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• Consequence Management: A Mission for the National Guard

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  There is growing concern of increasing terrorist threats in the United States. Terrorist organizations are gaining increased access to the technology necessary to develop and employ Weapons of Mass Destruction. No single military organization has been assigned responsibility for consequence management. Assigning this responsibility to a single military organization could focus effort and provide civil authorities with a fully coordinated and standardized response to terrorist threats. National Guard units are trained to respond quickly to domestic emergencies. They have established emergency response relationships with local and state organizations. This article explains how the National Guard can be organized, trained, and structured to assume the Department of Defense lead for consequence management.

  United States. National Guard Bureau

  Hara, Gary M.

  1998-02-12
• TOKENEER User Authentication Techniques Using Public Key Certificates Part 3: An Example Implementation

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  "The intent of the three part study is to investigate placement of user authentication information within public key certificates. Part 1 [16] examines the options within X.509 (and related standards) for the placement of user authentication information and how system requirements affect the decision process. Part 2 [17] investigates specific authentication information, such as biometrics and passwords, which should be considered for placement in a public key certificate during the development of a system. This document (Part 3) presents a case study of how to architect such a system through an example implementation. This part of the study illustrates the techniques described in Part 1. It also provides an example of how to place the authentication information described in Part 2. It is not the intent of this study to dictate a standard or suggest a rigid implementation of authentication information."

  United States. National Security Agency/Central Security Service

  Reinert, Lawrence A.; Luther, Stephen C.

  1998-02-10
• S. Hrg. 105-443: 1998 Foreign policy Overview and the President's Fiscal Year 1999 Budget Request: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate One Hundred Fifth Congress Second Session, February 10, 1998

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  S. Hrg. 105-285: This hearing addresses U.S. foreign policy and the President's budget request for FY 1999. Specific issues addressed include: Iraq's obligations to allow unconditional access for United Nations inspectors, the possibility of using force against Iraq to diminish Saddam Hussein's ability to reconstitute weapons of mass destructions and their delivery systems, paying overdue U.N. bills, U.S. involvement in the IMF, START II, ABM treaty, the Test Ban Treaty, and the Chemical Weapons Convention.Statements, witnesses and submissions: Madeleine Albright, Jesse Helms, Richard Lugar, Chuck Hagel, Gordon Smith, Craig Thomas, Rod Grams, Sam Brownback, Joseph Biden, Paul Sarbanes, Christopher Dodd, John Kerry, Charles Robb, Russell Feingold, Dianne Feinstein, and Paul Wellstone.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1998-02-10
• Fraud on the Internet: Scams Affecting Consumers: Hearing Before Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs United States Senate One Hundred Fifth Congress Second Session, February 10, 1998

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  S. Hrg. 105-453: The purpose of this hearing is to discuss the use of the Internet as a tool for commerce, communication and fraud. The hearing addresses ways of educating consumers about the potential for fraud on the internet, specific types of internet fraud, and the prevention and prosecution of Internet fraud. Senator Glenn remarked, "The tremendous expansion of the Internet as a vehicle of communication and commerce raises an array of important security, consumer and legal issues that need to be addressed if we are to tap the full potential of this new technology." This hearing is the first in a series of hearings focusing on fraudulent schemes being perpetuated over the Internet. Statements, witnesses and submissions: Susan Collins, John Glenn, Susan Grant, Tatiana Gau, Barry Wise, and Robert Pitofsky

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1998-02-10
• Executive Order 13074: Amendment to Executive Order 12656

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  Executive Order 13074 amends Executive Order 12656 regarding Noncombatant Evacuation Operations. The Order specifies the government responsibility for the deployment and use of military forces for the protection of United States citizens and nationals and, in connection therewith, designated other persons or categories of persons, in support of their evacuation from threatened areas overseas.

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Clinton, Bill, 1946-

  1998-02-09
• NATO Enlargement from the Russian Perspective

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  "At the July 1997 summit of NATO leaders in Madrid, with a leading role exercised by the United States, NATO decided to extend invitations for membership to three Central European countries: Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Their official acceptance into the alliance is scheduled currently for 1999. Russia has diplomatically contested the enlargement of NATO since discussions concerning the issue began in 1992. There are many reasons for Russia's concern and at times visceral opposition to NATO enlargement, and this paper will explore these reasons. After discussing the reasons for enlargement, the paper uses published papers, documents and speeches by leading Russian politicians, diplomats, academics and media representatives to explain why Russia thinks NATO is enlarging, and why they are opposed to it. The final section of the paper explores several remaining policy challenges for NATO and the West regarding enlargement."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Milano, James M.

