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• Nuclear Terrorism: A Threat Assessment and Proposed Strategy

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  "Understanding the nature and effects of the terrorist threat in the nuclear age is one of the most significant problems facing U.S. national security leaders. This paper traces the evolution of the threat of nuclear terrorism in the U.S. An original vulnerability and threat assessment strategic framework is developed to analyze the scope and magnitude of the threat by balancing the potential risks and safeguards. An overall threat assessment is developed from an analysis of the framework. Using this assessment as a strategy underpinning, a proposed U.S. Government strategic framework is developed to counter the threat of nuclear terrorism."

  National Defense University

  Newson, William M.

  1986-02
• National Drug Policy: Fact or Fiction

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  "This report discusses the threat that illegal narcotics poses to domestic and international policy of the United States. Illegal narcotics has grown to be a one hundred billion dollar problem now affecting United States national security interests and the conduct of foreign policy. This paper also reviews the Federal effort to address the problem and draws the conclusion that the present effort is fragmented indicating a lack of established national policy goals and objectives. Without national objectives it is extremely difficult to develop effective programs and measure their success. Recommendations are made for national drug policy, goals and objectives."

  National Defense University

  Zadareky, Joseph T.

  1986-02
• National Program for Combatting Terrorism

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  The Vice President's Task Force on Combatting Terrorism has completed an in-depth review of our current policies, capabilities, and resources for dealing with the terrorist threat. I have reviewed the Task Force Report and accompanying recommendations and concluded that our strategy is sound. I have determined that we must enhance our ability to confront this threat and to do so without compromising our basic democratic and human values. Terrorists undertake criminal acts that involve the use or threat of violence against innocent persons. These acts are premeditated, intended to achieve a political objective through coercion or intimidation of an audience beyond the immediate victims. U.S. citizens and installations, especially abroad, are increasingly being targeted for terrorist acts. Our policy, programs and responses must be effective in ameliorating this threat to our people, property and interests.

  National Security Council (U.S.)

  1986-01-20
• National Security Decision Directive 207: The National Program for Combatting Terrorism

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  From the Document: "National Security Decision Directive 207 provides policy guidance on combatting terrorism: U.S. policy on terrorism is unequivocal: firm opposition to terrorism in all its forms whether it is domestic terrorism perpetrated within U.S. territory, or international terrorism conducted inside or outside U.S. territory by foreign nationals or groups. The policy is based upon the conviction that to accede to terrorist demands places more American citizens at risk. This no-concessions policy is the best way of protecting the greatest number of people and ensuring their safety. At the same time, every available resource will be used to gain the safe return of American citizens who are held by terrorists."

  United States. White House Office

  1986-01-20
• DoD Directive 5525.5: DoD Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Officials

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  This Directive reissues DoD Directive 5525.5, March 22, 1982 "to update uniform DoD policies and procedures to be followed with respect to support provided to Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement efforts; and assigns responsibilities."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1986-01-15
• Department of Defense Directive: DoD Cooperation with Civilian Law Enforcement Officials

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  "This Directive reissues reference (a) to update uniform DoD [U.S. Department of Defense] policies and procedures to be followed with respect to support provided to Federal, State, and local civilian law enforcement efforts; and assigns responsibilities."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1986-01-15
• National Security Decision Directive 205: Acting Against Libyan Support of International Terrorism

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  The scope of National Security Decision Directive 205 concerns Libyan-sponsored terrorist activity against western targets and sets forth policies including economic sanctions to be imposed against Libya.

  United States. White House Office

  1986-01-08
• Safeguards Resource Management

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  "Protecting nuclear materials is a challenging problem for facility managers. To counter the broad spectrum of potential threats, facility managers rely on diverse safeguards measures, including elements of physical protection, material control and accountability, and human reliability programs. Deciding how to upgrade safeguards systems involves difficult tradeoffs between increased protection and the costs and operational impact of protection measures. Effective allocation of safeguards and security resources requires a prioritization of system upgrades based on a relative measure of upgrade benefits to upgrade costs. Analytical tools are needed to help safeguards managers measure the relative benefits and costs and allocate their limited resources to achieve balanced, cost-effective protection against the full spectrum of threats. This paper presents a conceptual approach and quantitative model that have been developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to aid safeguards managers. The model is in the preliminary stages of implementation, and an effort is ongoing to make the approach and quantitative model available for general use. The model, which is designed to complement existing nuclear safeguards evaluation tools, incorporates a variety of factors and integrates information on the likelihood of potential threats, safeguards capabilities to defeat threats, and the relative consequences if safeguards fail. The model uses this information to provide an overall measure for comparing safeguards upgrade projects at a facility."

