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Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2018 [Updated May 10, 2019]
From the Document: "Throughout its history, the Department of Defense (DOD) has relied on contractors to support a wide range of military operations. Operations over the last thirty years have highlighted the critical role that contractors play in supporting U.S. troops--both in terms of the number of contractors and the type of work being performed. During recent U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, contractors often accounted for 50% or more of the total DOD presence in-country. For the fourth quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2018, U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) reported 49,451 contractor personnel working for DOD within its area of responsibility, which included 28,189 individuals located in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. From FY2009 to FY2018, obligations for all DOD-funded contracts performed within the Iraq and Afghanistan areas of operation totaled approximately $208 billion in FY2019 dollars. In late 2017, the DOD stopped reporting the number of U.S. military personnel deployed in support of operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria as part of its quarterly manpower reports and in other official releases. These data remain withheld."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peters, Heidi M.; Plagakis, Sofia
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Gun Crime Penalty Tossed [June 20, 2019]
From the Summary: "The full United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (Sixth Circuit) (sitting en banc), in 'United States v. Havis,' recently held that prior attempt convictions do not warrant a felon-in-possession-of-a-firearm sentencing enhancement. Ordinarily binding commentary included in the U.S. Sentencing Commission's sentencing guidelines would require enhancement for prior attempt convictions. A number of other federal appellate courts, including the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in 2017, have deferred to the Sentencing Commission's interpretation. The Sixth Circuit, however, concluded that the commentary is not entitled to deference because it conflicts with the text of the guideline."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
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Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Molecular Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) COVID-19 Authorized Tests [UMass Molecular Virology Laboratory 2019-nCoV rRT-PCR Dx Panel]
From the Document: "This Fact Sheet informs you of the significant known and potential risks and benefits of the emergency use of a Molecular LDT [Laboratory Developed Test] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Authorized Test called the UMass [University of Massachusetts] Molecular Virology Laboratory 2019-nCoV rRT-PCR [novel coronavirus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction] Dx [diagnosis] Panel that has been issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA. The Molecular LDT COVID-19 Authorized Test is authorized for use on certain respiratory specimens collected from individuals suspected of COVID-19 by their healthcare provider."
United States. Food and Drug Administration
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COVID-19 Waste Management Factsheet 6: Linkages of Air Quality and COVID-19
From the Document: "Air quality is negatively impacted by environmentally unsound practices, such as open burning or other suboptimal waste management methods; thus, adhering to environmentally sound practices for waste management, and maintaining high environmental standards and enforcement is essential. [...] Studies and data show unprecedented reduction in air pollution, especially Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and atmospheric particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), in countries affected by reduced economic activity as a result of measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. These decreases and any short-term benefits that may derive come with major health, economic and social costs."
United Nations Environment Programme
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COVID-19 Information in Indigenous, Endangered, and Under-Resourced Languages [website]
This resource provides information on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Indigenous, Endangered, and Under-Resourced Languages. From the Webpage: "These resources are not a substitute for professional medical advice. They may not reflect current information that is being provided by your jurisdiction. The information provided here is largely collected from governments, NGOs [non-governmental organizations], and public health organizations."
Endangered Languages Project (Website)
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Resiliency and Disaggregated Space Architectures
"National security space assets provide Joint Warfighters and our nation with strategic warning, assured communication, and precision positioning, navigation and timing--an unrivaled advantage in today's security environment. Use of these capabilities has evolved considerably in recent years; however, the space systems themselves have not. Many of these systems have designs that date back to the Cold War. Requirements in that era were driven by the compelling need for nuclear attack warning and the desire to maintain a bilateral balance of power. Threats to space systems were deemed a tolerable risk, since an attack in space would be provocative and escalatory and might be interpreted as a prelude to nuclear war. However, the security environment of today is much different than in the past. Previous considerations led to satellite designs that maximized the size, weight, and capability of every payload within the constraints of a given launch vehicle.1 Performance was prioritized over protection as the threat of 'mutually assured destruction' reduced any risk of an attack. System designs naturally evolved to become increasingly complex, integrated and expensive. Our current satellites are marvels of modern engineering, but their suitability is critically dependent on the strategic balance of a foregone era. This paper examines the need to provide resilient and affordable capabilities to preserve our operational advantage in space. The focus is on 'disaggregating' space capabilities onto multiple platforms or systems."
