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Chemical Weapons Storage: Communities Are Not Prepared to Respond to Emergencies, Statement of David R. Warren, Associate Director, Defense Management and NASA Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives
"State and local officials, in accordance with state law, have the primary responsibility for protecting the health and safety of the local communities in the event of an emergency involving chemical agents. Emergency management in any situation is made up of three phases: planning and preparation, response, and recovery. During the planning and preparatory phase, hazards are identified and mitigated and the resources needed to respond to an emergency are identified and obtained. In the response phase, resources are used to respond to an emergency situation. This phase may include such actions as alerting the community to the emergency and evacuating some portion of the population from the threatened area. Lastly, during the recovery phase, damage is assessed and repaired and people return to the area affected by the emergency. In an emergency associated with chemical weapons, the substances released have the potential for great harm, and quick reaction is exceedingly critical. Chemical agents can move with the ambient air and, at some sites, can travel off the installation boundaries in minutes. For this reason the alert and notification systems, protective actions, protective gear, and automation appropriate to such an emergency may differ from those required to cope with other potential local emergencies."
United States. Government Accountability Office
1993-07-16
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Transportation Security for Sensitive Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives
"Sensitive items include conventional arms, ammunition, and explosives that require transportation protective services while in-transit. These services are required because of the items' portability, potential use in criminal or terrorist acts, capability for inflicting severe casualties, and nonavailability in commercial markets. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls and other security arrangements for sensitive shipments of conventional arms, ammunition, and explosives."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
Young, Shelton R.; Gebka, John S.; Putnam, Albert L.
1993-07-08
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Field Manual FM 100-19: Domestic Support Operations
Domestic support operations are not new. They had their beginning with settlement of the new world and organization of the colonial militia. With the establishment of the United States and a federal military, the Army routinely provided support to state and territorial governors as the nation expanded westward. In some instances, it actually administered governmental affairs until the fledgling local government became a viable entity. Although the frequency of domestic support operations may increase, they are not in lieu of wartime operational requirements. The Army's primary mission remains to defend the United States and its interests. It is the Army's combat readiness that enables it to accomplish domestic support operations. This manual provides specific guidelines and operational principles in the conduct of domestic support operations. It emphasizes the utilization of the Army's core combat competencies and values to enhance combat readiness and the overall well-being of the nation.
United States. Department of the Army
1993-07-01
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Disaster Management: Improving the Nation's Response to Catastrophic Disasters, Report to Congressional Requesters
"To improve the federal response, the nation needs presidential involvement and leadership both before and after a catastrophic disaster strikes. The Federal Response Plan is FEMA's blueprint for responding to all disasters and emergencies. The plan is a cooperative agreement signed by 26 federal agencies and the American Red Cross for providing services when there is a need for federal response assistance following any type of disaster or emergency. The present version of the plan-developed following dissatisfaction with the response to Hurricane Hugo in 1989-was completed in April 1992. Hurricane Andrew marked the first time the plan was fully used. To underscore the commitment of the President, responsibility for catastrophic disaster preparedness and response should be placed with a key official in the White House. This would institutionalize the direct presidential involvement that occurred on an ad hoc basis in Hurricane Andrew and other recent major disasters. Furthermore, this organizational arrangement could increase the levels of attention given to emergency management responsibilities throughout the government, not just in times of catastrophic disasters." This report sets forth guidelines in establishing a more lasting response for U.S. response to crisis and disaster situations. In this regard, the role of FEMA, as well as consideration for government communication in the instance of planning response, are reviewed.
United States. Government Accountability Office
1993-07
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EPA Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Advisory Hydrogen Fluoride
"This advisory recommends ways Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) and chemical facilities can reduce risks posed by the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in their communities. Hydrogen fluoride, a strong inorganic acid, is produced and used as a gas or liquid without water (i.e., in anhydrous form), or in a water (aqueous) solution. The anhydrous form is potentially more hazardous than hydrogen fluoride in dilute water solutions, because anhydrous hydrogen fluoride has greater potential for fuming and forming vapor clouds. If anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is accidentally released, it may react with water vapor to form a white vapor cloud. Under certain conditions, such a cloud has the potential to travel considerable distances close to the ground and pose a threat to people in its path. EPA stresses that although mishandling of HF can cause harm, there is no cause for undue alarm about its presence in the community when it is properly and safely managed."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1993-07
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Security Awareness Bulletin: Treaty Inspections and Security
"The Security Awareness Bulletin is produced by the Department of Defense Security Institute. Primary distribution is to DoD components and contractors cleared for classified access under the Defense Industrial Security Program and Special Access Programs. Our purpose is to promote security awareness and compliance with
security procedures through dissemination of information to security trainers regarding current security and counterintelligence developments, training aids, and educational methods as well as through distribution of textual material for direct training application." This issue discusses arms control inspections and industrial security, the Industrial Security Awareness Council (ISAC) Network, and
the Security Program Improvement Network (SPIN).
