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• Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Space

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  The U.S space industry is in a major transition from being a child of the Cold War to becoming an adolescent commercial industry. Industry growth continued this year, but the unbridled enthusiasm of the previous few years has been undermined by significant financial, technical, and policy failures affecting the entire industry. The industry faces many challenges, largely due to a significant industrial overcapacity fueled by the excessive optimism of the past decade. The key government role is to provide strategic leadership and to establish effective policies that balance the needs of the emerging commercial sector with those of national security. Issues such as export licensing, data distribution, spectrum allocation, and research and development investment decisions require thoughtful and expert government attention to move the industry from its historical Cold War roots to a viable commercial entity capable of competing in an increasingly globalized market.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  2000
• Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Shipbuilding

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  The U.S. shipbuilding industry continues to design and build the most advanced military vessels in the world. Despite this capability, the industry is not competitive in the world shipbuilding market. The industry has been in decline since the United States withdrew direct shipbuilding subsidies in 1981. The larger, or "first-tier" yards have been unable to compete internationally due to the dedicated industrial policies, greater efficiency, and lower labor rates in other countries. The absence of a robust commercial counterpart to the military shipbuilding sector may prevent these larger yards from operating as efficiently as they could. "Second-" and "third-tier" yards that produce the majority of the ships used in domestic trade have been more innovative, more efficient, and therefore, more successful internationally. However, all shipbuilders must apply modern business practices, processes, and enabling technologies to become more cost-effective and competitive.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  2000
• Industrial College of the Armed Forces: Industry Studies 2000: Strategic Materials

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  Strategic materials are those deemed to be of critical importance to national development and well-being. They include the following diverse materials: steel; aluminum; titanium; carbon-carbon and polymer matrices; and advanced ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, and metal matrix composites. Each of these materials differs from the others in terms of levels of technical and economic maturity and profitability. Overall, the materials industry has undergone a dramatic shift in the past decade, from a supplier value, supplier-centered industry to a customer -value, customer-centered industry. Instead of being viewed as commodities purchased by the pound, today's strategic materials are engineered products that significantly enhance performance and life cycle cost, and significantly contribute to the economy and to human resource development. Service, value, and processing are important, as are the consequences of the production processes.

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  2000
• Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3 ) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include arsenic oxide, arsenious acid, arsenious oxide, arsenious trioxide, arsenous acid anhydride, crude arsenic, arsenolite, and white arsenic.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Blister Agents: Lewisite (L) (C2H2AsCl3) and Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms for Lewisite include L, arsine (2-chlorovinyl) dichloro-, arsenous dichloride (2-chloroethenyl)-, chlorovinylarsine dichloride, 2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine, beta-chlorovinyldichloroarsine, dichloro-(2-chlorovinyl)arsine, EA1034. Synonyms for Mustard-Lewisite include HL and Sulfur Mustard/Lewisite.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Ammonia (NH3) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include ammonia gas, anhydrous ammonia, and liquid ammonia. Aqueous solutions are referred to as aqueous ammonia, ammonia solution, and ammonium hydroxide.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Malathion (C10H19O6PS2) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include S-[1,2-Di(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]O,O-dimethyl-phosphorothioate, diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio) succinate, and a variety of trade names such as Cekumal, Cythion, Fosfothion, Fyfafon, Malixol, Maltox, Sadophos, and Zithiol.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Phosgene Oxime (CHCl2NO) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include dichloroformoxime; CX.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Unidentified Chemical - Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description for protocols related to unknown chemical agents, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Blister Agents: Sulfur Mustard Agent H or HD (C4H8Cl2S) and Sulfur Mustard Agent HT Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. H and HD: Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; bis(beta-chloroethyl) sulfide; di-2-chloroethyl sulfide; 1-chloro-2(beta-chloroethylthio)ethane; 2,2'-dichloroethyl sulfide; sulfur mustard; Iprit; Kampstoff "Lost"; mustard gas; senfgas, S-yperite; yellow cross liquid; yperite HT: Mixture of bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and bis[2-(2-chloroethylthio)-ethyl]ether

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Blister Agents: Nitrogen Mustard (HN-1) (C6H13Cl2N), Nitrogen Mustard (HN-2) (C5H11Cl2N), and Nitrogen Mustard (HN-3) (C6H12Cl3N) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. HN-1: Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine; 2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethylethanamine; 2,2'-dichlorotriethylamine; ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine; ethyl-S HN-2: MBA; mechlorethamine; mustine; 2,2'-dichloro-N-methyldiethylamine; dichloren; caryolysin; mechlorethanamine; chlormethine; bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine HN-3: Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine; 2-chloro-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine; 2,2',2"-trichlorotriethylamine

