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• Management of DoD Interoperability Efforts for Tactical Command, Control, and Communications

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  "This report is one of two issued as part of the overall audit of U.S. interoperability with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) tactical command, control, and communications. The report addresses the lack of combined (U.S. and Allied forces) doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures; the effectiveness of the Interoperability Improvement program, and the DoD's management of tactical C3 architectures. Tactical command, control, and communications (C3) systems are those systems that integrate various tactical combat elements into a focused, efficient, fighting force in conducting offensive and defensive ground, sea, and air operations. Interoperability is the ability of systems or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units, or forces and to use the services to enable systems, units, or forces to operate effectively together. The Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence) is responsible for the overall supervision of C3 matters. The Joint Staff Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4) Systems Directorate (J-6), is responsible for developing policies, plans, and programs for C3 systems to ensure adequate C3 support to the Commanders in Chief and the National Command Authorities for joint (U.S. forces only) and combined (U.S. and Allied forces) military operations. The Joint Staff Operational Plans and Interoperability Directorate (J-7) are responsible for increasing the warfighting capabilities of the unified and specified commands through joint doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures."

  United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

  1993-02-02
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Children Left At Home Alone: Eleven Die in Two Fires

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  This technical report series looks at two separate fires in Detroit, MI. The causes of these fires and the factors which led to the tragic loss of these young lives provide vivid lessons about the dangers of leaving children home alone.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1993-02-01?
• Domestic Missions for the Armed Forces

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  This paper details Senator Nunn's ideas for new missions. It sets forth his speech, the relevant materials from reports of the Senate Armed Services Committee, and the House-Senate Conference Committee, and the final text of the legislation as enacted in the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 1993.

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Nunn, Sam

  1993-02
• Alert Series:Turkmenistan: Political Conditions in the Post-Soviet Era

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  "Of the fifteen former Soviet Republics, Turkmenistan is one of the most politically repressive -- and potentially one of the wealthiest. The Commission on Security and Cooperation has predicted that despite Turkmenistan's repressive policies, it will be able to '...mollify the population economically...' Only cosmetic changes in the leadership and bureaucracy have occurred since Turkmenistan's independence in December 1991 -- it is essentially ruled by the same leadership, bureaucracy, and repressive laws of the Soviet era. Turkmenistan has a one-party system: although opposition groups and media sources exist, they are not officially recognized. Real or perceived political opposition is subjected to severe repression. Several political activists and journalists have been tried and jailed, some on political charges, but more frequently now on criminal charges (such as drug smuggling or corruption). Because media coverage of Turkmenistan is minimal, it is impossible to know for certain how Turkmenistan's ethnic and religious minorities are being treated. The government does not appear to be discriminating against or harassing any group solely because of its ethnic or religious orientation. While the overwhelming majority of Turkmenistan's population are Turkmens or of Turkic origin, and some have expressed hostility toward 'Russian-speakers' (Russians, other Slavs, Armenians and Jews), the kind of societal-level hostility against 'Russian-speakers' or against Jews in many other former Soviet states does not appear to be as prevalent in Turkmenistan. However, religious or cultural activities or organizations, whether Muslim, Christian, or Jewish, which the government perceives as a potential source of political opposition, could put religious and cultural activists at risk."

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-02
• U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: New York City Bank Building Fire - Compartmentation vs. Sprinklers

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  "A high-rise office complex in the heart of midtown Manhattan was the scene of a major fire on the night of January 31, 1993. It was the most destructive high-rise fire in New York City in more than a decade, resulting in direct property damage of more than $10 million and a much larger loss due to business interruption and secondary effects. [...] This fire is particularly significant as an evaluation of the effectiveness of Local Law 5, the retroactive requirements that were enacted for all high-rise office buildings in New York City, after a series of destructive fires in the 1960s and 1970s. It suggests that the compartmentation option offered by Local Law 5 may be inadequate to prevent fires from growing to extremely destructive proportions and placing both occupants and firefighters in danger of death or injuries. Although the extent of the fire was not as great as similar fires that occurred in Los Angeles and Philadelphia in recent years, it could have equalled or exceeded their magnitude if it had originated on a higher floor. This result reinforces the opinion of many fire experts and authorities having jurisdiction that automatic sprinklers should be required in all existing high-rise buildings, as well as new construction."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration

