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• Food Safety: Oversight of the Centers for Disease Control Monitoring of Foodborne Pathogens, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, May 23, 1996

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  From the opening statement of Christopher Shays: "Today, we examine the dimensions of that threat, and our capacity to meet it. First, the good news: The American food supply is among the safest in the world. We enjoy an abundant, diverse, and nutritious larder kept wholesome by producers, processors, packagers, and purveyors working under the watchful eye of State and Federal regulators. The bad news is that as many as 9,000 deaths will be directly attributed to foodborne pathogens this year. Incredibly, estimates of food-induced illnesses range from 6% million to as many as 81 million. And even those figures don't describe the full extent of the problem. Many food-related illnesses are treated only symptomatically, without any identification of the offending pathogen. Even when the cause of an illness is known to be contaminated food, the necessary data is not always reported by physicians and State health authorities. As a result, national surveillance data on the prevalence and sources of foodborne pathogens is obviously inadequate. This is very serious, potentially grave problem. Without accurate information, public health officials cannot identify the level of risk, potential sources, or the populations most vulnerable to foodborne illnesses. Without a clear assessment of risk, it is impossible to maintain adequate preventive and corrective measures." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ban Mishu Allos, John Kobayashi, Glenn Morris, Robert A. Robinson, David Satcher, Fred Shank, Michael Friedman, Christopher Shays, and Edolphus Towns.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-159: Future of Nuclear Deterrence: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, February 12, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-159: The subject of nuclear deterrence is ripe for review. Today's hearing will examine the underlying rationale for their proposals regarding nuclear weapons and deterrence as well as other alternatives. The central question explored in this hearing is whether or not nuclear weapons continue to have an important role in America's national security strategy. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Senator Cochran, Senator Levin, Senator Stevens, Senator Glenn, Andrew J. Goodpaster, Richard Perle, and Walter B. Slocombe.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-183: Chemical Weapons Convention: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, April 8, 9, 15, and 17, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-183: This hearing examines the national security implications of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Testimony addresses compliance with the Convention, the possibility of "cheating," and the difficulty of monitoring the production of these weapons by states most likely to use chemical weapons. Opponents of the CWC maintain that the convention will facilitate rogue nations' access to chemical weapons manufacturing information. Supporters of the CWC claim that the convention is necessary for preserving peace and protecting Americans from potential chemical weapons threats. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: April 8, 1997: Donald Rumsfeld, James R. Schlesinger, Richard B. Cheney, Caspar Weinberger, and Madeline Korbel Albright. April 9, 1997: Douglas J. Feith, Fred C. Ikle, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Richard N. Perle, Edward L. Rowny, Brent Scowcroft, and E.R. Zumwalt, Jr. April 15, 1997: Kathleen C. Bailey, Paul L. Eisman, Robert W. Roten, Malcolm S. Forbes, Jr., Ralph V. Johnson, Kevin L. Kearns, Bruce Merrifield, and William A. Reinsch, Wayne Spears, and Frederick Webber. April 17, 1997: Porter J. Goss, Ronald F. Lehman, William Ordom, and Edward J. O'Malley. Document also contains Conditions to the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Center for Security Policy's "Case Against the Chemical Weapons Convention, 'Truth and Consequences,'" Empower America's "False Promises, Fatal Flaws: The Chemical Weapons Convention," Letters and other material submitted both in support of and in opposition to the CWC, and the text for a 1994 statement by Ronald Lehman before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations Committee.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Report from the Front Line: Fort Wayne's Battle against Drugs, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, And Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, June 24, 1996

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  From the opening statement of Mark E. Souder: "Our topic today, as most of you know, is to report from the front lines focussing on Fort Wayne's battle against drugs and the link to international trafficking. This subcommittee, in particular, has jurisdiction over the State Department, the Defense Department, CIA [Central Intelligence Agency] and most of the things that are run in the State Department and Defense Department efforts on drug interdiction. We also have jurisdiction over the Justice Department, which includes most of the Federal efforts in drug interdiction. And because we have the drug czar's office, we have some jurisdiction into the treatment and education. That is not predominately the focus of this subcommittee. Our central aim is threefold. We're going to explore the national security threat posed by the international narcotics trafficking. Second, we'll hear testimony on how the threat is materializing here in the Fort Wayne area. And third, we'll examine local efforts to combat this. I would like to personally welcome all of our witnesses." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Craig Chretien, James Morgan, Jeff Heck, Robert Gevers, T. Neil Moore, Ternae Jordan, Ron, Davenport, Joe Mann, Andre Patterson, and Mark E. Souder.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Serial No. 105-21; 14: Improper Granting of U.S. Citizenship without Conducting Criminal Background Checks: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight and the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee of the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, March 5, 1997