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Ethylene Oxide ([CH2]2O) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include dimethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxyethane, EtO, EO, ethene oxide, and oxirane.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Thematic Summary of a Symposium on Security and the Design of Public Buildings

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  America is confronting individuals and organizations that have the financing, training, motivation, equipment, and materials to strike at U.S. interests anywhere in the world. The methods of attack vary from assassinations to truck bombs and could include weapons of mass destruction. And, while the network of international terrorist leader Usama bin Ladin is well financed, many other terrorist groups are discovering that they can carry out missions with modest funds, minimal organization, cheap information, and easily accessible weaponry. Whereas symbolism and convenience were once the high priorities in embassy design, security and safety have now moved to the top.

  United States. Department of State

  1999-11-30
• Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents, Volume I (Revised): Emergency Medical Services: A Planning Guide for the Management of Contaminated Patients

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  This is the first of a three volume set on Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. It is divided into three sections - 1. Systems Approach to Planning, 2. Emergency Medical Services Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents, and 3. Response and Patient Management. The presence of hazardous materials or toxic chemicals at an incident location or other emergency situation adds a new dimension of risk to those handling and treating casualties. The fundamental difference between a hazardous materials incident and other emergencies is the potential for acute risk from contamination to both patient and responder. This volume, written for emergency response personnel, is designed to familiarize readers with the terminology, concepts, and key operational considerations that affect the proper management of incidents of chemical contamination. It is designed not only to present uniform guidance for the emergency care of chemically contaminated patients, but also to provide basic information necessary to comprehensive planning and implementation of EMS strategies. It is intended to illustrate the characteristics of hazardous materials (hazmat) incidents that compel emergency response personnel to modify their preparations and response procedures. Not all hospitals and community emergency response systems are prepared to respond to a hazardous chemical incident to the same degree. This document may be used to assess the capabilities of EMS with respect to potential community hazards and to develop response plans using national and community-specific resources. Employee safety and training are also key factors in effective management of medical emergencies. This document is intended to provide source material for developing local training and safety protocols.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents, Volume II (Revised): Hospital Emergency Departments: A Planning Guide for the Management of Contaminated Patients

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  This is the second of a three volume set on Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. This document is divided into three sections - 1. Systems Approach to Planning, 2. Emergency Department Response to Hazardous Materials Incidents, and 3. Patient Management. Current training curricula for emergency room physicians and nurses and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) often do not adequately prepare these professionals to manage the contaminated individual or to decontaminate patients exposed to toxic substances. Accurate, specific, and concise guidance is needed to describe appropriate procedures to be followed by emergency medical personnel to safely care for a patient, as well as to protect equipment, hospital personnel, patients, and others from risk of secondary exposure. This volume, written for emergency department personnel, is designed to familiarize readers with the concepts, terminology, and key operational considerations that affect the management of incidents of chemical contamination. It presents uniform guidance for the emergency care of chemically contaminated patients; provides basic information critical to advance planning and implementation of emergency medical strategies; illustrates the characteristics of hazardous materials incidents that compel modifications to traditional emergency response procedures; and presents effective preparatory response actions.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents, Volume III (revised): Medical Management Guidlelines for Acute Chemical Exposures

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  This is the third of a three volume set on Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. This document covers the protocols for medical professionals on a number of chemical agents: Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Ammonia, Aniline, Arsenic Trioxide, Arsine, Benzene, Blister Agent (L, HL), Blister Agent (HN-1, HN-2, HN-3), Blister Agent (H, HD, HT), Butadiene, Carbon Disulfide, Calcium Hypochlorite/Sodium, Hypochlorite, Chlordane, Chlorine, Crotonaldehyde, Diborane, Ethylene Dibromide, Elemental Mercury, Ethylene Glycol, Ethylene Oxide, Formaldehyde, Gasoline, Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Cyanide, Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Malathion, Methyl Bromide, Methylene Chloride, Methyl Isocyanate, Methyl Mercaptan, Nerve Agents (GA, GB, GD, VX), Nitrogen Oxides, Parathion, Phenol, Phosgene, Phosphine, Phosgene Oxime, Selenium Hexafluoride, Sodium Hydroxide, Sulfur Dioxide, Tetrachloroethylene, Toluene, Toluene Diisocyanate, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, Unidentified Chemical, Vinyl Chloride, and Xylene

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• Acrolein (C3H4O) Chemical Protocol

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  Very comprehensive description of the chemical agent, with coverage on many important aspects, including information on routes of exposure, sources and uses, exposure limits, physical characteristics, patient management, decontamination and treatment, incident reporting. Synonyms include 2-propenal, 2-propen-1-one, prop-2-en-1-al, acraldehyde, acrylaldehyde, acrylic aldehyde, allyl aldehyde, ethylene aldehyde, aqualine.