  1993-01-31
• World Trade Center Bombing: Report and Analysis

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  This is a report by the incident commander of the City of New York Fire Department in response to the attack on the World Trade Center. This is a personal account of the events as they occurred that day. It includes a layout of a FDNY typical sector command post, significant aspects of the command structure, and the response to growing strategic needs as the magnitude of the incident became clearer. It also describes the command operations and progressive damage assessment, including lessons learned and reinforced.

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency

  1993-02
• Developing an Exit Survey Instrument for Identifying and Decreasing Theft Susceptibility Risks in the Department of Defense: The Results at SIMA, Norfolk

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  "This study focused on the use of exit surveys as a diagnostic security tool to gather data regarding susceptibility to theft. It sought to achieve four interrelated goals: (1) the creation of a process which can develop a full-scale security exit instrument, (2) the creation of a prototype theft exit survey instrument, (3) a test of the effectiveness of that instrument, and (4) a determination of the extent to which the instrument was subject to various forms of response distortion. The instrument developed proved highly effective in identifying location, procedures, actions, and events susceptible to theft. Separating personnel provided more critical responses than non-separating respondents. While the focus of the study is on theft, it is believed that the findings are generalizable for developing exit surveys to help protect people and classified information."

  Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)

  Giacalone, Robert A.

  1993-02
• Alert Series: Sudan: Human Rights since the 1989 Coup

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  "The attached report on Sudan was written in April 1992. Information in this report on the background of the current situation is still substantially accurate. Below is a brief summary of events which have occurred since the report was written. The record of the Sudanese government regarding human rights deteriorated in all of the areas discussed in this paper. Martial law and a nationwide state of emergency remain in effect. Detentions, torture, severe misconduct in war, suppression of religious and political freedom, and systematic discrimination and violence against black African Sudanese in both southern and northern Sudan, continue to be documented. The situation in southern Sudan, already extremely problematic when this paper was written, worsened dramatically since April 1992. Splits within the southern Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) between the 'Torit' faction led by Colonel John Garang (primarily Dinkas) and the 'Nasir' faction (primarily Nuer), worsened throughout 1992. Factional fighting between the two wings of the SPLA, and fighting within the two factions of the SPLA, on ethnic and political lines, led to widespread killing and abuse of civilians in southern Sudan. Southern Sudan is now experiencing severe famine conditions."

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993-02
• Building Performance: Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii: Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance

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  "The purpose of this report is to provide guidance and recommendations for reducing hurricane and flood damage in the future. This purpose is best achieved through learning from successes and failures of building performance. Therefore, this report includes observations of both successes and failures of various building types. Numerous references to figures are made throughout the text of this report. These figures, primarily photographs, explicitly portray, clarify, or reinforce the technical issues addressed. The figures are presented at the end of each pertinent section. The reader is encouraged to examine these figures while reviewing the report. This report includes detailed engineering discussions of building failure modes and successful building performance supplemented by graphic examples and illustrated design specifications. It also provides recommendations for enhancing building performance under hurricane conditions and addressing building materials, code compliance, plan review, and construction inspection."

  United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States. Federal Insurance Administration

  1993-01-29
• U.S. National Security Strategy and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

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  "This paper proposes a new national security strategy. The recommendation is based on the synthesis of two arguments: (1) the Bush national security strategy is seriously flawed; and (2) proliferation of nuclear weapons is the most dangerous threat to U.S. national security. The broad elements of a new national security strategy are presented together with an analysis of strengths and a rebuttal of potential arguments against the proposal. A new national security strategy is needed, and its centerpiece should be twofold: first, the clear identification of U.S. vital interests; and second, the global neutralization of all nuclear threats. One would appropriately name the combination of these dual themes "Nuclear Containment." This strategy would employ the full spectrum of political, military, and economic power to achieve the following objectives: nuclear disarmament, nuclear nonproliferation, a global ban on the use of nuclear weapons, and defense against all forms of nuclear attack."