United States. Department of Defense. Security Institute
1993-07
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Guide to Procurement of Trusted Systems: Language for RFP Specifications and Statements of Work - An Aid to Procurement Initiators
The purpose of this document is to facilitate the contracting process, provide
uniformity in competitive acquisitions, minimize procurement cost and risk,
avoid delays in the solicitation process, and help ensure the solicitation
is complete before its issuance.
United States. Department of Defense
1993-06-30
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Applicability of the Civil Service Provisions of Title 5 of the United States Code to the United States Enrichment Corporation: Memorandum for the General Counsel, United States Enrichment Corporation [June 22, 1993]
"You have requested our opinion on whether the United States Enrichment Corporation ('USEC') is subject to the civil service provisions of title 5 of the United States Code. We have concluded that, under the statute establishing USEC, title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, Pub. L. No. 102-486, 106 Stat. 2776, 2923 (codified at 42 U.S.C. §§ 2297-2297e-7) ('the Act'), USEC is exempt from the civil service provisions of title 5. Before USEC was established, the Department of Energy ('DOE') produced enriched uranium for use as fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. Congress decided that the DOE program was inefficient; the problems included increasing international competition, declining global market share, and billions of dollars in unrecovered costs of production. In response to these problems, Congress decided to transfer the DOE program to a government corporation that could eventually be sold to the private sector, in order to ensure that the program would be operated in a more business-like fashion."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1993-06-22
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Military Support to Law Enforcement and Posse Comitatus: Is the Search for Nontraditional Missions on a Collision Course with Operational Readiness?
"The potential danger to operational. readiness of the search for nontraditional roles and missions for the U.S. armed forces is examined. The paper explores the incentives for adding new missions to the armed forces in light of the post-Cold War 'draw-down' and looks at Military Support to Law Enforcement (MSLE) as an example fo [sic] the types of missions being considered for the military. It reviews the history of and recent changes to the Posse Comitatus Act, the traditional deterrent to military involvement in civilian law enforcement operations. Possible detrimental effects on operational readiness are discussed, as peacetime missions are equated to training for the wartime mission. Possible methods to evaluate potential missions are presented. The recommendation is made to keep the focus on the wartime mission and the needs of the operational commander when considering ancillary missions for the armed forces."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Baranzini, Richard D.
1993-06-18
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Modern Day Response to Piracy in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore
"This paper examines the complex problems and issues regarding piracy attacks on merchant ships within the area of responsibility for the United States Pacific Command (CINCPAC). Piracy attacks against merchant ships of all flags, including U.S., continue worldwide at an alarming rate with minimal governmental response. The Straits of Malacca and Singapore, Phillips Channel (between Indonesia and Singapore) and the South China Sea have the dubious distinction as the most active piracy waters and will be featured in this paper. Piracy is a national security concern to the United States as it impacts the national military and security strategy."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Tokarski, Kevin M.
1993-06-18
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War with Iran: Considerations for the Next Coalition Campaign
"Western nations and moderate Arab states view Iran's resurgent military strength with concern. Allied forces may be called upon in the future to form a coalition and conduct operations to deter Iran from interfering with the affairs of other nations. Such a coalition would face many problems similar to, and many different from, those which faced the nations participating in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Barring Iranian use of weapons of mass destruction, the coalition would likely implement a campaign plan which included political, diplomatic, economic and military measures with the limited goal of neutralizing Iran's capability to interfere in neighboring countries and adjacent air and sea space. The military sequence of events that would help achieve this end state might consist of the neutralization of key Iranian command and control nodes; the infrastructure supporting weapons of mass destruction; and offensive air, naval, and missile forces. Yet the coalition would be confronting an enemy with both the capability and will to vigorously resist. It is therefore likely that the application of limited military force, together with the questionable effectiveness of diplomatic, political and economic measures, would result in little, if any, long term change in Iranian foreign policy, and at best might offer only a short term reduction in Iran's capability to cause mischief beyond its borders."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Hoeing, Joseph B., Jr.