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  2000
• U.S. General Services Administration: Making Federal Buildings Safe

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  This card provides tips and guidance on ways to make your Federal buildings a safer place. Employees should increase awareness of any suspicious activity and report concerns to the appropriate security and law enforcement personnel. The better we prepare ourselves to respond to emergencies, the better we will be able to care for ourselves and our customers in the event of a real threat or act of violence.

  United States. General Services Administration

  2000
• Investigating Disease Outbreaks under a Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

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  "The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention prohibits the development, production, and stockpiling of biological weapons agents or delivery devices for anything other than peaceful purposes. A protocol currently in the final stages of negotiation adds verification measures to the convention. One of these measures will be international investigation of disease outbreaks that suggest a violation of the convention, i.e., outbreaks that may be caused by use of biological weapons or release of harmful agents from a facility conducting prohibited work. Adding verification measures to the current Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention will affect the international public health and epidemiology communities; therefore, active involvement of these communities in planning the implementation details of the protocol will be important."

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  Wheelis, Mark

  2000
• National Drug Control Strategy: Counterdrug Research and Development Blueprint Update (February 2000)

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  CTAC's mission is to serve as the central counterdrug enforcement research and development organization of the U.S. Government. Since 1992, Congress has appropriated funding to sponsor a counterdrug R&D program to advance the technological capabilities of Federal drug control agencies responsible for both supply and demand reduction activities. In 1998,CTAC's role was expanded to support a program to transfer successful counterdrug technologies developed with federal funding directly to State and local law enforcement agencies. The Technology Transfer Program (TTP) concentrates on providing state-of-the-art, affordable, easily integrated and maintainable tools to enhance the capabilities of State and local law enforcement agencies (LEAs) for counterdrug missions. Special emphasis was placed on providing technology to LEAs within High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA).

  United States. White House Office

  2000
• National Drug Control Strategy: 2000 Annual Report

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  This report provides information on progress over the past year in implementing the National Drug Control Strategy. It details trends in drug use and availability; assesses the costs of drug abuse to our society; and outlines accomplishments of federal prevention, treatment, law enforcement, interdiction, and international programs. We remain committed to the Strategy that focuses on shrinking America's demand for drugs, through prevention and treatment, and attacking the supply of drugs through law enforcement and international cooperation. Drug use is preventable. If children reach adulthood without using illegal drugs, alcohol, or tobacco, they are unlikely to develop a chemical-dependency problem later in life. To this end, the Strategy seeks to involve parents, coaches, mentors, teachers, clergy, and other role models in a broad prevention campaign. Drug dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder that exacts an enormous cost on individuals, families, businesses, communities, and nations. Addicted individuals frequently engage in self-destructive and criminal behavior. Treatment can help them end dependence on addictive drugs. Treatment programs also reduce the consequences of addiction on the rest of society. Providing treatment for America's chronic drug users is both compassionate public policy and a sound investment. Along with prevention and treatment, law enforcement is essential for reducing drug use in the United States. Illegal drug trafficking inflicts violence and corruption on our communities. Law enforcement is the first line of defense against such unacceptable activity

  United States. White House Office

  2000
• Changing Face of Transportation

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  The Changing Face of Transportation provides a historical perspective for policymaking. It reviews the major policy milestones of the past quarter century and the social and economic context for those milestones. Secretary Slater provides a logical foundation for making future policy choices and challenges the transportation enterprise to aspire toward higher marks of excellence, moving beyond what we think is possible and also thinking globally. Some future policy choices are apparent already and, as with the choices envisioned by former Secretaries of Transportation, undoubtedly many more will emerge as the future unfolds. Today, we can look forward with confidence knowing that our transportation system reflects the remarkable achievements of the Clinton-Gore Administration in striving to meet our nation's transportation needs. Under their leadership, virtually every law governing major transportation programs has been renewed, including the Trucking Industry Deregulation Act of 1994, the Ocean Shipping Reform Act of 1998, the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century of 1998 (TEA-21), and the Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21). These Acts provided record-level infrastructure investments, increased funding flexibility, expanded the proven strategies of public participation in the planning process, and affirmed this Administration's top transportation priority of improving safety and creating opportunities for all Americans. The ramification of this extraordinary era will positively shape transportation in the coming decades. Chapter 7 specifically deals with transportation and national security.