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  From the opening Statement of Chairman Dennnis Hasert: "We are going to examine a program called Citizenship USA, a program which was heavily pushed by the White House, and which took shape roughly 1 year before the 1996 elections, and was run by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, hereby referred to as the INS. As we have learned from the past hearings of the National Security Subcommittee and from many courageous confidential informants, basic requirements of citizenship, such as English and civics testing, were relaxed. Regulations that have long protected the sanctity of U.S. citizenship, regulations of all kinds, were waived. Most tragically, the longstanding law and requirement that every potential citizen be subject to an FBI background check apparently fell by the wayside. Today, we do not focus on the why of these failings, although there will no doubt be discussion of motivation. We will instead focus on the what. That is, we want to know exactly what has happened. What we will examine, in particular is the question, what happened that allowed thousands of felony criminals to be naturalized in a mad rush up to the 1996 election? What happened that permitted 180,000 applicants to be naturalized without background checks at all?" Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Stephen Colgate, Gary Ahrens, Doris Meissner, David Rosenberg, Louis D. Crocetti, and David Martin, Bob Barr, Thomas M. Barrett, Laurie E. Ekstrand, Zoe Lofgren, and Lamar Smith.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Report from the Front Line: Chicagoland Area's Battle against Drugs, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, June 24, 1996

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  From the opening statement of J. Dennis Hastert: "Our topic today, as most of you know, is 'A Report from the Front Lines,' focusing on the Chicago area's battle and the Fox Valley's battle against drugs and the link between that battle and international drug trafficking. Our central aim today is three-fold: first, we're going to explore the national security threat posed by international narcotics trafficking; second, we will hear testimony on how that threat is materializing here in the Fox Valley area; and, third, we will try to examine the link between domestic and international drug trafficking and certainly the related problems, namely our children and our grandchildren having access or drugs pushed on them in the streets of this area." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Craig Chretien, James Morgan, Michael Snyders, Dan Glllette, Bruce Malkin, Mike Coghlan, Pam Maakestad, Ken Hinterlong, David Akemann, Mike Coghlan, J. Dennis Hastert, and Ken Hinterlong.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• National Drug Control Policy: The Decline of Interdiction Efforts in the Caribbean, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, May 23,1996

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  From the opening statement of William H. Zeliff: "Today, we are focusing on the national security threat posed by rising maritime drug trafficking in the Caribbean transit zone, and the dramatic decline in Federal resources requested by the President and devoted to drug interdiction between 1993 and 1996. [...] The alarming increase in juvenile drug use and juvenile crime over the past 3 years reverses a decade of falling drug use. Most of those in this room already know how stark those trend lines are. But paralleling this increase in drug use by kids has been another phenomenon. According to sources as diverse as the University of Michigan's Monitoring the Future Study, the National PRIDE Survey, the National Household Survey, data from the Drug Enforcement Administration and local police reports, something else is happening. The overall availability of drugs has increased dramatically, and with the increase in availability has come falling prices and increasing purities. The effects of increased supply are undeniable. Over the last 2 years, all-time records have been set for heroin and cocaine-related emergency room incidents. The annual DAWN data provide clear and convincing evidence to this effect." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Arthur Brooks, Kristine Horvath, Glenn Gebele, Greg Sanial, Jess Ford, Louis Zanardi, Robert Kramek, and William H. Zeliff.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Threats to U.S. National Security, Hearing Before the Committee on National Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, Hearing Held February 13, 1997

