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National Security Decision Memorandum 279: Geneva Protocol of 1925 and Riot Control Agents and Chemical Herbicides
In National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 279, President Ford "has reviewed the interagency report on the riot control agents and chemical herbicides issues and the Geneva Protocol of 1925 and associated agency views. The President considers it important that the United States ratify the Geneva Protocol. The President is therefore prepared, in reaffirming the current U.S. understanding of the scope of the Protocol, to renounce as a matter of national policy (1) first use of herbicide in war except use, under regulations applicable to either domestic use, for control of vegetation within U.S. bases and installations or around their immediate defensive perimeters, and (2) first use of riot control agents as an offensive weapon of war to facilitate or increase casualties.
United States. White House Office
1974-11-02
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Briefing Book: Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974
This briefing book describes the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, which was designed "to reduce losses of life and property through better fire prevention and control, and for other purposes". Contents include: President's Signing Statement; Memorandum, OMB [Office of Management and Budget] to the President (Summarizes issues concerning Act, and forwards Signing Statement reiterating objections to HEW related provisions); Letter Bakke to Ash (Summarizes Act, as well as our concerns about organization and management thereunder, and urges enactment); Congressional Record for October 9, 1974 which Includes HEW [Health, Education, and Welfare] letters detailing their objections, explanation of Conference Committee actions, and record of vote; and sample questions and answers.
National Fire Academy
1974-10-29
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National Security Decision Memorandum 276: FY 1975-1976 Nuclear Weapons Stockpile
In National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 276, President Ford approves "the proposed nuclear weapons stockpile for FY 1975-1977 submitted by the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Atomic Energy Committee (AEC) on August 27, 1974. Specifically, the President approves: -- A total adjusted stockpile of [censored] nuclear warheads for the end of FY 1975 and [censored] nuclear warheads for the end of FY 1976. -- A total stockpile of [censored] nuclear warheads for the end of FY 1977, and associated planned production of [censored] nuclear warheads and planned retirement of [censored] nuclear warheads during FY 1977.
United States. White House Office
1974-10-15
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Safety Analysis Report for Livermore Pool Type Reactor
"This Safety Analysis Report [SAR] has been prepared to provide a comprehensive review of those considerations involving the Livermore Pool Type Reactor that could bear on the safety of the general public, personnel working at the Lawrence Livermore [LLL] site, and parsons working within this facility. The report describes the facility, presents the design bases and the limits on its operation, and presents a safety analysis of the structure, systems and components, the reactor core, reactor coolant system, instrumentation and control systems, electrical systems, containment systems, other engineered safety features, auxiliary and emergency systems, and of the system as a whole. Specialists representing a number of different disciplines from LLL were consulted and have contributed to the preparation of this SAR. Special studies, analyses, and operational procedures that bear on this report and were prepared as separate documents are included as appendices. This analysis shows that the design and operation of the facility presents no undue hazard to the general public or employees and will have no adverse effect on the general environment."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1974-09-19
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Storm Tide Frequency Analysis for the Coast of Georgia
From the abstract: "Storm tide height frequency distributions are developed on the Georgia coast for the National Flood Insurance Program by computing storm tides from a full set of climatologically representative hurricanes, using the National Weather Service hydrodynamic storm surge model. Tide levels are shown in coastal profile between annual frequencies of 0.10 to 0.002. This report is intended for use in estimating actuarial risk to buildings from coastal floods and in land use management."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. Department of Commerce; United States. National Weather Service
Ho, Francis P.
1974-09
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Cost-Effective Housing Systems for Disaster Relief: Evaluation of Applicable Housing Systems Technology; Volume 4
This report examines the entire spectrum of lightweight industrialized housing systems and selected subsystems and evaluates them as temporary accommodations for disaster relief. The purpose of the report is to isolate potentially applicable housing systems and, through a process of pre-selection, identify a limited number of systems that can be rigorously analyzed for cost-effectiveness in Task II. [...] The framework for evaluating housing systems emerged from the cooperation of interested manufacturers and the application of specific criteria proposed by HUD [U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]. Systems are classified by their usefulness for temporary housing or permanent housing. Although typical systems produced by the manufactured housing industry are not suitable for temporary shelter, they were analyzed for use in a new form of housing assistance: the Fast Delivery Permanent Home. This approach is proposed to offer displace families, as an alternative to temporary housing assistance, the option of effective assistance for moving into and new, permanent home in the shortest possible time.