  United States. Department of Transportation

  2000
• Information System Incidents: The Development of a Damage Assessment Model

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  Information system (IS) incidents, such as hacking, denial-of-service, and viruses are on the rise. With low manning and under-trained information security specialists it is difficult for organizations to stop IS incidents from occurring. Once an incident has occurred it is the IS manager's responsibility to ensure that a full and accurate damage assessment has been accomplished. However, most IS managers lack the necessary tools to assess the damage from an incident. This exploratory thesis developed an IS incident damage assessment model (DAM) that can be part of the IS manager's tool kit. During the development of the model, it became apparent that everything in the model was supported by a foundation of business processes. Therefore, the most important thing an IS manager can do is define their organization's business processes and how they relate to information systems. The model is based on eight primary factors that should be considered during the assessment process:· Recovery· Education/Training· Business Expenses· Productivity· Data· Lost Revenue· Reputation· Human Life Each factor is then further expanded into sub-factors that better define and explain the primary factors. These sub-factors can be directly mapped to business processes previously defined by the information system manager. The final product is an IS incident DAM tailored to the needs of the IS manager's organization.

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Horony, Mark D.

  1999-12
• Field Manual for Mental Health and Human Service Workers in Major Disasters

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  "This Field Manual is intended for mental health workers and other human service providers who assist survivors following a disaster. This pocket reference provides the basics of disaster mental health, with numerous specific and practical suggestions for workers. Essential information about disaster survivors' reactions and needs is included. 'Helping' skills are described with guidance for when to refer for professional assistance. Strategies for worker stress prevention and management are presented in the last section."

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services

  DeWolfe, Deborah J.

  2000
• Staging for Hostile incidents: Evaluating Effectiveness of the Staging Policy for Firefighter Safety

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  "In November 1998, an applied research project was completed by this author in response to the perceptible increase in violence and hostility that firefighters in Clackamas County, Oregon, were facing. It had been noted that many 'close calls' had taken place as firefighters responded to emergency incidents. Among those incidents were examples of direct threats and assaults upon Clackamas County Fire District #1 fire personnel while performing their jobs. As a result of the predecessor applied research project, titled Responders at Risk: Surviving Violence in the Streets, a policy was developed for Clackamas County Fire District #1 in an attempt to increase the level of safety for firefighters in violent situations. Implemented in December 1998, the policy, Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents, has now been in effect for approximately one year. The previous applied research project focused upon the problem that hostility and violence in the field led to the compromise of firefighter safety. The problem for this applied research is that firefighter safety continues to be compromised in hostile and violent situations. The purpose for this applied research project was to follow up on its predecessor research and, specifically, to evaluate the effectiveness of the Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents policy for providing a reasonable margin of firefighter safety. The evaluative research method was used in answering the following three research questions: 1. What is the level of compliance with the Standard Operating Guideline (SOG) titled Staging: Known/Unknown Hostile Incidents? 2. How are other like-sized Portland metropolitan area fire agencies protecting their firefighters in similar situations? 3. What, if any, modifications could be made to increase effectiveness of the SOG?"

  National Fire Academy

  Smith, Jonathan S.

  1999-12
• Union and Its Effectiveness Within the Durham Fire Department

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  "In 1998 members of the City of Durham Fire Department were faced with the decision of whether to maintain the Durham Firefighter's Association (DFFA) or unite with the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF). This sparked immediate controversy because North Carolina is a 'right to work' state. (NRTW 1999) The decision was ultimately made to unite with the IAFF. Feelings of skepticism, uncertainty and apprehension accompanied this newly formed partnership. The problem that stemmed from members within the Durham Fire Department's rank and file who were doubtful of the effectiveness of the union's representation. However, there were members of the fire department who were optimistic and hopeful that the IAFF representation could provide a stronger more adequate voice and help forge them into a more unified, organized group. The purpose of this research project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the IAFF representation within the rank and file of the Durham Fire Department (DFD). The research project employed an evaluative research methodology to answer the following research questions: 1. Which areas would you prefer the union representatives give their time and attention to (multiple choice answers provided on sample survey). 2. Do you feel that the union's influence and representation is adequate? 3. Are you aware of the difference between a 'collective or collaborative bargaining state' versus a 'right to work state'? On August 30, 1999, two hundred fifty-five (255) surveys were distributed to all personnel assigned to Fire Prevention and the Operations Division. One hundred forty-two (142) surveys were returned by the September 30, 1999 due date."