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

  Strait, R. Scott

  1986-01-01
• Lethal Terrorist Actions Against Americans 1973-1985

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  "This report provides a list of the lethal terrorist actions targeting Americans overseas that were recorded by Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Threat Analysis Division (DSfTAD) as of December 31, 1985. […] This chronology contains all recorded terrorism-related deaths, assassinations, and attempted assassinations of Americans. Kidnappings are included when U.S. hostages were killed or when they disappeared without any communication from the kidnappers. Bombings and rocket attacks directed at U.S. facilities are listed only when people (either Americans or foreign nationals) were killed or injured. Attempted bombings, where the device was discovered and defused, are not included since no act of violence actually occurred."

  United States. Department of State. Bureau of Diplomatic Security

  1986
• Floodproofing Non-Residential Structures

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  "This manual has been developed to illustrate a broad range of floodproofing techniques that can be used to reduce flood damages to existing or proposed non-residential structures. The manual is primarily directed at local officials, building owners, designers, contractors and other individuals or organizations that are interested in the design and implementation of floodproofing plans."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1986
• Nuclear-Weapon Free Zone Proposals: Strategic Implications for the United States

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  "This study examines how the two existing nuclear-weapon free zones (NWFZ), one in Latin America and the other in the South Pacific, have affected US strategic interests in the two regions. It also considers the possibility of the establishment of NWFZs in other regions, including Scandinavia, the Balkans, Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The information in this study was derived from a variety of open sources available at the Library of Congress."

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Katz, Rodney P.

  1986
• Statistical Report United States Attorneys Offices: Fiscal Year 1986

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  This Annual Statistical Report summarizes and presents the criminal prosecutions and civil litigation conducted by the United States Attorneys in Fiscal Year 1986.

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  1986?
• Mercenary Training Camps: U.S.-Based Private Counterterrorism/Mercenary Training Camps, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session, October 2, 1985,

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  This is the October 2, 1985 hearing on "Mercenary Training Camps: U.S.-Based Private Counterterrorism/Mercenary Training Camps," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary. From the Opening Statement of Jeremiah Denton: "This morning we will commence the hearing on U.S.-based private counterterrorism/mercenary training camps, a growing national phenomenon which may impact our foreign policy, our relations with other national states, the safety of the public, and the image of the United States abroad. In November 1984, Alabama was castigated in the national and international media for being the home of a training camp for terrorists and assassins. Some of the charges were incorrect and unfair. However, there is room for concern and a need for investigation." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark Richard, Victoria Toensing, Michael Matheson, Clyde Bryant, Daniel Hartnett, Wayne Gilbert, and William H. Webster.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1986
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the Administration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First and Second Sessions on H.R. 3378 Electronic Communications Privacy Act, September 26, October 24, 1985, January 30, and March 5, 1986

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  From the opening statement of Robert W. Kastenmeier: "This morning we begin a series of hearings on H.R. 3378, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1985[....] When Congress passed the wiretap law in 1968, there was a clear consensus that telephone calls should be private. Earlier Congresses had reached that same consensus regarding mail and telegrams. But in the almost 20 years since Congress last addressed the issue of privacy of communications in a comprehensive fashion, the technologies of communication and interception have changed drastically[....] These new modes of communication have outstripped the legal protection provided under statutory definitions bound by old technologies. The unfortunate result is that the same technologies that hold such promise for the future also enhance the risk that our communications will be intercepted by either private parties or the Government." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert W. Kastenmeier, Neal J. Amick, Michael F. Cavanagh, Richard T. Colgan, Clifford S. Fishman, Frederick D. Hess, James Knapp, John W. Kelly, Jr., George Kuhnreich, Patrick J. Leahy, P. Michael Nugent, Philip J. Quigley, John W. Stanton, Philip M. Walker, Fred W. Weingarten, and Perry F. Williams.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1986
• SDI: A Strategy for Peace and Stability or the End to Deterrence

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  "Since the advent of the nuclear age, humanity has existed and 'progressed' in a politico-military climate increasingly threatened by the possibility of instant annihilation. The prevailing condition now is one in which two superpowers possess and control the means, many times over, to terminate life as we know it on this planet. The nuclear capacities of the United States and the Soviet Union alone equate to roughly two and one half tons of dynamite for each person on the earth.' In this bipolar world, in which the antithetical political ideologies of the two superpowers continually and almost daily conflict with each other at varying levels of intensity, a state of mutual nuclear fear has also existed. Although it cannot be empirically proven, it appears that this state of mutual fear (i.e. the fear that one nation would inflict a nuclear counterstrike of unacceptably devastating proportion against the other, should the other strike first) has successfully ensured that to date these weapons of mass destruction have not been used to settle political differences. This threat of retaliation, in several variations, has become the bedrock of a general philosophy (I hesitate to say strategy) referred to as 'deterrence.'"