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  From the opening statement of Floyd D. Spence: "Today the committee will consider the kind of issues which ought to frame all of our deliberations on the defense budget: What are the threats and challenges facing the United States and our national security interests? We have with us this morning three former Directors of Central Intelligence, the Honorable James Schlesinger, Judge William Webster, and the Honorable James Woolsey, to help us wrestle with these complex issues. In his State of the Union speech last week, President Clinton repeatedly referred to the end of the cold war and declared that we face no imminent threat. While it is true that the Soviet empire has collapsed I cannot be as sanguine as the President about the threat. As long as Russia retains a nuclear arsenal capable of destroying the United States in a matter of minutes, and rogue states seek to develop such a capability, our Nation continues to face a significant threat. As long as there are nuclear weapons in the hands of anyone, they pose a threat to this country. Nor is the rest of the world calm, quiet, or necessarily supportive of our interests. […] In sum, it is still a dangerous world. Having secured peace at great cost, through three world wars, two hot and one cold, during this century alone, we must remain resolved to protecting it." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ronald V. Dellums, Floyd D. Spence, James R. Schlesinger, William H. Webster, James Woolsey, Michael Pappas, and William O. Studeman.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-237: Proliferation: Russian Case Studies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, June 5, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-237: This hearing, explores how our government has approached the problem of Russian weapons proliferation, as well as whether the approach is effective. Moscow's record of adherence to its international nonproliferation commitments, and what incentives and disincentives the United States should use to moderate Russia's proliferant behavior is also explored. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran and Carl Levin, Robert Einhorn, William C. Potter, and Richard H. Speier.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1997: Report to the United States Senate One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, March 20, 1997

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  S. Rpt. 105-10: "The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to which was referred the bill (S. 104) to amend the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, having considered the same, reports favorably thereon with amendments and recommends that the bill, as amended, do pass." The bill provides for enactment of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1997, as a replacement for the NWPA of 1982, as amended. Title I establishes the obligation of the Secretary of Energy (Secretary) to develop an integrated management system under which the Secretary shall accept, transport, store, and dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Title I also provides that nothing in the bill is intended to modify any right of a contract holder under the NWPA of 1982, or modify obligations imposed on the Federal government by the U.S. District Court of Idaho in United States v. Batt (No. 91-0054-S-EIJ). Title II requires the Secretary to commerce emplacement of spent nuclear fuel and high level waste in an interim storage facility nol ater than November 30, 1999, with certain contingencies that could delay the commencement of facility operations by approximately one year. The Secretary is required to apply to the Commission for authorization to construct a repository by December 31, 2001. Title III continues the Nuclear Waste Fund, as established under the NWPA of 1982, and provides for the collection of the fee as a user fee'' beginning in fiscal year 2004. Titles IV and V of the bill continues various provisions of the NWPA of 1982, including the activities of the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management and the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-242: Proliferation: Chinese Case Studies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, April 10, 1997

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  S. HRG. 105-242: This hearing explores how our government has approached this problem of China's weapons proliferation, as well as how it may be better attacked. Other questions explored include: is new legislation required; has the administration adhered to and implemented the laws currently in place; and, since the administration's efforts have failed to moderate China's behavior, is a new approach in order? Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, Robert J. Einhorn, James R. Lilley, Gary Milhollin, and Chinese Proliferation Cases and the U.S. Assessment and Responses.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Coast Guard Interdiction Efforts in The Transit Zone, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, March 10, 1997