United States. Air Force Space Command
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COVID-19 Response: Inmate Early Release Plan, State Responsible Inmates Held in a Local Correctional Facility
From the Purpose: "The Inmate Early Release Plan for State Responsible Inmates Held in a Local Correctional Facility provides a procedure for implementing the Budget Amendment approved by the General Assembly during the 2020 Veto Session to allow for the discharge of state responsible inmates held in a local correctional facility, who meet the eligibility criteria for release from incarceration, prior to their scheduled release date consistent with guidance provided in the Budget Amendment approved by the General Assembly during the 2020 Veto Session. The Budget Amendment approved by the General Assembly during the 2020 Veto Session authorizes the Director, during the duration of the declared emergency, to (i) discharge from incarceration or (ii) place into a lower level of supervision, including probation supervision, home electronic incarceration, or other forms of community corrections, any prisoner committed to the Department who has less than one year of his sentence remaining to be served prior to his scheduled release if the Director determines that (a) any such discharge or placement during the declared emergency will assist in maintaining the health, safety, and welfare of any prisoner discharged or placed or the prisoners remaining in state correctional facilities and (b) any such discharge or placement is compatible with the interests of society and public safety. The Inmate Early Release Plan is only in force during the period declared by the Governor as a state of emergency pursuant to §44-146.17 of the Code of Virginia."
Virginia. Department of Corrections
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MOVES Institute [website]
"The Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation Institute was founded in 2000, but MOVES as an academic program was founded in 1996 with the launch of the Master of Science program, followed by the Doctoral program in 1999. The Institute is intended to be a mix of the strong analysis tradition of the Operations Research Department and the simulation, training, and software development expertise of the Computer Science Department. The Institute has its roots in the NPSNET Research Group founded in 1986. NPSNET was the original low-cost, government owned, SIMNET and DIS compatible visual simulator. It was widely used around the world and was integrated into many government programs over its lifetime. The Institute was also the birthplace of America's Army. Sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army: Manpower and Reserve Affairs, America's Army was our first venture into the use of video game technology for defense applications. Development has since left the Institute, but many millions of players have downloaded and played America's Army since 2000. Recent initiatives include the Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework (XMSF) that uses web services for interoperability of M&S systems, and also the Delta3D Open Source Game-Based Simulation Engine."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
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Helping People Released from Prisons and Jails Find Housing: A State by State Resource Guide
From the Introduction: "More and more correctional facilities are releasing persons in order to reduce populations as a result of the threat posed by the COVID‐19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Many RSAT [Residential Substance Abuse Treatment] program participants are in this number. The fast‐tracked release of so many persons at a time when many re‐entry programs, social services, and transition housing resources may be temporarily closed or operating at limited capacity calls for the redoubling of reentry and transitional programming. Nothing may be of more critical importance than locating safe and secure housing for those being released who do not have secure housing waiting for them. This manual was designed to assist in that effort. Since many transitional housing facilities have closed their doors or transferred residents to accommodations that allow for social distancing, isolation or quarantine, information on shelter closings and regional shelter coordination centers has become critical. The information on emergency housing resources and contacts for each state is based on the most current information available. However, because conditions are changing rapidly, it is important to verify that the services listed are still available. Contacts and information on COVID‐19‐specific state and local contacts listed include emergency and non‐congregate housing options such as short‐term hotel room leasing, converted dormitories or public buildings, and trailer units. In cases where there is little or no information on COVID‐19‐specific housing resources, contacts for coalitions to end homelessness, local or state housing and homelessness continuums of care, and other reliable contacts for housing resources are included. State resources follow immediately after federal and national resources are listed."
Advocates for Human Potential (Firm)
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COVID-19 Crisis Broadband Commission Agenda for Action: For Faster and Better Recovery
From the Document: "Never before have broadband networks and services been so vital to our health and safety and to keeping our economy and societies working. Digital is truly the hidden hero of this unprecedented global crisis. With the new coronavirus continuing to ravage many nations around the globe and now beginning to make in-roads in countries less well-equipped to handle a major health emergency, immediate action is needed to ensure no one is left behind in humanity's collective response to the crisis. The Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, the UN's high-level public-private partnership, is committed to putting digital cooperation into action, to keep economies and societies working, and to support the world's vulnerable populations (the elderly, refugees and internally displaced populations, persons with disabilities, children, rural dwellers, indigenous communities, and those residing in the most vulnerable countries). A global pandemic demands a global response. The stakes have never been higher. We believe that building, reinforcing and scaling digital cooperation around three key broadband pillars will help accelerate our collective response to COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] and lay the groundwork for a better and faster recovery built on a broadband internet enabled world."