  National Fire Academy

  Pagan, Bruce T.

  1999-12
• Setting Wildland Dispatch Levels

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  "The amount and types of equipment that the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CDF) dispatches to a wildland fire is based on the fire danger at the time. CDF is not consistent in the way fire danger is measured and therefore may be sending too much equipment in some cases and too little in others. The problem addressed by this research paper was that the method the CDF dispatch center in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit used to set dispatch levels may not have been adequate. The purpose of this paper was to determine if there was a better way for the ranger unit to establish dispatch levels based on a truer assessment of fire danger. Historical, descriptive, and evaluative research methodologies were used to answer the following research questions: 1. What tools were available for use in determining where changes in dispatch levels should be made? 2. What does fire report data show regarding the amount of equipment dispatched to fires in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit? 3. Is there a need to modify the existing practice of setting dispatch levels in the Amador El Dorado Ranger Unit? The procedures used included a review of the literature and extensive analysis of historical fire and weather records. Additionally, fire reports were analyzed to evaluate the amount of equipment used on fires. The literature review provided a significant amount of information about fire danger rating."

  National Fire Academy

  Gossner, Jody

  1999-12
• Carbon Monoxide and Gasoline Powered Smoke Blowers

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  "The problem was Las Vegas Fire and Rescue did not know if their employees were being exposed to unacceptable levels of carbon monoxide (CO) during post fire attack operations (overhaul, fire investigation, evidence retrieval, etc.). The purpose of this research project was to determine if gasoline powered smoke blowers could reduce carbon monoxide levels inside a structure during post fire attack operations to an acceptable level. The evaluative research method was used. The research questions to be answered were: 1. What is the acceptable level of carbon monoxide in a structure for a firefighter to work in without self contained breathing apparatus? 2. Does a gasoline powered smoke blower introduce a significant amount of carbon monoxide into a structure? 3. Can a gas powered smoke blower reduce the carbon monoxide within a structure to an acceptable level during post fire attack operations? The procedures included a literature review, gathering information from articles, texts, the internet, and data collected from evaluative testing of the gasoline powered smoke blowers typically used by Las Vegas Fire and Rescue. The research revealed a significant level of carbon monoxide is an atmosphere containing 35 ppm [parts per million] or more. In the positive pressure mode, a gasoline powered smoke blower introduces and maintains a significant amount of carbon monoxide into a structure; it was also determined that a gasoline powered smoke blower used in the negative pressure mode can reduce the level of carbon monoxide to an acceptable level."

  National Fire Academy

  Clinton, Henry L.

  1999-12
• United States Special Operations Forces: Posture Statement 2000

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  More recent history has caused the United States to maintain specialized forces capable of performing extremely difficult, complex, and politically sensitive missions on short notice, in peace and war, anywhere in the world. In 1987, Congress mandated the creation of the U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) with the responsibility to prepare and maintain combat-ready special operations forces (SOF) to successfully conduct special operations, including civil affairs (CA) and psychological operations (PSYOP). The characteristics of SOF personnel are shaped by the requirements of their missions and include foreign language capabilities; regional orientation; specialized equipment, training, and tactics; flexible force structure; and an understanding of the political context of their mission. Today's SOF are the product of an evolutionary process. The lessons learned from past operations and events, as well as the requirements of current missions and operations, have brought about a unique force with distinctive characteristics, capabilities, and limitations.

  United States. Department of Defense

  2000
• Workshop on Technical Opportunities for Increasing the Proliferation Resistance of Global Civilian Nuclear Power Systems (TOPS)

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  Nuclear power will continue to be a major factor in producing abundant and affordable energy in many parts of the world. The choice of nuclear power systems leading to acceptable growth in nuclear power among many countries will have to take into account a number of factors including economic competitiveness, acceptable safety standards, acceptable waste disposal options, and acceptable risks of proliferation of nuclear weapons from such nuclear power systems. This workshop will address primarily the latter of these criteria and is to help to identify the R&D directions which are to be taken in support of that objective. The development and application of new technology that increases the barriers to proliferation, and a clear and compelling rational for its deployment, could contribute to international security.

  Center for Global Security Research

  2000