  1998-02-05
• Food Safety Agencies and Authorities: A Primer [February 5, 1998]

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  From the Summary: "Several federal agencies, in cooperation with state governments, are responsible for regulating the safety of the U.S. food supply. In the wake of an outbreak of foodborne illness and the largest recall of suspected contaminated meat in U.S. history in August 1997, several policymakers have reopened the debate on creating a single, independent, federal food safety agency. They assert that this would provide more effective regulatory control over the entire farm-to-table food production and marketing system by eliminating the overlapping and occasionally competing objectives of multiple agencies. As background for further discussion on this and related food safety issues, this report describes the roles of the primary federal and cooperating state agencies responsible for food safety and enumerates the major legislative authorities currently governing them."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Vogt, Donna U.; Rawson, Jean M.

  1998-02-05
• Immigration: Adjustment to Permanent Residence Status under Section 245(i) [Updated February 4, 1998]

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  "Under § 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, an alien in the U.S. who, on the basis of family relationship or job skills, becomes eligible for permanent resident status may adjust to that status in the United States without having to go abroad to obtain an immigrant visa. Historically, only those aliens who were here legally (e.g., as a student or a temporary skilled worker) could adjust status under § 245. In 1994, however, Congress enacted § 245(i). That provision, which was set to expire on September 30, 1997, allowed illegal aliens in the U.S. to adjust status under § 245 once they, because of family relationships or job skills, became eligible for permanent residency, provided they paid a surcharge fee. During debate on extending § 245(i), some viewed extension as an incentive to maintain illegal residency and as a 'loophole' to 1996 immigration reforms. Proponents of extension cited the money made available for immigration enforcement by the surcharge fee, and the utility of § 245(i) for allowing families that include an illegal alien member to remain intact."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Krouse, William J.; Eig, Larry M.

  1998-02-04
• Joint Theater Missile Defense Interoperability

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  Global proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction is directly tied to the rapid development of Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBMs) as both a political and military weapon of choice in developing nations. As such, the U.S. Joint Forces Commander (JFC) is faced with the issue of optimizing own-force Theater Missile Defense (TMD) assets as well as those of Coalition partners. Underpinning the issue of TMD resource allocation and employment are the issues of interoperability and integration of Joint Force, i.e., service component unique, Battle Management/Command, Control and Communications (BM/C3) systems into an information architecture that supports TMD. The problem of TMD BM/C3 interoperability is aggravated in coalition or multi-national warfare, where all TMD players do not have equal access to information. BM/C3 Tactical Data Processors (TDPs) have embedded data correlation or data fusion algorithms as the "brain" of the system used to develop a common picture of the battlespace. These data correlation algorithms may take the form of mathematical equations, "IF - THEN" statements or logical rules. The differences between data correlation algorithms is reflected as differences in the common picture displayed in a BM/C3 system among the various TMD players and the JFC. In order to improve multi-service and multi-national interoperability in the near term, the JFC commander may selectively alter the information architecture within a specific theater to optimize data correlation and better develop a single, common picture of the battlespace. In the long term, the JFC must advocate the joint acquisition of BM/C3 systems that not only "look alike," but "think alike. "

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  Neuenfeldt, Brian D.

  1998-02-03
• Changing Role of the National Guard

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  This document is the remarks of Deputy Secretary of Defense John J. Hamre, given in Washington, D.C.on Tuesday, February 03, 1998. From the remarks: "The Army, as with all of the services, but the Army is struggling hard with a lot of changes -- enormous changes and transition. You've got 8,000 people over in Bosnia. Every year we start, we don't have any way to pay for it, you know. And then, right now, we're looking at an $800 million shortfall in the Army's budget to get through this year to pay for Bosnia. It's killing them, you know. And so their attitude was, they're in the QDR [Quadrennial Defense Review], they're trying to save force structure. I think their view is that if they don't save force structure, nobody else will. You understand that sentiment. And they were looking increasingly like the Guard was just kind of a drain on their resources. And it created, I think, a really ugly atmosphere. And it showed. I have got to tell you, it was painful to watch, and we can't have that happen again. We just can't tolerate that. I honestly believe that the Army and the Guard cannot live without each other. The Guard really depends on the Army for the innovation, the new weapon systems, the new doctrine, leadership development, the whole kind of infrastructure that goes and makes combat a reality and a capability in this country. By the same measure, the Army needs the Guard because the Army doesn't touch America, the Guard touches America. You went down, during Desert Storm, when the Army was sent off on the 7th of August, to go to Desert Storm. America didn't go to war on the 7th of August."