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Office of Policy Development and Research
Abeles Schwartz Associates; Beyer Blinder Belle, Architects & Planners
1974-09
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On-Site Assistance: A Guide for Surveying, Developing, and Maintaining Community Disaster Readiness
"This revised guidance is issued for all involved in DCPA-sponsored On-Site Assistance (OSA), and provides instructions concerning procedures to be followed in conducting OSA projects for local jurisdictions. It reflects experience since the original publication in May 1972 and contains the substance of subsequent guidance issued by various means. The importance of the use of DCPA Standards for Local Civil Preparedness in OSA is also emphasized. The appended material (in a separate document, MP-63-l) furnishes examples of OSA documents and procedures, such as preliminary hazard analysis format; detailed survey questions; and sample action plans and checklists to aid in the OSA process. The first task in OSA is to ascertain: 'What is the real status of local emergency operational readiness?' This question can be answered by measuring the 'success' communities have had in responding to actual disasters, or by investigating the situation by surveying and evaluating local emergency operational readiness on an individual on-site basis. Once it is fully understood what actual capabilities currently exist, then measures can be taken either to develop operational capabilities where deficiencies exist or to maintain existing capabilities and proficiencies."
United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
1974-09
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On-Site Assistance: A Guide for Surveying, Developing, and Maintaining Community Disaster Readiness: Appendices
Appendices to the guide that "is intended to provide an explanation of the goals and objectives of the On-Site Assistance (OSA) effort and to present suggested and proven methods and techniques for achieving these goals and objectives. The following chapters are directed toward developing a sound understanding of the OSA concept and attendant community readiness survey methods for determining the current status of operational readiness for a local community. The importance of each step in the process is explained from selection of communities, scheduling OSA activities, through the actual conduct of followup assistance. The types of followup assistance likely to be needed are described and the determination of local exercise requirements is discussed. Possibly one of the most important elements necessary to the success of the OSA effort is the need for adopting the proper attitude toward the task. Although OSA is essentially complementary to the various DCPA local readiness support programs, there are also significant differences. An initially and understandable reaction to OSA by some Federal and State civil preparedness professionals was, 'I've been doing these things all along; there's nothing new here,;' or 'I don't need someone to tell me how to do my job!' However, most of these civil preparedness personnel later indicated, after having participated, that OSA involves a considerably different approach to operational readiness."
United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
1974-09
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Executive Order 11800: Delegating Certain Authority Vested in the President by the Aviation Career Incentive Act of 1974
"The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, with respect to members of the uniformed service under their respective jurisdictions, are hereby designated and empowered to exercise, without approval, ratification, or other action by the President, the functions vested in the President by section 301a of title 37 of the United States Code, as added by section 2 (3) of the Aviation Career Incentive Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-29-1; 88 Stat. 177) with respect to entitlement of regular and reserve officers of the uniformed services, including flight surgeons and other medical officers, to aviation career incentive pay for the frequent and regular performance of operational or proficiency flying duty."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006
1974-08-17
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National Security Decision Memorandum 265: The National Security Council System
In National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 265, President Ford directs that "the National Security Council System shall assist me in carrying out my responsibilities for the national security affairs and the National Security Council shall continue to be the principle forum for the consideration of policy issues requiring Presidential determination. The operation of the National Security Council System will continue to be under the direction of the Assistant to the President [National Security Affairs]. Communications to me relating to national security matters shall be transmitted through the Assistant to the President (National Security Affairs)."
United States. White House Office
1974-08-09
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Study of Climatological Research as it Pertains to Intelligence Problems
"The western world's leading climatologists have confirmed recent reports of a detrimental global climatic change. The stability of most nations is based upon a dependable source of food, but this stability will not be possible under the new climatic era. A forecast by the University of Wisconsin projects that the earth's climate is returning to that of the neo-boreal era (1600-850) - an era of drought, famine, and political unrest in the western world. A responsibility of the Intelligence Community is to assess a nation's capability and stability under varying internal or external pressures. The assessments normally include an analysis of the country's social, economic, political, and military sectors. The implied economic and political intelligence issues resulting from climate change range far beyond this traditional concept of intelligence. The analysis of these issues is based upon two key questions: Can the Agency depend on climatology as a science to accurately project the future? What knowledge and understanding is available about world food production and can the consequences of a large climatic change be assessed?"