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  From the opening statement of J. Dennis Hastert: "In today's hearing, we zero in on the national security threat posed by the explosion of maritime drug trafficking in the transit zone and the extraordinary efforts by the U.S. Coast Guard to combat it. Let me say, by transit zone, we mean the 2 million square miles between the United States and South American borders; it covers the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Central America, Mexico and the Eastern Pacific. [...] Stopping the flow of cocaine into the United States is the No. 1 priority of the international drug control policy. Currently, over 30 percent of the cocaine entering the United States comes through the Caribbean, mostly from Colombia, bound for Mexico and Puerto Rico. Roughly $15 billion worth of cocaine travels through the Caribbean. A great deal of this cocaine enters the United States through the ports and borders of Puerto Rico. Have no doubts, drugs entering Puerto Rico don't stop there--80 percent continue on to the rest of the United States." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: J. Dennis Hastert, Jim Carlson, Mark Fitzmorris, Mike Burns, Robert E. Kramek, and Paul A. Yost.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-241: North Korean Missile Proliferation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, October 21, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-241: The threats posed by North Korea and its programs to acquire weapons of mass destruction and their delivery means are formidable. North Korea has long sought to acquire nuclear weapons, and has even suggested that it may already have them, threatening in 1994 to turn Seoul into a "sea of fire" if hostilities broke out on the Korean peninsula. This hearing examines the extent of the North Korean ballistic missile proliferation problem. The two witnesses at this hearing are former North Korean government officials who have unique insights into the views of the North Korean government. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, Carl Levin, Ju-Hwal Choi, Young-Hwan Ko, and questions and responses from Mr. Einhorn submitted by Thad Cochran.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-243: Compliance Review Process and Missile Defense: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, July 21, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-243: This hearing will seek a better understanding of the Compliance Review Process as it applies to missile defense. Discussion may touch on matters that are classified. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, Carl Levin, and Kent Stansberry.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-267: Safety and Reliability of the U.S. Nuclear Deterrent: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, October 27, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-267: This hearing delves into questions about the Stockpile Stewardship Program. The key question is whether the United States should agree to give up testing when the Stockpile Stewardship Program may never become an acceptable alternative. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, Carl Levin, Robert B. Barker, Victor H. Reis, James R. Schlesinger, and C. Bruce Tarter.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-223: Sudan and Terrorism: Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, May 15, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-223: The hearing began with a brief video featuring: speeches by Hassan Turabi, leader of the National Islamic Front Party in Sudan and one of the most infamous supporters of international terrorism in the world; Osama bin Laden's call for a jihad against the U.S., and particularly against U.S. soldiers in Saudi Arabia; and footage from the World Trade Center bombing. From the opening statement of Senator John Ashcroft: "One of the most serious of these new national security threats is the rise of international terrorism. We are holding this hearing today in the Subcommittee on African Affairs to address the menace of terrorism as sponsored by the Government of Sudan. Since first being designated a State sponsor of terrorism in 1993, Sudan has risen quickly in the ranks of infamy to join Iran as the worst of State sponsors of terrorism. Sudan harbors elements of the most violent terrorist organizations in the world: Jihad, the armed Islamic group, Hamas, Abu Nidal, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hizbollah, and the Islamic Group are all present in terrorist training camps in Sudan. These terrorist groups are responsible for hundreds of terrorist attacks around the world that have taken thousands of lives." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Ashcroft, Russell D. Feingold, Steven Emerson, Charles Maikish, Bill McCollum, Kenneth R. McKune, George E. Moose, R. Richard Newcomb, Roger Winter and Ed Smith

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-193: National Missile Defense and Prospects for U.S.- Russia ABM Treaty Accommodation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, March 13, 1997

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  S. HRG. 105-193: From the opening statement of Senator Thad Cochran: "During today's hearing, we will have the opportunity to listen to and ask questions of the principal authors of a just-published study sponsored by the U.S. Institute of Peace entitled 'Cold Peace or Cooperation? The Potential for U.S.-Russian Accommodation on Missile Defense and the ABM Treaty.' The study, which has already been briefed to National Security Council officials, concludes that the deployment of a national missile defense by the United States and reductions to strategic offensive weapons in both the United States and Russia need not be mutually exclusive." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, Carl Levin, Ted Stevens, Susan M. Collins, Richard J. Durbin, Max M. Kampelman, Andrei Kortunov, and Keith B. Payne.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Rising Drug Threat and Some Recent Successes, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Crimnal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, June 10, 1996

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  From the opening statement of J. Dennis Hastert: "The other central reason that we are in Puerto Rico today is to highlight the serious increases in maritime drug trafficking that are occurring in the Eastern Caribbean, and find their way into Puerto Rico. According to the DEA [Drug Enforcement Administration], 26 percent of the drugs entering the United States come to Puerto Rico, and 80 percent of the drugs that reach Puerto Rico end up in the mainland. The fundamental fact that we must confront is this; that America is under siege and we must be serious about winning the battle against illegal drugs, drug related crime and the Narco traffickers. I personally believe that we, as a Nation, have to begin recognizing the enormity of the problem that we are confronting. It's a direct attack on our society and it targets our children and our grandchildren. Over the past 3 years, the United States has witnessed a 200 percent increase in drug use by children, kids, ages 8 to 17. Not coincidentally, availability has increased and the price of dangerous drugs has fallen by several magnitudes. At the same time, street purities of cocaine, heroin and marijuana, have all jumped markedly over the past 3 years. You can see the results in San Juan, in Chicago, in Washington, anywhere you go." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: J. Dennis Hastert, James M. Loy, Harvey G. Pothier, Felix Jimenez, Pedro Rosselo, Pedro Toledo, Manuel Diaz-Saldana, and Carlos Vivoni.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Oversight of Federal Drug Interdiction Efforts in Mexico: Review of a Rising National Security Threat, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, June 12, 1996

