show summary     Open resource [html]     (open full abstract)

  "Providing perfect security in an era of unbounded risk is impossible. In my interview with Jack Anderson (Masters 1401), we talk about caribou scapula divination among Canadian nomadic tribes, jazz standards, particle accelerators, black swan events and using photographs of concealed snipers to understand how the dangers homeland security agencies face are increasingly beyond their control. Jack's research shows how the response to such unbounded risks presumes a greater degree of knowledge, uniformity, and control than is available and that national adaptability is more desirable than perfect knowledge when responding to the unknown."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security

  Karimi, Bijan P.

  2019-02-07
• Unaccompanied Children: Agency Efforts to Identify and Reunify Children Separated from Parents at the Border, Statement of Kathryn A. Larin, Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security and Rebecca Gambler, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "On April 6, 2018, the Attorney General issued a memorandum on criminal prosecutions of immigration offenses. According to HHS [Department of Health and Human Services] officials, this resulted in a considerable increase in the number of minor children whom DHS [Department of Homeland Security] separated from their parents after attempting to cross the U.S. border illegally. On June 20, 2018, the President issued an executive order directing that alien families generally be detained together, and on June 26, 2018, a federal judge ordered the government to reunify separated families. DHS is responsible for the apprehension and transfer of UAC [Unaccompanied Alien Children] to HHS. HHS is responsible for coordinating UAC placement and care. This testimony discusses DHS and HHS (1) planning efforts related to the Attorney General's April 2018 memo, (2) systems for indicating children were separated from parents, and (3) actions to reunify families in response to the June 2018 court order. It is based on a report GAO [Government Accountability Office] issued in October 2018. This testimony also includes updated data reported by the government on the number children separated from their parents subject to the court's reunification order and the number of those children in ORR custody as of December 11, 2018."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-02-07
• Addressing Mass Migration Through the Southern Border of the United States: Proclamation 9842 by the President of the United States of America, February 7, 2019

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  Proclamation 9842 issued by the president on February 7, 2019 is a 90 day extension of Proclamation 9822 issued on November 9, 2018. Proclamation 9822 established that any asylum seekers attempting to enter the U.S. must enter at a legal port of entry to be processed accordingly. Aliens attempting entry through illegal ports will be ineligible for asylum claims. The president states in Proclamation 9842: "The problem of large numbers of aliens traveling through Mexico to enter our country unlawfully or without proper documentation has not materially improved, and indeed in several respects has worsened, since November 9, 2018. [...] I must act to protect the national interest, and to maintain an effectively functioning asylum system for legitimate asylum seekers who demonstrate that they have fled persecution and warrant the many special benefits associated with being granted asylum."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Trump, Donald, 1946-

  2019-02-07
• Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated February 7, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. Issues such as Arctic territorial disputes; commercial shipping through the Arctic; Arctic oil, gas, and mineral exploration; endangered Arctic species; and increased military operations in the Arctic could cause the region in coming years to become an arena of international cooperation or competition. The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic country and has substantial political, economic, energy, environmental, and other interests in the region. Decisions that Congress makes on Arctic-related issues could significantly affect these interests. This report provides an overview of Arctic-related issues for Congress, and refers readers to more in-depth CRS reports on specific Arctic-related issues. Congressional readers with questions about an issue discussed in this report should contact the author or authors of the section discussing that issue. The authors are identified by footnote at the start of each section. This report does not track legislation on specific Arctic-related issues. For tracking of legislative activity, see the CRS reports relating to specific Arctic-related issues that are listed at the end of this report, just prior to Appendix A.

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  O'Rourke, Ronald; Comay, Laura B.; Folger, Peter (Peter Franklin); Frittelli, John; Humphries, Marc; Leggett, Jane A.; Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Sheikh, Pervaze A.; Upton, Harold F. (Harold Frank)

  2019-02-07
• Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections [Updated February 7, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "This report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables organized by region, including the date of each country's independence, the name of the newly elected president or prime minister, and the projected date of the next presidential election. Information in this report was gathered from numerous sources, including the U.S. State Department, Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) World Fact Book, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Davis-Castro, Carla Y.; DeBruyne, Nese F.