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Windmiller, David E.

  1986
• Pacific Command: Multinational Strategy

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  From the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability website: "The United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) Multinational Strategy (MNS), published in 1986, defines USPACOM objectives in working with each nation in the pacific theater. The report states that 'the need for a multinational strategy was first expressed in the Defense Guidance budget of President Reagan's administration. The Defense Guidance stated that global strategy required the U.S. and its allies to contain and reverse the expansion of Soviet control and military presence throughout the world.' The [MNS] thus examines the objectives of the USPACOM in working with multiple nations. The report states that 'the USPACOM Stategy is built primarily on a foundation of bilateral relationships. Larger regional coalitions, to the extent that they can exist, depend on these bilateral relationships and the interactions of the coalition members.'"

  United States. Pacific Command

  1986
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.47 No.3)

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  This is Volume 47, No.3 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1986
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.47 No.2)

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  This is Volume 47, No.2 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1986
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.47 No.1)

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  This is Volume 47, No.1 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1986
• Fire Management Notes (Vol.46 No.4)

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  This is Volume 46, No.4 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1986
• Political Asylum Procedures for Alien Crewman: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session on Political Asylum Procedures for Alien Crewman and How They Were Applied to a Soviet Seaman, Miroslav Medvid, November 5 and 7, 1985

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  From the opening statement of the Hon. Alan K. Simpson, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming, Chairman, Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy: "We are here to discuss our Nation's political asylum procedures for alien crewmen in general and in particular how these procedures were applied to a Soviet seaman, Miroslav Medvid. Some of you have heard me say before I do not know what legislative gods have visited upon me the chairmanship of nuclear regulation, immigration and refugee policy, and formerly veterans' affairs, but it is a dazzling array of things that I get to dabble in here. One of the tough things in this area of immigration and refugee policy is that before 1980, being from a Communist country was sufficient to qualify a person as a refugee. That is not the case; under the 1980 refugee act, one must demonstrate persecution or a well founded fear of persecution based upon race, religion, nationality, origin, or membership in a particular social group or political opinion. That is what a refugee is. The fact that one is from a Communist country is not sufficient in itself to qualify one as a refugee. Today we are here to determine if there are additional facts; we need to know them and try to lay to rest the inaccurate information. If this matter was indeed handled improperly, what actions must we take here in our country to ensure that it does not occur again? I think that is the issue. I am very pleased to have the subcommittee members joining me in this effort." Materials submitted for the record include those of the following: J. Robert Grimes, Jim Hergen, Gordon J. Humphrey, Alan C. Nelson, Irene Padoch, and William M. Woessner.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1986
• Immigration Marriage Fraud: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session on Fraudulent Marriage and Fiance Arrangements to Obtain Permanent Immigration Status, July 26, 1985

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  From the opening statement of the Hon. Alan K. Simpson, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming: "We are going to examine this issue of immigration marriage fraud, which could best be described I think as the use of nonbona fide marriage, or fraudulent marriage arrangements and fiance arrangements, which are made to obtain permanent resident immigration status. We are going to inquire into the nature and extent of this situation, determine whether we see but another way of gimmicking our generous, very generous legal immigration laws, consider whether legislation is necessary to address the problem, and if so, what form that legislation might take. Our present immigration laws reserve our very most favored top-drawer status for spouses of American citizens, and the U.S. system, based to a large degree upon the principle of family reunification, certainly there can be no more important reunification than spouses, husband and wife. And yet our concern to benefit the spouses of our citizens can make us very vulnerable to abuse, for among those relationships covered by family reunification, spouse is the one relationship that is largely self-created. We do not have the choices with mother and father and brother and sister, but we do have a rather significant part to play in his or her spouse, and the determination of what that is, obviously. So, today we will examine immigration marriages of convenience." Materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Patricia Beshara, Jose Caringal, Roger L. Conner, Jules E. Coven, Nancy J. Marrero, Amita Narielwala, Alan C. Nelson, David S. North, Richard E. Norton, Vernon D. Penner, Jr., and Cornelius Scully.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1986
• Midyear Consultation on U.S. Refugee Programs for Fiscal Year 1986: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session, June 20, 1986