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  From the opening statement of Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.: "Today, we will hear testimony from four distinguished panels, each speaking on an issue of increasing urgency. That issue is the rising threat to American security posed by the four, newly-emergent and undeniably powerful cartels on our Southwest border. Specifically, we will address national drug policy and the action or inaction of Mexico in prosecuting counternarcotics efforts during the past year. [...] Too few policymakers and members of the press recognize the enormity of the challenge we confront. Last year, 400 tons of cocaine were shipped into the United States, 70 percent of it through Mexico. Mexico produced 150 tons of methamphetamine, most of which ended up on United States streets. Yet the President certified that Mexico is 'fully cooperating with United States counternarcotics efforts.' Shouldn't we expect more from Mexico? That is one question I hope to get an answer to in this hearing." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ben Nelson, Allen Fleener, George Weise, Harold Wankel, Robert L. Ehrlich Jr., Charles E. Grsslley, and Louise McIntosh Slaughter.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Enforcement of Environmental Laws, Hearing Before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session on the Relationship between the Federal and State Governments in the Enforcement of Environmental Laws, June 10, 1997

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  From the opening statement of John H. Chafee, U.S. Senator from the State of Rhode Island: "I'd like to welcome everyone here to the committee's oversight hearing this morning on the relationship between the Federal and State governments in the enforcement of environmental laws. A little over 4 years ago, the committee held an oversight hearing to examine the respective roles different levels of government should play in the implementation and enforcement of environmental laws. That was the first hearing at which Administrator Carol Browner testified as administrator of the EPA. At that hearing, she emphasized the essential role States have to play in environmental enforcement. Since then, there have been other reports on the need for greater cooperation and communication between the States and EPA in implementation of the Nation's environmental laws. In 1995, a report from the GAO found that while the relationship between EPA and the States was then on the upswing, it still had plenty of room for improvement. That same year, that was the GAO report, 1995, that same year, the National Academy of Public Administration issued a report calling for a redefining of the division of labor between EPA and the States. Among other things, the Academy recommended that States which demonstrate superior environmental performance should be granted greater flexibility and autonomy in carrying out environmental programs. That recommendation, of course, leads to the question of how to assess the level of environmental for which a State is providing, in other words, how do you tell whether a State is doing a good job. It's more difficult than it seems. That's because there's growing recognition that the more traditional methods of assessing State enforcement, such as by counting up the number of enforcement actions that have been filed, or the number of penalties imposed, are not adequate. States that are trying to attain better results in administering environmental programs increasingly are experimenting with more carrots and fewer sticks." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Max Baucus, John H. Chafee, James M. Inhofe, Frank R. Lautenberg, Jeff Sessions, Craig Thomas, John W. Warner, Patricia S. Bangert, Mark Coleman, Becky Norton Dunlop, Robert E. Harmon, Steven A. Herman, Robert R. Kuehn, Todd E. Robins, Joseph Rubin, Lois J. Schiffer, Nikki L. Tinsley, Christophe Tulou.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• U.S. Border Patrol's Implementation of 'Operation Gatekeeper': Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, August 9, 1996

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  Opening statement of Stephen Horn: "The subcommittee will examine today Operation Gatekeeper, an initiative of the Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service. Operation Gatekeeper seeks to reduce illegal immigration across the United States-Mexico border in the San Diego region. An important objective of Operation Gatekeeper is to provide a deterrent to illegal aliens crossing our southern border. Accordingly, a gauge by which to measure the success of that effort is the number of apprehensions of people attempting to enter the country illegally." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Al Assad Jr., Alan Bersin, Mark K. Reed, T.J. Bonner, Dianne Jacob, Elizabeth Mills, Michael B. Bixler, Randy Cunningham, Gus de la Vina, Stephen Horn, Donna Tisdale, Tom Wester, and Johnny Williams.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• S. Hrg. 105-199: National Missile Defense and the ABM Treaty: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, May 1, 1997

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  This hearing examines the extent to which "3+3" proposals are compatible with the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and the administration's plan for addressing any incompatibilities. Statements, letters, and material submited for the record include those of the following: Thad Cochran, John D. Holum and charts on ABM Treaty Issues.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• What Resources Should Be Used to Control Illegal Immigration at the Border and within the Interior? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information, and Technology of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session, June 12, 1995