  2019-02-07
• Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations [Updated February 7, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "Iran ratified the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1970. Article III of the treaty requires non-nuclear-weapon states-parties to accept comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards; Tehran concluded a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA in 1974. In 2002, the agency began investigating allegations that Iran had conducted clandestine nuclear activities; the IAEA ultimately reported that some of these activities had violated Tehran's safeguards agreement. Following more than three years of investigation, the IAEA Board of Governors referred the matter to the U.N. Security Council in February 2006. Since then, the council adopted six resolutions requiring Iran to take steps to alleviate international concerns about its nuclear program. This report provides a brief overview of Iran's nuclear program and describes the legal basis for the actions taken by the IAEA board and the Security Council."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Kerr, Paul K.

  2019-02-07
• Past Government Shutdowns: Key Resources [Updated February 7, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "This report provides historical documents and other resources related to past government shutdowns, along with brief annotations that describe the contents of the documents. The report includes links to full-text documents when available. There is limited information and guidance related to shutdowns, and it is difficult to predict what might happen in the event of one, but information about past events may help inform future deliberations. The following annotated resources are meant to guide readers to relevant materials from governmental and selected nongovernmental sources."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Nagel, Jared Conrad; Murray, Justin

  2019-02-07
• Nation's Retirement System: A Comprehensive Re-Evaluation Needed to Better Promote Future Retirement Security, Statement of Gene L. Dodaro, Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony Before the Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "Strengthening the U.S. retirement system to be more accessible and financially sound is important to ensuring that all Americans can retire with dignity and security, and to managing the fiscal exposures to the federal government from various retirement-related programs. Currently, the U.S. retirement system, and many of the workers and retirees it was designed to help, face major challenges. This testimony discusses (1) the fiscal risks and other challenges facing the U.S. retirement system, and (2) the need to re-evaluate our nation's approach to financing retirement."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-02-06
• Army Readiness: Progress and Challenges in Rebuilding Personnel, Equipping, and Training, Statement of John H. Pendleton, Director, Defense Capabilities and Management, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "The 2018 National Defense Strategy emphasizes that restoring and retaining readiness across the entire spectrum of conflict is critical to success in the emerging security environment. The top priority for Army leadership is readiness. The Army has undertaken a variety of efforts since 2016 to prepare for potential largescale combat operations against major adversaries. This statement provides information on the Army's progress and challenges in readiness rebuilding in the areas of (1) force structure and personnel, (2) equipment repair and modernization, and (3) training for potential large-scale conflict. Also, GAO [Government Accountability Office] summarizes recommendations to address these challenges and actions taken by the Army to address them. This statement is based on previously published GAO work since 2016. This prior work related to, among other things, Army readiness, skills shortages, equipment maintenance and modernization, acquisition, training, force structure. GAO also updated information and incorporated preliminary observations from ongoing work related to warfighting concepts."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-02-06
• Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives--Application of the Antideficiency Act to a Lapse in Appropriations

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "Thank you for the opportunity to discuss the Antideficiency Act and its application during a lapse in appropriations. A lapse in appropriations, also known as a funding gap, refers to a period of time between the expiration of an appropriation and the enactment of a new one during which an agency or program experiences a lapse in funding. For example, a fiscal year may end without the enactment of a full-year appropriation or a continuing resolution for the next fiscal year, or a continuing resolution may lapse without the enactment of a subsequent appropriation. Such a lapse may also occur if a particular appropriation becomes exhausted before the end of the fiscal year. A lapse in appropriations may vary in scope, and can affect individual agencies and programs or affect the federal government at large."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-02-06
• The Global Coalition - Working To Defeat ISIS

  Show summary     Open resource [html]     (open full abstract)

  "At the Global Coalition Washington Ministerial on February 6, the U.S. Department of State wishes to reaffirm its commitment to the Coalition and its goals. The 79-member Global Coalition to Defeat ISIS [Islamic Sate of Iraq and Syria] has worked diligently since 2014 to reduce the threat ISIS poses to international security and our homelands. The Coalition's combined efforts have diminished ISIS' military capability, territorial control, leadership, financial resources, and online influence. Members are united in common cause to defeat ISIS through a robust approach, including working by, with, and through local partners for military operations; supporting the stabilization of territory liberated from ISIS; and enhancing international cooperation against ISIS' global objectives through information sharing, law enforcement cooperation, severing ISIS' financing, countering terrorist recruitment, and neutralizing ISIS' narrative. The Coalition is also engaged in civilian efforts to provide needs based humanitarian aid assistance to communities suffering from displacement and conflict, and supporting stabilization efforts in territory liberated from ISIS. The Global Coalition is the largest international coalition in history. It is a diverse group, in which each member makes unique contributions to a robust civilian and military effort."