  United States. Department of Defense

  Hamre, John J.

  1998-02-03
• 1, 2, 3's of Biosafety Levels

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  This document is a paper from the 5th National Symposium on Biosafety that includes the associated PowerPoint slides from the presentation given at the symposium. The document is based upon the CDC/NIH 3rd edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories. From the earliest days of microbiological research, laboratorians have recognized that acquiring infections from the agents they manipulated was a recognized occupational hazard. The most commonly-acquired lab infections were caused by bacterial agents; as microbiologists learned to culture animal viruses, they also found ways to become infected with these agents. From the literature reviews of Sulkin and Pike, we also learned that a significant number of these infections were fatal and that most infections were of unknown origin. Guidelines evolved as a means of protecting microbiological workers based on these data and an understanding of the risks associated with various manipulations of many agents transmissible by different routes. These guidelines work from the premise that safe work sites result from a combination of engineering controls, management policies, work practices and procedures, and, occasionally, medical interventions. The different biosafety levels developed for microbiological and biomedical laboratories provide increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection. Upper level management must set the general tone that safety is a high priority at their institute. Though this is often expressed in broad policy statements, it must be supported by resource allocation decisions: financial, personnel staffing, training, a safety performance reward structure, etc. For each biosafety level there are also specific supervisory qualifications as assurance that the laboratorians are provided appropriate role models and knowledgeable mentors. Crucial to safe working conditions are the various types of specialized equipment available to serve as primary barriers between the microorganism and the laboratorian.

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Richmond, Jonathan Y.

  1998-02-02
• Reimbursement of Expenses Under 5 U.S.C. § 5503(a): Memorandum Opinion for the Counsel to the President [February 2, 1998]

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  "U.S.C. § 5503(a) does not prohibit individuals reappointed to the Board of Directors of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund during a congressional recess from receiving reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses associated with performing their functions. This memorandum confirms oral advice conveyed to your office that individuals appointed for a second time during a congressional recess to the Board of Directors of the Civil Liberties Public Education Fund may be reimbursed for expenses associated with performing their functions."

  United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel

  1998-02-02
• AF Pamphlet 14-210: USAF Intelligence Targeting Guide

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  This pamphlet explains the principles and concepts of targeting. The data included pertains to tactical, operational, and strategic levels of operations. It begins with a discussion of a target and target systems, then describes the information and intelligence required for targeting, the scope and functions of targeting, analytical techniques, battlefield targeting, and legal aspects of targeting. This pamphlet was prepared by the Targeting Division, HQ 497 Intelligence Group, Air Intelligence Agency. This pamphlet is a revision to AFP 200-17, AFP 200-18 Volumes I and II, and updates target intelligence concepts. Time tested target intelligence techniques and procedures have been reincorporated, updated information on doctrinal issues in the intelligence and operations arena has been included, migration automated systems are described where they pertain to targeting, existing chapters were reordered, and two sections added; a chapter on targeting and information warfare and an attachment on the evolution of targeting. This document supercedes AFP 200-17 from June 1989 and AFO 299-18 volumes I and II from October 1990. This publication is available digitally on the SAF/AAD WWW site at: http://afpubs.hq.af.mil.

  United States. Department of the Air Force

  1998-02-01
• Joint Force Quarterly: Autumn/Winter 1997-98, Issue 17 [February 1998]

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  "NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Rokosz, Ronald F.; Hash, Charles H.

  1998-02
• Annual Industrial Capabilities Report to Congress February 1998

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  "Section 2504 of title 10 of the United States Code requires the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on National Security of the House of Representatives, by March lst of each year. This report describes relevant internal guidance issued, the methods and analyses used to identify and address industrial capabilities issues, and each action taken to sustaln an essential 'at risk' industrial capability."