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  From the opening statement of Steve Horn: "We are meeting today in Bellflower to consider what resources should be used to control illegal immigration at the border and in the interior. Nearly 4 million undocumented alien people live in the United States. Over 1.12 million or about 1 in 20 residents live in California. The General Accounting Office conservatively estimates the cost to the American taxpayers of illegal immigration in California alone at $2% billion a year. Another study suggests the cost nationwide approaches $4 billion, $3 billion annually for education and one-half billion dollars for public assistance and incarceration. The 1990 census woke up Congress and the rest of the country to our startling illegal immigration problems. California's seats in the House of Representatives jumped from 45 to 52 between the census of 1980 and 1990. Reliable estimates suggest at least of the seven new California seats are due to our illegal population gain in the last decade. In response, the rest of the Nation is finally and belatedly beginning to pay attention, as evidenced by President Clinton's recent immigration enforcement improvements proposal which we will hear about this morning." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gustavo De la Vina, Daniel E. Lungren, Timothy J. Staffel, Richard K. Rogers, Johnny N. Williams, Frank Ricchiazzi, William Jones, Thomas W. Sneddon Jr., Jim Thomas, and Steve Horn.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• Debate on NATO Enlargement: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate One Hundred Fifth Congress First Session, October 7, 9, 28, 30 and November 5, 1997

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  S. Hrg. 105-285: The purpose of this Senate hearing is to discuss the expansion of NATO to include Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Issues discussed include the of the cost of expansion to the U.S. and how NATO expansion will affect relations with Russia. Statements, witnesses and submissions: Madeleine Albright, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Jonathon Dean, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Michael Mandelbaum, William Roth, Stephen Cambone, Marc Grossman, Franklin Kramer, Stephen Larrabee, John Micgiel, Ivan Eland, Stephen Hadley, Richard Kugler, Walter Slocombe, Henry Kissinger, Jack Matlock, William Odom, Thomas Pickering, Dimitri Simes, David Acheson, Charles Ciccolella, Robert Doubek, Herbert Harmon, David Harris, John Joyce, Adrian Karatnycky, Mati Koiva, Frank Koszorus, Edward Moskal, Jan Nowak, Daniel Plesch, Alvin Rubinstein, Jack Shanahan, Paula Stern, Russell Feingold, Joseph Biden, Barbara Larkin, Jesse Helms, Richard Lugar, Chuck Hagel, Gordon Smith, Craig Thomas, John Ashcroft, Rod Grams, Bill Frist, Paul Sarbanes, Charles Robb, Dianne Feinstein, and Paul Wellstone.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1997
• DoD Directive 5200.1-R: Information Security Program

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  This Regulation is issued under the authority of DoD Directive 5200.1, "DoD Information Security Program," December 13, 1996. It prescribes procedures for implementation of Executive Order 12958, "Classified National Security Information," April 20, 1995, within the Department of Defense.

  United States. Department of Defense

  1997-01
• Policing Mass Transit: Serving a Unique Community

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  "Law enforcement agencies can work with transit authorities to improve the security and perceived safety of mass transit systems. Policing mass transit systems presents distinct challenges to law enforcement. At the same time, though, it enables agencies to send a clear, high-impact message that community-based policing extends to communities distinguished not only by geographical boundaries but also by shared needs. To fully integrate transportation security into a police agency's overall crime reduction strategy, administrators must remember that mass transit riders make up a special community based on a mode of transportation as opposed to a location. The primary goal of policing mass transit is twofold-to enhance transit system safety and to reduce the fear of crime on transit systems. When riders perceive a transit system as unsafe, they will not use it, no matter what claims statisticians or civic leaders make to the contrary. [...]. Fortunately, the police can pursue specific policies to counteract such sentiments and to enhance the public's attitude toward safety in the mass transit environment. The first step is to develop a reliable and practical standard to measure the success or failure of current and future security efforts."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  Nelson, Kurt R.