1993-06-18
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Presidential Decision Directive: Alien Smuggling
From the Document: "The recent increase in Asian criminal syndicate smuggling of Chinese nationals illegally into the U.S. by air, sea and across land borders is a matter of serious concern. At least until completion of the tasks set forth below, I direct that criminal-syndicate alien smuggling be dealt with[.]"
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1993-06-18
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Executive Order 12851: Administration of Proliferation Sanctions, Middle East Arms Control, and Related Congressional Reporting Responsibilities
Executive Order 12851 aims to administer proliferation sanctions for Middle East arms control purposes. Congressional reporting responsibilities are also discussed.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Clinton, Bill, 1946-
1993-06-11
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Theater Ballistic Missile Defense Policy, Missions and Programs: Current Status [June 10,1993]
"Theater missile defenses (TMD) increasingly are an important national security priority. But interest in TMD is not a recent development. Throughout the 1980s, Congress urged the executive branch to pursue a vigorous program to counter the threat of Soviet short range missiles in Europe. The result was mixed, and generally not to the satisfaction of Congress. The end of the Cold War and the rise of new challenges brought new emphasis to U.S. TMD efforts. This new effort is focused on addressing the threat arising from the global proliferation of missiles and weapons of mass destruction. The military services have identified several TMD requirements: active defenses, passive defenses, counterforce operations, and command control communications and intelligence. These requirements form the four main elements of the TMD program. The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO), formerly the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO), is in charge of the entire TMD effort. The military services and other defense agencies largely fill a supporting role. Most of the current TMD program is focused on developing active defense systems. Each of the four military services is pursuing interceptor programs designed for deployment in the near and far term. The immediate objective is to acquire some limited capabilities for addressing potential missile threats over the next several years. Additional, advanced TMD capabilities will be acquired later in this decade and beyond. Unexpected dramatic increases in the TMD budget and the surfeit of TMD programs suggest a critical review. Such a review might lead to significant budget savings."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hildreth, Steven A.
1993-06-10
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Public Law 103-36: Central Intelligence Agency Voluntary Separation Pay Act
An Act to authorize the establishment of a program under which employees of the Central Intelligence Agency may be offered separation pay to separate from service voluntarily to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to downsizing, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action, and for other purposes.
United States. Government Printing Office
1993-06-08
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Backflow Protection for Residential Sprinkler Systems
"This report addresses risk vs benefit issues associated with the installation of residential fire sprinkler systems. A primary objective of this assessment is to rate the risk of potable water contamination from a residential sprinkler system, and consequently to evaluate the need for installing backflow prevention devices."
United States Fire Administration
Hart, Frederick L.; Till, Robert; Nardini, Christine . . .
1993-06
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Study of Computer Security Policies for the Indonesian Navy
From the thesis abstract: "The Indonesian Navy recognized the need for a computer security program over ten years ago. They published their first computer security regulation in 1981. But that regulation is now obsolete because of the advances in technology and the increased availability of powerful computer systems. As computer systems become bigger, more complicated, easier to use, more interconnected, and more important, they become more vulnerable to hackers, terrorist, and disgruntled employees. This thesis demonstrates the need for an updated computer security regulation. To add in meeting that need, the thesis proposes a security program for the Indonesian Navy that is based on the multilevel trusted computer criteria published by the NCSC [National Computer Security Center] in the 'Orange Book', the Canadian Trusted Product Evaluation Criteria and ITSEC [Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria]. The proposed program includes additional regulations concerning physical security, data security, integrity and availability, and recommended trusted evaluation guide."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Herusutopo, Antonius
1993-06
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Islamic Terror and the West: A Question of Priorities
"President Mubarak of Egypt and Prime Minister Rabin of Israel have urged President Clinton to join with them in a 'war on Islamic terror.' Both men insist that Iran is fomenting a plot against the West; and that the World Trade Center bombing is an example of terrorist activities that are part of this plot. The author examines these claims and argues that they are not credible, that all of the evidence they cite is circumstantial, and that much of it is contradictory. He concludes that the conspiracy does not exist. He suggests that both men are confronting dangerous security situations at home, and are having difficulty coping with these situations. They hope to enlist the aid of the United States to maintain themselves in power. The author suggests that this call to mount a war on so-called Islamic terrorism is potentially damaging to U. S. security in the Middle East. Specifically, it could complicate the ability of the American military to guard vital U.S. interests in this part of the world."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Pelletiere, Stephen C.