  United States. Department of Defense

  1998-02
• USAF Operations in a Chemical and Biological (CB) Warfare Environment, Defense Equipment, Volume 3

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  This handbook implements AFPD 32-40, Disaster Preparedness and AFMAN 32-4005, Personnel Protection and Attack Actions. AFH 32-4014, Volume 3, provides Civil Engineer Readiness Flight personnel with general information and technical data concerning fielded chemical and biological warfare defense equipment. The information contained in this guide was extracted from various Air Force Technical Orders and/or equipment manuals. The information contained herein does not supersede any published Technical Order (T.O.), Readiness Training Package (RTP), or equipment manual. Information on planning and analysis, hazards, and defense procedures can be found in Volumes 1, 2, and 4, respectively.

  United States. Department of the Air Force

  Poulis, Andrew

  1998-02-01
• United States Attorneys' Bulletin: Church Arsons and Hate Crimes, Volume 46 Number 2, February 1998

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  This edition of the United States Attorneys' Bulletin covers church arsons and hate crimes. The following articles are included: "Interview with Assistant Secretary for Enforcement Jim Johnson"; "Overview of the National Church Arson Task Force"; Interview with ATF Deputy Assistant Director Mark Logan"; "The Community Relations Service--A Task Force Partner"; "The Community Relations Service--A Task Force Partner"; "The Anatomy of a Church Arson."

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  1998-02
• Toxicological Evaluation of Depleted Uranium in Rats: Six-Month Evaluation Point

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  The use of depleted uranium (DU) munitions during Desert Storm resulted in a unique type of battlefield casualty, DU shrapnel wounds. The toxicity associated with embedded DU may differ significantly from other metals or other routes of uranium administration. This is a 6-month interim report of an 18- month study that is designed to assess the toxicity of implanted DU pellets. This study evaluates kidney, behavioral, and neural toxicity associated with intramuscularly implanted DU pellets (1-mm x 2-mm) and assesses tissues for histological changes and for uranium content. Rats were assigned to five experimental groups: 1) a non-implanted sham surgical control group, 2) rats implanted with 20 tantalum (Ta) to control for fragment implantation, 3) rats implanted with low-doseDU (4DU and 16 Ta pellets), 4) rats implanted with medium-doseDU(10DU and 10 Ta pellets), and 5) rats implanted with high-dose DU (20 DU pellets). Uranium levels were high and dose-dependent in the kidney, urine, and bone. Despite high uranium levels in the kidney, no renal toxicity was evident. Between 23-26 weeks body weight in high-DU dose animals was significantly lower than controls. Unexpectedly, uranium was found in the brain of DU-implanted animals. No behavioral neurotoxicity was evident. Excitability of hippocampal neurons was reduced in the highDU dose animals at 6 months. These data suggest that at the 6-month time point, renal toxicity may be less of a hazard than anticipated.While these results indicate that toxicity is not evident at 6 months with exposure to embedded DU, there is a need to further investigate long-term effects in light of the high levels accumulated in some body tissues.

  Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (U.S.)

  Pellmar, T. C. (Terry C.); Hogan, J. B.; Benson, K. A. . . .

  1998-02
• Chronic Radiation Sickness Among Techa Riverside Residents

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  In 1994 the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute published a contract report entitled "Analysis of Chronic Radiation Sickness Cases in the Population of the Southern Urals." The principal author of both reports was Dr. Mira M. Kossenko of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM, formerly Branch 4 of the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR). The first report documented the extent of radiation exposure along the Techa river and gave an overview of the health effects of this exposure on the population. There were 940 individuals diagnosed with CRS; of this large group, 66 met the criteria of a dose of at least one gray received over three years, no concurrent disease with symptoms similar to CRS, and signs and symptoms as described by Guskova and Baysogolov. In this report the dynamics of CRS, its clinical course, and the long-term outcomes for patients with this disease are described in much greater detail. Once the patient was removed from exposure, the course of CRS stabilized. Most patients eventually recovered, with the time to recovery being inversely related to the total dose received. Severity of symptoms was directly related to dose. A significantly increased percentage of patients died from leukemia or other blood dyscrasias and solid tissue neoplastic diseases compared to a control group. However, except for early deaths resulting from malignancies, there was no life span shortening. Today there are no patients who have CRS; all have either recovered completely (the majority), at least stabilized, or have died.

  Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (U.S.)

  Kossenko, Mira M.; Nikolayenko, Lidiya A.; Yepifanova, Svetlana B. . . .

  1998-02
• DoD Nuclear Weapons Transportation Manual

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  This Manual is issued under the authority of DoD Directive 4540.5, Logistic Transportation of Nuclear Weapons," 4 February 1998. It provides guidance for the transport of nuclear weapons by the DoD Components, expands on the transportation polices and responsibilities established in DoD Directive 4540.5, and describes a range of transportation activities. It also addresses safety, security, and use control guidance for the transport of nuclear Weapons.

  United States. Department of Defense

  1998-02
• Employee Turnover in Chesterfield County's Emergency Communications Center: A Research Study with Recommendations

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  "The Chesterfield County, Virginia, Emergency Communications Center currently experiences a high rate of turnover of Emergency Communications Officers. This turnover rate has an impact on the quality of emergency services provided to the County's citizens and its public safety agencies. Currently, there is little literature discussion regarding the high turnover rates for Emergency Communications Center personnel. The purpose of this research project was to identify the factors that influence Emergency Communications Center's turnover rate and to recommend solutions. This study used the historical, descriptive and evaluative methodologies. The research questions used in this study were: 1. What was the experience base of the Emergency Communications Officers lost during the past seven years? 2. What has been the impact of that lost experience base on the training and experience levels of the incumbent staff? 3. What has been the impact of the high turnover rate on the incumbent staff? 4. What do the incumbent staff members feel are the factors that cause a high turnover rate? 5. What were the reasons given by former staff members for their leaving the Center? This research used a survey to assess the attitudes of the incumbent staff regarding the high turnover rate in the Center. The survey included questions on staff demographics, opinions on work schedules, salary, benefits, sources of workplace stress, and career attitudes. The survey was distributed to forty-four fully functional staff employees and eight employees who were still in training. The study findings revealed that the high turnover rate has significantly reduced the experience level of the incumbent staff. It has also created the need for excessive overtime to provide minimum staffing in the absence of a fully trained staff."

  National Fire Academy

  Avsec, Robert P.

  1998-02
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Juvenile Firesetter Program

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  "Research was prompted to find data that measured the effectiveness of juvenile firesetter programs that was comparable to national statistics. The purpose was to implement a means for using data with an evaluation system to determine measurable results and long-term effectiveness regarding recidivism. This would provide justification for on-going continuance of the program and funding. Action research was used to answer three questions: 1. After a juvenile completes an intervention program, what follow-up is conducted to audit for any reoccurrence of fireplay or firesetting? 2. How long after completion of an intervention program is follow-up conducted and how many follow-ups are done and for how of a period (i.e., months, years) does it continue? 3. What information is compiled to monitor and evaluate the program? Are there any national models for monitoring a program? The procedure to determine the results involved searching for information that referenced setting up a Juvenile Firesetter Program (JFP) or summarized existing programs. Due to limited literature available, a survey was sent to organizations and fire departments that had a JFP. In order to locate programs, the Internet was used as well as JFP's referenced in literature. The results of the literature search established that there was a national model for frequency and length of time to follow-up with juveniles to audit for recidivism. Additionally, a national model was found on data collection that could be used for evaluation purposes related to recidivism. The national models were compared to survey results."

  National Fire Academy

  Arnlund, Marilyn

  1998-02
• Locating, Staffing and Dispatching Quint Apparatus: Integrating Quints into the Arlington Fire Department

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  "By using a descriptive and historical research methodology, this applied research project was conducted to determine the best location, staffing and dispatching procedures to be used when the three quint type fire apparatus arrive in Arlington for service in late 1998. These quints will replace three ladder trucks currently in service. The problem was that Arlington has no experience with quints and no formal plan exists to incorporate their use into the operations of the Arlington Fire Department. No additional staffing will be available to staff the quints. The research questions to be answered are: 1). Of the five taskforce stations with aerial apparatus, which geographic areas would best integrate the multi-purpose role of the quint apparatus? 2). What would be the best utilization of current available staffing for the quint apparatus? 3). How will the current dispatching department integrate the necessary changes to dispatching procedures? Keeping in mind that whenever the quints are out of service the replacement apparatus will be an aerial apparatus without water supply capabilities. A literature review was conducted using the Learning Resource Center of the National Emergency Training Center in Emmitsburg, Maryland and by conducting a Texas Inter-library loan search. Interviews were conducted in person and by telephone with fire department officials and with individuals in other related fields."