United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Office of Research and Development
1974-08
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Executive Order 11790: Providing for the effectuation of the Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974
This Executive Order deals with the authority of the Secretary of Energy to delegate authority within the Federal Energy Administration.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994
1974-06-25
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Report on the Review of Security Requirements of the National Reconnaissance Program
This report from the National Reconnaissance Office "covers alternative options with regard to degrees of secrecy, declassification, and decompartmentation." "This report responds to tasking by the Director of Central Inte11igence and the Director, National Reconnaissance Office for a review of the need for continuing covert security for the National Reconnaissance Program in today's environment."
United States. National Reconnaissance Office
1974-06-24
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J.W. Plummer, Director, National Reconnaissance Office, Memorandum for the Director of Central Intelligence Regarding Security Requirements for the NRO
This "memo is itself a cover letter explaining that its attachment is the final report of a working group that has been studying the security requirements of the NRO." For the report, see "Report on the Review of Security Requirements of the National Reconnaissance Program."
United States. National Reconnaissance Office
1974-06-19
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NRDS Nuclear Rocket Effluent Program 1959-1970
"This report reviews the health implications of radioactive effluent released during nuclear rocket engine tests at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station (NRDS), Jackass Flats, Nevada, prior to 1970. During this period, nuclear rocket engine concepts incorporated an open-cycle hydrogen-cooled, reactor with core operating temperatures of approximately 4,000°F, which cause small quantities of fission products to migrate from the fuel and to be released in the rocket engine exhaust as gases or micrometersized particulates; radioactivity released in this manner is called the 'aerosol effluent.' Core operating conditions caused minor fuel element erosion and corrosion, releasing particles with high radioactivity content (roughly [10 to the 11th power] fissions per particle) and diameters of tens of micrometers; these particles are referred to as the 'particulate effluent.' NRDS adjoins the Nevada Test Site and the Nellis Air Force Range and is located about 80 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, in an area of low population density and limited agricultural usage. Lathrop Wells (population less than 100), the nearest town, is about 15 miles from the testing locations. Estimates of doses, both potential and actual, resulting from exposure of the off-site population to aerosol effluent from past tests have been 15% or less of the appropriate Federal Radiation Council (FRC) guides and Atomic Energy Commission (AEG) standards."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Bernhardt, David E.; Evans, R. B. (Robert Berton), 1930-; Grossman, Richard F.
1974-06
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Public Law 93-288: Disaster Relief Act of 1974
"An Act entitled the 'Disaster Relief Act: Amendments of 1974.'" Also known as the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, this act was enacted on 22 May 1974, and has since been amended several times. "It is the intent of the Congress, by this Act, to provide an orderly and continuing means of assistance by the Federal Government to State and local governments in carrying out their responsibilities to alleviate the suffering and damage which result from such disasters by: expanding relief programs; encouraging comprehensive disaster preparedness plans; achieving greater coordination and responsiveness of disaster preparedness programs; encouraging individuals, States, and local governments to protect themselves by obtaining insurance; encouraging hazard mitigation measures to reduce losses from disasters; providing Federal assistance programs for both public and private losses sustained in disasters; and providing a long-range economic recovery program for major disaster areas."
United States. Government Printing Office
1974-05-22
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Exercise Super-Rabbit, a Livermore Pool Type Reactor Disaster Exercise
"A simulated disaster designed to exercise the LLL[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory] Disaster Control Plan, the Livermore Pool Type Reactor (LPTR) Disaster Control Plan, and the various LLL disaster control support organizations and facilities is described. A simulated LPTR experiment, which resulted in damage to the reactor and injuries to reactor personnel, required response to an uncontrollable reactor, rescue and evacuation of contaminated victims in a high radiation field, decontamination of facilities and personnel. and medical attention for injured operations personnel. The exercise required an alert of the LLL emergency response system and subsequent upgrading from a local accident status to that of a major disaster. The LLL Disaster Control Organization and required support units responded and implemented the LLL and LPTR Disaster Control Plans. Evaluation of the response was provided by umpires and followed by a critique of all personnel involved in the exercise."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Palmer, T.D.; Purington, Robert G.; Trolan, Rice T.