1993-06-01
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Joint Force Quarterly: Summer 1993, Issue 1, [June 1993]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1993-06
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[Public Affairs Guidance U.S. Action Against Iraq]
This document contains President Bill Clinton's statement concerning the June 1993 U.S. Military strikes against Iraqi Intelligence headquarters in Iraq as a response to the attempted assassination of President George H. W. Bush, and contains approved details of the operation to be released by Public Affairs officers. This document was released through the Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requester Service Center.
Office of the Secretary of Defense and Joint Staff: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Requester Service Center
1993-06
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Significant Incidents of Political Violence against Americans 1992
Significant Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans: 1992, published by the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's Office of Intelligence and Threat Analysis (DS/DSS/ITA), is intended to provide a comprehensive picture of the range of political violence that American citizens and interests have encountered abroad during 1992. In addition to examining terrorism-related acts, this study also includes other instances of violence affecting Americans. This chronology is designed to encompass major anti-U.S. incidents that occurred in 1992. Unfortunately, to keep the publication at the unclassified level, some incidents had to be omitted due to the sensitive nature of the information associated with them. The selection of incidents used in this study was based upon the following criteria: (a) lethality; (b) major property damage; (c) unusual tactics or weapons used; and (d) perceptibility of targets as U.S. or representative of U.S.interests.
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Diplomatic Security
1993-06
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Disaster Assistance: DoD's Support for Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and Typhoon Omar, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Readiness, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
"This report responds to a request to determine the effect of providing humanitarian services in Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki and Typhoon Omar had on the active military and National Guard forces involved. More specifically, the report: identifies the roles and missions of the active military and National Guard forces that provided the assistance; determines whether there were problems affecting their delivery of assistance; determines whether their participation affected the units readiness and training; determines whether the military needs to reorient its roles, training, equipment, and doctrine for this type of operation; and identifies the costs and sources of funding associated with the military's participation in disaster assistance operations."
United States. General Accounting Office
1993-06
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Establishing Construct Validity for Integrity Tests
"This dissertation presents extensive evidence related to convergent and discriminant validity of integrity tests in general. The results from both the primary data analyses, and the meta-analyses display significant convergent validity for all integrity tests. The presence of a general factor across integrity tests is confirmed. Of the Big Five dimensions of personality, conscientiousness was found to have the most overlap with integrity tests. However, a more accurate identification of counterproductive individuals is possible by considering scores on agreeableness and emotional stability. It appears that the higher predictive validity of integrity tests arise from the fact that they tap constructs broader than just narrow and construct limited conscientiousness as measured by mainstream personality inventories. With integrity tests, the increased breadth of predictor construct coverage translates itself into better prediction in personnel selection."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Ones, Deniz S.
1993-06
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Who Goes There: Friend or Foe?
Combat is confusing, complex, and deadly. Friendly fire casualties can probably never be eliminated, but several measures can reduce them. Application of new and existing technology can make identification of friendly forces on the battlefield more reliable; improved communication can reduce confusion on the battlefield; and better training can help military personnel make crucial, rapid decisions under the extreme stress of combat. Congress faces several decisions related to reducing friendly fire. These include: the choice of best technical approaches to pursue; the allocation of resources between systems that are devoted exclusively to reducing friendly fire and other systems-for example, better navigation and communication devices--that may reduce friendly fire in indirect and less visible ways; the best mix of near-term deployments and longer term research and development; and the need for cooperation and coordination among the military Services and with allies.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1993-06
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Combatting Terrorism: Literature on Future Trends in Terrorism
An annotated bibliography of 344 entries prepared in support of decision makers who need quick access to literature in the field of combatting terrorism. Annotations of books, articles, doctoral dissertations, and government and congressional publications, foreign and domestic, published between 1989 and mid-1993 are included. Also included is a keyword index and an alphabetical list of the titles of publications cited in the bibliography.
Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Sinai, Joshua; Miro, Ramon
1993-06
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Non-nuclear and Nuclear Munitions
This directive outlines the role of the United States Air Force in the handling of nuclear and non-nuclear munitions, including maintenance, storage, and readiness for deployment of these weapons. This directive implements Department of Defense Directives 4540.5 (Movement of Nuclear Weapons by Noncombat Delivery Vehicles and JP 1.04 (Joint Policy and Procedures Governing Positive Control of Materials and Devices. Additional attachments and graphs are also included in this directive.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1993-06
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Presidential Decision Directive: Environmental Policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate Change
From the Document: "This Presidential Decision Directive directs the implementation of United States policy on Biodiversity and Global Climate Change. These policies reflect our response to the concerns stated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro last summer, and establish a positive leadership role for the United States on both the future of the world's biodiversity and on necessary strategies to address global warming."
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1993-05-27
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Space Countersurveillance: A Requisite for Theater Defense Planning
"The first 'space war' has been successfully fought hundreds of miles above the sands of the Middle East, and U.S. 'space warriors' are now contemplating future conflicts and how space can better contribute to operational success on the battlefield. However, the lessons of U.S. space dominance during Desert Storm also received much attention from other nations -- many of which U.S. forces may someday face in a future skirmish. These nations have learned the value of space assets and are busily seeking to acquire a space surveillance capability of their own. The U.S. national military strategy calls for its forces to exercise 'space control' and deny potential enemies use of the space medium when necessary -- but does the U.S. possess the weapons and plans to successfully accomplish this task? This paper examines both U.S. and enemy capabilities in the space warfare realm. Further, it suggests that the U.S. can better organize its space warfare personnel under a 'Space Component Commander' concept to successfully accomplish the space countersurveillance mission at the theater level of operational warfare."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Meyer, Donald A.
1993-05-17
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Elevating the Shield of Blows: Theater Missile Defense for the Twenty-First Century
"This monograph examines whether the operational air defense force for theater ballistic missile defense will be capable of conducting operations on future battlefields. To explore relevant issues in this area, historical examples from World War I, World War II, and Operation Desert Storm are cited as lessons learned. An examination of the Operational Air Defense Battlefield Operating Systems as specified in TRADOC [Training and Doctrine Command] Pamphlet 11-9 serves as a baseline for comparison between currently fielded air defense organizations and materiel against their ability to accomplish the mission assigned them. The study determines that American maneuver forces are vulnerable to engagement from ballistic missiles. Current theater air defense systems and organizations are severely limited in their ability to engage ballistic missiles at their maximum effective ranges without endangering the lives of American soldiers and our allies. Organization and materiel solutions to the problem are required. The study concludes that the Army must continue to develop and field a complementary system of theater air defense weapon systems that can destroy the full spectrum of theater ballistic missiles. The Department of Defense should create a separate theater missile defense organization from existing forces to control antimissile forces in wartime. During peacetime this organization should prepare theater missile defense doctrine and serve as the combat developer for all operational antimissile materiel systems. We must continue to advance our technological edge to negate a hostile nation's ability to employ weapons of mass destruction against the United States and her allies. We must adapt our organizations in conjunction with our technology to guarantee our ability to defeat the expected aerial threat."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
McGhee, Cornell T.
1993-05-15
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Irregular Warfare in the Conventional Theater: An Operational Perspective
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this monograph is to determine a conceptual framework for the analysis of the problems involved of integrating irregular and conventional forces into the same theater of operations. The problem is considered from the perspective of the operational planner or commander who seeks to use irregular forces as an economy of force measure in conjunction with a conventional force. The elements of irregular warfare in the conventional theater are derived through the examination of the irregular fighter and irregular units to determine their unique attributes. These attributes are then used to determine the cases where an irregular force can be applied in a conventional theater as an economy of force asset. The elements of irregular warfare in the conventional theater are then used to describe a classic irregular-conventional campaign, the British and Arab effort in Palestine and the Hejaz Desert during World War I. This campaign provides a historical basis for the examination of the problem of integrating irregular and conventional forces, and is used as a medium to consider the elements of operational design and the operational planning process."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
McNulty, James W.
1993-05-14