  National Fire Academy

  Lubke, Kim W.

  1998-02
• Proactive Approach to Reducing Fire Fighter Injuries

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  "Palm Beach County Fire Rescue has many employee's who are suffering, or have suffered job related injuries and decreased performance levels on the fire ground and at other emergency incidents. This situation has had detrimental effects on the fire department, its employees, and the recipients of its services. The purpose of this research was to develop a proactive solution to employees suffering job related injuries and a decrease in stamina while performing emergency operations. This condition has had deleterious effects on Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and has become more serious as the average age of the department employee has increased. Through evaluative research, the following questions were researched and addressed: 1. Is there a direct correlation between a firefighter's level of physical fitness and job performance? 2. Is there a direct correlation to job related injuries and poor physical conditioning? 3. Does poor physical conditioning effect firefighter longevity? Each year, the amount of data indicating that firefighting is among the most dangerous occupations increases. In addition, the amount of data indicating that a program of physical fitness can significantly reduce the likelihood of death or injury is also growing. It should be apparent to Executive Fire Officers that through the implementation of an annual physical agility and health screening program, departments can enhance firefighter performance and improve their overall well being, along with providing fiscal efficiency. With each passing day more fire departments are beginning to realize that through a small investment of time and money in a physical fitness program, they will reap a return in the form of stronger and healthier firefighters, with a significant improvement in their performance level and work capacity, along with a reduction in sick leave and line of duty injuries."

  National Fire Academy

  Sierra, Albert L.

  1998-02
• Developing Fire Prevention Inspection Skills Using Computer Based Training: Strategic Management of Change

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  "This research project analyzed the use of fire department developed Computer Based Training (CBT) programs to provide skills learning to company fire inspectors. The purpose of the research was to determine whether a computer based training programs could be delivered cost effectively, efficiently, and be readily accepted by the firefighter students. This research employed evaluative research to (a) determine whether the fire department could develop CBT inspection skills training programs, (b) identify whether CBT can provide skills training at a lower cost that conventional training methods, and (C) determine whether CBT is an accepted method of skills training by company fire inspectors. The primary procedural methods were to research existing materials on delivery of training using computers, develop and evaluate actual CBT titles, and to review and assess their impact on the fire inspection training programs of the department. The research findings were utilized to determine whether the department should continue or expand development and delivery of a computer based training programs. The major findings of the research suggested that multimedia training programs can be developed cost effectively by fire department trainers, the training is easy to use, and learning by computers is viewed as a good method of skills enhancement by students. Additional findings included a perception by students that they learned more using the CBT approach and that they retained more using the computer approach than with traditional classroom training. The recommendations resulting from this research included continuing CBT as a delivery method for fire prevention training and development of additional courseware for other subjects specific to firefighting and emergency medical services."

  National Fire Academy

  Nuttall, Steven R.

  1998-02
• Next Generation Internet: Implementation Plan, February 1998

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  This document is the Next Generation Internet Implementation Plan. The Federal government has a unique role to play in stimulating technological progress. Through its NGI initiative, the Government will help create an environment in which advanced networking R&D breakthroughs are possible. The NGI initiative, together with other investment sectors will create the foundation for the networks of the 21st century, setting the stage for networks that are much more powerful and versatile than the current Internet.

  United States. National Coordination Office for High Performance Computing and Communications

  1998-02
• Increasing the Water Supply Capabilities of a Rural Fire District

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  "The Williams Rural Fire Protection District (WRFPD) recognizes the fact that in the event of a large-scale fire, the Fire Department does not have adequate capabilities to provide and maintain a continuous water supply to the fire scene. The purpose of this research project was to research information to aid in formulating a plan that could be used to upgrade the Williams Rural Fire Protection District's water supply resources and to reduce refill and travel time of the water tankers. This project utilized both historical and action research methodology. Historical research was used to determine: (1) what other rural fire departments were doing to facilitate their water supply resources; (2) what funding may be available through government or private grants; (3) what assistance the state fire marshals may provide local rural fire departments in this matter; (4) and what the acceptable national standards are. Action research was used to develop a plan in order to formulate and implement a low cost, efficient water supply program. The procedures used were: (1) surveying rural fire departments nationwide; (2) surveying all of the state fire marshals; (3) interviewing local fire officials; (4) reviewing various forms of literature including trade magazines, training manuals, and equipment manufacturer's literature; (5) local water resource site inspections. This research resulted in the development of a plan to : (1) identify and acquire usage of water resource sites; (2) identify the type of equipment and material to be used; (3) develop an acceptable budget for labor and material; (4) provide for funding."