  United States. Department of State

  2019-02-06
• Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated February 6, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) class aircraft carrier program. The Navy's proposed FY2019 budget requests a total of $1,598.2 million in procurement funding for the program. Congress's decisions on the CVN-78 program could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  O'Rourke, Ronald

  2019-02-06
• Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated February 6, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy, and gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. The issue for Congress is whether to approve, reject, or modify Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition strategies and proposed funding levels for the Aegis BMD program. Congress's decisions on the Aegis BMD program could significantly affect U.S. BMD capabilities and funding requirements, and the BMD-related industrial base."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  O'Rourke, Ronald

  2019-02-06
• Defense Management: Status of GAO Recommendations Made to the Department of Defense (Fiscal Years 2014-2017)

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "GAO's [Government Accountability Office] mission is to support the Congress, and in accomplishing that mission we make recommendations to improve the accountability, operations, and services of government agencies. [...] This report formally transmits our updated briefing and communicates the final results of our work. It describes DOD's progress in implementing unclassified, classified (SECRET), and sensitive but unclassified (SBU) [Sensitive but Unclassified] GAO recommendations made in fiscal years 2014-2017; initial response to our open recommendations; and progress in implementing our priority recommendations."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2019-02-05
• Bahrain: Unrest, Security, and U.S. Policy [Updated February 5, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "An uprising against Bahrain's Al Khalifa ruling family that began on February 14, 2011, has diminished in intensity, but punishments of oppositionists and periodic demonstrations continue. The mostly Shia opposition to the Sunni-minority-led regime has not achieved its goal of establishing a constitutional monarchy, but the unrest has compelled the ruling family to undertake some modest reforms. The mainstream opposition uses peaceful forms of dissent, but small factions, reportedly backed by Iran, have claimed responsibility for attacks on security officials. Elections for a legislative body, held most recently during November 24-December 1, 2018, were marred by the banning of opposition political societies and allegations of gerrymandering to prevent opposition victories, but observers praised the newly elected lower house of the Assembly for naming a woman as its speaker."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Katzman, Kenneth

  2019-02-05
• Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act of 2018 (P.l. 115-253) and U.S. Aid for the Palestinians [Updated February 5, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "The Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act (ATCA, P.L. 115-253) became law on October 3, 2018. Congress passed the law in the wake of a U.S. federal court case dealing with past acts of terrorism by Palestinians (discussed below, 'U.S. Policy Implications and Options'). The law amended the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) (at 18 U.S.C. 2334) by stating that a defendant consents to personal jurisdiction in U.S. federal court for lawsuits related to international terrorism if the defendant accepts certain types of U.S. foreign aid after the law has been in effect for 120 days. In December, Palestinian Authority (PA) Prime Minister Rami Hamdallah wrote to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that the PA would not accept aid that subjected it to federal court jurisdiction. Consequently, U.S. bilateral aid to the Palestinians ended on January 31, 2019. Apparently, it will not resume unless Congress amends or repeals the ATCA, or the Administration channels the aid differently."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Zanotti, Jim

  2019-02-05
• History, Evolution, and Practices of the President's State of the Union Address: Frequently Asked Questions [Updated February 5, 2019]

  Show summary     Open resource [pdf]     (open full abstract)

  "The State of the Union address is a communication from the President to Congress in which the chief executive reports on the current condition of the United States and provides policy proposals for the upcoming legislative year. The address originates in the Constitution (Article II, Section 3, clause 1), which requires that the President 'shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.' [...] This report takes the format of answers to frequently asked questions about the State of the Union address."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Kreiser, Maria; Greene, Michael

  2019-02-05