1974-05-01
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National Security Decision Memorandum 254: Domestic Safeguards
National Security Decision Memorandum 254 is directed to the Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission. "The President has reviewed the report forwarded on February 15, 1974 on domestic safeguards, as directed by NSSM 120 and the subsequent memorandum of May 4, 1971 for the Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The President has noted the conclusions of the report, and particularly those regarding the needs (1) to weigh the possibilities of sabotage, plutonium contamination threats, an armed attacks (for example, by terrorists), along with the nuclear device threat, (2) to have a continuing process of threat assessment and establishment of appropriate countermeasures, and (3) to maintain fully adequate and essentially equivalent, in terms of quality and extent, safeguards systems in the licensed and license-exempt sectors."
United States. White House Office
1974-04-27
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National Security Decision Memorandum 253: Membership of the National Security Council Intelligence Committee
National Security Decision Memorandum 253 is directed to: the Secretary of Defense; the Secretary of the Treasury; the Attorney General; the Deputy Secretary of State; the Director of Central Intelligence; and the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. "The President has decided that the membership of the National Security Council Intelligence Committee [NSCIC] shall include an Under Secretary of the Treasury. The NSCIC, as established by the President's memorandum dated November 5, 1971. As stated in the President's November 5, 1971 memorandum, the NSCIC 'will give direction and guidance on national substantive intelligence needs and provide for a continuing evaluation of intelligence products from the viewpoint of the intelligence consumer."
United States. White House Office
1974-04-24
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Time Distortion in Nuclear War
"Past considerations of nuclear war, particularly those involving battlefield use, have not taken into account a major factor: the time-dependent nature of the human body's response to radiation. This factor is likely to introduce changes in the temporal nature of warfare as profound as the spatial changes associated with the increased explosive power of nuclear munitions. High fatality rates will last for days following a nuclear event and must be taken into account. Continued lack of attention to this aspect of nuclear warfare is likely to result in inappropriate choices of military posture, doctrine, and equipment."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Gustavson, M.R.
1974-04-10
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Code of Conduct and the Vietnam Prisoners of War
"The purpose of this paper its to review the Code of Conduct in the perspective of the Vietnam prisoner of war experience and to recommend any changes that should be made to the code itself and to the training and indoctrination of the members of the Armed Forces in the Code of Conduct. Additionally, recommendations are presented for the education of the members of the Armed Forces and the U.S. public in order to minimize the use of POWS by future enemies as political hostages and propaganda vehicles."
National War College (U.S.)
McCain, John, 1936-
1974-04-08
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Reconnaissance in Mountain Terrain
"This booklet sets forth the effect of mountainous terrain conditions on the organization and conduct of reconnaissance in modern war. Recomnmendations and methods f or the surmounting of various obstacles are included in the report. It also gives features of small -reconnalssaxnce-unit actions in observation, raids, ambush and operations in the enemy rear."
US Army Foreign Science and Technology Center
Sinyaev, A. D.
1974-04-03
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Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1973
From the abstract: "The general overview of the 1973 hurricane season in the North Atlantic is presented together with detailed accounts of all named tropical storms."
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
Hebert, Paul J.; Frank, Neil L., 1931-
1974-04
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Executive Order 11776: Continuing the President's Committee on Mental Retardation and Broadening its Membership and Responsibilities
"The President's Committee on Mental Retardation, established by Executive Order No. 11280 on May 11, 1966, has mobilized national planning and carried out basic programs in the field of mental retardation. National goals have been established to reduce the occurrence of mental retardation by one-half before the end of the century and to return one-third of the people in mental institutions to useful lives in their communities. The achievement of these goals will require the most effective possible use of public and private resources. Our country has become increasingly aware in recent years of the need to assure those who are retarded their full status as citizens under the law, and of the continuing need to mobilize the support of the general public and of specialized professional and volunteer groups for mental retardation activities. We also know that we must constantly evaluate existing programs to determine their adequacy and must continually consider a broad range of proposals for new mental retardation activities."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994
1974-03-28
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Flood Plain - Handle With Care!