  National War College (U.S.)

  Kalb, John F.

  1993-01-25
• Executive Order 12835: Establishment of the National Economic Council

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  "By the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: There is established the National Economic Council. The principal functions of the Council are: (1) to coordinate the economic policy-making process with respect to domestic and international economic issues; (2) to coordinate economic policy advice to the President; (3) to ensure that economic policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's stated goals, and to ensure that those goals are being effectively pursued; and (4) to monitor implementation of the President's economic policy agenda. The Assistant may take such actions, including drafting a Charter, as may be necessary or appropriate to implement such functions."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-25
• Foreign Assistance: Meeting the Training Needs of Police in New Democracies, Report to Congressional Requesters

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  As a way to bolster judicial reform in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Congress recently authorized the executive branch to begin offering law enforcement training in those countries. This report discusses (1) whether the needs of the police forces in the region have been adequately assessed, (2) whether the assistance to police forces now being provided directly supports attempts to build democracy, (3) whether the executive branch has developed a plan to provide police training in support of consolidating democratic values in this region of the world, and (4) which U.S. agency has the experience to meet the training intent of the legislation.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  1993-01-21
• Executive Order 12834: Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Appointees

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  "By the authority vested in me as President of the United States by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and sections 3301 and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: (a) Every senior appointee in every executive agency appointed on or after January 20, 1993, shall sign, and upon signing shall be contractually committed to, the following pledge ('senior appointee pledge') upon becoming a senior appointee: 'As a condition, and in consideration, of my employment in the United States Government in a senior appointee position invested with the public trust, I commit myself to the following obligations, which I understand are binding on me and are enforceable under law.'"

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-20
• Presidential Decision Directive 2: Organization of the National Security Council

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  From the Document: "The National Security Council (NSC) shall be the principal forum for consideration of national security policy issues requiring Presidential determination. The functions, membership and responsibilities of the NSC shall be as set forth in the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and this Presidential Decision Directive. The NSC shall advise and assist me in integrating all aspects of national security policy as it affects the United States -- domestic, foreign, military, intelligence and economic (in conjunction with the National Economic Council). Along with its subordinate committees, the NSC shall be my principal means for coordinating Executive departments and agencies in the development and implementation of national security policy."

  United States. White House Office

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1993-01-20
• Authority to Grant Conservation Easements under 40 U.S.C. § 319: Memorandum for the General Counsel Department of Commerce [January 19, 1993]

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  "You have requested the opinion of the Department of Justice on whether the Secretary of Commerce has authority under 40 U.S.C. § 319 to convey to the City of Boulder, Colorado, a 'conservation easement' in federal property under the control of the Department of Commerce. The grant of this property interest would guarantee 'the perpetual preservation of open space . . . and maximum aesthetic and environmental limitations on future construction' on the site. We understand that your Office has tentatively concluded that the Department of Commerce 'may not possess such authority' and has notified the city attorney for Boulder of that view. Consistent with the tentative opinion of your office, we conclude that § 319 does not provide authority to grant a conservation easement. We believe that § 319 authorizes only the conveyance of property interests that were recognized by courts as valid and customary easements under the common law existing when the statute was enacted. Although the so-called scenic or conservation easement first developed as a land use device prior to enactment of § 319, it was not then recognized as a valid or customary easement in the vast majority of jurisdictions. In the absence of any indication that Congress intended § 319 to include conservation easements, we conclude that the Department of Commerce is not authorized under § 319 to convey such an easement."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• Authority of the Secretary of the Treasury Regarding Postal Service Bond Offering: Memorandum for the General Counsel, Department of the Treasury [January 19, 1993]