Broadband Commission
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Guidance for Homeless Shelters for Residents or Staff Who Test Positive for COVID-19
From the Document: "This guidance is intended to provide general guidelines for shelter residents and staff when someone tests positive for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]."
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
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COVID and the Curb: How Cities Used the Curb and Street Space to Respond to COVID-19 and Policy Ideas to Ensure the Curb Best Serves the Public Good
From the Introduction: "Over the past few years, curbs have increasingly become more than just the space between streets and sidewalks. Curbs are transportation hubs, where people walk and roll; access app-based shared bicycles, scooters, or cars; board buses and taxis; and park their personal vehicles. Curbs are community spaces, too. They might host an annual block party or event where a portion of a street is closed, or might provide space to a curbside cafe or parklet. Unhoused community members, often without other options, use curbs as temporary living spaces. Business owners field deliveries and send out their products at the curb. Residences receive packages from online retailers, either directly to single-family homes and apartments, or indirectly to storage lockers where people can retrieve them later. In 2020, the curb was used for all those purposes and more. COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] accelerated some of the changing uses of and growing demand on the curb already underway, and shined a light on the immense value of the curb and its crucial role in preventing the spread of COVID-19. The curb helped support community health and economies, be it through curbside pickup, curbside dining, e-commerce [electronic commerce] delivery, slow streets, curbside COVID-19 testing, and more. This report is organized in two parts: Part 1: Cities' COVID-19 Curb Response; [...] Part 2: Ideas to guide curbside management policy."
Transportation for America
Hanzlik, Mae
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Preparing People for Reentry from Jails and Prisons During the COVID-19 Epidemic
From the Document: "Many county and municipal jails and state prison systems are taking measures to reduce the incarcerated population to help alleviate close living conditions conducive to the spread of disease. State prison systems are expediting scheduled releases by moving up release dates. Jails are releasing individuals who present minimal risk to public safety but are at elevated COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] morbidity and mortality risk. Because RSAT [Residential Substance Abuse Treatment] program generally serve inmates who are nearing the end of their sentences, they are likely candidates for early release if these measures are implemented. Re-entry for individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) is a crucial transition even when solid release plans, stable housing, and linkages to community-based SUD treatment and recovery support are all in place. The added task of re-entry preparation that includes precautions and restrictions to reduce the spread of COVID-19 is an added challenge for justice professionals as well as RSAT clients whose may find their release date suddenly moved up. Plus, the risks associated with a return to drugs and alcohol are now exponentially higher." This document further outlines guidance steps for RSAT program staff, along with an addendum that includes brochures with information that can be shared with re-entering individuals.
Advocates for Human Potential (Firm)
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International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress [April 15, 2013]
"The U.S. Constitution grants authority over the regulation of foreign commerce to Congress, which it exercises in a variety of ways. These include the oversight of trade policy generally, and more particularly, the consideration of legislation to approve trade agreements and authorize trade programs. Policy issues cover such areas as: U.S. trade negotiations; tariffs; nontariff barriers; worker dislocation from trade liberalization, trade remedy laws; import and export policies; international investment, economic sanctions; and the trade policy functions of the federal government. Congress also has an important role in international finance. It has the authority over U.S. financial commitments to international financial institutions and oversight responsibilities for trade- and finance-related agencies of the U.S. Government. The 112th Congress approved U.S. bilateral free trade agreements with Colombia, Panama, and South Korea, extended the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs through December 31, 2013, and reauthorized the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) through July 31, 2013. In addition, Congress authorized permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status for Russia and Moldova, reauthorized the U.S. Export-Import Bank, and approved full U.S. participation in general capital increases for the World Bank and four regional development banks."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hornbeck, J. F. (John F.); Irace, Mary A.