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  From the opening statement of the Hon. Alan K. Simpson, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming, Chairman, Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Policy: "The Refugee Act of 1980 provides for "appropriate consultations" between representatives of the President and Members of the Congress to review the refugee situation. To my knowledge, this is the first midyear consultation which the Senate Judiciary Committee has held with the administration. I requested the consultation because of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings legislation and the effect it will necessarily have on the Refugee Program. In addition, a little over 1 year ago, I spent 2 weeks in Southeast Asia, and filed a rather extensive report with a broad range of observations, conclusions, and recommendations. The subcommittee and the committee are interested in knowing exactly how the various Gramm-Rudman-Hollings cuts will affect refugee admissions and the resettlement program here in the United States. I am also curious regarding the implementation of the recommendations contained in that report of last April. We are also interested in knowing the nature of the current refugee situation in Southeast Asia, which seems to be almost a never-ending story." Materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Phillip N. Hawkes, Edward M. Kennedy, Alan C. Nelson, and James N. Purcell, Jr.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1986
• Essays on Strategy III: Selections from the 1985 Joint Chiefs of Staff Essay Competition

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  "In 1982, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff sponsored the first JCS Strategy Essay Competition, challenging students at our Senior Service Schools to write innovatively about issues of national security. The students met the challenge well, and have continued to do so in each year's competition, examining old problems from new perspectives, raising new questions, proffering solutions. This book contains four essays that won recognition in the 1985 competition." The essays are: "International Terrorism and US Diplomacy: Putting the Genie Back Into the Bottle" by Lawrence P. Taylor; "Soviet Military Policy: Subject of Political-Military Infighting?" By Voy J. Nicholson and Charles T. Robertson, Jr.; "The New Soviet Aircraft Carrier: Implications for the United States: by D. A. Richwine; and "Operational Art in the US Army: New Vigor" by L. D. Holder."

  National Defense University

  1986-01
• DoD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria

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  "The trusted computer system evaluation criteria defined in this document classify systems into four broad hierarchical divisions of enhanced security protection. They provide a basis for the evaluation of effectiveness of security controls built into automatic data processing system products. The criteria were developed with three objectives in mind: (a) to provide users with a yardstick with which to assess the degree of trust that can be placed in computer systems for the secure processing of classified or other sensitive information; (b) to provide guidance to manufacturers as to what to build into their new, widely-available trusted commercial products in order to satisfy trust requirements for sensitive applications; and (c) to provide a basis for specifying security requirements in acquisition specifications. Two types of requirements are delineated for secure processing: (a) specific security feature requirements and (b) assurance requirements."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1985-12-26
• National Security Decision Directive 204: Transfer of National Intelligence Collection Tasking Authority

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  National Security Decision Directive 204 "provides policy guidance concerning the transfer of national intelligence collection tasking authority between the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) as warranted by international crisis conditions."

  United States. White House Office

  1985-12-24
• National Security Decision Directive 203: Nuclear Testing Limitation: Responding to the Soviet Proposal of December 5

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  National Security Decision Directive 203 provides policy guidance on Nuclear Testing Limitation in response to Soviet proposals from Secretary General Gorbachev in a letter dated December 5, 1985.

  United States. White House Office

  1985-12-23
• National Security Decision Directive 202: Soviet Noncompliance with Arms Control Agreements

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  National Security Decision Directive 202 addresses U.S. policy in regards to Soviet violations of arms control agreements and lists specific instances of Soviet noncompliance.

  United States. White House Office

  1985-12-20
• National Security Decision Directive 201: National Security Emergency Preparedness (NSEP) Telecommunications Funding

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  National Security Decision Directive 201 directs that "Implementation and recurring costs for national level NSEP telecommunications programs (i.e. those which benefit multiple departments, agencies, or entities) shall be shared on a pro rata basis determined by each organization's share of NSEP telecommunications requirements. The Executive Agent, National Communications System (NCS) shall fund all development costs for national level NSEP telecommunications programs."

  United States. White House Office

  1985-12-17
• Industrial Security Regulation

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  This regulation is issued under the authority of Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 5220.22, "DoD Industrial Security Program," December 8, 1980. Its purpose is to prescribe uniform procedures that ensure the safeguard and protection of classified information made available to industry. The provisions of this regulation apply to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Military Departments and the DoD Agencies (hereafter referred to collectively as "DoD Components"), and to other federal agencies.

  United States. Department of Defense

  1985-12-04