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  "You have requested our opinion concerning the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury under 39 U.S.C. §§ 2003(d) and 2006(a) to purchase bond issues of the Postal Service and to control the disposition of the proceeds thereof. Specifically, we were asked to address the legal issues arising from the proposed bond issue described in Postmaster General Runyon's October 7, 1992, letter to Secretary Brady. Although we understand that Treasury and the Postal Service have reached an agreement, in consequence of which the Postal Service has withdrawn this particular bond issue, we are memorializing our legal conclusions in this memorandum because of the recurring importance of these issues. The Postal Service's plan was to issue bonds in the amount of $3 billion. The Postal Service proposed to transfer the proceeds of the bond issue to a trustee who would then purchase an equivalent amount of government securities, the interest and principal of which would be dedicated to repayment of approximately $2.6 billion of Postal Service debt held by the Federal Financing Bank ('FFB'). Under a ruling of the Financial Accounting Standards Board, this transaction would have allowed the Postal Service to remove the original FFB debt from its books, producing, the Postal Service asserted, cost savings and financial flexibility."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• Authority of the Attorney General to Make Successive Designations of Interim United States Marshals: Memorandum for the Assistant to the Attorney General, Office of the Attorney General [January 19, 1993]

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  "This memorandum responds to your request for our opinion whether, under 28 U.S.C. § 562, the Attorney General may make two or more successive designations of a person to serve as interim United States marshal in a judicial district where the marshal's office is vacant. You have also asked whether, after the expiration of an initial designation under § 562, the Attorney General may authorize a person to act as marshal under 28 U.S.C. §§ 509, 510. We conclude that § 562 permits the Attorney General to make successive interim designations, and that the Attorney General also may authorize a person to act as marshal under §§ 509 and 510."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1993-01-19
• DoD Directive 3025.1: Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)

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  This directive consolidates all policy and responsibilities previously known as "Military Assistance to Civil Authorities," applicable to disaster-related civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions, with those related to attacks on the United States, which previously were known as "Military Support to Civil Defense."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1993-01-15
• Department of Defense Directive 3025.1: Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA) [January 15, 1993]

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  This Directive is to "consolidate all policy and responsibilities previously known as 'Military Assistance to Civil Authorities (MACA),' applicable to disaster-related civil emergencies within the United States, its territories, and possessions under reference (a), with those related to attacks on the United States, which previously were known as 'Military Support to Civil Defense (MSCD)' under reference (b); Provide for continuation of the DoD Regional Military Emergency Coordinator (RMEC) teams, previously developed under reference (c), to facilitate peacetime planning for MSCA and to provide trained teams of DoD liaison personnel to represent essential DoD Components, as appropriate, for response to any national security emergency; Constitute a single system for MSCA, by which the DoD Components […] shall plan for, and respond to, requests from civil DODD 3025.1, January 15, 1993 2 government agencies for military support in dealing with the actual or anticipated consequences of civil emergencies requiring Federal response, or attacks, including national security emergencies as defined in reference (d); State the policy and responsibilities by which the Department of Defense responds to major disasters or emergencies in accordance with the Stafford Act, as amended (reference (e)), and supports the national civil defense policy and Federal or State civil defense programs, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) […]; Designate the Secretary of the Army as the DoD Executive Agent for MSCA; Authorize the publication of DoD 3025.1-M, 'DoD Manual for Civil Emergencies,' consistent with DoD 5025.1-M, reference (g)."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1993-01-15
• Hurricane Iniki Relief: Interview with LTG Johnnie E. Corns, Commanding General, United States Army, Pacific

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  "Today is 12 January 1993. This is Major Lincoln Higa, Commander, 30th Military History Detachment, and Dr. Donald Laird, USARPAC Command Historian. We are interviewing Lieutenant General Johnnie Corns, Commanding General, U.S. Army, Pacific, concerning his thoughts on the Hurricane Iniki relief effort. Operation Iniki Response was a timely event in the history of Headquarters United States Army, Pacific, and in the history of the United States Army overall with regard to the total force-active, guard, and reserve-participating in efforts to come to the aid of American people in times of natural disaster. The timeliness has to do first with the role of a joint task force in the operations of United States Commander in Chief Pacific, or USCINCPAC, and his concepts for organizing and dealing with conflict or natural disasters. Operation Iniki Response was also timely for this Headquarters because it got us involved in the joint task force role for the Army and the other services to meet natural disasters right on the heels of similar involvement by joint task forces in Florida in response to the hurricane there and to the typhoon that had occurred in Guam. This timeliness enabled us to enter into the operation of the joint task force with some fairly recent experience among members of the USARPAC staff who had been part of augmentations for other joint task forces."