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Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)
This document includes the amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Diplomatic Missions: Background and Issues on Chief of Mission (COM) Authority [March 10, 2014]
"'Chief of Mission,' or COM, is the title conferred on the principal officer in charge of each U.S. diplomatic mission to a foreign country, foreign territory, or international organization. Usually the term refers to the U.S. ambassadors who lead U.S. embassies abroad, but the term also is used for ambassadors who head other official U.S. missions and to other diplomatic personnel who may step in when no ambassador is present. Appointed by the President, each COM serves as the President's personal representative, leading diplomatic efforts for a particular mission or in the country of assignment. U.S. ambassadors and others exercising COM authority are by law the cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy coordination in their respective countries. Their jobs are highly complex, demanding a broad knowledge of the U.S. foreign policy toolkit and the ability to oversee the activities and manage the representatives of many U.S. government entities, with some exceptions for those under military command. Congress plays an important role in setting standards for the exercise of COM authority and providing COMs with the resources--training, personnel, monetary--to promote its effective exercise. A number of recent developments have increased congressional attention to issues associated with the roles and responsibilities of COMs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Weed, Matthew C.; Serafino, Nina M.
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Preventing the Introduction and Spread of Ebola in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions [December 5, 2014]
"Members of Congress and the public have considered ways to prevent the entry and spread of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the United States. Official recommendations have seemed to conflict at times. In part this reflects the evolution of officials' understanding of this new threat and the scientific and technical aspects of its control. In addition, under the nation's federalist governance structure, the federal and state governments are empowered to take measures to control communicable diseases, and have addressed some aspects of the Ebola threat in varied ways. In the United States and abroad, public concern about the spread of Ebola also may have shaped policymakers' decisions as well. This Congressional Research Service (CRS) report answers common legal and policy questions about the potential introduction and spread of EVD in the United States. Questions and answers are presented in the following topical order: barring travelers from Ebola-stricken countries from coming to the United States, exit procedures upon departure from affected countries in Africa, U.S. laws and procedures involving airlines and other conveyances, identification and screening of passengers arriving from Ebola-affected countries, domestic quarantine and isolation: legal authority and policies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lister, Sarah A.
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Resupply of Duffer's Drift
In this short story, "The Resupply of Duffer's Drift", William C. Latham Jr. provides a fresh take on "The Defence of Duffer's Drift," a short 1904 book by Ernest Dunlop Swinton. From the webpage: "The 1904 novella recounts a series of dreams in which a British junior officer tries and fails to defend a critical river crossing, until he finally absorbs the lessons and accomplishes the mission. In light of the US Army's renewed emphasis on platoon leader development, this updated story borrows from Swinton's original work to illustrate core principles of small unit leadership in the twenty-first century."
Army University Press (U.S.)
Latham, William C. (William Clark), 1961-
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For Mental Health Providers: Working with Patients Affected by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] outbreak may present a range of challenges for patients in your care[.] [...] There are many ways that these challenges might affect patients with existing mental health issues. [...] Providers can help mitigate risk for patients by: [1] Checking in on them regularly; [2] Providing accurate and up to date public health information; [3] Empathizing with stress reactions; [4] Fostering their patients' ability to cope with distress; [and] [5] Conveying that patients CAN take meaningful steps to manage their own stress reactions[.]"
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (U.S.)
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Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA): Overview of Workers' Compensation for Certain Private-Sector Maritime Workers [Updated March 10, 2021]
From the Summary: "The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (LHWCA) is a federal workers' compensation program that covers certain private-sector maritime workers. Firms that employ these workers are required to purchase workers' compensation or self-insure and are responsible for providing medical and disability benefits to covered workers who are injured or become ill on the job and survivors' benefits to the families of covered workers who die on the job. The LHWCA is administered by the Department of Labor (DOL), and all benefit costs are paid by employers and their insurance carriers. In 2017, more than $2 billion in LHWCA benefits were paid to beneficiaries."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
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Use of Body-Worn Cameras by Federally Deputized Task Force Officers
From the Document: "The Department of Justice (Department or DOJ) permits the use of body worn cameras (BWCs) by task force officers (TFOs) on federal task forces. This policy provides the parameters for the use of BWCs by TFOs to the extent that a state or local law enforcement agency requires their use by its officers during federal task force operations. DOJ law enforcement agencies may issue internal standard operating procedures to implement TFO use of BWCs consistent with this policy. For purposes of this policy, the term, 'TFO BWC recordings,' refers to audio and video recordings and associated metadata from TFO BWCs made while the TFO is working under federal authority, including state and local warrants adopted by a federal agency."
United States. Department of Justice
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Science & Tech Spotlight: Genomic Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens
From the Document: "Genomic sequencing reveals the genetic code of an infectious disease pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Newer, faster, and less costly sequencing can now be used to more quickly track transmission, detect new variants, and develop vaccines and other countermeasures. However, challenges such as high startup costs and privacy concerns remain."