  National Fire Academy

  Hartsell, Robert N.

  1998-02
• Impact of the Fort Worth Fire Department's Physical Fitness Program from 1986 Through 1996

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  "The Fort Worth Fire Department has provided a health and physical fitness program for its employees since the early 1980s. The Fort Worth program identified cardiovascular efficiency and endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition as the major components of its physical fitness program when considering the effect of the program on individual fire fighters. However, the problem that confronted the Fort Worth Fire Department is that little research had been conducted to determine the overall effectiveness of its physical fitness program on the department as a whole. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fort Worth Fire Department physical fitness program from 1986 through 1996. The evaluative research method was employed to conduct this study. Research questions that were to be answered by this study were: 1. What criteria do other fire departments use to measure the effectiveness of their physical fitness program? 2. What criteria should the Fort Worth Fire Department use to measure the effectiveness of its physical fitness program? 3. How successful was the Fort Worth Physical Fitness Program when compared to the selected criteria? A literature review was conducted followed by a survey of 150 fire departments listed in the International Association of Fire Chiefs Metro Section. Results from the survey were tabulated and research was conducted to answer the stated research questions. Research indicated that the physical fitness program had a positive influence on the fitness level of the Fort Worth Fire Department."

  National Fire Academy

  Peacock, Jay D.

  1998-02
• Dealing with Workplace Violence: A Guide for Agency Planners

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  "Preventing workplace violence is a growing concern in the United States. Public interest and media attention have focused primarily on dramatic but very rare types of violence such as shootings by disgruntled employees in office buildings. Planners of workplace violence programs face the dual challenge of reducing employees' anxiety about very rare risk factors while focusing their attention on more likely sources of danger. Undue anxiety about the 'office gunman' can stand in the way of identifying more significant, but less dramatic, risk factors such as poorly lighted parking lots or gaps in employee training programs. This anxiety can also make it more difficult to cope with one of the most common workplace violence problems-the employee whose language or behavior frightens coworkers. Federal employees in organizations such as the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have played a leading role in helping employers recognize and respond appropriately to the actual risks of workplace violence faced by their employees. […] In the spirit of reinventing government, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management organized the Interagency Working Group on Violence in the Workplace. The purpose was to bring together a multi-disciplinary group of experienced professionals from throughout the Federal Government in order to develop comprehensive approaches to analyzing and responding to threats or incidents of violence in the Federal workplace. This document is a product of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and the Interagency Working Group."

  United States. Office of Personnel Management

  1998-02
• U.S./Mexico Bi-National Drug Strategy (1998)

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  "The Governments of the United States and Mexico recognize that the current dimensions of international drug trafficking and related crimes extend beyond national boundaries and exceed the capacity of any nation to face them in isolation. These have become a serious problem that affects the health and security of international society. The drug threat cannot be confronted by one nation alone. Therefore, the United States and Mexico believe that bilateral and multilateral cooperation among nations is necessary to achieve acceptable results in the struggle against production, distribution, trafficking, and consumption of illicit drugs. The same is true with regard to related crimes such as money laundering, diversion of precursor and essential chemicals, and arms trafficking. Both countries have decided to continue promoting sub-regional, regional, and world cooperation against drugs. In this context, and in order to strengthen bilateral collaboration to confront the problem, the United States and Mexico agreed to prepare a bilateral anti-drug cooperation strategy that will complement the national drug control strategies in effect in each country. The strategy was developed with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial jurisdiction of the United States and Mexico. The areas for collaboration were defined by the Presidents of both countries, who instructed their governments to carry out the actions necessary to produce the Binational Drug Strategy."

  U.S./Mexico High Level Contact Group on Drug Control

  1998-02