  United States. Army, Pacific

  Corns, Johnnie H.

  1993-01-12
• Executive Order 12830: Establishing the Military Outstanding Volunteer Service

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  "There is hereby established a Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances, for award by the Secretary of Defense or, with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, the Secretary of Transportation."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Bush, George, 1924-

  1993-01-09
• Missile Technology Control Regime: Guidelines for Sensitive Missile-Relevant Transfers

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  The United States Government has, after careful consideration and subject to its international treaty obligations, decided that, when considering the transfer of equipment and technology related to missiles, it will act in accordance with the attached Guidelines beginning on January 7, 1993. These Guidelines replace those adopted on April 16, 1987. The purpose of these Guidelines is to limit the risks of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (i.e. nuclear, chemical and biological weapons), by controlling transfers that could make a contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons. The Guidelines are not designed to impede national space programs or international cooperation in such programs as long as such programs could not contribute to delivery systems for weapons of mass destruction. These Guidelines, including the attached Annex, form the basis for controlling transfers to any destination beyond the Government's jurisdiction or control of all delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, and of equipment and technology relevant to missiles whose performance in terms of payload and range exceeds stated parameters. Restraint will be exercised in the consideration of all transfers of items contained within the Annex and all such transfers will be considered on a case-by-case basis. The Government will implement the Guidelines in accordance with national legislation. The Annex consists of two categories of items, which term includes equipment and technology. Category I items, all of which are in Annex Items 1 and 2, are those items of greatest sensitivity. If a Category I item is included in a system, that system will also be considered as Category I, except when the incorporated item cannot be separated, removed or duplicated. Particular restraint will be exercised in the consideration of Category I transfers regardless of their purpose, and there will be a strong presumption to deny such transfers. Particular restraint will also be exercised in the consideration of transfers of any items in the Annex, or of any missiles (whether or not in the Annex), if the Government judges, on the basis of all available, persuasive information, evaluated according to factors including those in paragraph 3, that they are intended to be used for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction, and there will be a strong presumption to deny such transfers. Until further notice, the transfer of Category I production facilities will not be authorized. The transfer of other Category I items will be authorized only on rare occasions and where the Government (A) obtains binding government-to-government undertakings embodying the assurances from the recipient government called for in paragraph 5 of these Guidelines and (B) assumes responsibility for taking all steps necessary to ensure that the item is put only to its stated end-use. It is understood that the decision to transfer remains the sole and sovereign judgment of the United States Government.

  United States. Department of State. Bureau of Nonproliferation

  1993-01-07
• National Guard Counterdrug Lessons Learned II

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  "This bulletin contains lessons developed from National Guard Counterdrug Support to Law Enforcement Agencies. It includes a section on Counterdrug Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (CDIPB)." Lessons are developed from the following types of missions: surface reconnaissance, surface surveillance, aerial reconnaissance, aerial surveillance, aerial transportation support, cargo inspection, aerial photo reconnaissance, admin and maintenance support, logistics issues, and other miscellaneous issues.

  National Interagency Counterdrug Institute

  Schnaubelt, Christopher M.

  1993-01-07
• Executive Order 12829: National Industrial Security Program

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  "This order establishes a National Industrial Security Program to safeguard Federal Government classified information that is released to contractors, licensees, and grantees of the United States Government. To promote our national interests, the United States Government issues contracts, licenses, and grants to nongovernment organizations. When these arrangements require access to classified information, the national security requires that this information be safeguarded in a manner equivalent to its protection within the executive branch of Government. The national security also requires that our industrial security program promote the economic and technological interests of the United States. Redundant, overlapping, or unnecessary requirements impede those interests. Therefore, the National Industrial Security Program shall serve as a single, integrated, cohesive industrial security program to protect classified information and to preserve our Nation's economic and technological interests."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Bush, George, 1924-