United States. Government Accountability Office
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National Water Dashboard [website]
From the Website: "This viewer shows provisional real-time water data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) observation stations in context with weather-related data from other public sources."
Geological Survey (U.S.)
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Urgency of Now: Turning the Tide Against Epidemic and Pandemic Infectious Diseases
From the Document: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has killed millions and destroyed the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people. By the end of 2025, it will have cost the global economy $28 trillion. We have the tools. We know what we need to do. For the first time in history, we can credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. We must invest in the vaccines and biologic countermeasures that we will need, while ensuring that no one is left behind. Our goal is within reach. We need only seize the fierce urgency of now."
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
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Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA) [Updated August 3, 2020]
From the Summary: "Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA) benefits are available only to those individuals who have become unemployed as a direct result of a declared major disaster and are not eligible for regular Unemployment Compensation (UC). First created in 1970 through P.L. 91-606, DUA benefits are authorized by the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Relief Act (the Stafford Act), which authorizes the President to issue a major disaster declaration after state and local government resources have been overwhelmed by a natural catastrophe or, 'regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or explosion in any part of the United States' (42 U.S.C. §5122(2))."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whittaker, Julie M.
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Social Media Review
From the Foreword: "On January 6, 2021, both chambers of Congress convened in a joint session for what should have been a demonstration of a fundamental feature of our democracy: the peaceful transition of power. Instead, domestic terrorists attacked the U.S. Capitol, and January 6th will now forever be remembered as one of the darkest days in our nation's history. I have deep concerns about the behavior of former President Trump and the actions he took which incited and encouraged the domestic terrorists who attacked the Capitol. [...] Many of former President Trump's false statements were made in very public settings. Had Members made similar public statements in the weeks and months before the January 6th attack? Statements which are readily available in the public arena may be part of any consideration of Congress' constitutional prerogatives and responsibilities. Accordingly, I asked my staff to take a quick look at public social media posts of Members who voted to overturn the 2020 presidential election. Below is the social media review they shared with me, and I am now sharing it with you."
Office of Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren
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U.S. Department of Defense Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation Grant Management & Administration [website]
From the Webpage: "State and local governments, and instrumentalities of local government, are eligible for OLDCC [Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation] grant assistance as they respond to Defense industry actions, such as base closures or realignments, changes in Defense contracts, or address land use compatibility with the military." The website also provides "a list of grant resources and the federal statutes that guide OLDCC funding and federal grant law for OLDCC grantees."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation
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Disaster Behavioral Health [Resource Library]
From the Webpage: "When disasters strike, the ripple effects can be significant. Survivors may be injured or displaced, or may have loved ones in similar situations. The emotional, physical, and financial tolls can be jarring, and no one in the community is immune. Disaster behavioral health (DBH) includes the provision of mental health, substance abuse, and stress management services to disaster survivors and responders. Incorporating DBH into all phases of emergency management can ensure resident and responder preparedness, an effective, compassionate response effort, and a more resilient community moving forward. The resources on this page can help our stakeholders accomplish these goals."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
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Topic Collection: Responder Safety and Health
From the Webpage: "Protecting the safety and health of disaster responders is critical for obvious reasons, but a safe and healthy workforce is better able to provide the community with an effective, comprehensive, response and recovery. The resources in this Topic Collection focus on safety strategies (e.g., preventing fatigue, ensuring the availability and correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintaining behavioral health (e.g., working through stress and preventing/addressing compassion fatigue)." The resources are divided into the following sections for ease of navigation: [1] Must Reads; [2] Behavioral Health and Resilience: Research and General Guidance; [3] Behavioral Health and Resilience: Resources for Supervisors; [4] Behavioral Health and Resilience: Resources for Responders; [5] Education and Training; [6] Occupational Safety; [7] Personal Protective Equipment; [8] Plans, Tools, and Templates; [9] Responder Fatigue; [10] Select Occupational Safety and Health Standards; and [11] Agencies and Organizations.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
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Impeachment of President Donald J. Trump (2021) [website]
This website includes a compilation of bills, proceedings, and documents related to the impeachment of Donald J. Trump. From the Govinfo About page: "govinfo is a service of the United States Government Publishing Office (GPO), which is a Federal agency in the legislative branch. govinfo provides free public access to official publications from all three branches of the Federal Government. [...] In addition to providing an advanced, metadata-powered search experience, govinfo also includes a content management system and a standards-compliant preservation repository."
United States. Government Publishing Office