"Almost everyone knows that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers builds dams, dikes and levees. The Corps is famous-or, in the opinion of some of its critics, infamous-for its public works projects designed to control floods. Not so well known, however, is a broader Corps approach to the problem of flooding: a 'management' approach. The management approach to flood problems means identifying the nature of the flood hazard in a specific area. It means using that basic information and common sense to protect lives. And to prevent or minimize damage to land and buildings subject to flooding. In brief, the management approach means wise use of flood plains. This booklet describes, in non-technical language, some of the fundamentals of wise flood plain management. It stresses non-traditional aspects of flood plain management, those that can be undertaken by a community itself. A word of caution, however. This booklet is not a panacea. The Corps, through its Flood Plain Management Services program, can provide information, technical assistance, and planning guidance. But in the final analysis, how a community uses or abuses its flood plain is up to the community itself."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1974-03
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National Security Decision Memorandum 245: Instructions for the SALT Talks, Geneva, February 19, 1974
National Security Decision Memorandum [NSDM] 245 is directed to: the Secretary of Defense; the Deputy Secretary of State; the Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; and the Chairman, U.S. SALT [Strategic Arms Limitation Talks] Delegation. "The President has reviewed NSDM's 213, 216 and 233 and the work of the Verification Panel and has approved the following instructions for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks beginning on February 19, 1974, in Geneva. (1) The Delegation should make clear that the United States has undertaken an extensive review of both sides' approach to the negotiations. The overall U.S. objective continues to be a permanent agreement limiting strategic offensive arms which provides a high degree of equivalence in central strategic systems -- ICBM's [intercontinental ballistic missile], SLBM's [submarine-launched ballistic missile] and heavy bombers. (2) The Delegation should reemphasize that the U.S. considers the establishment of equal aggregate limits on the number, and substantially equal aggregate throw weight, of central strategic systems to be primary elements in establishing such equivalence."
United States. White House Office
1974-02-19
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National Security Decision Memorandum 242: Policy for Planning the Employment of Nuclear Weapons
National Security Decision Memorandum [NSDM] 242 is directed to: the Secretary of State; Secretary of Defense; Director, Central Intelligence Agency; and Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. From the Document: "Based on a review of the study conducted in response to NSSM [National Security Study Memoranda] 169 and discussions by the Verification Panel, I have reached the following decisions on United States policy regarding planning for nuclear weapons employment. These decisions do not constitute a major new departure in U.S. nuclear strategy; rather, they are an elaboration of existing policy. The decisions reflect both existing political and military realities and my desire for a more flexible nuclear posture. This NSDM provides the policy framework for planning the employment of U.S. nuclear weapons. It also establishes the process by which the principal aspects of this policy will be coordinated, reviewed and revised."
United States. White House Office
1974-01-17
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Evaluation of Remotely Piloted Vehicles in the Antiarmor Role
From the document abstract: "There exists a need in the United States Army for a weapons system that is capable of engaging armored vehicles at ranges far exceeding the range of the main armament of the tank. This need is currently being filled by the TV guided bomb and the helicopter mounted TOW [Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, Wire command] missile. However, both of these systems suffer from the drawbacks of high cost and high vulnerability to antiaircraft artillery and missiles. The Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) is a new weapons concept that is examined and compared with the two existing systems. The RPV is found to be far less expensive and much less vulnerable to antiaircraft fire but suffers some possible problems in an electronic countermeasures environment. Some possible solutions to this ECM [Electronic Counter Measures] problem are offered which promise to make the RPV a superior antitank weapon when used as a laser designator for a terminally guided, laser homing weapon."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
1974-01-10
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Memorandum for [Deleted], Chairman Ad HocGroup Studying Security of the NRO, Regarding History of NRO Security Breaches
"This memo, from the chief of the CIA Special Security Center, summarizes the eight references to the NRO that had appeared in the press, starting with the January 22, 1971, mention in the New York Times. The redactions apparently include all commentary on the accuracy of the press discussions."
United States. Central Intelligence Agency
1974-01-07
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Mandate for Readiness: U.S. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency Annual Report 1974
"The mind rebels against thinking about disaster. Disasters are never pleasant events-they can't always be averted-but with advance planning, their effects can be mitigated. Preparing for disaster is the major concern of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA). The Congress thought about it nearly 25 years ago-to the extent that legislation was passed, called 'The Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950'. That is how modern-day civil defense, now broadened to 'civil preparedness', came into being. Their concern at the time was the threat of largescale aerial attacks on cities and industrial centers. That concern remains today, as it applies to the more powerful and more extensive effects which can be generated by nuclear weapons. Much has been accomplished on the international scene, and work continues, to assure a peaceful world. But the possibility of attack on this country always exists, and disasters are a daily occurrence in peacetime. That is why DCPA guidance and support is provided to State and local governments to help them establish and improve their emergency operations capabilities. And that is why DCPA assistance is aimed at developing a dual-use capability-a capability for use of personnel, facilities, equipment, and systems to meet the needs of a nuclear-caused disaster and the day-today requirements of peacetime disasters as well."
United States. Department of Defense; United States. Defense Civil Preparedness Agency
1974