  1993-01-06
• Establishment of a Permanent Joint Task Force Headquarters: An Analysis of Sourcing a Command and Control Structure Capable of Executing Forced Entry Contingency Operations

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  From the thesis abstract: "The demise of the former Soviet Union, while bringing about the end to the Cold War, has not resulted in a concurrent decrease in regional military confrontations. In many respects, today's global environment is much more volatile and fragile than that of the bi-polar era. It is within this environment that the United States must remain poised and ready to rapidly project forced entry military capability. This study investigates and analyzes the current and projected capabilities of the U.S. military to establish and deploy and joint task force headquarters capable of planning and executing these complicated operations. Conclusions reached as a result of this study point to the need to permanently establish a single joint task force headquarters which can serve as a rapidly expanded nucleus for the designated JTF [joint task force] commander. This finding echoes that of Holloway Commission's 1980 report on the failure of the Iranian hostage rescue which found than an existing JTF organization, even if it were small and had few permanent members assigned, would provide an organization with the required expertise which could serve as the nucleus for a larger force upon activation."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Henchen, Michael L.

  1993
• Caribbean and the United States into the New Century

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  "The future of the Caribbean and the future of the United States are increasingly woven together into a fabric of mutual advantage and mutual jeopardy. The Caribbean is our third border, and the ancestral home of millions of Americans from the days of our first Secretary of the Treasury to our current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is a source of trained professionals and illegal migrants, sugar and narcotics, Nobel laureates and revolutionaries, oil and unserviceable debts. As improvements in communications and transportation links accelerate this flow of products, people, and ideas - in both directions - it will become more and more obvious that the successes and failures of one neighbor will spill over onto the other."

  National War College (U.S.)

  Hays, Dennis K.

  1993
• Combatting Terrorism

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  "Wishful thinkers in 1991 referred to a New World Order. There are people who like to talk about some notional global community or international society. The facts are, however, that we have no New World Order, there is no global community, and in key respects international society is a do-gooder's daydream. Far from witnessing the end of history in this decade, we are seeing the triumph of history. The Third Balkan War that is still in its growth phase is an illustration of the unhappy trend. [...] Terrorism should be regarded primarily as a strategic problem, though in some specific cases its political character lends itself to treatment. Terrorism has to be viewed as a strategic problem because terrorists function strategically and can be thwarted strategically. Terrorism can be tackled politically at the root and branch level in some instances, though by and large any political settlement will leave some people dissatisfied. Also, some of the world's political conflicts really have no attainable political solution (Northern Ireland, for example). Virtually regardless of the distinctiveness of group or individual motivation, terrorists try to function strategically: theirs is a familiar means-ends universe of consequences. If their strategy can be beaten, terrorists can be defeated."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Gray, Colin S.

  1993
• How Far Can You Trust A Computer?

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  "The history of attempts to secure computer systems against threats to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data is briefly surveyed, and the danger of repeating a portion of that history is noted. Areas needing research attention are highlighted, and a new approach to developing certified systems is described."

  Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.). Center for High Assurance Computing Systems

  Landwehr, Carl E.

  1993
• Use and Management of Criminal History Record Information: A Comprehensive Report

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  "This report is the first comprehensive examination of the Nation's criminal history record systems and the major issues and developments that affect them. It describes in nontechnical terms the complex and interrelated network of Federal, State and local information systems that provide criminal history records to criminal justice personnel and to authorized noncriminal justice users. It also assesses the role these systems play in the effective functioning of the criminal justice system, and reviews the impact that new technologies and strategies are having on the completeness, accuracy and availability of criminal history records."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Belair, Robert R.; Woodard, Paul L.

  1993
• Azerbaijan: The Status of Armenians, Russians, Jews and Other Minorities

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  This document offers an Overview of General Conditions in Azerbaijan, Summary of Present Situation in 1993, a Brief History, information regarding NKAO Crisis and the Baku Demonstrations of 1988, Soviet Occupation, a Brief Overview of the Population, Religious Freedom, Ethnicity including: Armenians (And Those Associated with Armenians), Russians, Jews, and Lezgians.

  United States. Immigration and Naturalization Service; INS Resource Information Center

  1993