  1997-01
• Searching Pagers Incident to Arrest

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  "Basic fourth amendment principles apply to the search of pagers and the retrieval of messages within them. Law enforcement officers confront an explosion of rapidly changing technology used by criminals to facilitate their illegal activities. What is new today becomes commonplace overnight. The proliferation in the use of paging devices by the innocent and criminal alike is one example. Often, law enforcement officers find these devices on or near an arrestee. Messages within pagers seized from suspects during an arrest may provide incriminating information or valuable leads. Only recently have trends emerged from court decisions that provide law enforcement with guidance on what may be done with pagers seized incident to arrest. This article first addresses why most courts have concluded that electronic surveillance statutes do not govern the search of pagers incident to arrest. It then discusses the analysis courts have applied in reviewing the search of pagers seized incident to arrest. Generally, courts apply traditional fourth amendment search-and-seizure principles by first determining whether a search occurred and then addressing whether the search was reasonable."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  Regini, Lisa A.

  1997-01
• Riot Response: An Innovative Approach

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  "Over the centuries, organized societies often have spawned violent civil disturbances. Countless civil uprisings have been motivated by personal, religious, or political purposes, and many have prompted significant societal changes. Recent decades witnessed race riots across the United States in the 1960s, protests over American involvement in Vietnam in the 1970s, abortion clinic demonstrations in the 1980s, and disturbances stemming from allegations of police brutality in the 1990s. The assorted techniques used by modern law enforcement to quell civil disturbances have been used for many years with varying degrees of effectiveness. After any significant civil disturbance in which large-scale property damage, loss of life, or both occur, law enforcement agencies are held accountable. Often, departments face a catch-22 situation: rapid and aggressive police action garners allegations of overreacting, whereas a limited police response in hopes that the incident will calm down on its own brings accusations of incompetence. Clearly, the police need new strategies for dealing with civil disturbances. As the city of Los Angeles was burning in the wake of the Rodney King verdicts, members of the San Diego, California, Police Department SWAT Special Response Team began developing new methods of extinguishing the violent behavior of an unruly populace. They eventually adopted two techniques-the Augmented Skirmish Line and the Tango Team. These offer law enforcement agencies innovative ways to quell such disturbances."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  Hubbs, Ken

  1997-01
• U.S. Climate Action Report: 1997 Submission of the United States of America under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

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  "This document has been developed using the methodologies and format agreed to at the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the FCCC [Framework Convention on Climate Change], and modified by the second meeting of the Conference of the Parties and by sessions of the Convention's Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body on Implementation. The United States assumes that this communication, like those of other countries-- and like the preceding U.S. communication-- will be subject to a thorough review, and discussed in the evaluation process for the Parties of the Convention. Even though the measures listed in this report are not expected to reduce U.S. emissions below 1990 levels by the year 2000, the United States believes that many of the climate change actions being implemented have been successful at reducing emissions, send valuable signals to the private sector, and may be appropriate models for other countries. The U.S. experience should also ensure that future efforts are more effective in reversing the rising trend of emissions and returning U.S. emissions to more environmentally sustainable levels. [...] While the basic facts about the science of climate have been understood and broadly accepted for years, new information is steadily emerging--and influencing the policy process. In 1995, the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] released its Second Assessment Report, which not only validated most of the IPCC's earlier findings, but because of the considerable new work that had been undertaken during the five years since its previous full-scale assessment, broke new ground. The report is divided into three sections: physical sciences related to climate impacts; adaptation and mitigation responses; and cross-cutting issues, including economics and social sciences."

  United States. Department of State. Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs

  1997-01
• Decision Making and Planning Process: A Leadership Approach to Utilizing the Task Groups and Committee Concept

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  "The problem identified in this research project was that the task groups and committees that were used by the Birmingham Fire and Rescue Service to assist the executive staff in their decision making and planning processes were not generating the productivity or operating at the efficiency level that the administration desired. The main problem areas concerning the use of task groups and committees in the department's decision making and planning process were: 1. The groups' and committees' inability to provide recommendations, plans and proposals in a timely manner. 2. The managerial and decision making abilities of the members and group leaders themselves. 3. The evident presence of 'Groupthink' in the recommendations and proposals that were presented for approval. The purpose of this research project is to identify managerial methods that will assist task groups and committees in providing more effective recommendations, plans and proposals when routine and critical decisions are necessary. The information gathered in this research project is intended to assist in developing a structured model and workable procedures that will serve as a standard for managing task groups and standing committees. The research focuses on finding ways to alleviate the problems that hinder task group and committee productivity and efficieny. The research method used was an action research methodology. The action research methodology was necessary to show how the application of obtained information, structured guidelines, continuous training and leadership development are essential to solving the problem that faced the Birmingham Fire and Rescue Service."

  National Fire Academy

  Jackson, Tony G.

  1997-01